Aṅguttaranikāya

Aṅguttaranikāya (aṭṭhakathā)

Kinh Tăng Chi Bộ

Ekakanipātapāḷi

Ekakanipāta-aṭṭhakathā

Ganthārambhakathā

‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ , paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ;

Sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.

‘‘Buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā ceva sacchikatvā ca;

Yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tamanuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.

‘‘Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasenamathanānaṃ;

Aṭṭhannampi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.

‘‘Iti me pasannamatino, ratanattayavandanāmayaṃ puññaṃ;

Yaṃ suvihatantarāyo, hutvā tassānubhāvena.

‘‘Ekakadukādipaṭimaṇḍitassa aṅguttarāgamavarassa;

Dhammakathikapuṅgavānaṃ, vicittapaṭibhānajananassa.

‘‘Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;

Pañcahi yā saṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpi.

‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābhatātha vasinā mahāmahindena;

Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.

‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;

Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ.

‘‘Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsadīpānaṃ;

Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ.

‘‘Hitvā punappunāgatamatthaṃ, atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi;

Sujanassa ca tuṭṭhatthaṃ, ciraṭṭhitatthañca dhammassa.

‘‘Sāvatthipabhūtīnaṃ, nagarānaṃ vaṇṇanā katā heṭṭhā;

Dīghassa majjhimassa ca, yā me atthaṃ vadantena.

‘‘Vitthāravasena sudaṃ, vatthūni ca tattha yāni vuttāni;

Tesampi na idha bhiyyo, vitthārakathaṃ karissāmi.

‘‘Suttānaṃ pana atthā, na vinā vatthūhi ye pakāsanti;

Tesaṃ pakāsanatthaṃ, vatthūnipi dassayissāmi.

‘‘Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni;

Cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro.

‘‘Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo ceva;

Khandhādhātāyatanindriyāni, ariyāni ceva cattāri.

‘‘Saccāni paccayākāradesanā suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;

Avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanābhāvanā ceva.

‘‘Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;

Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmi.

‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;

Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ.

‘‘Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;

Aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, aṅguttaranissitaṃ attha’’nti.

Saṃkhepakathā

Chương I – Một Pháp

1. Rūpādivaggo

1. Rūpādivaggavaṇṇanā

Tattha aṅguttarāgamo nāma ekakanipāto dukanipāto tikanipāto catukkanipāto pañcakanipāto chakkanipāto sattakanipāto aṭṭhakanipāto navakanipāto dasakanipāto ekādasakanipātoti ekādasa nipātā honti. Suttato –

‘‘Nava suttasahassāni, pañca suttasatāni ca;

Sattapaññāsa suttāni, honti aṅguttarāgame’’.

Tassa nipātesu ekakanipāto ādi, suttesu cittapariyādānasuttaṃ. Tassāpi ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānamādi. Sā panesā paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ādimhi vitthāritā, tasmā sā tattha vitthāritanayeneva veditabbā.

Nidānavaṇṇanā

I. Phẩm Sắc

1-10 Nữ Sắc v.v...

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthirūpaṃ. Itthirūpaṃ, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

1. Yaṃ panetaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādikaṃ nidānaṃ, tattha evanti nipātapadaṃ, metiādīni nāmapadāni. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ, haratīti ākhyātapadanti iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo.

Atthato pana evaṃsaddo tāva upamūpadesa-sampahaṃsana-garahaṇavacana-sampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādi-anekatthappabhedo. Tathā hesa ‘‘evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 53) upamāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabba’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. ‘‘Evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) sampahaṃsane. ‘‘Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.187) garahaṇe. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosu’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe. ‘‘Evaṃ byākho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.398) ākāre. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ…pe… phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti, evañca vadehi ‘‘sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.445) nidassane. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti? Akusalā, bhante. Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti? Sāvajjā, bhante. Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti? Viññugarahitā, bhante. Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti? Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) avadhāraṇe. Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.

Tattha ākāratthena evaṃsaddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇaṃ anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti.

Nidassanatthena ‘‘nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikata’’nti attānaṃ parimocento ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ suta’’nti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti.

Avadhāraṇatthena ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, satimantānaṃ, gatimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 223) evaṃ bhagavatā , ‘‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo’’ti (a. ni. 5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva, na aññathā daṭṭhabba’’nti.

Mesaddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa ‘‘gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyya’’ntiādīsu (su. ni. 81; saṃ. ni. 1.194) mayāti attho. ‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.88) mayhanti attho. ‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) mamāti attho. Idha pana ‘‘mayā suta’’nti ca, ‘‘mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Sutanti ayaṃ sutasaddo saupasaggo ca anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinnaupacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo. Tathā hissa – ‘‘senāya pasuto’’tiādīsu gacchantoti attho. ‘‘Sutadhammassa passato’’tiādīsu (udā. 11) vissutadhammassāti attho. ‘‘Avassutā avassutassā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 657) kilinnākilinnassāti attho. ‘‘Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’ntiādīsu (khu. pā. 7-12) upacitanti attho. ‘‘Ye jhānappasutā dhīrā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 181) jhānānuyuttāti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ muta’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. ‘‘Sutadharo sutasannicayo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vāti attho. Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati ‘‘evaṃ mayā sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti yujjati. Mamāti atthe sati ‘‘evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇa’’nti yujjati.

Evametesu tīsu padesu evanti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ. Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ. Sutanti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Tathā evanti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattabhāvappakāsanaṃ. Meti attappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti dhammappakāsanaṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – ‘‘nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo suto’’ti.

Tathā evanti niddisitabbappakāsanaṃ. Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā evaṃ sutanti.

Tathā evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso. Evanti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso. Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattu visaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti.

Atha vā evanti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutanti.

Tattha evanti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti. Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha. Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti. Yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti. Tathā evanti ca meti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutanti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti.

Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti. Sutanti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti. Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti. Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi, asammosena pana satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā, satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatā. Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi.

Aparo nayo – evanti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti, ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti, vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ , puna bhaṇathā’’ti bhaṇati. Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Tathā avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti. Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupassayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti.

Aparo nayo – yasmā ‘‘evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso’’ti vuttaṃ. So ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti, tasmā evanti iminā bhaddakenākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti. Sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti, purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi. Tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato, yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa, arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutantiādimāha.

Aparo nayo – evanti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Sutanti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ. Evanti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘ete mayā dhammā manasā anupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā’’ti dīpeti. Sutanti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā’’ti dīpeti. Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇaṃ hi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabboti.

Evaṃ me sutanti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. ‘‘Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā , tasseva pana bhagavato vacana’’nti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti , satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.

Apica ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto ‘‘sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ, na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā’’ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;

Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ, vadaṃ gotamasāvako’’ti.

Ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Ekaṃ samayanti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ. Tattha samayasaddo –

‘‘Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati’’.

Tathā hissa ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.447) samavāyo attho. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) khaṇo. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’tiādīsu (pāci. 358) kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.332) samūho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te bhaddāli appaṭividdho ahosi, bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati ‘bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthu sāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī’ti, ayampi kho te, bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.260) diṭṭhi.

‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. –

Ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.129) paṭilābho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.28) pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) paṭivedho. Idha panassa kālo attho. Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsa-aḍḍhamāsa-ratti-diva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha-paṭhama-majjhima- pacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti.

Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yamhi yamhi saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya. Yasmā pana ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā’’ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā, bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti, tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.

Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā, tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti. Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo, attahitaparahita-paṭipattisamayesu parahita-paṭipattisamayo, sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo, desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo, tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ sandhāya ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.

Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacara’’nti ca, ito aññesu ca suttapadesu ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī’’ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’ti karaṇavacanena niddeso kato, tathā akatvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti upayogavacanena niddeso katoti. Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraṇaṃ hi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo, tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacanena niddeso kato.

Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato.

Idha pana aññasmiñca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā, bhummena karaṇena ca;

Aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idhā’’ti.

Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye’’ti vā ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummamevatthoti. Tasmā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttepi ‘‘ekasmiṃ samaye’’ti attho veditabbo.

Bhagavāti garu. Garuñhi loke ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu, tasmā ‘‘bhagavā’’ti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;

Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Apica –

‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;

Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti. –

Imissāpi gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthārato attho veditabbo. So ca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.142, 144) buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva.

Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutanti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti. Tena ‘‘na idaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā’’ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti. Tena ‘‘evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto, kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā’’ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti. Evanti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati. Me sutanti sāvakasampattiṃ. Ekaṃ samayanti kālasampattiṃ. Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ.

Sāvatthiyanti evaṃnāmake nagare. Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgiparidīpanametaṃ. Idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ, tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā ‘‘viharatī’’ti vuccati.

Jetavaneti jetassa rājakumārassa vane. Tañhi tena ropitaṃ saṃvaḍḍhitaṃ paripālitaṃ, so cassa sāmī ahosi, tasmā jetavananti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ, tasmiṃ jetavane. Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmeti anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā catupaññāsahiraññakoṭipariccāgena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātitattā anāthapiṇḍikassāti saṅkhaṃ gate ārāme . Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana papañcasūdaniyā majjhimaṭṭhakathāya sabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.14 ādayo) vutto.

Tattha siyā – yadi tāva bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, ‘‘jetavane’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Atha tattha viharati, ‘‘sāvatthiya’’nti na vattabbaṃ. Na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ samayaṃ viharitunti. Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nanu avocumha ‘‘samīpatthe bhummavacana’’nti. Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘gaṅgāya caranti, yamunāya carantī’’ti vuccanti, evamidhāpi yadidaṃ sāvatthiyā samīpe jetavanaṃ, tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane’’ti. Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa sāvatthivacanaṃ, pabbajitānurūpanivāsanaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ.

Tattha sāvatthivacanena āyasmā ānando bhagavato gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dasseti, jetavanādikittanena pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ. Tathā purimena paccayaggahaṇato attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ, pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato kāmasukhallikānuyogavivajjanūpāyadassanaṃ. Purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyogaṃ, pacchimena vivekādhimuttiṃ. Purimena karuṇāya upagamanaṃ, pacchimena paññāya apagamanaṃ. Purimena sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttitaṃ, pacchimena parahitasukhakaraṇe nirupalepataṃ. Purimena dhammikasukhāpariccāganimittaphāsuvihāraṃ, pacchimena uttarimanussadhammānuyoganimittaṃ. Purimena manussānaṃ upakārabahulataṃ, pacchimena devatānaṃ. Purimena loke jātassa loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ, pacchimena lokena anupalittataṃ. Purimena ‘‘ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti (a. ni. 1.170) vacanato yadatthaṃ bhagavā uppanno, tadatthaparinipphādanaṃ, pacchimena yattha uppanno, tadanurūpavihāraṃ. Bhagavā hi paṭhamaṃ lumbinivane, dutiyaṃ bodhimaṇḍeti lokiyalokuttarāya uppattiyā vaneyeva uppanno. Tenassa vaneyeva vihāraṃ dassetīti evamādinā nayenettha atthayojanā veditabbā.

Tatrāti desakālaparidīpanaṃ. Tañhi yaṃ samayaṃ viharati, tatra samaye. Yasmiñca ārāme viharati, tatra ārāmeti dīpeti. Bhāsitabbayutte vā desakāle dīpeti. Na hi bhagavā ayutte dese vā kāle vā dhammaṃ bhāsati. ‘‘Akālo kho tāva, bāhiyā’’tiādi (udā. 10) cettha sādhakaṃ. Khoti padapūraṇamatte avadhāraṇe ādikālatthe vā nipāto. Bhagavāti lokagarudīpanaṃ. Bhikkhūti kathāsavanayuttapuggalavacanaṃ. Api cettha ‘‘bhikkhakoti bhikkhu, bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatoti bhikkhū’’tiādinā (pārā. 45; vibha. 511) nayena vacanattho veditabbo. Āmantesīti ālapi abhāsi sambodhesīti ayamettha attho. Aññatra pana ñāpanepi hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘āmantayāmi vo, bhikkhave, paṭivedayāmi vo, bhikkhave’’ti. Pakkosanepi. Yathāha – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehī’’ti (a. ni. 9.11; saṃ. ni. 2.32).

Bhikkhavoti āmantanākāraparidīpanaṃ. Tañca bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogasiddhattā vuttaṃ. Bhikkhanasīlatāguṇayuttopi hi bhikkhu, bhikkhanadhammatāguṇayuttopi bhikkhu, bhikkhane sādhukāritāguṇayuttopīti saddavidū maññanti. Tena ca nesaṃ bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogasiddhena vacanena hīnādhikajanasevitaṃ vuttiṃ pakāsento uddhatadīnabhāvaniggahaṃ karoti. Bhikkhavoti iminā karuṇāvipphārasommahadayanayananipātapubbaṅgamena vacanena te attano mukhābhimukhe karoti. Teneva ca kathetukamyatādīpakena vacanena tesaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti. Teneva ca sambodhanatthena sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārepi te niyojeti. Sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārāyattā hi sāsanasampatti.

Aparesupi devamanussesu vijjamānesu kasmā bhikkhūyeva āmantesīti ce? Jeṭṭhaseṭṭhāsannasadāsannihitabhāvato. Sabbaparisasādhāraṇā hi bhagavato dhammadesanā. Parisāya ca jeṭṭhā bhikkhū paṭhamuppannattā, seṭṭhā anagāriyabhāvaṃ ādiṃ katvā satthucariyānuvidhāyakattā sakalasāsanapaṭiggāhakattā ca. Āsannā te tattha nisinnesu satthusantikattā. Sadāsannihitā satthusantikāvacarattāti. Apica te dhammadesanāya bhājanaṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattisabbhāvatotipi te eva āmantesi.

Kimatthaṃ pana bhagavā dhammaṃ desento paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū āmantesi, na dhammameva desesīti? Satijananatthaṃ. Bhikkhū hi aññaṃ cintentāpi vikkhittacittāpi dhammaṃ paccavekkhantāpi kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontāpi nisinnā honti, te anāmantetvā dhamme desiyamāne ‘‘ayaṃ desanā kiṃnidānā kiṃpaccayā katamāya aṭṭhuppattiyā desitā’’ti sallakkhetuṃ asakkontā duggahitaṃ vā gaṇheyyuṃ, na vā gaṇheyyuṃ. Tena nesaṃ satijananatthaṃ bhagavā paṭhamaṃ āmantetvā pacchā dhammaṃ deseti.

Bhadanteti gāravavacanametaṃ, satthu paṭivacanadānaṃ vā. Api cettha ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti vadamāno bhagavā te bhikkhū ālapati. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti vadamānā te bhagavantaṃ paccālapanti. Tathā ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā ādimhi bhāsati, ‘‘bhadante’’ti te paccābhāsanti. ‘‘Bhikkhavo’’ti paṭivacanaṃ dāpeti, ‘‘bhadante’’ti paṭivacanaṃ denti. Te bhikkhūti ye bhagavā āmantesi, te. Bhagavato paccassosunti bhagavato āmantanaṃ paṭiassosuṃ, abhimukhā hutvā suṇiṃsu sampaṭicchiṃsu paṭiggahesunti attho. Bhagavāetadavocāti bhagavā etaṃ idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ avoca. Ettāvatā ca yaṃ āyasmatā ānandena imassa suttassa sukhāvagāhaṇatthaṃ kāladesadesakaparisāpadesapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ, tassa atthavaṇṇanā samattāti.

Rūpādivaṇṇanā

Idāni nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmītiādinā nayena bhagavatā nikkhittassa suttassa vaṇṇanāya okāso anuppatto, sā panesā suttavaṇṇanā yasmā suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvāva vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti, tasmā suttanikkhepavicāraṇā tāva veditabbā. Cattāro hi suttanikkhepā attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo pucchāvasiko aṭṭhuppattikoti. Tattha yāni suttāni bhagavā parehi anajjhiṭṭho kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ vatthasuttanti evamādīni, tesaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Yāni pana ‘‘paripakkā kho rāhulassa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttari āsavānaṃ khaye vineyya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.121; ma. ni. 3.416) evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ khantiṃ manaṃ abhinīhāraṃ bujjhanabhāvañca oloketvā parajjhāsayavasena kathitāni, seyyathidaṃ – rāhulovādasuttaṃ dhammacakkappavattananti evamādīni, tesaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Bhagavantaṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā te te devamanussā tathā tathā pañhaṃ pucchanti. Evaṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā yāni kathitāni devatāsaṃyuttabojjhaṅgasaṃyuttādīni, tesaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo. Yāni pana uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca kathitāni dhammadāyādasuttaputtamaṃsūpamādīni, tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo. Evamimesu catūsu nikkhepesu imassa suttassa parajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Parajjhāsayavasena hetaṃ nikkhittaṃ. Kesaṃ ajjhāsayenāti? Rūpagarukānaṃ purisānaṃ.

Tattha nāhaṃ, bhikkhavetiādīsu nakāro paṭisedhattho. Ahanti attānaṃ niddisati. Bhikkhaveti bhikkhū ālapati. Aññanti idāni vattabbā itthirūpato aññaṃ. Ekarūpampīti ekampi rūpaṃ. Samanupassāmīti dve samanupassanā ñāṇasamanupassanā ca diṭṭhisamanupassanā ca. Tattha ‘‘aniccato samanupassati, no niccato’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.35) ayaṃ ñāṇasamanupassanā nāma. ‘‘Rūpaṃ attato samanupassatī’’tiādikā (paṭi. ma. 1.130) pana diṭṭhisamanupassanā nāma. Tāsu idha ñāṇasamanupassanā adhippetā. Imassa pana padassa nakārena sambandho veditabbo. Idaṃ hi vuttaṃ hoti – ahaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbaññutaññāṇena olokentopi aññaṃ ekarūpampi na samanupassāmīti. Yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatīti yaṃ rūpaṃ rūpagarukassa purisassa catubhūmakakusalacittaṃ pariyādiyitvā gaṇhitvā khepetvā tiṭṭhati. ‘‘Sabbaṃ hatthikāyaṃ pariyādiyitvā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.126) hi gahaṇaṃ pariyādānaṃ nāma. ‘‘Aniccasaññā, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.102) khepanaṃ. Idha ubhayampi vaṭṭati. Tattha idaṃ rūpaṃ catubhūmakakusalacittaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na nīluppalakalāpaṃ puriso viya hatthena gaṇhāti, nāpi khepayamānaṃ aggi viya uddhane udakaṃ santāpetvā khepeti. Uppattiñcassa nivārayamānameva catubhūmakampi kusalacittaṃ gaṇhāti ceva khepeti cāti veditabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti.

Yathayidanti yathā idaṃ. Itthirūpanti itthiyā rūpaṃ. Tattha ‘‘kiñca, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ vadetha? Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā rūpanti vuccati. Kena ruppati? Sītenapi ruppati uṇhenapi ruppatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.79) suttānusārena rūpassa vacanattho ceva sāmaññalakkhaṇañca veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana rūpasaddo khandhabhavanimittapaccayasarīravaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīsu anekesu atthesu vattati. Ayañhi ‘‘yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’nti (vibha. 2; mahāva. 22) ettha rūpakkhandhe vattati. ‘‘Rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (dha. sa. 161; vibha. 624) ettha rūpabhave. ‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’ti (dha. sa. 204-232 ādayo) ettha kasiṇanimitte. ‘‘Sarūpā, bhikkhave, uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā no arūpā’’ti (a. ni. 2.83) ettha paccaye. ‘‘Ākāso parivārito rūpanteva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.306) ettha sarīre. ‘‘Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. 1.400; 3.421) ettha vaṇṇe. ‘‘Rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno’’ti (a. ni. 4.65) ettha saṇṭhāne. Ādisaddena ‘‘piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, arasarūpo’’tiādīnipi saṅgaṇhitabbāni. Idha panesa itthiyā catusamuṭṭhāne rūpāyatanasaṅkhāte vaṇṇe vattati. Apica yo koci itthiyā nivatthanivāsanassa vā alaṅkārassa vā gandhavaṇṇakādīnaṃ vā piḷandhanamālādīnaṃ vāti kāyappaṭibaddho ca vaṇṇo purisassa cakkhuviññāṇassa ārammaṇaṃ hutvā upakappati, sabbametaṃ itthirūpanteva veditabbaṃ. Itthirūpaṃ, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatīti idaṃ purimasseva daḷhīkaraṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Purimaṃ vā ‘‘yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthirūpa’’nti evaṃ opammavasena vuttaṃ, idaṃ pariyādānānubhāvadassanavasena.

Tatridaṃ itthirūpassa pariyādānānubhāve vatthu – mahādāṭhikanāgarājā kira cetiyagirimhi ambatthale mahāthūpaṃ kārāpetvā giribhaṇḍapūjaṃ nāma katvā kālena kālaṃ orodhagaṇaparivuto cetiyagiriṃ gantvā bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ deti. Bahūnaṃ sannipātaṭṭhāne nāma na sabbesaṃ sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti, rañño ca damiḷadevī nāma mahesī paṭhamavaye ṭhitā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Atheko cittatthero nāma vuḍḍhapabbajito asaṃvaraniyāmena olokento tassā rūpārammaṇe nimittaṃ gahetvā ummādappatto viya ṭhitanisinnaṭṭhānesu ‘‘handa damiḷadevī, handa damiḷadevī’’ti vadanto vicarati. Tato paṭṭhāya cassa daharasāmaṇerā ummattakacittattherotveva nāmaṃ katvā vohariṃsu. Atha sā devī nacirasseva kālamakāsi. Bhikkhusaṅghe sivathikadassanaṃ gantvā āgate daharasāmaṇerā tassa santikaṃ gantvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante cittatthera, yassatthāya tvaṃ vilapasi, mayaṃ tassā deviyā sivathikadassanaṃ gantvā āgatā’’ti. Evaṃ vuttepi assaddahanto ‘‘yassā vā tassā vā tumhe sivathikadassanatthāya gatā, mukhaṃ tumhākaṃ dhūmaṇṇa’’nti . Ummattakavacanameva avoca. Evaṃ ummattakacittattherassa cittaṃ pariyādāya aṭṭhāsi idaṃ itthirūpaṃ.

Aparampi vatthu – saddhātissamahārājā kira ekadivasaṃ orodhagaṇaparivuto vihāraṃ āgato . Eko daharo lohapāsādadvārakoṭṭhake ṭhatvā asaṃvare ṭhito ekaṃ itthiṃ olokesi. Sāpi gamanaṃ pacchinditvā taṃ olokesi. Ubhopi abbhantare uṭṭhitena rāgagginā ḍayhitvā kālamakaṃsu. Evaṃ itthirūpaṃ daharassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati.

Aparampi vatthu – kalyāṇiyamahāvihārato kireko daharo uddesatthāya kāḷadīghavāpigāmadvāravihāraṃ gantvā niṭṭhituddesakicco atthakāmānaṃ vacanaṃ aggahetvā ‘‘gataṭṭhāne daharasāmaṇerehi puṭṭhena gāmassa niviṭṭhākāro kathetabbo bhavissatī’’ti gāme piṇḍāya caranto visabhāgārammaṇe nimittaṃ gahetvā attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gato tāya nivatthavatthaṃ sañjānitvā ‘‘kahaṃ, bhante, idaṃ laddha’’nti pucchanto tassā matabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘evarūpā nāma itthī maṃ nissāya matā’’ti cintento antouṭṭhitena rāgagginā ḍayhitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇi. Evampi idaṃ itthirūpaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatīti veditabbaṃ.

1. Tôi nghe như vầy.:

Một thời Thế Tôn trú ở Sàvatthi, rừng Jetavana, tại khu vườn ông Anàthapindika. Tại đấy, Thế Tôn bảo các Tỷ-kheo:

- Này các Tỷ-kheo!

- Thưa vâng, bạch Thế Tôn!

Các Tỷ-kheo ấy vâng đáp Thế Tôn. Thế Tôn nói như sau:

- Ta không thấy một sắc nào khác, này các Tỷ-kheo, xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông như sắc người đàn bà. Này các Tỷ-kheo, sắc người đàn bà xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông.

2. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekasaddampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthisaddo. Itthisaddo, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.

2. Dutiyādīni saddagarukādīnaṃ āsayavasena vuttāni. Tesu itthisaddoti itthiyā cittasamuṭṭhāno kathitagītavāditasaddo. Apica itthiyā nivatthanivāsanassāpi alaṅkatālaṅkārassāpi itthipayoganipphādito vīṇāsaṅkhapaṇavādisaddopi itthisaddotveva veditabbo. Sabbopi heso purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati.

Tattha suvaṇṇakakkaṭakasuvaṇṇamoradaharabhikkhuādīnaṃ vatthūni veditabbāni. Pabbatantaraṃ kira nissāya mahantaṃ hatthināgakulaṃ vasati. Avidūraṭṭhāne cassa mahāparibhogasaro atthi, tasmiṃ kāyūpapanno suvaṇṇakakkaṭako atthi. So taṃ saraṃ otiṇṇotiṇṇe saṇḍāsena viya aḷehi pāde gahetvā attano vasaṃ netvā māreti. Tassa otārāpekkhā hatthināgā ekaṃ mahāhatthiṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā vicaranti. So ekadivasaṃ taṃ hatthināgaṃ gaṇhi. Thāmasatisampanno hatthināgo cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ bhītaravaṃ ravissāmi, sabbe yathāruciyā akīḷitvā palāyissantī’’ti niccalova aṭṭhāsi. Atha sabbesaṃ uttiṇṇabhāvaṃ ñatvā tena gahitabhāvaṃ attano bhariyaṃ jānāpetuṃ viravitvā evamāha –

‘‘Siṅgīmigo āyatacakkhunetto,

Aṭṭhittaco vārisayo alomo;

Tenābhibhūto kapaṇaṃ rudāmi,

Mā heva maṃ pāṇasamaṃ jaheyyā’’ti. (jā. 1.3.49);

Sā taṃ sutvā sāmikassa gahitabhāvaṃ ñatvā taṃ tamhā bhayā mocetuṃ hatthinā ca kuḷīrena ca saddhiṃ sallapantī evamāha –

‘‘Ayya na taṃ jahissāmi, kuñjaraṃ saṭṭhihāyanaṃ;

Pathabyā cāturantāya, suppiyo hosi me tuvaṃ.

‘‘Ye kuḷīrā samuddasmiṃ, gaṅgāya yamunāya ca;

Tesaṃ tvaṃ vārijo seṭṭho, muñca rodantiyā pati’’nti. (jā. 1.3.50-51);

Kuḷīro saha itthisaddassavanena gahaṇaṃ sithilamakāsi. Atha hatthināgo ‘‘ayamevetassa okāso’’ti ekaṃ pādaṃ gahitākāreneva ṭhapetvā dutiyaṃ ukkhipitvā taṃ piṭṭhikapāle akkamitvā vicuṇṇikaṃ katvā thokaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā tīre khipi. Atha naṃ sabbahatthino sannipatitvā ‘‘amhākaṃ verī’’ti vicuṇṇayiṃsu. Evaṃ tāva itthisaddo suvaṇṇakakkaṭakassa cittaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhati.

Suvaṇṇamoropi himavantaṃ anupavisitvā mahantaṃ pabbatagahanaṃ nissāya vasanto niccakālaṃ sūriyassa udayakāle sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ ulloketvā attano rakkhaṃ karonto evaṃ vadati –

‘‘Udetayaṃ cakkhumā ekarājā,

Harissavaṇṇo pathavippabhāso;

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi harissavaṇṇaṃ pathavippabhāsaṃ,

Tayājja guttā viharemu divasaṃ.

‘‘Ye brāhmaṇā vedagū sabbadhamme,

Te me namo te ca maṃ pālayantu;

Namatthu buddhānaṃ namatthu bodhiyā,

Namo vimuttānaṃ namo vimuttiyā;

Imaṃ so parittaṃ katvā,

Moro carati esanā’’ti. (jā. 1.2.17);

So divasaṃ gocaraṃ gahetvā sāyanhasamaye vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pavisanto atthaṅgataṃ sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ oloketvāpi imaṃ gāthaṃ vadati –

‘‘Apetayaṃ cakkhumā ekarājā,

Harissavaṇṇo pathavippabhāso;

Taṃ taṃ namassāmi harissavaṇṇaṃ pathavippabhāsaṃ,

Tayājja guttā viharemu rattiṃ.

‘‘Ye brāhmaṇā vedagū sabbadhamme,

Te me namo te ca maṃ pālayantu;

Namatthu buddhānaṃ namatthu bodhiyā,

Namo vimuttānaṃ namo vimuttiyā;

Imaṃ so parittaṃ katvā,

Moro vāsamakappayī’’ti. (jā. 1.2.18);

Iminā niyāmena satta vassasatāni vītināmetvā ekadivasaṃ parittakammato puretarameva morakukkuṭikāya saddaṃ sutvā parittakammaṃ asaritvā raññā pesitassa luddakassa vasaṃ upagato. Evaṃ itthisaddo suvaṇṇamorassa cittaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhatīti. Chātapabbatavāsī daharo pana sudhāmuṇḍakavāsī daharo ca itthisaddaṃ sutvā anayabyasanaṃ pattāti.

2. Ta không thấy một tiếng nào khác, này các Tỷ-kheo, xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông, như tiếng người đàn bà. Này các Tỷ-kheo, tiếng người đàn bà xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông.

3. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekagandhampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthigandho. Itthigandho, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.

3. Tatiye itthigandhoti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikaṃ gandhāyatanaṃ. Svāyaṃ itthiyā sarīragandho duggandho hoti, kāyāruḷho pana āgantukaanulepanādigandho idha adhippeto. Ekaccā hi itthī assagandhinī hoti, ekaccā meṇḍakagandhinī, ekaccā sedagandhinī, ekaccā soṇitagandhinī . Ekacco andhabālo evarūpāyapi itthiyā rajjateva. Cakkavattino pana itthiratanassa kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato ca uppalagandho. Ayaṃ na sabbāsaṃ hoti, āgantukaanulepanādigandhova idha adhippeto. Tiracchānagatā pana hatthiassagoṇādayo tiracchānagatānaṃ sajātiitthīnaṃ utugandhena yojanadviyojanatiyojanacatuyojanampi gacchanti. Itthikāye gandho vā hotu itthiyā nivatthanivāsanaanulittālepanapiḷandhamālādigandho vā, sabbopi itthigandhotveva veditabbo.

3-5.Ta không thấy một hương... một vị... một xúc nào khác, này các Tỷ-kheo, xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông, như hương... vị... xúc người đàn bà. Này các Tỷ-kheo, xúc người đàn bà xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn ông.

4. ‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarasampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthiraso. Itthiraso, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.

4. Catutthe itthirasoti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikaṃ rasāyatanaṃ. Tipiṭakacūḷanāgacūḷābhayattherā pana ‘‘svāyaṃ itthiyā kiṃkārapaṭissāvitādivasena savanaraso ceva paribhogaraso ca, ayaṃ itthiraso’’ti vadanti. Kiṃ tena? Yo panāyaṃ itthiyā oṭṭhamaṃsasammakkhanakheḷādirasopi , sāmikassa dinnayāgubhattādīnaṃ rasopi, sabbo so itthirasotveva veditabbo. Aneke hi sattā attano mātugāmena yaṃkiñci sahatthā dinnameva madhuranti gahetvā anayabyasanaṃ pattāti.

5. ‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekaphoṭṭhabbampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, itthiphoṭṭhabbo. Itthiphoṭṭhabbo, bhikkhave, purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.

5. Pañcame itthiphoṭṭhabboti itthiyā kāyasamphasso, itthisarīrāruḷhānaṃ vatthālaṅkāramālādīnampi phasso itthiphoṭṭhabbotveva veditabbo. Sabbopesa purisassa cittaṃ pariyādiyati mahācetiyaṅgaṇe gaṇasajjhāyaṃ gaṇhantassa daharabhikkhuno visabhāgārammaṇaphasso viyāti.

Iti satthā sattānaṃ āsayānusayavasena rūpādīsu ekekaṃ gahetvā aññaṃ īdisaṃ na passāmīti āha. Yathā hi rūpagarukassa purisassa itthirūpaṃ cittuppādaṃ gameti palibundhati bajjhāpeti baddhāpeti moheti saṃmoheti, na tathā sesā saddādayo. Yathā ca saddādigarukānaṃ saddādayo, na tathā rūpādīni ārammaṇāni. Ekaccassa ca rūpādīsu ekamevārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pariyādiyati, ekaccassa dvepi tīṇipi cattāripi pañcapi. Iti ime pañca suttantā pañcagarukavasena kathitā, na pañcagarukajātakavasena. Pañcagarukajātakaṃ pana sakkhibhāvatthāya āharitvā kathetabbaṃ. Tatra hi amanussehi kantāramajjhe katāya āpaṇādivicāraṇāya mahāpurisassa pañcasu sahāyesu rūpagaruko rūpārammaṇe bajjhitvā anayabyasanaṃ patto, saddādigarukā saddārammaṇādīsu. Iti taṃ sakkhibhāvatthāya āharitvā kathetabbaṃ. Ime pana pañca suttantā pañcagarukavaseneva kathitā.

6. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, purisarūpaṃ. Purisarūpaṃ, bhikkhave, itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

6. Yasmā ca na kevalaṃ purisāyeva pañcagarukā honti, itthiyopi hontiyeva, tasmā tāsampi vasena puna pañca suttante kathesi. Tesampi attho vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Vatthūsupi paṭhamasutte lohapāsādadvāre ṭhitaṃ daharaṃ oloketvā matāya rājorodhāya vatthu veditabbaṃ. Taṃ heṭṭhā vitthāritameva.

6. Ta không thấy một sắc nào khác, này các Tỷ-kheo, xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn bà như sắc người đàn ông. Này các Tỷ-kheo, sắc người đàn ông xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn bà.

7. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekasaddampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, purisasaddo. Purisasaddo, bhikkhave, itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.

7. Dutiyasutte bārāṇasiyaṃ rūpūpajīvino mātugāmassa vatthu veditabbaṃ. Guttilavīṇāvādako kirekissā itthiyā sahassaṃ pahiṇi, sā taṃ uppaṇḍetvā gaṇhituṃ na icchi. So ‘‘karissāmettha kattabba’’nti sāyanhakālasamanantare alaṅkatapaṭiyatto tassā gehassa abhimukhaṭṭhāne aññasmiṃ gehadvāre nisinno vīṇāya tantiyo same guṇe patiṭṭhāpetvā tantissarena gītassaraṃ anatikkamanto gāyi. Sā itthī tassa gītasaddaṃ sutvā dvāranti saññāya ‘‘vivaṭavātapānena tassa santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti ākāseyeva jīvitakkhayaṃ pattā.

7-10. Ta không thấy một tiếng... một hương... một vị... một xúc nào khác. Này các Tỷ-kheo, xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn bà, như tiếng... hương... vị... xúc người đàn ông. Này các Tỷ-kheo, xúc người đàn ông xâm chiếm và ngự trị tâm người đàn bà.

8. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekagandhampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, purisagandho. Purisagandho, bhikkhave, itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

8. Tatiyasutte cakkavattirañño kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato ca uppalagandhoti idaṃ āharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ cettha vatthu veditabbaṃ. Sāvatthiyaṃ kirekissā kuṭumbikadhītāya sāmiko satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā, ‘‘na sakkā mayā ayaṃ dhammo gihibhūtena pūretu’’nti aññatarassa piṇḍapātikattherassa santike pabbaji. Athassa bhariyaṃ ‘‘assāmikā aya’’nti ñatvā rājā pasenadikosalo antepuraṃ āharāpetvā ekadivasaṃ ekaṃ nīluppalakalāpaṃ ādāya antepuraṃ paviṭṭho ekekissā ekekaṃ nīluppalaṃ dāpesi. Pupphesu bhājiyamānesu tassā itthiyā dve hatthaṃ pattāni. Sā pahaṭṭhākāraṃ dassetvā upasiṅghitvā parodi. Rājā tassā ubhayākāraṃ disvā taṃ pakkosāpetvā pucchi. Sā attano pahaṭṭhakāraṇañca rodanakāraṇañca kathesi. Yāvatatiyaṃ kathitepi rājā assaddahanto punadivase sakalarājanivesane sabbamālāvilepanādisugandhagandhaṃ harāpetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa āsanāni paññāpetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā bhattakiccapariyosāne taṃ itthiṃ ‘‘kataro te thero’’ti pucchitvā, ‘‘aya’’nti vutte ñatvā satthāraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhehi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅgho gacchatu, amhākaṃ asukatthero anumodanaṃ karissatī’’ti āha. Satthā taṃ bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā vihāraṃ gato. There anumodanaṃ vattuṃ āraddhamatte sakalaṃ rājanivesanaṃ gandhapūraṃ viya jātaṃ. Rājā ‘‘saccamevesā āhā’’ti pasīditvā punadivase satthāraṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ pucchi. Satthā ‘‘ayaṃ atīte dhammakathaṃ suṇanto ‘sādhu sādhū’ti sādhukāraṃ pavattento sakkaccaṃ assosi, tammūlako tena mahārāja ayamānisaṃso laddho’’ti ācikkhi.

‘‘Saddhammadesanākāle, sādhu sādhūti bhāsato;

Mukhato jāyate gandho, uppalaṃva yathodake’’ti.

Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti. Imasmiṃ vagge vaṭṭameva kathitaṃ.

Rūpādivaggavaṇṇanā.

9. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekarasampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, purisaraso. Purisaraso, bhikkhave, itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.

10. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekaphoṭṭhabbampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, purisaphoṭṭhabbo. Purisaphoṭṭhabbo, bhikkhave, itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.