Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
Khuddakanikāye
Theragāthā-aṭṭhakathā
(Paṭhamo bhāgo)
Ganthārambhakathā
Mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ, ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ;
Vande nipuṇagambhīra-vicitranayadesanaṃ.
Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena niyyanti lokato;
Vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ, sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.
Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;
Vande ariyasaṅghaṃ taṃ,
puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.
Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;
Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.
Yā tā subhūtiādīhi, katakiccehi tādihi;
Therehi bhāsitā gāthā, therīhi ca nirāmisā.
Udānanādavidhinā, gambhīrā nipuṇā subhā;
Suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā, ariyadhammappakāsikā.
Theragāthāti nāmena, therīgāthāti
tādino;
Yā khuddakanikāyamhi, saṅgāyiṃsu mahesayo.
Tāsaṃ gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāhetabbabhāvato;
Kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.
Sahasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthu sāsanaṃ;
Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo.
Tasmā taṃ avalambitvā, ogāhetvāna pañcapi;
Nikāye upanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ.
Suvisuddhaṃ asaṃkiṇṇaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, samayaṃ
avilomayaṃ.
Yāsaṃ attho duviññeyyo, anupubbikathaṃ vinā;
Tāsaṃ tañca vibhāvento, dīpayanto vinicchayaṃ.
Yathābalaṃ karissāmi, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ subhaṃ;
Sakkaccaṃ theragāthānaṃ, therīgāthānameva ca.
Iti ākaṅkhamānassa, saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ;
Tadatthaṃ vibhajantassa, nisāmayatha sādhavoti.
Kā panetā theragāthā
therīgāthā ca, kathañca pavattāti, kāmañcāyamattho gāthāsu
vuttoyeva pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ pana punapi vuccate – tattha theragāthā tāva
subhūtittherādīhi bhāsitā. Yā hi te attanā yathādhigataṃ maggaphalasukhaṃ
paccavekkhitvā kāci udānavasena, kāci attano samāpattivihārapaccavekkhaṇavasena,
kāci pucchāvasena, kāci parinibbānasamaye sāsanassa
niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanavasena abhāsiṃsu, tā sabbā saṅgītikāle ekajjhaṃ katvā
‘‘theragāthā’’icceva dhammasaṅgāhakehi saṅgītā. Therīgāthā pana theriyo uddissa
desitā.
Tā pana vinayapiṭakaṃ, suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu
suttantapiṭakapariyāpannā. Dīghanikāyo, majjhimanikāyo, saṃyuttanikāyo,
aṅguttaranikāyo, khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu
nikāyesu khuddakanikāyapariyāpannā, suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ,
itivuttakaṃ , jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ,
vedallanti navasu sāsanaṅgesu gāthaṅgasaṅgahaṃ gatā.
‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dvesahassāni bhikkhuto;
Caturāsītisahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti.
Evaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭiññātesu caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassesu
katipayadhammakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ gatā.
Tattha theragāthā tāva nipātato ekanipāto
ekuttaravasena yāva cuddasanipātāti cuddasanipāto soḷasanipāto vīsatinipāto
tiṃsanipāto cattālīsanipāto paññāsanipāto saṭṭhinipāto sattatinipātoti
ekavīsatinipātasaṅgahā. Nipātanaṃ nikkhipananti nipāto. Eko ekeko gāthānaṃ
nipāto nikkhepo etthāti ekanipāto. Iminā nayena sesesupi attho veditabbo.
Tattha ekanipāte dvādasa vaggā. Ekekasmiṃ vagge dasa dasa katvā vīsuttarasataṃ
therā, tattikā eva gāthā. Vuttañhi –
‘‘Vīsuttarasataṃ therā, katakiccā anāsavā;
Ekakamhi nipātamhi, susaṅgītā mahesibhī’’ti.
Dukanipāte ekūnapaññāsa therā, aṭṭhanavuti gāthā; tikanipāte soḷasa therā,
aṭṭhacattālīsa gāthā; catukkanipāte terasa therā, dvepaññāsa gāthā;
pañcakanipāte dvādasa therā, saṭṭhi gāthā; chakkanipāte cuddasa therā,
caturāsīti gāthā; sattakanipāte pañca therā, pañcatiṃsa gāthā; aṭṭhakanipāte
tayo therā, catuvīsati gāthā; navakanipāte eko thero, nava gāthā; dasanipāte
satta therā, sattati gāthā; ekādasanipāte eko thero, ekādasa gāthā;
dvādasanipāte dve therā, catuvīsati gāthā; terasanipāte eko thero, terasa gāthā;
cuddasanipāte dve therā, aṭṭhavīsati gāthā; pannarasanipāto natthi, soḷasanipāte
dve therā, dvattiṃsa gāthā; vīsatinipāte dasa therā, pañcacattālīsādhikāni dve
gāthāsatāni; tiṃsanipāte tayo therā, sataṃ pañca ca
gāthā; cattālīsanipāte eko thero,
dvecattālīsa gāthā; paññāsanipāte eko thero, pañcapaññāsa gāthā; saṭṭhinipāte
eko thero, aṭṭhasaṭṭhi gāthā; sattatinipāte eko thero, ekasattati gāthā.
Sampiṇḍetvā pana dvesatāni catusaṭṭhi ca therā, sahassaṃ tīṇi satāni saṭṭhi ca
gāthāti. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Sahassaṃ honti tā gāthā, tīṇi saṭṭhi satāni ca;
Therā ca dve satā saṭṭhi, cattāro ca pakāsitā’’ti.
Therīgāthā pana ekanipāto ekuttaravasena yāva navanipātāti navanipāto
ekādasanipāto, dvādasanipāto, soḷasanipāto, vīsatinipāto, tiṃsanipāto,
cattālīsanipāto, mahānipātoti soḷasanipātasaṅgahā.
Tattha ekanipāte aṭṭhārasa theriyo, aṭṭhāraseva gāthā; dukanipāte dasa theriyo,
vīsati gāthā; tikanipāte aṭṭha theriyo, catuvīsati gāthā; catukkanipāte ekā
therī, catasso gāthā; pañcakanipāte dvādasa theriyo saṭṭhi gāthā; chakkanipāte
aṭṭha theriyo aṭṭhacattālīsa gāthā; sattanipāte tisso theriyo, ekavīsati gāthā;
aṭṭha nipātato paṭṭhāya yāva soḷasanipātā ekekā theriyo taṃtaṃnipātaparimāṇā
gāthā; vīsatinipāte pañca theriyo, aṭṭhārasasatagāthā; tiṃsanipāte ekā therī,
catuttiṃsa gāthā; cattālīsanipāte ekā therī, aṭṭhacattālīsa gāthā; mahānipātepi
ekā therī, pañcasattati gāthā. Evamettha nipātānaṃ gāthāvaggānaṃ gāthānañca
parimāṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.
Nidānagāthāvaṇṇanā
Evaṃ paricchinnaparimāṇāsu panetāsu
theragāthā ādi. Tatthāpi –
‘‘Sīhānaṃva nadantānaṃ, dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare;
Suṇātha bhāvitattānaṃ, gāthā atthūpanāyikā’’ti.
Ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle āyasmatā ānandena tesaṃ therānaṃ thomanatthaṃ
bhāsitā gāthā ādi. Tattha sīhānanti
sīhasaddo ‘‘sīho, bhikkhave, migarājā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.33) migarāje āgato.
‘‘Atha kho sīho senāpati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.34)
paññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Sīhoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ
arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 5.99; 10.21) tathāgate. Tattha yathā
tathāgate sadisakappanāya āgato, evaṃ idhāpi sadisakappanāvaseneva veditabbo,
tasmā sīhānaṃvāti
sīhānaṃ iva. Sandhivasena saralopo ‘‘evaṃsa te’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.22) viya.
Tattha ivāti
nipātapadaṃ. Suṇāthāti
ākhyātapadaṃ. Itarāni nāmapadāni. Sīhānaṃvāti
ca sambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. Kāmañcettha sambandhī sarūpato na vutto, atthato pana
vuttova hoti. Yathā hi ‘‘oṭṭhasseva mukhaṃ etassā’’ti vutte oṭṭhassa mukhaṃ viya
mukhaṃ etassāti ayamattho vutto eva hoti, evamidhāpi ‘‘sīhānaṃvā’’ti vutte
sīhānaṃ nādo viyāti ayamattho vutto eva hoti. Tattha mukhasaddasannidhānaṃ
hotīti ce, idhāpi ‘‘nadantāna’’nti padasannidhānato, tasmā sīhānaṃvāti
nidassanavacanaṃ. Nadantānanti
tassa nidassitabbena sambandhadassanaṃ. Dāṭhīnanti
tabbisesanaṃ. Girigabbhareti
tassa pavattiṭṭhānadassanaṃ. Suṇāthāti
savane niyojanaṃ. Bhāvitattānanti
sotabbassa pabhavadassanaṃ. Gāthāti
sotabbavatthudassanaṃ. Atthupanāyikāti
tabbisesanaṃ. Kāmañcettha ‘‘sīhānaṃ nadantānaṃ dāṭhīna’’nti pulliṅgavasena
āgataṃ, liṅgaṃ pana parivattetvā ‘‘sīhīna’’ntiādinā itthiliṅgavasenāpi attho
veditabbo. Ekasesavasena vā sīhā ca sīhiyo ca sīhā, tesaṃ sīhānantiādinā sādhāraṇā
hetā tisso nidānagāthā theragāthānaṃ therīgāthānañcāti.
Tattha sahanato hananato ca sīho. Yathā hi sīhassa migarañño balavisesayogato
sarabhamigamattavaravāraṇāditopi parissayo nāma natthi, vātātapādiparissayampi
so sahatiyeva, gocarāya pakkamantopi tejussadatāya
mattagandhahatthivanamahiṃsādike samāgantvā abhīrū achambhī abhibhavati,
abhibhavanto ca te aññadatthu hantvā tattha mudumaṃsāni bhakkhayitvā sukheneva
viharati, evametepi mahātherā ariyabalavisesayogena sabbesampi parissayānaṃ
sahanato, rāgādisaṃkilesabalassa abhibhavitvā hananato pajahanato
tejussadabhāvena kutocipi abhīrū achambhī jhānādisukhena viharantīti sahanato
hananato ca sīhā viyāti sīhā. Saddatthato pana yathā kantanatthena
ādiantavipallāsato takkaṃ vuccati, evaṃ hiṃsanaṭṭhena sīho veditabbo. Tathā
sahanaṭṭhena. Pisodarādipakkhepena niruttinayena pana vuccamāne
vattabbameva natthi.
Atha vā yathā migarājā kesarasīho attano tejussadatāya ekacārī viharati, na
kañci sahāyaṃ paccāsīsati, evametepi tejussadatāya vivekābhiratiyā ca
ekacārinoti ekacariyaṭṭhenapi sīhā viyāti sīhā, tenāha – bhagavā
‘‘sīhaṃvekacaraṃ nāga’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.30; su. ni. 168).
Atha vā asantāsanajavaparakkamādivisesayogato
sīhā viyāti sīhā, ete mahātherā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, asaniyā phalantiyā na santasanti, katameva dve? Bhikkhu ca
khīṇāsavo sīho ca migarājā’’ti (a. ni. 2.60).
Javopi sīhassa aññehi asādhāraṇo, tathā parakkamo. Tathā hi so usabhasatampi
laṅghitvā vanamahiṃsādīsu nipatati, potakopi samāno pabhinnamadānampi
mattavaravāraṇānaṃ paṭimānaṃ bhinditvā dantakaḷīraṃva
khādati. Etesaṃ pana ariyamaggajavo iddhijavo ca aññehi asādhāraṇo,
sammappadhānaparakkamo ca niratisayo. Tasmā sīhānaṃvāti
sīhasadisānaṃ viya. Sīhassa cettha hīnūpamatā daṭṭhabbā, accantavisiṭṭhassa
sahanādiatthassa theresveva labbhanato.
Nadantānanti gajjantānaṃ.
Gocaraparakkamatuṭṭhivelādīsu hi yathā sīhā attano āsayato nikkhamitvā
vijambhitvā sīhanādaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadanti, evaṃ etepi
visayajjhattapaccavekkhaṇaudānādikālesu imaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘sīhānaṃva nadantāna’’nti. Dāṭhīnanti
dāṭhāvantānaṃ. Pasaṭṭhadāṭhīnaṃ, atisayadāṭhānanti vā attho. Yathā hi sīhā
ativiya daḷhānaṃ tikkhānañca catunnaṃ dāṭhānaṃ balena paṭipakkhaṃ abhibhavitvā
attano manorathaṃ matthakaṃ pūrenti, evametepi catunnaṃ ariyamaggadāṭhānaṃ
balena anādimati saṃsāre anabhibhūtapubbapaṭipakkhaṃ abhibhavitvā
attano manorathaṃ matthakaṃ pāpesuṃ. Idhāpi dāṭhā viyāti dāṭhāti
sadisakappanāvaseneva attho veditabbo.
Girigabbhareti
pabbataguhāyaṃ, samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ. ‘‘Girigavhare’’ti keci paṭhanti.
Pabbatesu vanagahane vanasaṇḍeti attho. Idaṃ pana nesaṃ
virocanaṭṭhānadassanañceva sīhanādassa yogyabhūmidassanañca. Nadantānaṃ
girigabbhareti yojanā. Yathā hi sīhā yebhuyyena girigabbhare aññehi durāsadatāya
janavivitte vasantā attano dassanena uppajjanakassa khuddakamigasantāsassa
pariharaṇatthaṃ gocaragamane sīhanādaṃ nadanti, evametepi aññehi
durāsadagirigabbharasadiseva suññāgārevasantā guṇehi khuddakānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ
taṇhādiṭṭhiparittāsaparivajjanatthaṃ vakkhamānagāthāsaṅkhātaṃ abhītanādaṃ
nadiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sīhānaṃva nadantānaṃ, dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare’’ti.
Suṇāthāti savanāṇattikavacanaṃ,
tena vakkhamānānaṃ gāthānaṃ sannipatitāya parisāya sotukāmataṃ uppādento savane
ādaraṃ janeti, ussāhaṃ samuṭṭhāpento gāravaṃ bahumānañca upaṭṭhapeti. Atha vā
‘‘sīhāna’’ntiādīnaṃ padānaṃ sadisakappanāya
vinā mukhyavaseneva attho veditabbo. Tasmā daḷhatikkhabhāvena
pasaṭṭhātisayadāṭhatāya dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare nadantānaṃ sīhagajjitaṃ
gajjantānaṃ sīhānaṃ migarājūnaṃ viya tesaṃ abhītanādasadisā gāthā suṇāthāti
attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘yathā sīhanādaṃ nadantānaṃ sīhānaṃ migarājūnaṃ
kutocipi bhayābhāvato so abhītanādo tadaññamigasantāsakaro, evaṃ bhāvitattānaṃ
appamattānaṃ therānaṃ sīhanādasadisiyo sabbaso bhayahetūnaṃ suppahīnattā
abhītanādabhūtā, pamattajanasantāsakarā gāthā suṇāthā’’ti.
Bhāvitattānanti
bhāvitacittānaṃ. Cittañhi ‘‘attā hi kira duddamo (dha. pa. 159) yo ve ṭhitatto
tasaraṃva ujjū’’ti (su. ni. 217) ca ‘‘attasammāpaṇidhī’’ti (khu.
pā. 5.4; su. ni. 263) ca evamādīsu attāti vuccati, tasmā adhicittānuyogena
samathavipassanābhivaḍḍhitacittānaṃ samathavipassanābhāvanāmatthakaṃ pāpetvā
ṭhitānanti attho. Atha vā bhāvitattānanti
bhāvitasabhāvānaṃ, sabhāvabhūtasīlādibhāvitānanti attho. Gīyatīti gāthā, anuṭṭhubhādivasena
isīhi pavattitaṃ catuppadaṃ chappadaṃ vā vacanaṃ. Aññesampi taṃsadisatāya tathā
vuccanti. Attatthādibhede atthe upanenti tesu vā upaniyyantīti atthūpanāyikā.
Atha vā bhāvitattānanti
bhāvitattābhāvānaṃ, attabhāvo hi āhito ahaṃ māno etthāti ‘‘attā’’ti vuccati, so
ca tehi appamādabhāvanāya anavajjabhāvanāya bhāvito sammadeva guṇagandhaṃ
gāhāpito. Tena tesaṃ kāyabhāvanā sīlabhāvanā cittabhāvanā paññābhāvanāti
catunnampi bhāvanānaṃ paripuṇṇabhāvaṃ dasseti. ‘‘Bhāvanā’’ti ca sambodhipaṭipadā
idhādhippetā. Yāyaṃ saccasambodhi atthi, sā duvidhā abhisamayato tadatthato ca.
Sambodhi pana tividhā sammāsambodhi paccekasambodhi sāvakasambodhīti. Tattha
sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ bujjhanato bodhanato ca sammāsambodhi.
Sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ
‘‘sammāsambodhī’’ti vuccati. Tenāha –
‘‘Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako
pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ
patto balesu ca vasībhāva’’nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa
97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).
Bodhaneyyabodhanattho hi balesu vasībhāvo.
Paccekaṃ sayameva bodhīti paccekasambodhi, ananubuddho sayambhūñāṇena
saccābhisamayoti attho. Sammāsambuddhānañhi sayambhūñāṇatāya sayameva
pavattamānopi saccābhisamayo sānubuddho aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ saccābhisamayassa
hetubhāvato. Imesaṃ pana so ekassāpi sattassa saccābhisamayahetu na hoti. Satthu
dhammadesanāya savanante jātāti sāvakā. Sāvakānaṃ saccābhisamayo sāvakasambodhi.
Tividhāpesā tiṇṇaṃ bodhisattānaṃ yathāsakaṃ
āgamanīyapaṭipadāya matthakappattiyā satipaṭṭhānādīnaṃ sattatiṃsāya
bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ bhāvanāpāripūrīti veditabbā itarābhisamayānaṃ
tadavinābhāvato. Na hi sacchikiriyābhisamayena vinā bhāvanābhisamayo sambhavati,
sati ca bhāvanābhisamaye pahānābhisamayo pariññābhisamayo ca siddhoyeva hotīti.
Yadā hi mahābodhisatto paripūritabodhisambhāro carimabhave katapubbakicco
bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha – ‘‘na tāvimaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi, yāva na me anupādāya
āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccissatī’’ti paṭiññaṃ katvā aparājitapallaṅke nisinno
asampattāya eva sañjhāvelāya mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā purimayāme
pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena anekākāravokāre pubbe nivutthakkhandhe anussaritvā
majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuvisodhanena cutūpapātañāṇaanāgataṃsañāṇāni adhigantvā
pacchimayāme ‘‘kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati
ca upapajjati ca, atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṃ nappajānāti
jarāmaraṇassā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.57) jarāmaraṇato paṭṭhāya
paṭiccasamuppādamukhena vipassanaṃ abhinivisitvā mahāgahanaṃ chindituṃ
nisadasilāyaṃ pharasuṃ nisento viya kilesagahanaṃ chindituṃ lokanātho
ñāṇapharasuṃ tejento buddhabhāvāya hetusampattiyā paripākaṃ
gatattā sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamāya vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpento antarantarā
nānāsamāpattiyo samāpajjitvā yathāvavatthāpite nāmarūpe tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā
anupadadhammavipassanāvasena anekākāravokārasaṅkhāre sammasanto
chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena sammasanavāraṃ vitthāretvā tattha
mahāvajirañāṇasaṅkhāte vipassanāñāṇe tikkhe sūre pasanne vuṭṭhānagāminibhāvena
pavattamāne yadā taṃ maggena ghaṭeti, tadā maggapaṭipāṭiyā
diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ khepento aggamaggakkhaṇe sammāsambodhiṃ adhigacchati
nāma, aggaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya adhigato
nāma. Sammāsambuddhabhāvato dasabalacatuvesārajjādayopi tassa tadā
hatthagatāyeva hontīti ayaṃ tāva abhisamayato sammāsambodhipaṭipadā. Tadatthato
pana mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva tusitabhavane nibbatti, etthantare pavattaṃ
bodhisambhārasambharaṇaṃ. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ sabbākārasampannaṃ
cariyāpiṭakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ.
Paccekabodhisattāpi paccekabodhiyā
katābhinīhārā anupubbena sambhatapaccekasambodhisambhārā tādise kāle
carimattabhāve ṭhitā ñāṇassa paripākagatabhāvena upaṭṭhitaṃ saṃveganimittaṃ
gahetvā savisesaṃ bhavādīsu ādīnavaṃ disvā sayambhūñāṇena pavatti pavattihetuṃ
nivatti nivattihetuñca paricchinditvā ‘‘so ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yoniso manasi
karotī’’tiādinā āgatanayena catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ paribrūhentā attano
abhinīhārānurūpaṃ saṅkhāre parimaddantā anukkamena vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
maggapaṭipāṭiyā aggamaggaṃ adhigacchantā paccekasambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanti nāma,
aggaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya paccekasambuddhā nāma hutvā sadevakassa lokassa
aggadakkhiṇeyyā honti.
Sāvakā pana satthu sabrahmacārino vā catusaccakammaṭṭhānakathaṃ sutvā tasmiṃyeva
khaṇe kālantare vā tajjaṃ paṭipattiṃ anutiṭṭhantā ghaṭentā vāyamantā vipassanaṃ
ussukkāpetvā, yadi vā paṭipadāya vaḍḍhantiyā, saccāni paṭivijjhantā attano
abhinīhārānurūpasiddhiaggasāvakabhūmiyā vā kevalaṃ vā aggamaggakkhaṇe
sāvakasambodhiṃ adhigacchanti nāma. Tato paraṃ sāvakabuddhā nāma honti sadevake
loke aggadakkhiṇeyyā. Evaṃ tāva abhisamayato paccekasambodhi sāvakasambodhi ca
veditabbā.
Tadatthato pana yathā mahābodhisattānaṃ heṭṭhimaparicchedena cattāri
asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ satasahassañca bodhisambhārasambharaṇaṃ icchitabbaṃ
majjhimaparicchedena aṭṭha asaṅkhyeyyāni
kappānaṃ satasahassañca, uparimaparicchedena soḷasa asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ
satasahassañca ete ca bhedā paññādhikasaddhādhikavīriyādhikavasena veditabbā.
Paññādhikānañhi saddhā mandā hoti paññā tikkhā, tato ca upāyakosallassa
visadanipuṇabhāvena nacirasseva pāramiyo pāripūriṃ gacchanti. Saddhādhikānaṃ
paññā majjhimā hotīti tesaṃ nātisīghaṃ nātisaṇikaṃ pāramiyo pāripūriṃ gacchanti.
Vīriyādhikānaṃ pana paññā mandā hotīti tesaṃ cireneva pāramiyo pāripūriṃ
gacchanti. Na evaṃ paccekabodhisattānaṃ. Tesañhi satipi paññādhikabhāve dve
asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ satasahassañca bodhisambhārasambharaṇaṃ icchitabbaṃ, na
tato oraṃ. Saddhādhikavīriyādhikāpi vuttaparicchedato paraṃ katipaye eva kappe
atikkamitvā paccekasambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanti, na tatiyaṃ asaṅkhyeyyanti.
Sāvakabodhisattānaṃ pana yesaṃ aggasāvakabhāvāya abhinīhāro, tesaṃ ekaṃ
asaṅkhyeyyaṃ kappānaṃ satasahassañca sambhārasambharaṇaṃ icchitabbaṃ. Yesaṃ
mahāsāvakabhāvāya, tesaṃ kappānaṃ satasahassameva, tathā buddhassa mātāpitūnaṃ
upaṭṭhākassa puttassa ca. Tattha yathā –
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu
satthāradassanaṃ;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
Aṭṭhadhammasamohānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
Evaṃ vutte aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā katapaṇidhānānaṃ mahābodhisattānaṃ
mahābhinīhārato pabhuti savisesaṃ dānādīsu yuttappayuttānaṃ divase divase
vessantaradānasadisaṃ mahādānaṃ dentānaṃ tadanurūpasīlādike sabbapāramidhamme
ācinantānampi yathāvuttakālaparicchedaṃ asampatvā antarā eva buddhabhāvappatti
nāma natthi. Kasmā? Ñāṇassa aparipaccanato. Paricchinnakāle nipphāditaṃ viya hi
sassaṃ buddhañāṇaṃ yathāparicchinnakālavaseneva vuddhiṃ viruḷhiṃ vepullaṃ
āpajjantaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhantaṃ paripākaṃ
gacchatīti evaṃ –
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, vigatāsavadassanaṃ;
Adhikāro chandatā ete, abhinīhārakāraṇā’’ti. (su. ni. aṭṭha.
1.khaggavisāṇasuttavaṇṇanā) –
Ime pañca dhamme samodhānetvā katābhinīhārānaṃ paccekabodhisattānaṃ ‘‘adhikāro
chandatā’’ti dvaṅgasamannāgatāya patthanāya vasena katapaṇidhānānaṃ
sāvakabodhisattānañca tattha tattha vuttakālaparicchedaṃ asampatvā antarā eva
paccekasambodhiyā yathāvuttasāvakasambodhiyā ca adhigamo natthi. Kasmā? Ñāṇassa
aparipaccanato. Imesampi hi yathā mahābodhisattānaṃ dānādipāramīhi paribrūhitā
paññāpāramī anukkamena gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī buddhañāṇaṃ
paripūreti, evaṃ dānādīhi paribrūhitā anupubbena yathārahaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī
paripākaṃ gacchantī paccekabodhiñāṇaṃ sāvakabodhiñāṇañca paripūreti.
Dānaparicayena hete tattha tattha bhave alobhajjhāsayatāya sabbattha
asaṅgamānasā anapekkhacittā hutvā, sīlaparicayena susaṃvutakāyavācatāya
suparisuddhakāyavacīkammantā parisuddhājīvā indriyesu guttadvārā bhojane
mattaññuno hutvā jāgariyānuyogena cittaṃ samādahanti, svāyaṃ tesaṃ
jāgariyānuyogo gatapaccāgatikavattavasena veditabbo.
Evaṃ pana paṭipajjantānaṃ adhikārasampattiyā appakasireneva aṭṭha samāpattiyo
pañcābhiññā chaḷabhiññā adhiṭṭhānabhūtā pubbabhāgavipassanā ca hatthagatāyeva
honti. Vīriyādayo pana tadantogadhā eva. Yañhi paccekabodhiyā sāvakabodhiyā vā
atthāya dānādipuññasambharaṇe abbhussahanaṃ, idaṃ vīriyaṃ. Yaṃ tadanuparodhassa
sahanaṃ, ayaṃ khanti. Yaṃ dānasīlādisamādānāvisaṃvādanaṃ, idaṃ saccaṃ.
Sabbatthameva acalasamādhānādhiṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ .
Yā dānasīlādīnaṃ pavattiṭṭhānabhūtesu sattesu hitesitā, ayaṃ mettā. Yaṃ sattānaṃ
katavippakāresu ajjhupekkhanaṃ, ayaṃ upekkhāti.
Evaṃ dānasīlabhāvanāsu sīlasamādhipaññāsu ca
sijjhamānāsu vīriyādayo siddhā eva honti. Sāyeva paccekabodhiatthāya
sāvakabodhiatthāya ca dānādipaṭipadā tesaṃ bodhisattānaṃ santānassa bhāvanato
paribhāvanato bhāvanā nāma. Visesato dānasīlādīhi svābhisaṅkhate santāne pavattā
samathavipassanāpaṭipadā, yato te bodhisattā pubbayogāvacarasamudāgamasampannā
honti. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘Pañcime, ānanda, ānisaṃsā pubbayogāvacare. Katame pañca? Idhānanda,
pubbayogāvacaro diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti, no ce diṭṭheva dhamme
paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti, atha maraṇakāle aññaṃ ārādheti, atha devaputto samāno
aññaṃ ārādheti, atha buddhānaṃ sammukhībhāve khippābhiñño hoti, atha pacchime
kāle paccekasambuddho hotī’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.khaggavisāṇasuttavaṇṇanā).
Iti pubbabhāgapaṭipadābhūtāya pāramitāparibhāvitāya samathavipassanābhāvanāya
nirodhagāminipaṭipadābhūtāya abhisamayasaṅkhātāya maggabhāvanāya ca
bhāvitattabhāvā buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakā bhāvitattā nāma. Tesu idha
buddhasāvakā adhippetā.
Ettha ca ‘‘sīhānaṃvā’’ti iminā therānaṃ sīhasamānavuttitādassanena attano
paṭipakkhehi anabhibhavanīyataṃ, te ca abhibhuyya pavattiṃ dasseti. ‘‘Sīhānaṃva
nadantānaṃ…pe… gāthā’’ti iminā theragāthānaṃ sīhanādasadisatādassanena tāsaṃ
paravādehi anabhibhavanīyataṃ, te ca abhibhavitvā pavattiṃ dasseti.
‘‘Bhāvitattāna’’nti iminā tadubhayassa kāraṇaṃ vibhāveti. Bhāvitattabhāvena
therā idha sīhasadisā vuttā, tesañca gāthā sīhanādasadisiyo. ‘‘Atthūpanāyikā’’ti
iminā abhibhavane payojanaṃ dasseti. Tattha therānaṃ paṭipakkho nāma
saṃkilesadhammo, tadabhibhavo tadaṅgivikkhambhanappahānehi saddhiṃ
samucchedappahānaṃ. Tasmiṃ sati paṭipassaddhīppahānaṃ nissaraṇappahānañca
siddhameva hoti, yato te bhāvitattāti vuccanti.
Maggakkhaṇe hi ariyā appamādabhāvanaṃ bhāventi nāma, aggaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya
bhāvitattā nāmāti vuttovāyamattho.
Tesu tadaṅgappahānena nesaṃ sīlasampadā dassitā, vikkhambhanappahānena
samādhisampadā, samucchedappahānena paññāsampadā, itarena tāsaṃ phalaṃ dassitaṃ.
Sīlena ca tesaṃ paṭipattiyā ādikalyāṇatā dassitā,
‘‘ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ’’ (saṃ. ni. 5.369), ‘‘sīle
patiṭṭhāya’’ (saṃ. ni. 1.23; visuddhi. 1.1), ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti (dha.
pa. 183; dī. ni. 2.90) ca vacanato sīlaṃ paṭipattiyā ādikalyāṇaṃva
avippaṭisārādiguṇāvahattā. Samādhinā majjhekalyāṇatā dassitā, ‘‘cittaṃ
bhāvayaṃ’’, ‘‘kusalassa upasampadā’’ti ca vacanato samādhipaṭipattiyā
majjhekalyāṇova, iddhividhādiguṇāvahattā. Paññāya pariyosānakalyāṇatā dassitā,
‘‘sacittapariyodapanaṃ’’ (dha. pa. 183; dī. ni. 2.90), ‘‘paññaṃ bhāvaya’’nti
(saṃ. ni. 1.23; visuddhi. 1.1) ca vacanato paññā paṭipattiyā pariyosānaṃva,
paññuttarato kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sāva kalyāṇā iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu tādibhāvāvahattā.
‘‘Selo yathā ekaghano, vātena na samīrati; (Mahāva. 244);
Evaṃ nindāpasaṃsāsu, na samiñjanti paṇḍitā’’ti. (dha. pa. 81) –
Hi vuttaṃ.
Tathā sīlasampadāya tevijjabhāvo dassito. Sīlasampattiñhi nissāya tisso vijjā
pāpuṇanti. Samādhisampadāya chaḷabhiññābhāvo. Samādhisampattiñhi nissāya
chaḷabhiññā pāpuṇanti. Paññāsampadāya pabhinnapaṭisambhidābhāvo. Paññāsampadañhi
nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇanti. Iminā tesaṃ therānaṃ keci tevijjā, keci
chaḷabhiññā, keci paṭisambhidāpattāti ayamattho dassitoti veditabbaṃ.
Tathā sīlasampadāya tesaṃ kāmasukhānuyogasaṅkhātassa antassa parivajjanaṃ
dasseti. Samādhisampadāya attakilamathānuyogasaṅkhātassa, paññāsampadāya
majjhimāya paṭipadāya sevanaṃ dasseti. Tathā sīlasampadāya tesaṃ
vītikkamappahānaṃ kilesānaṃ dasseti. Samādhisampadāya pariyuṭṭhānappahānaṃ ,
paññāsampadāya anusayappahānaṃ dasseti. Sīlasampadāya vā
duccaritasaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ, samādhisampadāya taṇhāsaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ,
paññāsampadāya diṭṭhisaṃkilesavisodhanaṃ dasseti. Tadaṅgappahānena vā nesaṃ
apāyasamatikkamo dassito. Vikkhambhanappahānena kāmadhātusamatikkamo,
samucchedappahānena sabbabhavasamatikkamo dassitoti veditabbaṃ.
‘‘Bhāvitattāna’’nti vā ettha sīlabhāvanā, cittabhāvanā paññābhāvanāti tisso
bhāvanā veditabbā kāyabhāvanāya tadantogadhattā. Sīlabhāvanā ca paṭipattiyā
ādīti sabbaṃ purimasadisaṃ . Yathā pana
sīhanādaṃ pare migagaṇā na sahanti, kuto abhibhave, aññadatthu sīhanādova te
abhibhavati evameva aññatitthiyavādā therānaṃ vāde na sahanti, kuto abhibhave,
aññadatthu theravādāva te abhibhavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā,
sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā, sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti (dha. pa. 277-279)
‘‘nibbānadhātū’’ti ca pavattanato. Na hi dhammato sakkā kenaci aññathā kātuṃ
appaṭivattanīyato. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ parato āvibhavissati. Evamettha
saṅkhepeneva paṭhamagāthāya atthavibhāvanā veditabbā.
Dutiyagāthāyaṃ pana ayaṃ sambandhadassanamukhena atthavibhāvanā. Tattha yesaṃ
therānaṃ gāthā sāvetukāmo, te sādhāraṇavasena nāmato gottato guṇato ca kittetuṃ
‘‘yathānāmā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Asādhāraṇato pana tattha tattha gāthāsveva
āvibhavissati. Tattha yathānāmāti
yaṃyaṃnāmā, subhūti mahākoṭṭhikotiādinā nayena nāmadheyyena paññātāti attho. Yathāgottāti
yaṃyaṃgottā, gotamo kassapotiādinā nayena kulapadesena yāya yāya jātiyā
paññātāti attho. Yathādhammavihārinoti
yādisadhammavihārino, pariyattiparamatāyaṃ aṭṭhatvā yathānurūpaṃ
samāpattivihārino hutvā vihariṃsūti attho. Atha vā yathādhammavihārinoti
yathādhammā vihārino ca, yādisasīlādidhammā dibbavihārādīsu abhiṇhaso viharamānā
yādisavihārā cāti attho. Yathādhimuttāti
yādisaadhimuttikā saddhādhimuttipaññādhimuttīsu yaṃyaṃadhimuttikā
suññatamukhādīsu vā yathā yathā nibbānaṃ adhimuttāti yathādhimuttā. ‘‘Nibbānaṃ adhimuttānaṃ,
atthaṃ gacchanti āsavā’’ti (dha. pa. 226) hi vuttaṃ. Ubhayañcetaṃ
pubbabhāgavasena veditabbaṃ. Arahattappattito pubbeyeva hi
yathāvuttamadhimuccanaṃ, na parato. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘Assaddho akataññū ca, sandhicchedo ca yo naro’’tiādi. (dha. pa. 97).
‘‘Yathāvimuttā’’ti vā pāṭho, paññāvimuttiubhatobhāgavimuttīsu yaṃyaṃvimuttikāti
attho. Sappaññāti
tihetukapaṭisandhipaññāya pārihārikapaññāya bhāvanāpaññāya cāti tividhāyapi
paññāya paññavanto. Vihariṃsūti
tāya eva sappaññatāya yathāladdhena phāsuvihāreneva vasiṃsu. Atanditāti
analasā, attahitapaṭipattiyaṃ yathābalaṃ parahitapaṭipattiyañca uṭṭhānavantoti
attho.
Ettha ca pana nāmagottaggahaṇena tesaṃ therānaṃ pakāsapaññātabhāvaṃ dasseti.
Dhammavihāraggahaṇena sīlasampadaṃ samādhisampadañca dasseti. ‘‘Yathādhimuttā
sappaññā’’ti iminā paññāsampadaṃ .
‘‘Atanditā’’ti iminā sīlasampadādīnaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ vīriyasampadaṃ dasseti.
‘‘Yathānāmā’’ti iminā tesaṃ pakāsananāmataṃ dasseti. ‘‘Yathāgottā’’ti iminā
saddhānusārīdhammānusārīgottasampattisamudāgamaṃ, ‘‘yathādhammavihārino’’tiādinā
sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ sampattisamudāgamaṃ, ‘‘atanditā’’ti
iminā evaṃ attahitasampattiyaṃ ṭhitānaṃ parahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti.
Atha vā ‘‘yathānāmā’’ti idaṃ tesaṃ therānaṃ garūhi gahitanāmadheyyadassanaṃ
samaññāmattakittanato. ‘‘Yathāgottā’’ti idaṃ kulaputtabhāvadassanaṃ kulāpadesa
kittanato. Tena nesaṃ saddhāpabbajitabhāvaṃ dasseti .
‘‘Yathādhammavihārino’’ti idaṃ caraṇasampattidassanaṃ sīlasaṃvarādīhi
samaṅgībhāvadīpanato . ‘‘Yathādhimuttā
sappaññā’’ti idaṃ nesaṃ vijjāsampattidassanaṃ āsavakkhayapariyosānāya
ñāṇasampattiyā adhigamaparidīpanato. ‘‘Atanditā’’ti idaṃ vijjācaraṇasampattīnaṃ
adhigamūpāyadassanaṃ. ‘‘Yathānāmā’’ti vā iminā tesaṃ pakāsananāmataṃyeva
dasseti. ‘‘Yathāgottā’’ti pana iminā pacchimacakkadvayasampattiṃ dasseti. Na hi
sammāappaṇihitattano pubbe ca akatapuññassa saddhānusārīdhammānusārino
gottasampattisamudāgamo sambhavati. ‘‘Yathādhammavihārino’’ti iminā tesaṃ
purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ dasseti. Na hi appatirūpe dese vasato
sappurisūpanissayarahitassa ca tādisā guṇavisesā sambhavanti.
‘‘Yathādhimuttā’’ti iminā saddhammasavanasampadāsamāyogaṃ dasseti. Na hi
paratoghosena vinā sāvakānaṃ saccasampaṭivedho sambhavati. ‘‘Sappaññā
atanditā’’ti iminā yathāvuttassa guṇavisesassa abyabhicārihetuṃ dasseti
ñāyārambhadassanato.
Aparo nayo – ‘‘yathāgottā’’ti ettha gottakittanena tesaṃ therānaṃ
yonisomanasikārasampadaṃ dasseti yathāvuttagottasampannassa
yonisomanasikārasambhavato. ‘‘Yathādhammavihārino’’ti ettha
dhammavihāraggahaṇena saddhammasavanasampadaṃ dasseti saddhammasavanena vinā
tadabhāvato. ‘‘Yathādhimuttā’’ti iminā matthakappattaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ
dasseti. ‘‘Sappaññā’’ti iminā sabbattha sampajānakāritaṃ. ‘‘Atanditā’’ti iminā
vuttanayena attahitasampattiṃ paripūretvā ṭhitānaṃ paresaṃ hitasukhāvahāya
paṭipattiyaṃ akilāsubhāvaṃ dasseti. Tathā ‘‘yathāgottā’’ti iminā nesaṃ
saraṇagamanasampadā dassitā saddhānusārīgottakittanato.
‘‘Yathādhammavihārino’’ti iminā sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito.
‘‘Yathādhimuttā sappaññā’’ti iminā paññakkhandhādayo. Saraṇagamanañca
sāvakaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti
ādimajjhapariyosānadassanena sabbepi sāvakaguṇā
dassitā honti.
Īdisī pana guṇavibhūti yāya sammāpaṭipattiyā
tehi adhigatā, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha
tattha vipassitvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha
tatthāti tesu tesu araññarukkhamūlapabbatādīsu
vivittasenāsanesu. Tattha tatthāti vā tasmiṃ tasmiṃ udānādikāle. Vipassitvāti
sampassitvā. Nāmarūpavavatthāpanapaccayapariggahehi
diṭṭhivisuddhikaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiyo sampādetvā kalāpasammasanādikkamena
pañcamaṃ visuddhiṃ adhigantvā paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhiyā matthakaṃ
pāpanavasena vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā phusitvāti
patvā sacchikatvā. Accutaṃ
padanti nibbānaṃ. Tañhi sayaṃ acavanadhammattā adhigatānaṃ
accutihetubhāvato ca natthi ettha cutīti ‘‘accutaṃ’’. Saṅkhatadhammehi
asammissabhāvatāya tadatthikehi paṭipajjitabbatāya ca ‘‘pada’’nti ca vuccati. Katantanti
katassa antaṃ. Yo hi tehi adhigato ariyamaggo, so attano paccayehi uppāditattā
kato nāma. Tassa pana pariyosānabhūtaṃ phalaṃ katantoti adhippetaṃ. Taṃ katantaṃ
aggaphalaṃ. Atha vā paccayehi katattā nipphāditattā katā nāma saṅkhatadhammā,
tannissaraṇabhāvato katanto nibbānaṃ. Taṃ katantaṃ. Paccavekkhantāti
‘‘adhigataṃ vata mayā ariyamaggādhigamena idaṃ ariyaphalaṃ, adhigatā asaṅkhatā
dhātū’’ti ariyaphalanibbānāni vimuttiñāṇadassanena paṭipattiṃ avekkhamānā. Atha
vā saccasampaṭivedhavasena yaṃ ariyena karaṇīyaṃ pariññādisoḷasavidhaṃ kiccaṃ
aggaphale ṭhitena nipphāditattā pariyosāpitattā kataṃ nāma, evaṃ kataṃ taṃ
paccavekkhantā. Etena pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Purimanayena pana
itarapaccavekkhaṇānīti ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇāni dassitāni honti.
Imamatthanti ettha imanti
sakalo theratherīgāthānaṃ attho attano itaresañca tattha sannipatitānaṃ
dhammasaṅgāhakamahātherānaṃ buddhiyaṃ viparivattamānatāya āsanno paccakkhoti ca
katvā vuttaṃ. Atthanti
‘‘channā me kuṭikā’’tiādīhi gāthāhi
vuccamānaṃ attūpanāyikaṃ parūpanāyikaṃ lokiyalokuttarapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ atthaṃ. Abhāsisunti
gāthābandhavasena kathesuṃ, taṃdīpaniyo idāni mayā vuccamānā tesaṃ bhāvitattānaṃ
gāthā attūpanāyikā suṇāthāti yojanā. Te ca mahātherā evaṃ kathentā attano
sammāpaṭipattipakāsanīhi gāthāhi sāsanassa ekantaniyyānikavibhāvanena parepi
tattha sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojentīti etamatthaṃ dīpeti āyasmā
dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko, tathā dīpento ca imāhi gāthāhi tesaṃ thomanaṃ tāsañca tesaṃ
vacanassa nidānabhāvena ṭhapanaṃ ṭhānagatamevāti dassetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Nidānagāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
1. Ekakanipāto
1. Paṭhamavaggo
1. Subhūtittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Idāni channāme
kuṭikātiādinayappavattānaṃ theragāthānaṃ atthavaṇṇanā hoti. Sā panāyaṃ
atthavaṇṇanā yasmā tāsaṃ tāsaṃ gāthānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ pakāsetvā vuccamānā pākaṭā
hoti suviññeyyā ca. Tasmā tattha tattha aṭṭhuppattiṃ pakāsetvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ
karissāmāti.
Tattha channā me
kuṭikātigāthāya kā uppatti? Vuccate – ito kira kappasatasahassamatthake
anuppanneyeva padumuttare bhagavati lokanāthe haṃsavatīnāmake nagare aññatarassa
brāhmaṇamahāsālassa eko putto uppajji. Tassa ‘‘nandamāṇavo’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So
vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto attano parivārabhūtehi
catucattālīsāya māṇavakasahassehi saddhiṃ pabbatapāde isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca ca abhiññāyo nibbattesi. Antevāsikānampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ
ācikkhi. Tepi na cireneva jhānalābhino ahesuṃ.
Tena ca samayena padumuttaro bhagavā loke
uppajjitvā haṃsavatīnagaraṃ upanissāya viharanto ekadivasaṃ paccūsasamaye lokaṃ
volokento nandatāpasassa antevāsikajaṭilānaṃ arahattūpanissayaṃ nandatāpasassa
ca dvīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa sāvakaṭṭhānantarassa patthanaṃ disvā pātova
sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā pubbaṇhasamaye pattacīvaramādāya aññaṃ kañci
anāmantetvā sīho viya ekacaro nandatāpasassa antevāsikesu phalāphalatthāya
gatesu ‘‘buddhabhāvaṃ me jānātū’’ti passantasseva nandatāpasassa ākāsato
otaritvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi. Nandatāpaso buddhānubhāvañceva
lakkhaṇapāripūriñca disvā lakkhaṇamante sammasitvā ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi
samannāgato nāma agāraṃ ajjhāvasanto rājā hoti cakkavattī, pabbajanto loke vivaṭacchado
sabbaññū buddho hoti. Ayaṃ purisājānīyo nissaṃsayaṃ buddhoti ñatvā paccuggamanaṃ
katvā, pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, āsanaṃ paññāpetvā, adāsi. Nisīdi bhagavā
paññatte āsane. Nandatāpasopi attano anucchavikaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ
nisīdi.
Tasmiṃ samaye catucattālīsasahassajaṭilā paṇītapaṇītāni ojavantāni phalāphalāni
gahetvā ācariyassa santikaṃ sampattā buddhānañceva ācariyassa ca nisinnāsanaṃ
olokentā āhaṃsu – ‘‘ācariya, mayaṃ ‘imasmiṃ loke tumhehi mahantataro natthī’ti
vicarāma, ayaṃ pana puriso tumhehi mahantataro maññe’’ti. Nandatāpaso, ‘‘tātā,
kiṃ vadetha, sāsapena saddhiṃ aṭṭhasaṭṭhisatasahassayojanubbedhaṃ sineruṃ
upametuṃ icchatha, sabbaññubuddhena saddhiṃ mā maṃ upamitthā’’ti āha. Atha te
tāpasā ‘‘sace ayaṃ orako abhavissa, na amhākaṃ ācariyo evaṃ upamaṃ āhareyya,
yāva mahā vatāyaṃ purisājānīyo’’ti pādesu nipatitvā sirasā vandiṃsu. Atha te
ācariyo āha – ‘‘tātā, amhākaṃ buddhānaṃ anucchaviko deyyadhammo natthi, bhagavā
ca bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ idhāgato, tasmā mayaṃ yathābalaṃ deyyadhammaṃ dassāma,
tumhe yaṃ yaṃ paṇītaṃ phalāphalaṃ ānītaṃ, taṃ taṃ āharathā’’ti vatvā āharāpetvā
hatthe dhovitvā sayaṃ tathāgatassa patte patiṭṭhāpesi. Satthārā phalāphale
paṭiggahitamatte devatā dibbojaṃ pakkhipiṃsu. Tāpaso udakampi sayameva
parissāvetvā adāsi. Tato bhojanakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā nisinne satthari sabbe
antevāsike pakkositvā satthu santike sāraṇīyaṃ kathaṃ kathento nisīdi. Satthā
‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Bhikkhū satthu cittaṃ ñatvā
satasahassamattā khīṇāsavā āgantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu.
Nandatāpaso antevāsike āmantesi – ‘‘tātā, buddhānaṃ nisinnāsanampi nīcaṃ,
samaṇasatasahassassapi āsanaṃ natthi, tumhehi ajja uḷāraṃ bhagavato
bhikkhusaṅghassa ca sakkāraṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati ,
pabbatapādato vaṇṇagandhasampannāni pupphāni āharathā’’ti. Acinteyyattā
iddhivisayassa muhutteneva vaṇṇagandhasampannāni pupphāni āharitvā buddhānaṃ
yojanappamāṇaṃ pupphāsanaṃ paññāpesuṃ. Aggasāvakānaṃ tigāvutaṃ, sesabhikkhūnaṃ
aḍḍhayojanikādibhedaṃ, saṅghanavakassa usabhamattaṃ ahosi. Evaṃ paññattesu
āsanesu nandatāpaso tathāgatassa purato añjaliṃ paggayha ṭhito, ‘‘bhante, mayhaṃ
dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya imaṃ pupphāsanaṃ abhiruhathā’’ti āha. Nisīdi bhagavā
pupphāsane. Evaṃ nisinne satthari satthu ākāraṃ ñatvā bhikkhū attano attano
pattāsane nisīdiṃsu. Nandatāpaso mahantaṃ pupphachattaṃ gahetvā tathāgatassa
matthake dhārento aṭṭhāsi. Satthā ‘‘tāpasānaṃ ayaṃ sakkāro mahapphalo hotū’’ti nirodhasamāpattiṃ
samāpajji. Satthu samāpannabhāvaṃ ñatvā bhikkhūpi samāpajjiṃsu. Tathāgate
sattāhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne antevāsikā bhikkhācārakāle sampatte
vanamūlaphalāphalaṃ paribhuñjitvā sesakāle buddhānaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha tiṭṭhanti.
Nandatāpaso pana bhikkhācārampi agantvā pupphachattaṃ dhārento sattāhaṃ
pītisukheneva vītināmeti.
Satthā nirodhato vuṭṭhāya araṇavihāriaṅgena dakkhiṇeyyaṅgena cāti dvīhi aṅgehi
samannāgataṃ ekaṃ sāvakaṃ ‘‘isigaṇassa pupphāsanānumodanaṃ karohī’’ti āṇāpesi.
So cakkavattirañño santikā paṭiladdhamahālābho mahāyodho viya tuṭṭhamānaso
attano visaye ṭhatvā tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ
sammasitvā anumodanaṃ akāsi. Tassa desanāvasāne satthā sayaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.
Desanāpariyosāne sabbe catucattālīsasahassatāpasā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Satthā
‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Tesaṃ tāvadeva kesamassu antaradhāyi.
Aṭṭha parikkhārā kāye paṭimukkāva ahesuṃ saṭṭhivassattherā viya satthāraṃ
parivārayiṃsu. Nandatāpaso pana vikkhittacittatāya visesaṃ nādhigacchi. Tassa kira
araṇavihārittherassa santike dhammaṃ sotuṃ āraddhakālato paṭṭhāya ‘‘aho
vatāhampi anāgate uppajjanakabuddhassa sāsane iminā sāvakena laddhadhuraṃ
labheyya’’nti cittaṃ udapādi. So tena parivitakkena maggaphalapaṭivedhaṃ kātuṃ
nāsakkhi. Tathāgataṃ pana vanditvā sammukhe ṭhatvā āha – ‘‘bhante, yena
bhikkhunā isigaṇassa pupphāsanānumodanā katā, ko nāmāyaṃ tumhākaṃ sāsane’’ti.
‘‘Araṇavihāriaṅge dakkhiṇeyyaaṅge ca etadaggaṃ patto eso bhikkhū’’ti. ‘‘Bhante,
yvāyaṃ mayā sattāhaṃ pupphachattaṃ dhārentena sakkāro kato, tena adhikārena na
aññaṃ sampattiṃ patthemi, anāgate pana ekassa buddhassa sāsane ayaṃ thero viya
dvīhaṅgehi samannāgato sāvako bhaveyya’’nti patthanamakāsi.
Satthā ‘‘samijjhissati nu, kho imassa tāpasassa patthanā’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ
pesetvā olokento kappasatasahassaṃ atikkamitvā samijjhanakabhāvaṃ disvā
nandatāpasaṃ āha – ‘‘na te ayaṃ patthanā moghā bhavissati, anāgate
kappasatasahassaṃ atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa santike
samijjhissatī’’ti vatvā dhammakathaṃ kathetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ākāsaṃ
pakkhandi. Nandatāpaso yāva cakkhupathasamatikkamā satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca
uddissa añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. So aparabhāge kālena kālaṃ satthāraṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇi. Aparihīnajjhānova kālaṅkatvā brahmaloke nibbatto.
Tato pana cuto aparānipi pañca jātisatāni pabbajitvā āraññako ahosi.
Kassapasammāsambuddhakālepi pabbajitvā āraññako hutvā gatapaccāgatavattaṃ
pūresi. Etaṃ kira vattaṃ aparipūretvā
mahāsāvakabhāvaṃ pāpuṇantā nāma natthi.
Gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pana āgamaṭṭhakathāsu vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. So
vīsativassasahassāni gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pūretvā kālaṅkatvā kāmāvacaradevaloke
tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbatti. Vuttañhetaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.3.151) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre , nisabho nāma pabbato;
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.
‘‘Kosiyo nāma nāmena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
Ekākiyo adutiyo, vasāmi nisabhe tadā.
‘‘Phalaṃ mūlañca paṇṇañca, na bhuñjāmi ahaṃ tadā;
Pavattaṃva supātāhaṃ, upajīvāmi tāvade.
‘‘Nāhaṃ kopemi ājīvaṃ, cajamānopi jīvitaṃ;
Ārādhemi sakaṃ cittaṃ, vivajjemi anesanaṃ.
‘‘Rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ cittaṃ, yadā uppajjate mama;
Sayaṃva paccavekkhāmi, ekaggo taṃ damemahaṃ.
‘‘Rajjase rajjanīye ca, dussanīye ca dussase;
Muyhase mohanīye ca, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.
‘‘Visuddhānaṃ ayaṃ vāso, nimmalānaṃ tapassinaṃ;
Mā kho visuddhaṃ dūsesi, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.
‘‘Agāriko bhavitvāna, yadā puttaṃ labhissasi;
Ubhopi mā virādhesi, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.
‘‘Chavālātaṃ yathā kaṭṭhaṃ, na kvaci kiccakārakaṃ;
Neva gāme araññe vā, na hi taṃ kaṭṭhasammataṃ.
‘‘Chavālātūpamo tvaṃ si, na gihī nāpi saññato;
Ubhato muttako ajja, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.
‘‘Siyā nu kho tava etaṃ, ko pajānāti te idaṃ;
Saddhādhuraṃ vahisi me, kosajjabahulāya ca.
‘‘Jigucchissanti taṃ viññū, asuciṃ nāgariko
yathā;
Ākaḍḍhitvāna isayo, codayissanti taṃ sadā.
‘‘Taṃ viññū pavadissanti,
samatikkantasāsanaṃ;
Saṃvāsaṃ alabhanto hi, kathaṃ jīvihisi tuvaṃ.
‘‘Tidhāpabhinnaṃ mātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃ saṭṭhihāyanaṃ;
Balī nāgo upagantvā, yūthā nīharate gajaṃ.
‘‘Yūthā vinissaṭo santo, sukhaṃ sātaṃ na vindati;
Dukkhito vimano hoti, pajjhāyanto pavedhati.
‘‘Tatheva jaṭilā tampi, nīharissanti dummatiṃ;
Tehi tvaṃ nissaṭo santo, sukhaṃ sātaṃ na lacchasi.
‘‘Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sokasallasamappito;
Dayhati pariḷāhena, gajo yūthāva nissaṭo.
‘‘Jātarūpaṃ yathā kūṭaṃ, neva jhāyati katthaci;
Tathā sīlavīhino tvaṃ, na jhāyissasi katthaci.
‘‘Agāraṃ vasamānopi, kathaṃ jīvihisi tuvaṃ;
Mattikaṃ pettikañcāpi, natthi te nihitaṃ dhanaṃ.
‘‘Sayaṃ kammaṃ karitvāna, gatte sedaṃ pamocayaṃ;
Evaṃ jīvihisi gehe, sādhu te taṃ na ruccati.
‘‘Evāhaṃ tattha vāremi, saṃkilesagataṃ manaṃ;
Nānādhammakathaṃ katvā, pāpā cittaṃ nivārayiṃ.
‘‘Evaṃ me viharantassa, appamādavihārino;
Tiṃsavassasahassāni, vipine me atikkamuṃ.
‘‘Appamādarataṃ disvā, uttamatthaṃ gavesakaṃ;
Padumuttarasambuddho, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.
‘‘Timbarūsakavaṇṇābho, appameyyo anūpamo;
Rūpenāsadiso buddho, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Suphullo sālarājāva, vijjūvabbhaghanantare;
Ñāṇenāsadiso buddho, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Sīharājāvasambhīto, gajarājāva dappito;
Lāsīto byaggharājāva, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Siṅghīnikkhasavaṇṇābho, khadiraṅgārasannibho;
Maṇi yathā jotiraso, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Visuddhakelāsanibho, puṇṇamāyeva candimā;
Majjhanhikeva sūriyo, ākāse caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Disvā nabhe caṅkamantaṃ, evaṃ cintesahaṃ
tadā;
Devo nu kho ayaṃ satto, udāhu manujo ayaṃ.
‘‘Na me suto vā diṭṭho vā, mahiyā ediso naro;
Api mantapadaṃ atthi, ayaṃ satthā bhavissati.
‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;
Nānāpupphañca gandhañca, sannipātesahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Pupphāsanaṃ paññāpetvā, sādhucittaṃ manoramaṃ;
Narasārathinaṃ aggaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
‘‘Idaṃ me āsanaṃ vīra, paññattaṃ tavanucchavaṃ;
Hāsayanto mamaṃ cittaṃ, nisīda kusumāsane.
‘‘Nisīdi tattha bhagavā, asambhītova kesarī;
Sattarattindivaṃ buddho, pavare kusumāsane.
‘‘Namassamāno aṭṭhāsiṃ, sattarattindivaṃ ahaṃ;
Vuṭṭhahitvā samādhimhā, satthā loke anuttaro;
Mama kammaṃ pakittento, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
‘‘Bhāvehi buddhānussatiṃ, bhāvanānamanuttaraṃ;
Imaṃ satiṃ bhāvayitvā, pūrayissasi mānasaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni , devaloke ramissasi;
Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissasi;
Sahassakkhattuṃ cakkavattī, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissasi.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Anubhossasi taṃ sabbaṃ, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.
‘‘Bhavābhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ labhissasi;
Bhoge te ūnatā natthi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Asītikoṭiṃ chaḍḍetvā, dāse kammakare bahū;
Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissasi.
‘‘Ārādhayitvā sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Subhūti nāma nāmena, hessasi satthu sāvako.
‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, dakkhiṇeyyaguṇamhi taṃ;
Tathāraṇavihāre ca, dvīsu agge ṭhapessasi.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna sambuddho, jalajuttamanāmako;
Nabhaṃ abbhuggamī vīro, haṃsarājāva ambare.
‘‘Sāsito lokanāthena, namassitvā tathāgataṃ;
Sadā bhāvemi mudito, buddhānussatimuttamaṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.
‘‘Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Anubhomi susampattiṃ, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.
‘‘Bhavābhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ
labhāmahaṃ;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhānussatiyā phalaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –
Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā subhūtitthero imā gāthāyo abhāsitthāti.
Evaṃ pana so tāvatiṃsabhavane aparāparaṃ uppajjanavasena dibbasampattiṃ
anubhavitvā tato cuto manussaloke anekasatakkhattuṃ cakkavattirājā ca padesarājā
ca hutvā uḷāraṃ manussasampattiṃ anubhavitvā atha amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle
sāvatthiyaṃ sumanaseṭṭhissa gehe anāthapiṇḍikassa kaniṭṭho hutvā nibbatti ‘‘subhūtī’’tissa
nāmaṃ ahosi.
Tena ca samayena amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattavaradhammacakko
anupubbena rājagahaṃ gantvā tattha veḷuvanapaṭiggahaṇādinā lokānuggahaṃ karonto
rājagahaṃ upanissāya sītavane viharati. Tadā anāthapiṇḍiko seṭṭhi sāvatthiyaṃ
uṭṭhānakabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā attano sahāyassa rājagahaseṭṭhino gharaṃ gato
buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ sītavane viharantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
paṭhamadassaneneva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya satthāraṃ sāvatthiṃ āgamanatthāya
yācitvā tato pañcacattālīsayojane magge yojane yojane satasahassapariccāgena
vihāre patiṭṭhāpetvā sāvatthiyaṃ rājamānena aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ jetassa
rājakumārassa uyyānabhūmiṃ koṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tattha bhagavato vihāraṃ
kāretvā adāsi. Vihārapariggahaṇadivase ayaṃ subhūtikuṭumbiko
anāthapiṇḍikaseṭṭhinā saddhiṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto saddhaṃ paṭilabhitvā
pabbaji . So upasampajjitvā dve mātikā paguṇā
katvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathāpetvā araññe samaṇadhammaṃ karonto mettājhānapādakaṃ
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So dhammaṃ desento yasmā
satthārā desitaniyāmena anodissakaṃ katvā dhammaṃ deseti. Tasmā araṇavihārīnaṃ
aggo nāma jāto. Piṇḍāya caranto ghare ghare mettājhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya bhikkhaṃ
paṭiggaṇhāti ‘‘evaṃ dāyakānaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ
aggo nāma jāto. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ araṇavihārīnaṃ yadidaṃ subhūti, dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ yadidaṃ subhūtī’’ti
(a. ni. 1.198, 201). Evamayaṃ mahāthero arahatte patiṭṭhāya attanā
pūritapāramīnaṃ phalassa matthakaṃ patvā loke abhiññāto abhilakkhito hutvā
bahujanahitāya janapadacārikaṃ caranto anupubbena rājagahaṃ agamāsi.
Rājā bimbisāro therassa āgamanaṃ sutvā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘idheva, bhante,
vasathā’’ti vatvā ‘‘nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ karissāmī’’ti pakkanto vissari. Thero
senāsanaṃ alabhanto abbhokāse vītināmesi. Therassa ānubhāvena devo na vassati.
Manussā avuṭṭhitāya upaddutā rañño nivesanadvāre ukkuṭṭhimakaṃsu. Rājā ‘‘kena nu
kho kāraṇena devo na vassatī’’ti vīmaṃsanto ‘‘therassa abbhokāsavāsena maññe na
vassatī’’ti cintetvā tassa paṇṇakuṭiṃ kārāpetvā ‘‘imissā, bhante, paṇṇakuṭiyā
vasathā’’ti vatvā vanditvā pakkāmi. Thero kuṭikaṃ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārake
pallaṅkena nisīdi. Tadā pana devo thokaṃ thokaṃ phusāyati, na sammā dhāraṃ
anuppavecchati. Atha thero lokassa avuṭṭhikabhayaṃ visamitukāmo attano
ajjhattikabāhiravatthukassa parissayassa abhāvaṃ pavedento –
1.
‘‘Channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā, vassa deva yathāsukhaṃ;
Cittaṃ me susamāhitaṃ vimuttaṃ, ātāpī viharāmi vassa devā’’ti. –
Gāthamāha.
Tattha channa-saddo
tāva ‘‘channā sā kumārikā imassa kumārakassa’’ (pārā. 296) ‘‘nacchannaṃ
nappatirūpa’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 383) patirūpe āgato. ‘‘Channaṃ tveva, phagguṇa,
phassāyatanāna’’ntiādīsu vacanavisiṭṭhe saṅkhyāvisese. ‘‘Channamativassati,
vivaṭaṃ nātivassatī’’tiādīsu (udā. 45;
cūḷava. 385) gahaṇe. ‘‘Kyāhaṃ te nacchannopi karissāmī’’tiādīsu nivāsanapārupane
‘‘āyasmā channo anācāraṃ ācaratī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 424) paññattiyaṃ.
‘‘Sabbacchannaṃ sabbaparicchannaṃ (pāci. 52, 54), channā kuṭi āhito ginī’’ti
(su. ni. 18) ca ādīsu tiṇādīhi chādane. Idhāpi tiṇādīhi chādaneyeva daṭṭhabbo,
tasmā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā channā yathā na vassati vassodakapatanaṃ na hoti na
ovassati, evaṃ sammadeva chāditāti attho.
Me-saddo ‘‘kicchena me
adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsitu’’ntiādīsu (mahāva. 8; dī. ni. 2.65; ma. ni.
1.281; 2.337; saṃ. ni. 1.172) karaṇe āgato, mayāti attho. ‘‘Tassa me, bhante,
bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.182; a. ni. 4.257)
sampadāne, mayhanti attho. ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa
bodhisattasseva sato’’ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.206; saṃ. ni. 4.14) sāmiatthe āgato.
Idhāpi sāmiatthe eva daṭṭhabbo, mamāti attho. Kiñcāpi khīṇāsavānaṃ mamāyitabbaṃ
nāma kiñci natthi lokadhammehi anupalittabhāvato, lokasamaññāvasena pana tesampi
‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti vohāramattaṃ hoti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘kinti me sāvakā
dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.29).
Kuṭikāti pana mātukucchipi
karajakāyopi tiṇādicchadano patissayopi vuccati. Tathā hi –
‘‘Mātaraṃ kuṭikaṃ brūsi, bhariyaṃ brūsi kulāvakaṃ;
Putte santānake brūsi, taṇhā me brūsi bandhana’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 1.19) –
Ādīsu mātukucchi ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vuttā.
‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭike , maṃsanhārupasibbite;
Dhiratthu pūre duggandhe, paragatte mamāyasī’’ti. (theragā. 1153) –
Ādīsu kesādisamūhabhūto karajakāyo. ‘‘Kassapassa bhagavato bhagini kuṭi
ovassati’’ (ma. ni. 2.291) ‘‘kuṭi nāma ullittā vā hoti avalittā vā’’tiādīsu
(pārā. 349) tiṇachadanapatissayo. Idhāpi so
eva veditabbo paṇṇasālāya adhippetattā. Kuṭi eva hi kuṭikā, apākaṭakuṭi
‘‘kuṭikā’’ti vuttā.
Sukha-saddo pana
‘‘vipiṭṭhikatvāna sukhaṃ dukhañca, pubbeva ca somanassadomanassa’’ntiādīsu (su.
ni. 67) sukhavedanāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Sukho buddhānamuppādo, sukhā
saddhammadesanā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 194) sukhamūle. ‘‘Sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave,
adhivacanaṃ yadidaṃ puññānī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 7.62; itivu. 22) sukhahetumhi.
‘‘Yasmā ca, kho, mahāli, rūpaṃ sukhaṃ sukhānupatitaṃ sukhāvakkanta’’ntiādīsu
(saṃ. ni. 3.60) sukhārammaṇe, ‘‘diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete, cunda, ariyassa
vinaye’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.82) abyāpajje. ‘‘Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukha’’ntiādīsu
(ma. ni. 2.215; dha. pa. 203-204) nibbāne. ‘‘Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, na sukaraṃ
akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva sukhā saggā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.225)
sukhappaccayaṭṭhāne. ‘‘Sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanika’’ntiādīsu (dī.
ni. 1.163; saṃ. ni. 1.130) iṭṭhe, piyamanāpeti attho. Idhāpi iṭṭhe sukhappaccaye
vā daṭṭhabbo. Sā hi kuṭi anto bahi ca manāpabhāvena sampāditā nivāsanaphāsutāya
‘‘sukhā’’ti vuttā. Tathā nātisītanātiuṇhatāya utusukhasampattiyogena
kāyikacetasikasukhassa paccayabhāvato.
Nivātāti avātā,
phusitaggaḷapihitavātapānattā vātaparissayarahitāti attho. Idaṃ tassā kuṭikā
sukhabhāvavibhāvanaṃ. Savāte hi senāsane utusappāyo na labbhati, nivāte so
labbhatīti. Vassāti
pavassa sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccha. Devāti
ayaṃ deva-saddo
‘‘imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusavatīrājadhānippamukhāni, ettha ,
deva, chandaṃ janehi jīvite apekkha’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.266) sammutideve
khattiye āgato. ‘‘Cātumahārājikā devā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni.
3.337) upapattidevesu. ‘‘Tassa devātidevassa, sāsanaṃ sabbadassino’’tiādīsu
visuddhidevesu . Visuddhidevānañhi bhagavato
atidevabhāve vutte itaresaṃ vutto eva hoti. ‘‘Viddhe vigatavalāhake
deve’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.486; saṃ. ni. 1.110; itivu. 27) ākāse. ‘‘Devo ca kālena
kālaṃ na sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.70) meghe pajjunne vā.
Idhāpi meghe pajjunne vā daṭṭhabbo. Vassāti hi te āṇāpento thero ālapati. Yathāsukhanti
yathāruciṃ. Tava vassanena mayhaṃ bāhiro parissayo natthi, tasmā yathākāmaṃ
vassāti vassūpajīvisatte anuggaṇhanto vadati.
Idāni abbhantare parissayābhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘citta’’ntiādimāha.
Tattha cittaṃ me
susamāhitanti mama cittaṃ suṭṭhu ativiya sammā sammadeva ekaggabhāvena
ārammaṇe ṭhapitaṃ. Tañca kho na nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanamattena; api ca kho
vimuttaṃ orambhāgiyauddhaṃbhāgiyasaṅgahehi sabbasaṃyojanehi
sabbakilesadhammato ca visesena vimuttaṃ, samucchedappahānavasena
paṭipassaddhippahānavasena te pajahitvā ṭhitanti attho. Ātāpīti
vīriyavā. Phalasamāpattiatthaṃ vipassanārambhavasena
diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthañca āraddhavīriyo hutvā viharāmi, dibbavihārādīhi
attabhāvaṃ pavattemi, na pana kilesappahānatthaṃ, pahātabbasseva abhāvatoti
adhippāyo. ‘‘Yathā pana bāhiraparissayābhāvena, deva, mayā tvaṃ vassane
niyojito, evaṃ abbhantaraparissayābhāvenapī’’ti dassento punapi ‘‘vassa,
devā’’ti āha.
Aparo nayo channāti
chāditā pihitā. Kuṭikāti
attabhāvo. So hi ‘‘anekāvayavassa samudāyassa avijjānīvaraṇassa, bhikkhave,
puggalassa taṇhāsaṃyuttassa ayañceva kāyo samudāgato, bahiddhā ca
nāmarūpa’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.19) kāyoti āgato. ‘‘Siñca, bhikkhu, imaṃ nāvaṃ ,
sittā te lahumessatī’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 66) nāvāti āgato. ‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi,
gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhata’’nti (dha. pa. 154) ca ādīsu gahanti āgato. ‘‘Satto guhāyaṃ
bahunābhichanno, tiṭṭhaṃ naro mohanasmiṃ pagāḷho’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 778) guhāti āgato.
‘‘Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, ekāro vattatī ratho’’tiādīsu (udā. 65) rathoti āgato.
‘‘Puna gehaṃ na kāhasī’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 154) gehanti āgato. ‘‘Vivaṭā kuṭi
nibbuto ginī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 19) kuṭīti āgato. Tasmā idhāpi so ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti
vutto. Attabhāvo hi kaṭṭhādīni paṭicca labbhamānā gehanāmikā kuṭikā viya
aṭṭhiādisaññite pathavīdhātuādike phassādike ca paṭicca labbhamāno ‘‘kuṭikā’’ti
vutto, cittamakkaṭassa nivāsabhāvato ca. Yathāha –
‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭivesā, makkaṭāvasatho iti;
Makkaṭo pañcadvārāya, kuṭikāya pasakkiya;
Dvārenānupariyāti, ghaṭṭayanto punappuna’’nti ca.
Sā panesā attabhāvakuṭikā therassa tiṇṇaṃ channaṃ aṭṭhannañca asaṃvaradvārānaṃ
vasena samati vijjhanakassa rāgādiavassutassa paññāya saṃvutattā sammadeva
pihitattā ‘‘channā’’ti vuttā. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi,
paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti (su. ni. 1041). Vuttanayena channattā eva
kilesadukkhābhāvato nirāmisasukhasamaṅgitāya ca sukhā sukhappattā,
tato eva ca nivātā nihatamānamadathambhasārambhatāya
nivātavuttikā. Ayañca nayo ‘‘mayhaṃ na
saṃkilesadhammānaṃ saṃvaraṇamattena siddho, atha kho aggamaggasamādhinā suṭṭhu
samāhitacittatāya ceva aggamaggapaññāya sabbasaṃyojanehi vippamuttacittatāya
cā’’ti dassento āha ‘‘cittaṃ
me susamāhitaṃ vimutta’’nti. Evaṃbhūto ca ‘‘idānāhaṃ katakaraṇīyo’’ti na
appossukko homi, atha kho ātāpī
viharāmi, sadevakassa lokassa hitasukhūpasaṃhāre ussāhajāto
bhikkhācārakālepi anugharaṃ brahmavihāreneva viharāmi. Tasmā tvampi, deva, pajjunna
mayhaṃ piyaṃ kātukāmatāyapi vassūpajīvīnaṃ sattānaṃ anukampāyapi vassa sammā
dhāraṃ anuppavecchāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Ettha ca thero ‘‘channā me kuṭikā sukhā
nivātā’’ti iminā lokiyalokuttarabhedaṃ attano adhisīlasikkhaṃ dasseti. ‘‘Cittaṃ
me susamāhita’’nti iminā adhicittasikkhaṃ. ‘‘Vimutta’’nti iminā
adhipaññāsikkhaṃ. ‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ. Atha vā
‘‘channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā’’ti iminā animittavihāraṃ dasseti
kilesavassapidhānamukhena niccādinimittugghāṭanadīpanato. ‘‘Cittaṃ me
susamāhita’’nti iminā appaṇihitavihāraṃ. ‘‘Vimutta’’nti iminā suññatavihāraṃ.
‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vihārānaṃ adhigamūpāyaṃ. Paṭhamena vā
dosappahānaṃ, dutiyena rāgappahānaṃ, tatiyena mohappahānaṃ. Tathā dutiyena
paṭhamadutiyehi vā dhammavihārasampattiyo dasseti. Tatiyena vimuttisampattiyo.
‘‘Ātāpī viharāmī’’ti iminā parahitapaṭipattiyaṃ atanditabhāvaṃ dassetīti
daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ ‘‘yathānāmā’’ti gāthāya vuttānaṃ dhammavihārādīnaṃ imāya gāthāya dassitattā
tattha adassitesu nāmagottesu nāmaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘itthaṃ
suda’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Ye hi therā nāmamattena pākaṭā, te nāmena, ye
gottamattena pākaṭā, te gottena, ye ubhayathā pākaṭā, te ubhayenapi
dassissa’’nti. Ayaṃ pana thero nāmena abhilakkhito, na tathā gottenāti ‘‘itthaṃ
sudaṃ āyasmā subhūtī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha itthanti
idaṃ pakāraṃ, iminā ākārenāti attho. Sudanti
su idaṃ, sandhivasena ikāralopo. Sūti
ca nipātamattaṃ, idaṃ gāthanti yojanā. Āyasmāti
piyavacanametaṃ garugāravasappatissavacanametaṃ. Subhūtīti
nāmakittanaṃ. So hi sarīrasampattiyāpi dassanīyo pāsādiko, guṇasampattiyāpi. Iti
sundarāya sarīrāvayavavibhūtiyā sīlasampattiyādivibhūtiyā ca samannāgatattā
subhūtīti paññāyittha sīlasārādithiraguṇayogato thero.
Abhāsitthāti kathesi. Kasmā panete mahātherā attano guṇe pakāsentīti?
Iminā dīghena addhunā anadhigatapubbaṃ
paramagambhīraṃ ativiya santaṃ paṇītaṃ attanā adhigataṃ lokuttaradhammaṃ
paccavekkhitvā pītivegasamussāhitaudānavasena
sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanavasena ca paramappicchā ariyā attano
guṇe pakāsenti, yathā taṃ lokanātho bodhaneyyaajjhāsayavasena
‘‘dasabalasamannāgato, bhikkhave, tathāgato catuvesārajjavisārado’’tiādinā
attano guṇe pakāseti, evamayaṃ therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā hotīti.
Paramatthadīpaniyā theragāthāsaṃvaṇṇanāya
Subhūtittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Mahākoṭṭhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Upasantoti āyasmato
mahākoṭṭhikattherassa gāthā. Tassa kā uppatti? Ayampi thero padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
mātāpitūnaṃ accayena kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapetvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekadivasaṃ
padumuttarassa bhagavato dhammadesanākāle haṃsavatīnagaravāsike
gandhamālādihatthe yena buddho yena dhammo yena saṅgho, tanninne tappoṇe
tappabbhāre gacchante disvā mahājanena saddhiṃ upagato satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ
paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kira imasmiṃ sāsane
paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo, aho vatāhampi ekassa buddhassa sāsane ayaṃ viya
paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti cintetvā satthu desanāpariyosāne
vuṭṭhitāya parisāya bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ
gaṇhathā’’ti nimantesi. Satthā adhivāsesi. So bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā
padakkhiṇaṃ katvā sakanivesanaṃ gantvā sabbarattiṃ buddhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa ca
nisajjaṭṭhānaṃ gandhadāmamālādāmādīhi alaṅkaritvā paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ
paṭiyādāpetvā tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane bhikkhusatasahassaparivāraṃ
bhagavantaṃ vividhayāgukhajjakaparivāraṃ nānārasasūpabyañjanaṃ
gandhasālibhojanaṃ bhojetvā bhattakiccapariyosāne
cintesi – ‘‘mahantaṃ, kho, ahaṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthemi na kho pana mayhaṃ yuttaṃ
ekadivasameva dānaṃ datvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetuṃ, anupaṭipāṭiyā satta divase
dānaṃ datvā patthessāmī’’ti . So teneva
niyāmena satta divase mahādānāni datvā bhattakiccapariyosāne dussakoṭṭhāgāraṃ
vivarāpetvā uttamaṃ ticīvarappahonakaṃ sukhumavatthaṃ buddhassa pādamūle
ṭhapetvā bhikkhusatasahassassa ca ticīvaraṃ datvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā,
‘‘bhante, yo so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake etadagge ṭhapito,
ahampi so bhikkhu viya anāgate uppajjanakabuddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā
paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti vatvā satthu pādamūle nipajjitvā
patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate ito
kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho loke uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tava
patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti byākāsi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.54.221-250) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.
‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.
‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;
Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.
‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;
Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.
‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, brāhmaṇo vedapāragū;
Upecca sabbalokaggaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.
‘‘Tadā so sāvakaṃ vīro, pabhinnamatigocaraṃ;
Atthe dhamme nirutte ca, paṭibhāne ca kovidaṃ.
‘‘Ṭhapesi etadaggamhi, taṃ sutvā mudito ahaṃ;
Sasāvakaṃ jinavaraṃ, sattāhaṃ bhojayiṃ tadā.
‘‘Dussehacchādayitvāna, sasissaṃ buddhisāgaraṃ;
Nipacca pādamūlamhi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Tato avoca lokaggo, passathetaṃ dijuttamaṃ;
Vinataṃ pādamūle me, kamalodarasappabhaṃ.
‘‘Buddhaseṭṭhassa bhikkhussa, ṭhānaṃ patthayate ayaṃ;
Tāya saddhāya cāgena, saddhammassavanena ca.
‘‘Sabbattha sukhito hutvā, saṃsaritvā bhavābhave;
Anāgatamhi addhāne, lacchasetaṃ manorathaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Koṭṭhiko nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Taṃ sutvā mudito hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;
Mettacitto paricariṃ, sato paññā samāhito.
‘‘Tena kammavipākena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Sabbattha sukhito āsiṃ, tassa kammassa vāhasā.
‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;
Aññaṃ gatiṃ na gacchāmi, suciṇṇassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye atha brāhmaṇe;
Nīce kule na jāyāmi, suciṇṇassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, brahmabandhu
ahosahaṃ;
Sāvatthiyaṃ vippakule, paccājāto mahaddhane.
‘‘Mātā candavatī nāma, pitā me assalāyano;
Yadā me pitaraṃ buddho, vinayī sabbasuddhiyā.
‘‘Tadā pasanno sugate, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
Moggallāno ācariyo, upajjhā sārisambhavo.
‘‘Kesesu chijjamānesu, diṭṭhi chinnā samūlikā;
Nivāsento ca kāsāvaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Atthadhammaniruttīsu, paṭibhāne ca me mati;
Pabhinnā tena lokaggo, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
‘‘Asandiṭṭhaṃ viyākāsiṃ, upatissena pucchito;
Paṭisambhidāsu tenāhaṃ, aggo sambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca
aṭṭhime;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ so tattha tattha bhave puññañāṇasambhāraṃ sambharanto aparāparaṃ
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule
nibbatti. Koṭṭhikotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā
brāhmaṇasippe nipphattiṃ gato ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampannakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya kammaṃ
karonto saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā paṭisambhidāsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā
abhiññāte abhiññāte mahāthere upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchantopi dasabalaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchantopi paṭisambhidāsuyeva pañhaṃ pucchi. Evamayaṃ
thero tattha katādhikāratāya ciṇṇavasībhāvena
ca paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggo jāto. Atha naṃ satthā mahāvedallasuttaṃ (ma. ni.
1.449 ādayo) aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi –
‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭisambhidāpattānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākoṭṭhiko’’ti
(a. ni. 1.209, 218). So aparena samayena vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento
udānavasena –
2.
‘‘Upasanto uparato, mantabhāṇī anuddhato;
Dhunāti pāpake dhamme, dumapattaṃva māluto’’ti. –
Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahākoṭṭhikatthero gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha upasantoti
manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ upasamanena nibbisevanabhāvakaraṇena upasanto. Uparatoti
sabbasmā pāpakaraṇato orato virato. Mantabhāṇīti
mantā vuccati paññā, tāya pana upaparikkhitvā bhaṇatīti mantabhāṇī,
kālavādīādibhāvaṃ avissajjentoyeva bhaṇatīti attho. Mantabhaṇanavasena vā
bhaṇatīti mantabhāṇī, dubbhāsitato vinā attano bhāsanavasena
caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ subhāsitaṃyeva bhaṇatīti attho. Jātiādivasena attano
anukkaṃsanato na uddhatoti anuddhato atha
vā tiṇṇaṃ kāyaduccaritānaṃ vūpasamanena tato paṭiviratiyā upasanto, tiṇṇaṃ
manoduccaritānaṃ uparamaṇena pajahanena uparato, catunnaṃ vacīduccaritānaṃ
appavattiyā parimitabhāṇitāya mantabhāṇī, tividhaduccaritanimittauppajjanakassa
uddhaccassa abhāvato anuddhato. Evaṃ pana tividhaduccaritappahānena suddhe sīle
patiṭṭhito, uddhaccappahānena samāhito, tameva samādhiṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ katvā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā dhunāti
pāpake dhamme lāmakaṭṭhena pāpake sabbepi saṃkilesadhamme
niddhunāti, samucchedavasena pajahati . Yathā
kiṃ? Dumapattaṃva
māluto, yathā nāma dumassa rukkhassa pattaṃ paṇḍupalāsaṃ
māluto vāto dhunāti, bandhanato viyojento nīharati, evaṃ yathāvuttapaṭipattiyaṃ
ṭhito pāpadhamme attano santānato nīharati, evamayaṃ therassa aññāpadesena
aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi hotīti veditabbā.
Ettha ca kāyavacīduccaritappahānavacanena
payogasuddhiṃ dasseti, manoduccaritappahānavacanena āsayasuddhiṃ. Evaṃ
payogāsayasuddhassa ‘‘anuddhato’’ti iminā
uddhaccābhāvavacanena tadekaṭṭhatāya nīvaraṇappahānaṃ dasseti. Tesu
payogasuddhiyā sīlasampatti vibhāvitā, āsayasuddhiyā samathabhāvanāya
upakārakadhammapariggaho, nīvaraṇappahānena samādhibhāvanā, ‘‘dhunāti pāpake
dhamme’’ti iminā paññābhāvanā vibhāvitā hoti. Evaṃ adhisīlasikkhādayo tisso
sikkhā, tividhakalyāṇaṃ sāsanaṃ, tadaṅgappahānādīni tīṇi pahānāni,
antadvayaparivajjanena saddhiṃ majjhimāya paṭipattiyā paṭipajjanaṃ,
apāyabhavādīnaṃ samatikkamanūpāyo ca yathārahaṃ niddhāretvā yojetabbā. Iminā
nayena sesagāthāsupi yathārahaṃ atthayojanā veditabbā. Atthamattameva pana
tattha tattha apubbaṃ vaṇṇayissāma. ‘‘Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko’’ti idaṃ
pūjāvacanaṃ, yathā taṃ mahāmoggallānoti.
Mahākoṭṭhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Paññaṃ imaṃ passāti āyasmato
kaṅkhārevatassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi thero padumuttarabhagavato kāle
haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto. Ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ
dhammadesanākāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā
parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ jhānābhiratānaṃ
aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti
cintetvā desanāvasāne satthāraṃ nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahāsakkāraṃ katvā
bhagavantaṃ āha – ‘‘bhante, ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na
patthemi, yathā pana so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake jhāyīnaṃ
aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane jhāyīnaṃ aggo
bhaveyya’’nti patthanamakāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā nipphajjanabhāvaṃ disvā
‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassāvasāne gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati,
tassa sāsane tvaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo bhavissasī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi.
So yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā
amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthinagare mahābhogakule nibbatto pacchābhattaṃ
dhammassavanatthaṃ gacchantena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante
ṭhito dasabalassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampadaṃ
labhitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathāpetvā jhānaparikammaṃ karonto jhānalābhī hutvā jhānaṃ
pādakaṃ katvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So yebhuyyena dasabalena
samāpajjitabbasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanto ahorattaṃ jhānesu ciṇṇavasī ahosi. Atha
naṃ satthā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ yadidaṃ
kaṅkhārevato’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 204) jhāyīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.55.34-53) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammesu cakkhumā;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
‘‘Sīhahanu brahmagiro, haṃsadundubhinissano;
Nāgavikkantagamano, candasūrādhikappabho.
‘‘Mahāmati mahāvīro, mahājhāyī mahābalo;
Mahākāruṇiko nātho, mahātamapanūdano.
‘‘Sa kadāci tilokaggo, veneyyaṃ vinayaṃ bahuṃ;
Dhammaṃ desesi sambuddho, sattāsayavidū muni.
‘‘Jhāyiṃ jhānarataṃ vīraṃ, upasantaṃ anāvilaṃ;
Vaṇṇayanto parisatiṃ, tosesi janataṃ jino.
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, brāhmaṇo vedapāragū;
Dhammaṃ sutvāna mudito, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.
‘‘Tadā jino viyākāsi, saṅghamajjhe vināyako;
Mudito hohi tvaṃ brahme, lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Revato nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātohaṃ koliye pure;
Khattiye kulasampanne, iddhe phīte mahaddhane.
‘‘Yadā kapilavatthusmiṃ, buddho dhammamadesayi;
Tadā pasanno sugate, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
‘‘Kaṅkhā me bahulā āsi, kappākappe tahiṃ tahiṃ;
Sabbaṃ taṃ vinayī buddho, desetvā dhammamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Tatohaṃ tiṇṇasaṃsāro, tadā jhānasukhe rato;
Viharāmi tadā buddho, maṃ disvā etadabravi.
‘‘Yā kāci kaṅkhā idha vā huraṃ vā, savediyā vā paravediyā vā;
Ye jhāyino tā pajahanti sabbā, ātāpino brahmacariyaṃ carantā.
‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;
Sumutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.
‘‘Tato jhānarattaṃ disvā, buddho lokantagū muni;
Jhāyīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo, paññāpesi mahāmati.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca
aṭṭhime;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Tathā katakicco panāyaṃ mahāthero pubbe dīgharattaṃ attano kaṅkhāpakatacittataṃ
idāni sabbaso vigatakaṅkhatañca paccavekkhitvā ‘‘aho nūna mayhaṃ satthuno
desanānubhāvo, tenetarahi evaṃ vigatakaṅkho ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto jāto’’ti
sañjātabahumāno bhagavato paññaṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘paññaṃ
imaṃ passā’’ti imaṃ gāthamāha.
3.
Tattha paññanti
pakāre jānāti, pakārehi ñāpetīti ca paññā. Veneyyānaṃ
āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādippakāre dhammānaṃ kusalādike khandhādike ca
desetabbappakāre jānāti, yathāsabhāvato paṭivijjhati, tehi ca pakārehi ñāpetīti
attho. Satthu desanāñāṇañhi idhādhippetaṃ, tenāha ‘‘ima’’nti.
Tañhi attani siddhena desanābalena nayaggāhato paccakkhaṃ
viya upaṭṭhitaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ima’’nti
vuttaṃ. Yadaggena vā satthu desanāñāṇaṃ sāvakehi nayato gayhati, tadaggena
attano visaye paṭivedhañāṇampi nayato gayhateva. Tenāha āyasmā
dhammasenāpati – ‘‘apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146;
3.143). Passāti
vimhayappatto aniyamato ālapati attanoyeva vā cittaṃ, yathāha bhagavā udānento –
‘‘lokamimaṃ passa; puthū avijjāya paretaṃ bhūtaṃ bhūtarataṃ bhavā
aparimutta’’nti (udā. 30). Tathāgatānanti
tathā āgamanādiatthena tathāgatānaṃ. Tathā āgatoti hi tathāgato, tathā gatoti
tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato
abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato,
tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti evaṃ aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi
bhagavā tathāgato. Tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato,
tathalakkhaṇaṃ gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti
tathāgato, tathā pavattitoti tathāgato, tathehi āgatoti tathāgato ,
tathā gatabhāvena tathāgatoti evampi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgatoti
ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyā udānaṭṭhakathāya (udā.
aṭṭha. 18) itivuttakaṭṭhakathāya (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) ca vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
Idāni tassā paññāya asādhāraṇavisesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘aggi
yathā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā
aggīti upamāvacanaṃ. Yathāti
tassa upamābhāvadassanaṃ. Pajjalitoti
upameyyena sambandhadassanaṃ. Nisītheti
kiccakaraṇakāladassanaṃ. Ayañhettha attho – yathā nāma nisīthe rattiyaṃ
caturaṅgasamannāgate andhakāre vattamāne unnate ṭhāne pajjalito aggi tasmiṃ
padese tayagataṃ vidhamantaṃ tiṭṭhati, evameva tathāgatānaṃ imaṃ
desanāñāṇasaṅkhātaṃ sabbaso veneyyānaṃ saṃsayatamaṃ vidhamantaṃ paññaṃ passāti.
Yato desanāvilāsena sattānaṃ ñāṇamayaṃ ālokaṃ dentīti ālokadā.
Paññāmayameva cakkhuṃ dadantīti cakkhudadā.
Tadubhayampi kaṅkhāvinayapadaṭṭhānameva katvā dassento ‘‘ye
āgatānaṃ vinayanti kaṅkha’’nti āha, ye tathāgatā
attano santikaṃ āgatānaṃ upagatānaṃ
veneyyānaṃ ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhāna’’ntiādinayappavattaṃ (ma. ni. 1.18;
saṃ. ni. 2.20) soḷasavatthukaṃ, ‘‘buddhe kaṅkhati dhamme
kaṅkhatī’’tiādinayappavattaṃ (dha. sa. 1008) aṭṭhavatthukañca kaṅkhaṃ vicikicchaṃ vinayanti desanānubhāvena
anavasesato vidhamanti viddhaṃsenti. Vinayakukkuccasaṅkhātā pana kaṅkhā
tabbinayeneva vinītā hontīti.
Aparo nayo – yathā aggi nisīthe rattibhāge pajjalito paṭutarajālo samujjalaṃ
uccāsane ṭhitānaṃ obhāsadānamattena
andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā samavisamaṃ vibhāvento ālokadado hoti. Accāsanne pana
ṭhitānaṃ taṃ supākaṭaṃ karonto cakkhukiccakaraṇato cakkhudado nāma hoti, evameva
tathāgato attano dhammakāyassa dūre ṭhitānaṃ akatādhikārānaṃ paññāpajjotena
mohandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā kāyavisamādisamavisamaṃ vibhāvento ālokadā bhavanti,
āsanne ṭhitānaṃ pana katādhikārānaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ uppādento cakkhudadā bhavanti.
Ye evaṃbhūtā attano vacīgocaraṃ āgatānaṃ
mādisānampi kaṅkhābahulānaṃ kaṅkhaṃ vinayanti ariyamaggasamuppādanena
vidhamanti, tesaṃ tathāgatānaṃ paññaṃ ñāṇātisayaṃ passāti yojanā. Evamayaṃ
therassa attano kaṅkhāvitaraṇappakāsanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi hoti. Ayañhi
thero puthujjanakāle kappiyepi kukkuccako hutvā kaṅkhābahulatāya
‘‘kaṅkhārevato’’ti paññāto, pacchā khīṇāsavakālepi tatheva voharayittha. Tenāha
– ‘‘itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā kaṅkhārevato gāthaṃ abhāsitthā’’ti. Taṃ vuttatthameva.
Kaṅkhārevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sabbhirevasamāsethāti
āyasmato puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa dasabalassa
uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto anukkamena
viññutaṃ patto satthari loke uppajjante ekadivasaṃ buddhānaṃ dhammadesanākāle
heṭṭhā vuttanayena mahājanena saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīditvā
dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ
disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā desanāvasāne
vuṭṭhitāya parisāya satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā nimantetvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva
mahāsakkāraṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ evamāha – ‘‘bhante, ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena
nāññaṃ sampattiṃ patthemi. Yathā pana so bhikkhu ito sattamadivasamatthake
dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, evaṃ ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane
dhammakathikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anāgataṃ
oloketvā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate
kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ
pabbajitvā dhammakathikānaṃ aggo bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi.
So tattha yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ katvā tato
cuto kappasatasahassaṃ puññañāṇasambhāraṃ sambharanto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā
amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme
brāhmaṇamahāsālakule aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatti. Tassa
nāmaggahaṇadivase ‘‘puṇṇo’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So satthari abhisambodhiṃ patvā
pavattavaradhammacakke anupubbena rājagahaṃ gantvā taṃ upanissāya viharante
aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado sabbaṃ pubbakiccaṃ
katvā padhānamanuyuñjanto pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvāva ‘‘dasabalassa santikaṃ
gamissāmī’’ti mātulattherena saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ agantvā
kapilavatthusāmantāyeva ohīyitvā yonisomanasikāre kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva
vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.1.434-440) –
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Purakkhatomhi sissehi, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mama kammaṃ pakittesi, saṃkhittena mahāmuni.
‘‘Tāhaṃ dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, abhivādetvāna satthuno;
Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, pakkamiṃ dakkhiṇāmukho.
‘‘Saṃkhittena suṇitvāna, vitthārena abhāsayiṃ;
Sabbe sissā attamanā, sutvāna mama bhāsato.
‘‘Sakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ vinodetvā, buddhe cittaṃ pasādayuṃ;
Saṃkhittenapi desemi, vitthārena tathevahaṃ.
‘‘Abhidhammanayaññūhaṃ, kathāvatthuvisuddhiyā;
Sabbesaṃ viññāpetvāna, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Ito pañcasate kappe, caturo suppakāsakā;
Sattaratanasampannā, catudīpamhi issarā.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Tassa pana puṇṇattherassa santike pabbajitā kulaputtā pañcasatā ahesuṃ. Thero
sayaṃ dasakathāvatthulābhitāya tepi dasahi kathāvatthūhi ovadi. Te tassa ovāde
ṭhatvā sabbeva arahattaṃ pattā. Te attano pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ ñatvā
upajjhāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ kiccaṃ matthakappattaṃ,
dasannañcamha kathāvatthūnaṃ lābhino, samayo, dāni no dasabalaṃ passitu’’nti.
Thero tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā cintesi – ‘‘mama dasakathāvatthulābhitaṃ satthā
jānāti ahaṃ dhammaṃ desento dasa kathāvatthūni amuñcitvāva desemi, mayi
gacchante sabbepime bhikkhū maṃ parivāretvā gacchissanti, evaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya
gantvā pana ayuttaṃ mayhaṃ dasabalaṃ passituṃ, ime tāva gantvā passantū’’ti te
bhikkhū āha – ‘‘āvuso, tumhe purato gantvā tathāgataṃ passatha, mama vacanena
cassa pāde vandatha, ahampi tumhākaṃ gatamaggenāgamissāmī’’ti. Te therā sabbepi
dasabalassa jātibhūmiraṭṭhavāsino sabbe khīṇāsavā sabbe dasakathāvatthulābhino
attano upajjhāyassa ovādaṃ sampaṭicchitvā theraṃ vanditvā anupubbena cārikaṃ
carantā saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ atikkamma rājagahe veḷuvanamahāvihāraṃ gantvā
dasabalassa pāde vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ
paṭisammoditunti bhagavā tehi saddhiṃ – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhave, khamanīya’’ntiādinā
nayena madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā ‘‘kuto ca tumhe, bhikkhave, āgacchathā’’ti
pucchi . Atha tehi ‘‘jātibhūmito’’ti vutte
‘‘ko nu kho, bhikkhave, jātibhūmiyaṃ jātibhūmakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ
evaṃ sambhāvito ‘attanā ca appiccho appicchakathañca bhikkhūnaṃ kattā’’’ti (ma.
ni. 1.252) dasakathāvatthulābhiṃ bhikkhuṃ pucchi. Tepi ‘‘puṇṇo nāma, bhante,
āyasmā mantāṇiputto’’ti ārocayiṃsu. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā āyasmā sāriputto therassa
dassanakāmo ahosi. Atha satthā rājagahato sāvatthiṃ agamāsi .
Puṇṇattheropi dasabalassa tattha āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā – ‘‘satthāraṃ passissāmī’’ti
gantvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃyeva tathāgataṃ sampāpuṇi. Satthā tassa dhammaṃ desesi.
Thero dhammaṃ sutvā dasabalaṃ vanditvā paṭisallānatthāya andhavanaṃ gantvā
aññataramhi rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
Sāriputtattheropi tassāgamanaṃ sutvā sīsānulokiko gantvā okāsaṃ sallakkhetvā taṃ
rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ upasaṅkamitvā therena saddhiṃ sammoditvā, taṃ
sattavisuddhikkamaṃ pucchi. Theropissa pucchitapucchitaṃ byākaronto
rathavinītūpamāya cittaṃ ārādhesi, te aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ samanumodiṃsu.
Atha satthā aparabhāge bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno theraṃ ‘‘etadaggaṃ,
bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ puṇṇo’’ti (a. ni.
1.188, 196) dhammakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So ekadivasaṃ attano
vimuttisampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nissāya ahañceva aññe ca bahū sattā
saṃsāradukkhato vippamuttā, bahūpakārā vata sappurisasaṃsevā’’ti
pītisomanassajāto udānavasena pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sabbhireva
samāsethā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
4.
Tattha sabbhirevāti
sappurisehi eva. Santoti panettha buddhādayo ariyā adhippetā. Te hi anavasesato
asataṃ dhammaṃ pahāya saddhamme ukkaṃsagatattā sātisayaṃ pasaṃsiyattā ca
visesato ‘‘santo sappurisā’’ti ca vuccanti. Samāsethāti
samaṃ āsetha saha vaseyya. Te payirupāsanto tesaṃ sussūsanto diṭṭhānugatiñca āpajjanto
samānavāso bhaveyyāti attho. Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti
tesaṃ thomanā. Paṇḍā vuccati
paññā, sā imesaṃ sañjātāti paṇḍitā.
Tato eva attatthādibhedaṃ atthaṃ aviparītato passantīti atthadassino.
Tehi paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi samāsetha. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā te santo paṇḍitā, te
vā sammā sevantā ekantahitabhāvato maggañāṇādīheva araṇīyato atthaṃ, mahāguṇatāya
santatāya ca mahantaṃ, agādhabhāvato
gambhīrañāṇagocarato ca gambhīraṃ, hīnacchandādīhi
daṭṭhuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā itarehi ca kicchena daṭṭhabbattā duddasaṃ,
duddasattā saṇhanipuṇasabhāvattā nipuṇañāṇagocarato ca nipuṇaṃ, nipuṇattā
evaṃ sukhumasabhāvatāya aṇuṃ nibbānaṃ,
aviparītaṭṭhena vā paramatthasabhāvattā atthaṃ, ariyabhāvakarattā
mahattanimittatāya mahantaṃ, anuttānasabhāvatāya gambhīraṃ, dukkhena
daṭṭhabbaṃ na sukhena daṭṭhuṃ sakkāti duddasaṃ, gambhīrattā
duddasaṃ, duddasattā gambhīranti
catusaccaṃ, visesato nipuṇaṃ
aṇuṃ, nirodhasaccanti evametaṃ catusaccaṃ dhīrā
samadhigacchanti dhitisampannatāya dhīrā
catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā sammadeva adhigacchanti. Appamattāti
sabbattha satiavippavāsena appamādapaṭipattiṃ pūrentā. Vicakkhaṇāti
vipassanābhāvanāya chekā kusalā. Tasmā sabbhireva samāsethāti yojanā.
Paṇḍitehatthadassibhīti vā etaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ. Yasmā paṇḍitehi atthadassībhi
samudāyabhūtehi dhīrā appamattā vicakkhaṇā mahantādivisesavantaṃ atthaṃ
samadhigacchanti, tasmā tādisehi sabbhireva samāsethāti sambandho. Evamesā
therassa paṭivedhadīpanena aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi ahosīti.
Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yo duddamiyoti āyasmato
dabbattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare
kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto
satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā
adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā satthārā byākato yāvajīvaṃ
kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaritvā kassapadasabalassa sāsanosakkanakāle
pabbaji. Tadā tena saddhiṃ apare cha janāti satta bhikkhū ekacittā
hutvā aññe sāsane agāravaṃ karonte disvā – ‘‘idha kiṃ karoma ekamante
samaṇadhammaṃ katvā dukkhassantaṃ karissāmā’’ti nisseṇiṃ bandhitvā uccaṃ
pabbatasikharaṃ āruhitvā, ‘‘attano cittabalaṃ jānantā nisseṇiṃ nipātentu, jīvite
sālayā otarantu, mā pacchānutappino ahuvatthā’’ti vatvā
sabbe ekacittā hutvā nisseṇiṃ pātetvā – ‘‘appamattā hotha, āvuso’’ti aññamaññaṃ
ovaditvā cittarucikesu ṭhānesu nisīditvā samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ ārabhiṃsu.
Tatreko thero pañcame divase arahattaṃ patvā, ‘‘mama kiccaṃ nipphannaṃ, ahaṃ
imasmiṃ ṭhāne kiṃ karissāmi’’ti iddhiyā uttarakuruto piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā,
‘‘āvuso, imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjatha, bhikkhācārakiccaṃ mamāyattaṃ hotu, tumhe
attano kammaṃ karothā’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho mayaṃ, āvuso, nisseṇiṃ pātentā evaṃ
avocumha – ‘yo paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ sacchikaroti, so bhikkhaṃ āharatu, tenābhataṃ
sesā paribhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karissantī’’’ti. ‘‘Natthi, āvuso’’ti. Tumhe
attano pubbahetunā labhittha, mayampi sakkontā vaṭṭassantaṃ karissāma, gacchatha
tumheti. Thero te saññāpetuṃ asakkonto phāsukaṭṭhāne piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā
gato . Aparo thero sattame divase
anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā tato cuto suddhāvāsabrahmaloke nibbatto. Itare therā tato
cutā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā tesu tesu kulesu nibbattā. Eko
gandhāraraṭṭhe takkasilānagare rājagehe nibbatto, eko majjhantikaraṭṭhe
paribbājikāya kucchimhi nibbatto, eko bāhiyaraṭṭhe kuṭumbiyagehe nibbatto, eko
bhikkhunupassaye jāto.
Ayaṃ pana dabbatthero mallaraṭṭhe anupiyanagare ekassa mallarañño gehe
paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā upavijaññā kālamakāsi, matasarīraṃ susānaṃ netvā
dārucitakaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ adaṃsu. Tassā aggivegasantattaṃ udarapaṭalaṃ dvedhā
ahosi. Dārako attano puññabalena uppatitvā ekasmiṃ dabbatthambhe nipati. Taṃ
dārakaṃ gahetvā ayyikāya adaṃsu. Sā tassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantī dabbatthambhe patitvā
laddhajīvitattā ‘‘dabbo’’tissa nāmaṃ akāsi. Tassa ca sattavassikakāle satthā
bhikkhusaṅghaparivāro mallaraṭṭhe cārikaṃ caramāno anupiyambavane viharati.
Dabbakumāro satthāraṃ disvā dassaneneva pasīditvā
pabbajitukāmo hutvā ‘‘ahaṃ dasabalassa santike pabbajissāmī’’ti ayyikaṃ āpucchi.
Sā ‘‘sādhu, tātā’’ti dabbakumāraṃ ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā, ‘‘bhante, imaṃ
kumāraṃ pabbājethā’’ti āha. Satthā aññatarassa bhikkhuno saññaṃ adāsi –
‘‘bhikkhu imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So thero satthu vacanaṃ sutvā dabbakumāraṃ
pabbājento tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. Pubbahetusampanno katābhinīhāro
satto paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā voropanakkhaṇe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, dutiyāya
kesavaṭṭiyā oropiyamānāya sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya anāgāmiphale, sabbakesānaṃ
pana oropanañca arahattaphalasacchikiriyā ca apacchā apure ahosi. Satthā
mallaraṭṭhe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā rājagahaṃ
gantvā veḷuvane vāsaṃ kappesi.
Tatrāyasmā dabbo mallaputto rahogato attano kiccanipphattiṃ oloketvā saṅghassa
veyyāvaccakaraṇe kāyaṃ yojetukāmo cintesi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ saṅghassa senāsanañca
paññāpeyyaṃ bhattāni ca uddiseyya’’nti. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā attano
parivitakkaṃ ārocesi. Satthā tassa sādhukāraṃ datvā senāsanapaññāpakattañca
bhattuddesakattañca sampaṭicchi. Atha naṃ ‘‘ayaṃ dabbo daharova samāno mahante
ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti sattavassikakāleyeva upasampādesi. Thero upasampannakālato
paṭṭhāya rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharantānaṃ sabbabhikkhūnaṃ senāsanāni ca
paññāpeti, bhikkhañca uddisati. Tassa senāsanapaññāpakabhāvo sabbadisāsu pākaṭo
ahosi – ‘‘dabbo kira mallaputto sabhāgasabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ekaṭṭhāne
senāsanāni paññāpeti, āsannepi dūrepi senāsanaṃ paññāpeti, gantuṃ asakkonte
iddhiyā netī’’ti.
Atha naṃ bhikkhū kālepi vikālepi – ‘‘amhākaṃ, āvuso, jīvakambavane senāsanaṃ
paññāpehi, amhākaṃ maddakucchismiṃ migadāye’’ti evaṃ senāsanaṃ uddisāpetvā tassa
iddhiṃ passantā gacchanti. Sopi iddhiyā manomaye kāye abhisaṅkharitvā ekekassa
therassa ekekaṃ attanā sadisaṃ bhikkhuṃ datvā aṅguliyā jalamānāya purato gantvā
‘‘ayaṃ mañco idaṃ pīṭha’’ntiādīni vatvā senāsanaṃ paññāpetvā puna attano
vasanaṭṭhānameva āgacchati . Ayamettha
saṅkhepo, vitthārato panidaṃ vatthu pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva. Satthā idameva kāraṇaṃ
aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ
senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ yadidaṃ dabbo mallaputto’’ti (a. ni. 1.209;
214). Vuttampi cetaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.54, 108-149) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.
‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.
‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;
Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.
‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;
Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.
‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, seṭṭhiputto mahāyaso;
Upetvā lokapajjotaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.
‘‘Senāsanāni bhikkhūnaṃ, paññāpentaṃ sasāvakaṃ;
Kittayantassa vacanaṃ, suṇitvā mudito ahaṃ.
‘‘Adhikāraṃ sasaṅghassa, katvā tassa mahesino;
Nipacca sirasā pāde, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.
‘‘Tadāha sa mahāvīro, mama kammaṃ pakittayaṃ;
Yo sasaṅghamabhojesi, sattāhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Soyaṃ kamalapattakkho, sīhaṃso kanakattaco;
Mama pādamūle nipati, patthayaṃ ṭhānamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Sāvako tassa buddhassa, dabbo nāmena vissuto;
Senāsanapaññāpako, aggo hessatiyaṃ tadā.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Sabbattha sukhito āsiṃ, tassa kammassa vāhasā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, vipassī nāma nāyako;
Uppajji cārudassano, sabbadhammavipassako.
‘‘Duṭṭhacitto upavadiṃ, sāvakaṃ tassa tādino;
Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇaṃ, suddhoti ca vijāniya.
‘‘Tasseva naravīrassa, sāvakānaṃ mahesinaṃ;
Salākañca gahetvāna, khīrodanamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
‘‘Sāsanaṃ jotayitvāna, abhibhuyya kutitthiye;
Vineyye vinayitvāva, nibbuto so sasāvako.
‘‘Sasisse nibbute nāthe, atthamentamhi sāsane;
Devā kandiṃsu saṃviggā, muttakesā rudammukhā.
‘‘Nibbāyissati dhammakkho, na passisāma subbate;
Na suṇissāma saddhammaṃ, aho no appapuññatā.
‘‘Tadāyaṃ pathavī sabbā, acalā sā calācalā;
Sāgaro ca sasokova, vinadī karuṇaṃ giraṃ.
‘‘Catuddisā dundubhiyo, nādayiṃsu amānusā;
Samantato asaniyo, phaliṃsu ca bhayāvahā.
‘‘Ukkā patiṃsu nabhasā, dhūmaketu ca dissati;
Sadhūmā jālavaṭṭā ca, raviṃsu karuṇaṃ migā.
‘‘Uppāde dāruṇe disvā, sāsanatthaṅgasūcake;
Saṃviggā bhikkhavo satta, cintayimha mayaṃ tadā.
‘‘Sāsanena vināmhākaṃ, jīvitena alaṃ mayaṃ;
Pavisitvā mahāraññaṃ, yuñjāma jinasāsane.
‘‘Addasamha tadāraññe, ubbiddhaṃ selamuttamaṃ;
Nisseṇiyā tamāruyha, nisseṇiṃ pātayimhase.
‘‘Tadā ovadi no thero, buddhuppādo sudullabho;
Saddhātidullabhā laddhā, thokaṃ sesañca sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Nipatanti khaṇātītā, anante dukkhasāgare;
Tasmā payogo kattabbo, yāva ṭhāti mune mataṃ.
‘‘Arahā āsi so thero, anāgāmī tadānugo;
Susīlā itare yuttā, devalokaṃ agamhase.
‘‘Nibbuto tiṇṇasaṃsāro, suddhāvāse ca ekako;
Ahañca pakkusāti ca, sabhiyo bāhiyo tathā.
‘‘Kumārakassapo, ceva, tattha tatthūpagā mayaṃ;
Saṃsārabandhanā muttā, gotamenānukampitā.
‘‘Mallesu kusinārāyaṃ, gabbhe jātassa me
sato;
Mātā matā citāruḷhā, tato nippatito ahaṃ.
‘‘Patito dabbapuñjamhi, tato dabboti vissuto;
Brahmacārībalenāhaṃ, vimutto sattavassiko.
‘‘Khīrodanabalenāhaṃ , pañcahaṅgehupāgato;
Khīṇāsavopavādena, pāpehi bahu codito.
‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, vītivattomhi dānihaṃ;
Patvāna paramaṃ santiṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Senāsanaṃ paññāpayiṃ, hāsayitvāna subbate;
Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe…kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃbhūtaṃ pana taṃ yena pubbe ekassa
khīṇāsavattherassa anuddhaṃsanavasena katena pāpakammena bahūni
vassasatasahassāni niraye pacci, tāya eva kammapilotikāya codiyamānā
mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū ‘‘iminā mayaṃ kalyāṇabhattikassa gahapatino antare
paribheditā’’ti duggahitagāhino amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṃsesuṃ.
Tasmiñca adhikaraṇe saṅghena sativinayena vūpasamite ayaṃ thero lokānukampāya
attano guṇe vibhāvento ‘‘yo
duddamiyo’’ti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
5.
Tattha yoti
aniyamitaniddeso, tassa ‘‘so’’ti iminā niyamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ubhayenapi aññaṃ
viya katvā attānameva vadati. Duddamiyoti
duddamo, dametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Idañca attano puthujjanakāle diṭṭhigatānaṃ
visūkāyikānaṃ kilesānaṃ madālepacittassa vipphanditaṃ indriyānaṃ avūpasamanañca
cintetvā vadati. Damenāti
uttamena aggamaggadamena, tena hi danto puna dametabbatābhāvato ‘‘danto’’ti
vattabbataṃ arahati, na aññena. Atha vā damenāti
damakena purisadammasārathinā damito . Dabboti
drabyo, bhabboti attho. Tenāha bhagavā imameva theraṃ sandhāya – ‘‘na kho,
dabba, dabbā evaṃ nibbeṭhentī’’ti (pārā. 384; cūḷava. 193) . Santusitoti
yathāladdhapaccayasantosena jhānasamāpattisantosena maggaphalasantosena ca
santuṭṭho. Vitiṇṇakaṅkhoti
soḷasavatthukāya aṭṭhavatthukāya ca kaṅkhāya paṭhamamaggeneva samugghāṭitattā
vigatakaṅkho. Vijitāvīti
purisājānīyena vijetabbassa sabbassapi saṃkilesapakkhassa vijitattā vidhamitattā
vijitāvī. Apetabheravoti
pañcavīsatiyā bhayānaṃ sabbaso apetattā apagatabheravo abhayūparato .
Puna dabboti
nāmakittanaṃ. Parinibbutoti
dve parinibbānāni kilesaparinibbānañca, yā saupādisesanibbānadhātu,
khandhaparinibbānañca, yā anupādisesanibbānadhātu. Tesu idha kilesaparinibbānaṃ
adhippetaṃ, tasmā pahātabbadhammānaṃ maggena sabbaso pahīnattā
kilesaparinibbānena parinibbutoti attho. Ṭhitattoti
ṭhitasabhāvo acalo iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattiyā lokadhammehi akampanīyo. Hīti
ca hetuatthe nipāto, tena yo pubbe duddamo hutvā ṭhito yasmā dabbattā satthārā
uttamena damena damito santusito vitiṇṇakaṅkho vijitāvī apetabheravo, tasmā so
dabbo parinibbuto tatoyeva ca ṭhitatto, evaṃbhūte ca tasmiṃ cittapasādova
kātabbo, na pasādaññathattanti paraneyyabuddhike satte anukampanto thero aññaṃ
byākāsi.
Dabbattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yo sītavananti āyasmato
sambhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ito kira aṭṭhārasādhikassa kappasatassa
matthake atthadassī nāma sambuddho loke uppajjitvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ
saṃsāramahoghato tārento ekadivasaṃ mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ gaṅgātīraṃ
upagacchi. Tasmiṃ kāle ayaṃ gahapatikule nibbatto tattha bhagavantaṃ passitvā
pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, pāraṃ gantukāmatthā’’ti
pucchi. Bhagavā ‘‘gamissāmā’’ti avoca. So tāvadeva nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ yojetvā
upanesi. Satthā taṃ anukampanto saha bhikkhusaṅghena nāvaṃ abhiruhi. So sayampi
abhiruyha sukheneva paratīraṃ sampāpetvā bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca
dutiyadivase mahādānaṃ pavattetvā anugantvā pasannacitto vanditvā nivatti. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaritvā ito terasādhikakappasatassa
matthake khattiyakule nibbattitvā rājā ahosi cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā. So
satte sugatimagge patiṭṭhāpetvā tato cuto ekanavutikappe vipassissa bhagavato
sāsane pabbajitvā dhutadhamme samādāya susāne vasanto samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Puna
kassapassa bhagavato kālepi tassa sāsane tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā
vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu
saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā
nibbatti. Tassa ‘‘sambhūto’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu
nipphattiṃ gato. Bhūmijo jeyyaseno abhirādhanoti tīhi sahāyehi saddhiṃ bhagavato
santikaṃ gato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Ye sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘Bhūmijo jeyyaseno ca, sambhūto abhirādhano;
Ete dhammaṃ abhiññāsuṃ, sāsane varatādino’’ti.
Atha sambhūto bhagavato santike kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nibaddhaṃ
sītavane vasati. Tenevāyasmā ‘‘sītavaniyo’’ti paññāyittha. Tena ca samayena
vessavaṇo mahārājā kenacideva karaṇīyena jambudīpe dakkhiṇadisābhāgaṃ uddissa
ākāsena gacchanto theraṃ abbhokāse nisīditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontaṃ disvā
vimānato oruyha theraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘yadā thero samādhito vuṭṭhahissati, tadā mama
āgamanaṃ ārocetha, ārakkhañcassa karothā’’ti dve yakkhe āṇāpetvā pakkāmi. Te
therassa samīpe ṭhatvā manasikāraṃ paṭisaṃharitvā nisinnakāle ārocesuṃ. Taṃ
sutvā thero ‘‘tumhe mama vacanena vessavaṇamahārājassa kathetha, bhagavatā
attano sāsane ṭhitānaṃ satiārakkhā nāma ṭhapitā atthi, sāyeva mādise rakkhati,
tvaṃ tattha appossukko hohi, bhagavato ovāde ṭhitānaṃ edisāya ārakkhāya karaṇīyaṃ
natthī’’ti te vissajjetvā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vijjāttayaṃ sacchākāsi.
Tato vessavaṇo nivattamāno therassa samīpaṃ
patvā mukhākārasallakkhaṇenevassa katakiccabhāvaṃ ñatvā sāvatthiṃ gantvā
bhagavato ārocetvā satthu sammukhā theraṃ abhitthavanto –
‘‘Satiārakkhasampanno, dhitimā vīriyasamāhito;
Anujāto satthu sambhūto, tevijjo maccupāragū’’ti. –
Imāya gāthāya therassa guṇe vaṇṇesi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.15-20) –
‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, dvipadindo narāsabho;
Purakkhato sāvakehi, gaṅgātīramupāgami.
‘‘Samatitti kākapeyyā, gaṅgā āsi duruttarā;
Uttārayiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, buddhañca dvipaduttamaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Teraseto kappasate, pañca sabbobhavā ahuṃ;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave asmiṃ, jātohaṃ brāhmaṇe kule;
Saddhiṃ tīhi sahāyehi, pabbajiṃ satthu sāsane.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Athāyasmā sambhūto bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchante bhikkhū disvā ‘‘āvuso, mama
vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadethā’’ti vatvā
dhammādhikaraṇaṃ attano satthu aviheṭhitabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yo
sītavana’’nti gāthamāha. Te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā
sambhūtattherassa sāsanaṃ sampavedentā, ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, sambhūto bhagavato
pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadatī’’ti vatvā taṃ gāthaṃ ārocesuṃ, taṃ sutvā
bhagavā ‘‘paṇḍito, bhikkhave, sambhūto bhikkhu
paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭheti. Vessavaṇena
tassattho mayhaṃ ārocitā’’ti āha.
6.
Yaṃ pana te bhikkhū sambhūtattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘yo
sītavana’’nti gāthaṃ satthu nivedesuṃ. Tattha sītavananti
evaṃnāmakaṃ rājagahasamīpe mahantaṃ bheravasusānavanaṃ. Upagāti
nivāsanavasena upagacchi. Etena bhagavatā anuññātaṃ pabbajitānurūpaṃ
nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ dasseti. Bhikkhūti
saṃsārabhayassa ikkhanato bhinnakilesatāya ca bhikkhu. Ekoti
adutiyo, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Santusitoti
santuṭṭho. Etena catupaccayasantosalakkhaṇaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Samāhitattoti
upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhitacitto, etena cittavivekabhāvanāmukhena
bhāvanārāmaṃ ariyavaṃsaṃ dasseti. Vijitāvīti
sāsane sammāpaṭipajjantena vijetabbaṃ kilesagaṇaṃ vijitvā ṭhito, etena
upadhivivekaṃ dasseti. Bhayahetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ apagatattā apetalomahaṃso, etena
sammāpaṭipattiyā phalaṃ dasseti. Rakkhanti
rakkhanto. Kāyagatāsatinti
kāyārammaṇaṃ satiṃ, kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ paribrūhanavasena avissajjento. Dhitimāti
dhīro, samāhitattaṃ vijitāvibhāvataṃ vā upādāya paṭipattidassanametaṃ.
Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – so bhikkhu vivekasukhānupekkhāya eko sītavanaṃ
upāgami, upāgato ca lolabhāvābhāvato santuṭṭho dhitimā kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhānaṃ
bhāvento tathādhigataṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā āraddhavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
adhigatena aggamaggena samāhito vijitāvī ca hutvā katakiccatāya bhayahetūnaṃ
sabbaso apagatattā apetalomahaṃso jātoti.
Sītavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Bhalliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yopānudīti āyasmato
bhalliyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito ekatiṃse kappe anuppanne
buddhe sumanassa nāma paccekabuddhassa pasannacitto phalāphalaṃ datvā sugatīsu
eva saṃsaranto sikhissa sammāsambuddhassa kāle aruṇavatīnagare brāhmaṇakule
nibbatto ‘‘sikhissa bhagavato paṭhamābhisambuddhassa ujita, ojitā nāma dve
satthavāhaputtā paṭhamāhāraṃ adaṃsū’’ti sutvā attano sahāyakena saddhiṃ
bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā svātanāya nimantetvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā
patthanaṃ akaṃsu – ‘‘ubhopi mayaṃ, bhante, anāgate tumhādisassa buddhassa
paṭhamāhāradāyakā bhaveyyāmā’’ti. Te tattha
tattha bhave puññakammaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsarantā kassapassa bhagavato
kāle gopālakaseṭṭhissa puttā bhātaro hutvā nibbattā. Bahūni vassāni
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ khīrabhojanena upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kāle
pokkharavatīnagare satthavāhassa puttā bhātaro hutvā nibbattā. Tesu jeṭṭho
taphusso nāma, kaniṭṭho bhalliyo nāma, te pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni bhaṇḍassa
pūretvā vāṇijjāya gacchantā bhagavati paṭhamābhisambuddhe sattasattāhaṃ
vimuttisukhadhammapaccavekkhaṇāhi vītināmetvā aṭṭhame sattāhe rājāyatanamūle
viharante rājāyatanassa avidūre mahāmaggena atikkamanti, tesaṃ tasmiṃ samaye
samepi bhūmibhāge akaddamodake sakaṭāni nappavattiṃsu, ‘‘kiṃ nu, kho,
kāraṇa’’nti ca cintentānaṃ porāṇasālohitā devatā rukkhaviṭapantare attānaṃ
dassentī āha – ‘‘mādisā, ayaṃ bhagavā acirābhisambuddho sattasattāhaṃ anāhāro
vimuttisukhāpaṭisaṃvedī idāni rājāyatanamūle nisinno, taṃ āhārena paṭimānetha,
yadassa tumhākaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā te uḷāraṃ
pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentā, ‘‘āhārasampādanaṃ papañca’’nti maññamānā
manthañca madhupiṇḍikañca bhagavato datvā dvevācikasaraṇaṃ gantvā kesadhātuyo
labhitvā agamaṃsu. Te hi paṭhamaṃ upāsakā ahesuṃ. Atha bhagavati bārāṇasiṃ
gantvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā anupubbena rājagahe viharante taphussabhalliyā
rājagahaṃ upagatā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ desesi. Tesu taphusso sotāpattiphale
patiṭṭhāya upāsakova ahosi. Bhalliyo pana pabbajitvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.66-70) –
‘‘Sumano nāma sambuddho, takkarāyaṃ vasī
tadā;
Vallikāraphalaṃ gayha, sayambhussa adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Athekadivasaṃ māro bhalliyattherassa bhiṃsāpanatthaṃ bhayānakaṃ rūpaṃ dassesi.
So attano sabbabhayātikkamaṃ pakāsento ‘‘yopānudī’’ti
gāthamabhāsi.
7.
Tattha yopānudīti
yo apānudi khipi pajahi viddhaṃsesi. Maccurājassāti maccu nāma
maraṇaṃ khandhānaṃ bhedo, so eva ca sattānaṃ attano vase anuvattāpanato
issaraṭṭhena rājāti
maccurājā, tassa. Senanti
jarārogādiṃ, sā hissa vasavattane aṅgabhāvato senā nāma, tena hesa mahatā
nānāvidhena vipulena ‘‘mahāseno’’ti vuccati. Yathāha – ‘‘na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena,
mahāsenena maccunā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.272; jā. 2.22.121; netti. 103). Atha vā
guṇamāraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘maccū’’ti idha devaputtamāro adhippeto, tassa ca
sahāyabhāvūpagamanato kāmādayo senā. Tathā cāha –
‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā, dutiyā arati vuccati;
Tatiyā khuppipāsā te, catutthī taṇhā pavuccati.
‘‘Pañcamī thinamiddhaṃ te, chaṭṭhā bhīrū pavuccati;
Sattamī vicikicchā te, māno makkho ca aṭṭhamī’’ti. (su. ni. 438-439; mahāni.
28;cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47);
Naḷasetuṃvasudubbalaṃ
mahoghoti sāravirahitato naḷasetusadisaṃ ativiya abalabhāvato suṭṭhu
dubbalaṃ saṃkilesasenaṃ navalokuttaradhammānaṃ mahābalavabhāvato mahoghasadisena
aggamaggena yo apānudi vijitāvī apetabheravo
danto, so parinibbuto ṭhitattoti yojanā. Taṃ sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti
tatthevantaradhāyīti.
Bhalliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Vīrattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yoduddamiyoti
āyasmato vīrattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito ekanavute kappe
vipassissa bhagavato vasanaāvāsaṃ paṭijaggi. Ekadivasañca
sindhuvārapupphasadisāni nigguṇṭhipupphāni gahetvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito pañcatiṃse kappe khattiyakule
nibbattitvā mahāpatāpo nāma rājā ahosi cakkavattī. So dhammena samena rajjaṃ
kārento satte saggamagge patiṭṭhāpesi. Puna imasmiṃ kappe kassapassa bhagavato
kāle mahāvibhavo seṭṭhi hutvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ dānaṃ dento saṅghassa
khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha dānamayaṃ puññasambhāraṃ karonto itarañca
nibbānatthaṃ sambharanto devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthinagare rañño pasenadissa amaccakule nibbatti, ‘‘vīro’’tissa nāmaṃ
akaṃsu. So vayappatto nāmānugatehi pattabalajavādiguṇehi samannāgato saṅgāmasūro
hutvā mātāpitūhi nibandhavasena kārite dārapariggahe ekaṃyeva puttaṃ labhitvā
pubbahetunā codiyamāno kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ disvā saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā
ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.21-24) –
‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, āsimārāmiko ahaṃ;
Nigguṇṭhipupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pañcavīse ito kappe, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;
Mahāpatāpanāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā phalasamāpattisukhena vītināmentaṃ theraṃ
purāṇadutiyikā uppabbājetukāmā antarantarā
nānānayehi palobhetuṃ parakkamantī ekadivasaṃ divāvihāraṭṭhānaṃ gantvā
itthikuttādīni dassetuṃ ārabhi. Athāyasmā vīro ‘‘maṃ palobhetukāmā sineruṃ
makasapakkhavātena cāletukāmā viya yāva bālā vatāyaṃ itthī’’ti
tassā kiriyāya niratthakabhāvaṃ dīpento ‘‘yo
duddamiyo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
8.
Tattha yo duddamiyotiādīnaṃ
padānaṃ attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva. Idaṃ panettha yojanāmattaṃ yo pubbe
adanta kilesatāya paccatthikehi vā saṅgamasīse dametuṃ jetuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāyaduddamiyo, idāni
pana uttamena damena danto catubbidhasammappamadhānavīriyasampattiyā vīro, vuttanayeneva
santusito vitiṇṇakaṅkho vijitāvī apetalomahaṃso vīro vīranāmako
anavasesato kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto, tato
eva ṭhitasabhāvo, na tādisānaṃ satenapi sahassenapi cālanīyoti. Taṃ sutvā sā
itthī – ‘‘mayhaṃ sāmike evaṃ paṭipanne ko mayhaṃ gharāvāsena attho’’ti
saṃvegajātā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā nacirasseva tevijjā ahosīti.
Vīrattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Pilindavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Svāgatanti āyasmato
pilindavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarabuddhakāle
haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva satthu santike
dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne
ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā tato cuto
devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle manussaloke nibbattitvā
bhagavati parinibbute satthu thūpassa pūjaṃ katvā saṅghe ca mahādānaṃ pavattetvā
tato cuto devamanussesu eva saṃsaranto anuppanne buddhe cakkavattī rājā hutvā
mahājanaṃ pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpetvā saggaparāyaṇaṃ akāsi. So anuppanneyeva
amhākaṃ bhagavati sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇagehe nibbatti. ‘‘Pilindo’’tissa nāmaṃ
akaṃsu. Vacchoti pana gottaṃ . Tena so
aparabhāge ‘‘pilindavaccho’’ti paññāyittha. Saṃsāre pana saṃvegabahulatāya
paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā cūḷagandhāraṃ nāma vijjaṃ sādhetvā tāya vijjāya
ākāsacārī paracittavidū ca hutvā rājagahe lābhaggayasaggappatto paṭivasati.
Atha yadā amhākaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho hutvā
anukkamena rājagahaṃ upagato, tato paṭṭhāya buddhānubhāvena tassa sā vijjā na
sampajjati, attano kiccaṃ na sādheti. So cintesi – ‘‘sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ
ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘yattha mahāgandhāravijjā dharati, tattha
cūḷagandhāravijjā na sampajjatī’ti, samaṇassa pana gotamassa āgatakālato
paṭṭhāya nāyaṃ mama vijjā sampajjati, nissaṃsayaṃ samaṇo gotamo
mahāgandhāravijjaṃ jānāti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ payirupāsitvā tassa santike taṃ vijjaṃ
pariyāpuṇeyya’’nti. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ, mahāsamaṇa,
tava santike ekaṃ vijjaṃ pariyāpuṇitukāmo, okāsaṃ me karohī’’ti. Bhagavā ‘‘tena
hi pabbajā’’ti āha. So ‘‘vijjāya parikammaṃ pabbajjā’’ti maññamāno pabbaji.
Tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathetvā caritānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So
upanissayasampannatāya nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Yā
pana purimajātiyaṃ tassovāde ṭhatvā sagge
nibbattā devatā, taṃ kataññutaṃ nissāya sañjātabahumānā sāyaṃ pātaṃ theraṃ
payirupāsitvā gacchanti. Tasmā thero devatānaṃ piyamanāpatāya aggataṃ patto.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.2.55-67) –
‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, sumedhe aggapuggale;
Pasannacitto sumano, thūpapūjaṃ akāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ye ca khīṇāsavā tattha, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
Tehaṃ tattha samānetvā, saṅghabhattaṃ akāsahaṃ.
‘‘Sumedhassa bhagavato, upaṭṭhāko tadā ahu;
Sumedho nāma nāmena, anumodittha so tadā.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, vimānaṃ upapajjahaṃ;
Chaḷāsītisahassāni, accharāyo ramiṃsu me.
‘‘Mameva anuvattanti, sabbakāmehi tā sadā;
Aññe deve abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pañcavīsamhi kappamhi, varuṇo nāma khattiyo;
Visuddhabhojano āsiṃ, cakkavattī ahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Na te bījaṃ pavappanti, napi nīyanti naṅgalā;
Akaṭṭhapākimaṃ sāliṃ, paribhuñjanti mānusā.
‘‘Tattha rajjaṃ karitvāna, devattaṃ puna gacchahaṃ;
Tadāpi edisā mayhaṃ, nibbattā bhogasampadā.
‘‘Na maṃ mittā amittā vā, hiṃsanti sabbapāṇino;
Sabbesampi piyo homi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi , yaṃ dānamadadiṃ
tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, gandhālepassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Imasmiṃ bhaddake kappe, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;
Mahānubhāvo rājāhaṃ, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Sohaṃ pañcasu sīlesu, ṭhapetvā janataṃ
bahuṃ;
Pāpetvā sugatiṃyeva, devatānaṃ piyo ahuṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Tathā devatāhi ativiya piyāyitabbabhāvato imaṃ theraṃ bhagavā devatānaṃ
piyamanāpabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ yadidaṃ pilindavaccho’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 215)
so ekadivasaṃ bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno
attano guṇe paccavekkhitvā tesaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ vijjānimittaṃ bhagavato santike
āgamanaṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘svāgataṃ
nāpagata’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
9.
Tattha svāgatanti
sundaraṃ āgamanaṃ, idaṃ mamāti sambandho. Atha vā svāgatanti
suṭṭhu āgataṃ, mayāti vibhatti vipariṇāmetabbā. Nāpagatanti
na apagataṃ hitābhivuddhito na apetaṃ. Nayidaṃ
dumantitaṃ mamāti idaṃ mama duṭṭhu kathitaṃ, duṭṭhu vā vīmaṃsitaṃ na
hoti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ bhagavato santike mamāgamanaṃ, yaṃ vā mayā tattha
āgataṃ, taṃ svāgataṃ, svāgatattāyeva na durāgataṃ. Yaṃ ‘‘bhagavato santike
dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajissāmī’’ti mama mantitaṃ gaditaṃ kathitaṃ, cittena vā
vīmaṃsitaṃ idampi na dummantinti. Idāni tattha kāraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvibhattesū’’tiādimāha. Saṃvibhattesūti
pakārato vibhattesu. Dhammesūti
ñeyyadhammesu samathadhammesu vā, nānātitthiyehi pakatiādivasena,
sammāsambuddhehi dukkhādivasena saṃvibhajitvā vuttadhammesu. Yaṃ
seṭṭhaṃ tadupāgaminti yaṃ tattha seṭṭhaṃ, taṃ catusaccadhammaṃ, tassa vā
bodhakaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ upāgamiṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo ayaṃ vinayo’’ti upagacchiṃ.
Sammāsambuddhehi eva vā kusalādivasena khandhādivasena yathāsabhāvato
saṃvibhattesu sabhāvadhammesu yaṃ tattha seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaraṃ, taṃ
maggaphalanibbānadhammaṃ upāgamiṃ, attapaccakkhato upagacchiṃ sacchākāsiṃ, tasmā
svāgataṃ mama na apagataṃ sumantitaṃ na dummantitanti yojanā.
Pilindavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Vihariapekkhanti
āyasmato puṇṇamāsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira vipassissa bhagavato kāle
cakkavākayoniyaṃ nibbatto bhagavantaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano
mukhatuṇḍakena sālapupphaṃ gahetvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito sattarase kappe aṭṭhakkhattuṃ cakkavattī rājā
ahosi. Imasmiṃ pana kappe kassapassa bhagavato sāsane osakkamāne kuṭumbiyakule
nibbattitvā pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare samiddhissa nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā
nibbatti. Tassa jātadivase tasmiṃ gehe sabbā rittakumbhiyo suvaṇṇamāsānaṃ puṇṇā
ahesuṃ. Tenassa puṇṇamāsoti
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ patvā vivāhakammaṃ katvā
ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā upanissayasampannatāya gharāvāsaṃ jigucchanto bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado
pubbakiccasampanno catusaccakammaṭṭhāne yuttappayutto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.7.13-19) –
‘‘Sindhuyā nadiyā tīre, cakkavāko ahaṃ tadā;
Suddhasevālabhakkhohaṃ, pāpesu ca susaññato.
‘‘Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase;
Tuṇḍena sālaṃ paggayha, vipassissābhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;
Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ so na gacchati.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;
Vihaṅgamena santena, subījaṃ ropitaṃ mayā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sucārudassanā nāma, aṭṭhete ekanāmakā;
Kappe sattarase āsuṃ, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Athassa purāṇadutiyikā taṃ palobhetukāmā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā puttena saddhiṃ
upagantvā piyālāpabhāvādikehi bhāvavivaraṇakammaṃ
nāma kātuṃ ārabhi. Thero tassā kāraṇaṃ disvā attano katthacipi alaggabhāvaṃ
pakāsento ‘‘vihari
apekkha’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
10.
Tattha viharīti
visesato hari apahari apanesi. Apekkhanti
taṇhaṃ. Idhāti
imasmiṃ loke attabhāve vā. Huranti
aparasmiṃ anāgate attabhāve vā. Idhāti
vā ajjhattikesu āyatanesu. Huranti
bāhiresu . Vā-saddo
samuccayattho ‘‘apadā vā dvipadā vā’’tiādīsu (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34; 5.32)
viya. Yoti
attānameva paraṃ viya dasseti. Vedagūti
vedena gato maggañāṇena nibbānaṃ gato adhigato, cattāri vā saccāni
pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayavasena abhisamecca ṭhito. Yatattoti
maggasaṃvarena saṃyatasabhāvo, sammāvāyāmena vā saṃyatasabhāvo. Sabbesu
dhammesu anūpalittoti sabbesu ārammaṇesu dhammesu taṇhādiṭṭhilepavasena
na upalitto, tena lābhādilokadhamme samatikkamaṃ dasseti. Lokassāti
upādānakkhandhapañcakassa. Tañhi lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko. Jaññāti
jānitvā. Udayabbayañcāti
uppādañceva vayañca, etena yathāvuttaguṇānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ dasseti. Ayaṃ
panettha attho – yo sakalassa khandhādilokassa samapaññāsāya ākārehi udayabbayaṃ
jānitvā vedagū yatatto katthaci anupalitto, so sabbattha apekkhaṃ vineyya
santusito tādisānaṃ vippakārānaṃ na kiñci maññati, tasmā tvaṃ andhabāle
yathāgatamaggeneva gacchāti. Atha sā itthī ‘‘ayaṃ samaṇo mayi putte ca
nirapekkho, na sakkā imaṃ palobhetu’’nti pakkāmi.
Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Paramatthadīpaniyā theragāthāsaṃvaṇṇanāya
Paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. Cūḷavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pāmojjabahuloti āyasmato
cūḷavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
daliddakule nibbattitvā paresaṃ bhatiyā jīvikaṃ kappento bhagavato sāvakaṃ
sujātaṃ nāma theraṃ paṃsukūlaṃ pariyesantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā
vatthaṃ datvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandi. So tena puññakammena tettiṃsakkhattuṃ
devarajjaṃ kāresi. Sattasattatikkhattuṃ cakkavattī rājā ahosi.
Anekavāraṃ padesarājā. Evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane
osakkamāne pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussagatīsu
aparāparaṃ parivattanto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kosambiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Cūḷavacchotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato buddhaguṇe sutvā
pasannamānaso bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkami, tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathesi. So
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado katapubbakicco caritānukūlaṃ
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvento vihari. Tena ca samayena kosambikā bhikkhū
bhaṇḍanajātā ahesuṃ. Tadā cūḷavacchatthero ubhayesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ laddhiṃ anādāya
bhagavatā dinnovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ brūhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.31-40) –
‘‘Padumuttarabhagavato, sujāto nāma sāvako;
Paṃsukūlaṃ gavesanto, saṅkāre caratī tadā.
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, paresaṃ bhatako ahaṃ;
Upaḍḍhudussaṃ datvāna, sirasā abhivādayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Sattasattatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ,
gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Upaḍḍhadussadānena, modāmi akutobhayo.
‘‘Icchamāno cahaṃ ajja, sakānanaṃ sapabbataṃ;
Khomadussehi chādeyyaṃ, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, aḍḍhudussassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Atha cūḷavacchatthero arahattaṃ patvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kalahābhiratiyā
sakatthavināsaṃ disvā dhammasaṃvegappatto, attano ca pattavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā
pītisomanassavasena ‘‘pāmojjabahulo’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
11.
Tattha pāmojjabahuloti
suparisuddhasīlatāya vippaṭisārābhāvato adhikusalesu dhammesu abhirativasena
pamodabahulo. Tenevāha ‘‘dhamme
buddhappavedite’’ti. Tattha dhammeti.
Sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhamme navavidhe vā lokuttaradhamme. So hi
sabbaññubuddhena sāmukkaṃsikāya desanāya pakāsitattā sātisayaṃ buddhappavedito
nāma. Tassa pana adhigamūpāyabhāvato desanādhammopi idha labbhateva. Padaṃ
santanti nibbānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Evarūpo hi bhikkhu santaṃ padaṃ santaṃ
koṭṭhāsaṃ sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamabhāvato saṅkhārūpasamaṃ paramasukhatāya sukhaṃ nibbānaṃ
adhigacchati vindatiyeva. Parisuddhasīlo hi bhikkhu vippaṭisārābhāvena
pāmojjabahulo saddhamme yuttappayutto vimuttipariyosānā sabbasampattiyo
pāpuṇāti. Yathāha – ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho ,
ānanda, kusalāni sīlāni, avippaṭisāro pāmojjatthāyā’’tiādi (a. ni. 10.1). Atha
vā pāmojjabahuloti
sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅghoti ratanattayaṃ
sandhāya pamodabahulo. Tattha pana so pamodabahulo kiṃ vā karotīti āha ‘‘dhamme
buddhappavedite’’tiādi. Saddhāsampannassa hi
sappurisasaṃsevanasaddhammassavanayonisomanasikāradhammānudhammapaṭipattīnaṃ
sukheneva sambhavato sampattiyo hatthagatā eva
honti, yathāha – ‘‘saddhājāto upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamanto payirupāsatī’’tiādi
(ma. ni. 2.183).
Cūḷavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Mahāvacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Paññābalīti āyasmato
mahāvacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
bhikkhusaṅghassa ca pānīyadānamadāsi. Puna sikhissa bhagavato kāle upāsako hutvā
vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ akāsi, so tehi puññakammehi tattha tattha
sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe nāḷakagāme samiddhissa
nāma brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa mahāvacchoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto āyasmato sāriputtassa bhagavato sāvakabhāvaṃ sutvā
‘‘sopi nāma mahāpañño. Yassa sāvakattaṃ upāgato, so eva maññe imasmiṃ loke
aggapuggalo’’ti bhagavati saddhaṃ uppādetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā
kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.51-56) –
‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, bhikkhusaṅghe anuttare;
Pasannacitto sumano, pānīyaghaṭamapūrayiṃ.
‘‘Pabbatagge dumagge vā, ākāse vātha bhūmiyaṃ;
Yadā pānīyamicchāmi, khippaṃ nibbattate mama.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ patvā vimuttisukhaṃ
anubhavanto sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanena sabrahmacārīnaṃ
ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘paññābalī’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
12.
Tattha paññābalīti
pārihāriyapaññāya vipassanāpaññāya ca vasena abhiṇhaso sātisayena paññābalena
samannāgato. Sīlavatūpapannoti
ukkaṃsagatena catupārisuddhisīlena, dhutadhammasaṅkhātehi vatehi ca upapanno
samannāgato. Samāhitoti
upacārappanābhedena samādhinā samāhito. Jhānaratoti
tato eva ārammaṇūpanijjhāne lakkhaṇūpanijjhāne ca rato satatābhiyutto.
Sabbakālaṃ satiyā avippavāsavasena satimā.
Yadatthiyanti atthato anapetaṃ atthiyaṃ, yena atthiyaṃ yadatthiyaṃ. Yathā
paccaye paribhuñjantassa paribhuñjanaṃ atthiyaṃ hoti, tathā bhojanaṃ
bhuñjamāno. Sāmiparibhogena hi taṃ atthiyaṃ hoti dāyajjaparibhogena vā,
na aññathā bhojananti ca nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhuñjiyati paribhuñjiyatīti
vā bhojanaṃ, cattāro paccayā. ‘‘Yadatthika’’nti vā pāṭho. Yadatthaṃ yassatthāya
satthārā paccayā anuññātā, tadatthaṃ kāyassa ṭhitiādiatthaṃ, tañca
anupādisesanibbānatthaṃ. Tasmā anupādāparinibbānatthaṃ bhojanapaccaye bhuñjamāno
tato eva kaṅkhetha
kālaṃ attano anupādāparinibbānakālaṃ āgameyya. Idha imasmiṃ
sāsane vītarāgo.
Bāhirakassa pana kāmesu vītarāgassa idaṃ natthīti adhippāyo.
Mahāvacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nīlabbhavaṇṇāti āyasmato
vanavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira atthadassino bhagavato kāle
kacchapayoniyaṃ nibbatto vinatāya nāma nadiyā vasati. Tassa khuddakanāvappamāṇo
attabhāvo ahosi. So kira ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ nadiyā
tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā, ‘‘pāraṃ gantukāmo maññe bhagavā’’ti attano piṭṭhiyaṃ āropetvā
netukāmo pādamūle nipajji. Bhagavā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā taṃ anukampanto āruhi.
So pītisomanassajāto sotaṃ chindanto jiyāya vegena khittasaro viya tāvadeva
paratīraṃ pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa puññassa phalaṃ etarahi nibbattanakasampattiñca
byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto anekasatakkhattuṃ tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
araññavāsīyeva ahosi. Puna kassapabuddhakāle kapotayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā araññe
viharantaṃ mettāvihāriṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā cittaṃ pasādesi.
Tato pana cuto bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto saṃvegajāto
pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññakammaṃ upacini. Evaṃ tattha tattha
devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare vacchagottassa
nāma brāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā paripakkagabbhā araññaṃ
dassanatthāya sañjātadohaḷā araññaṃ pavisitvā vicarati, tāvadevassā kammajavātā
caliṃsu, tirokaraṇiṃ parikkhipitvā adaṃsu. Sā dhaññapuññalakkhaṇaṃ puttaṃ
vijāyi. So bodhisattena saha paṃsukīḷikasahāyo ahosi. ‘‘Vaccho’’tissa nāmañca
ahosi. Vanābhiratiyā vasena vanavacchoti
paññāyittha. Aparabhāge mahāsatte mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā mahāpadhānaṃ
padahante, ‘‘ahampi siddhatthakumārena saha araññe viharissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavante vasanto abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ sutvā bhagavato
santikaṃ upagantvā pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe vasamāno nacirasseva
vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49-148-163) –
‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
Vinatānadiyā tīraṃ, upagacchi tathāgato.
‘‘Udakā abhinikkhamma, kacchapo vārigocaro;
Buddhaṃ tāretukāmohaṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Abhirūhatu maṃ buddho, atthadassī mahāmuni;
Ahaṃ taṃ tārayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, atthadassī mahāyaso;
Abhirūhitvā me piṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhāsi lokanāyako.
‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi
viññutaṃ;
Sukhaṃ me tādisaṃ natthi, phuṭṭhe pādatale yathā.
‘‘Uttaritvāna sambuddho, atthadassī mahāyaso;
Naditīramhi ṭhatvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yāvatā vattate cittaṃ, gaṅgāsotaṃ tarāmahaṃ;
Ayañca kacchapo rājā, tāresi mama paññavā.
‘‘Iminā buddhataraṇena, mettacittavatāya ca;
Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati.
‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, sukkamūlena codito;
Ekāsane nisīditvā, kaṅkhāsotaṃ tarissati.
‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;
Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.
‘‘Tathevidaṃ buddhakhettaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;
Sammādhāre pavecchante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.
‘‘Padhānapahitattomhi, upasanto nirūpadhi;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ pana arahattaṃ
patvā bhagavati kapilavatthusmiṃ viharante tattha gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā
bhikkhūhi samāgato paṭisanthāravasena ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, araññe phāsuvihāro
laddho’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘ramaṇīyā, āvuso, araññe pabbatā’’ti attanā vuṭṭhapabbate
vaṇṇento ‘‘nīlabbhavaṇṇā’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
13.
Tattha nīlabbhavaṇṇāti
nīlavalāhakanibhā nīlavalāhakasaṇṭhānā ca. Rucirāti
ruciyā sakiraṇā pabhassarā ca. Sītavārīti
sītalasalilā. Sucindharāti
sucisuddhabhūmibhāgatāya suddhacittānaṃ vā ariyānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānatāya
sucindharā. Gāthāsukhatthañhi sānunāsikaṃ katvā niddeso.
‘‘Sītavārisucindharā’’tipi pāṭho, sītasucivāridharā
sītalavimalasalilāsayavantoti attho. Indagopakasañchannāti
indagopakanāmakehi pavāḷavaṇṇehi rattakimīhi sañchāditā pāvussakālavasena
evamāha. Keci pana ‘‘indagopakanāmāni rattatiṇānī’’ti vadanti. Apare
‘‘kaṇikārarukkhā’’ti. Selāti
silāmayā pabbatā, na paṃsupabbatāti attho. Tenāha – ‘‘yathāpi pabbato selo’’ti
(udā. 24). Ramayanti
manti maṃ ramāpenti, mayhaṃ vivekābhirattiṃ paribrūhenti. Evaṃ thero
attano cirakālaparibhāvitaṃ araññābhiratiṃ pavedento tividhaṃ vivekābhiratimeva
dīpeti. Tattha upadhivivekena aññābyākaraṇaṃ dīpitameva hotīti.
Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Sivakasāmaṇeragāthāvaṇṇanā
Upajjhāyoti sivakassa sāmaṇerassa gāthā. Kā
uppatti? So kira ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto
ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ paviṭṭho tattha pabbatantare nisinnaṃ
vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha
aṭṭhāsi. Puna tattha manoharāni kāsumārikaphalāni disvā tāni gahetvā bhagavato
upanesi, paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane mātule pabbajante tena
saddhiṃ pabbajitvā bahuṃ vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde vanavacchattherassa bhāgineyyo hutvā nibbatto, sivakotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa mātā attano jeṭṭhabhātike vanavacche sāsane pabbajitvā
pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā araññe viharante taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā puttaṃ āha
– ‘‘tāta sivaka, therassa santike pabbajitvā
theraṃ upaṭṭhaha, mahallako dāni thero’’ti. So mātu ekavacaneneva
ca pubbe katādhikāratāya ca mātulattherassa santikaṃ gantvā pabbajitvā taṃ
upaṭṭhahanto araññe vasati.
Tassa ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena gāmantaṃ gatassa kharo ābādho uppajji.
Manussesu bhesajjaṃ karontesupi na paṭippassambhi. Tasmiṃ cirāyante thero
‘‘sāmaṇero cirāyati, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti tattha gantvā taṃ gilānaṃ disvā
tassa taṃ taṃ kattabbayuttakaṃ karonto divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā rattibhāge
balavapaccūsavelāyaṃ āha – ‘‘sivaka, na mayā pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya gāme
vasitapubbaṃ, ito araññameva gacchāmā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā sivako ‘‘yadipi me, bhante,
idāni kāyo gāmante ṭhito, cittaṃ pana araññe, tasmā sayānopi araññameva
gamissāmī’’ti, taṃ sutvā thero taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā araññameva netvā ovādaṃ
adāsi. So therassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.38.53-58) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ
pabbatantare;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, kire katvāna añjaliṃ;
Kāsumārikamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So arahattaṃ patvā upajjhāyena attanā ca vuttamatthaṃ saṃsanditvā attano
vivekābhiratikataṃ katakiccatañca pavedento ‘‘upajjhāyo
maṃ avacā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
14.
Tattha upajjhāyoti
vajjāvajjaṃ upanijjhāyati hitesitaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ñāṇacakkhunā pekkhatīti
upajjhāyo. Manti
attānaṃ vadati. Avacāti
abhāsi. Ito gacchāma
sīvakāti vuttākāradassanaṃ, sivaka, ito gāmantato araññaṭṭhānameva ehi
gacchāma, tadeva amhākaṃ vasanayogganti adhippāyo.
Evaṃ pana upajjhāyena vutto sivako bhadro assājānīyo viya kasābhihato
sañjātasaṃvego hutvā araññameva gantukāmataṃ pavedento –
‘‘Gāme me vasati kāyo, araññaṃ me gataṃ mano;
Semānakopi gacchāmi, natthi saṅgo vijānata’’nti. –āha;
Tassattho – yasmā idāni yadipi me idaṃ sarīraṃ gāmante ṭhitaṃ, ajjhāsayo pana
araññameva gato, tasmā semānakopi gacchāmi gelaññena ṭhānanisajjāgamanesu
asamatthatāya sayānopi iminā sayitākārena sarīsapo viya sarīsapanto, etha,
bhante, araññameva gacchāma, kasmā? Natthi
saṅgo vijānatanti, yasmā dhammasabhāvā kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ,
nekkhamme nibbāne ca ānisaṃsaṃ yāthāvato jānantassa na katthaci saṅgo, tasmā
ekapadeneva upajjhāyassa āṇā anuṭhitāti, tadapadesena aññaṃ byākāsi.
Sivakasāmaṇeragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañcachinde
pañca jaheti āyasmato kuṇḍadhānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe uppanno vayappatto heṭṭhā
vuttanayeneva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ
paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ
patthetvā tadanurūpaṃ puññaṃ karonto vicari. So ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa
bhagavato nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya nisinnassa manosilācuṇṇapiñjaraṃ mahantaṃ
kadaliphalakaṇṇikaṃ upanesi, taṃ bhagavā paṭiggahetvā paribhuñji. So tena
puññakammena ekādasakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāresi. Catuvīsativāre rājā ahosi
cakkavattī. Evaṃ so punappunaṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto
kassapabuddhakāle bhummadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañca nāma
na anvaddhamāsiko uposatho hoti. Tathā hi vipassissa bhagavato chabbassantare
chabbassantare uposatho ahosi. Kassapadasabalo pana chaṭṭhe chaṭṭhe māse
pātimokkhaṃ osāresi. Tassa pātimokkhassa osāraṇakāle disāvāsikā dve sahāyakā
bhikkhū ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmā’’ti gacchanti.
Ayaṃ bhummadevatā cintesi – ‘‘imesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ metti ativiya daḷhā, kiṃ
nu kho, bhedake sati bhijjeyya, na bhijjeyyā’’ti, sā tesaṃ okāsaṃ olokayamānā
tesaṃ avidūreneva gacchati. Atheko thero ekassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā
sarīravaḷañjanatthaṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā
dhotahatthapādo hutvā gumbasamīpato nikkhamati bhummadevatā tassa therassa
pacchato uttamarūpā itthī hutvā kese vidhunitvā saṃvidhāya sambandhantī viya piṭṭhiyaṃ
paṃsuṃ puñchamānā viya sāṭakaṃ saṃvidhāya nivāsayamānā viya ca hutvā therassa
padānupadikā hutvā gumbato nikkhantā. Ekamante ṭhito sahāyakatthero taṃ kāraṇaṃ
disvāva domanassajāto ‘‘naṭṭho dāni me iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dīgharattānugato
sineho, sacāhaṃ evaṃvidhabhāvaṃ jāneyyaṃ, ettakaṃ addhānaṃ iminā saddhiṃ
vissāsaṃ na kareyya’’nti cintetvā āgacchantassevassa, ‘‘handāvuso, tuyhaṃ
pattacīvaraṃ, tādisena pāpena saddhiṃ ekamaggaṃ nāgacchāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ kathaṃ
sutvā tassa lajjibhikkhuno hadayaṃ tikhiṇasattiṃ gahetvā viddhaṃ viya ahosi.
Tato naṃ āha – ‘‘āvuso, kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadasi, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkaṭamattampi
āpattiṃ na jānāmi. Tvaṃ pana maṃ ajja ‘pāpo’ti vadasi, kiṃ te diṭṭha’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ
aññena diṭṭhena, kiṃ tvaṃ evaṃvidhena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena mātugāmena saddhiṃ
ekaṭṭhāne hutvā nikkhanto’’ti. ‘‘Natthetaṃ, āvuso, mayhaṃ, nāhaṃ evarūpaṃ
mātugāmaṃ passāmī’’ti. Tassa yāvatatiyaṃ kathentassāpi itaro thero kathaṃ
asaddahitvā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃyeva bhūtattaṃ katvā gaṇhanto tena saddhiṃ
ekamaggena agantvā aññena maggena satthu
santikaṃ gato. Itaropi bhikkhu aññena maggena satthu santikaṃyeva gato.
Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa uposathāgāraṃ pavisanavelāya so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ
uposathagge sañjānitvā, ‘‘imasmiṃ uposathagge evarūpo nāma pāpabhikkhu atthi,
nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāmī’’ti nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Atha
bhummadevatā ‘‘bhāriyaṃ mayā kammaṃ kata’’nti mahallakaupāsakavaṇṇena tassa
santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, bhante, ayyo imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhito’’ti āha. ‘‘Upāsaka,
imaṃ uposathaggaṃ eko pāpabhikkhu paviṭṭho, ‘nāhaṃ tena
saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karomī’ti bahi ṭhitomhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, mā evaṃ gaṇhatha,
parisuddhasīlo esa bhikkhu. Tumhehi diṭṭhamātugāmo nāma ahaṃ, mayā tumhākaṃ
vīmaṃsanatthāya ‘daḷhā nu kho imesaṃ therānaṃ metti, no daḷhā’ti
bhijjanābhijjanabhāvaṃ olokentena taṃ kammaṃ kata’’nti. ‘‘Ko pana, tvaṃ
sappurisā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ ekā bhummadevatā, bhante’’ti devaputto kathento
dibbānubhāvena ṭhatvā therassa pādesu nipatitvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, khamatha, etaṃ
dosaṃ thero na jānāti, uposathaṃ karothā’’ti theraṃ yācitvā uposathaggaṃ
pavesesi. So thero uposathaṃ tāva ekaṭṭhāne akāsi, mittasanthavavasena pana puna
tena saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne ahosīti. Imassa therassa kammaṃ na kathīyati,
cuditakatthero pana aparāparaṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Bhummadevatā tassa kammassa nissandena ekaṃ
buddhantaraṃ apāyabhayato na muccittha. Sace pana kismiñci kāle manussattaṃ
āgacchati, aññena yena kenaci kato doso tasseva upari patati. So amhākaṃ
bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. ‘‘Dhānamāṇavo’’tissa nāmaṃ
akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā mahallakakāle satthu dhammadesanaṃ
sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya ekā
alaṅkatapaṭiyattā itthī tasmiṃ gāmaṃ pavisante
saddhiṃyeva gāmaṃ pavisati, nikkhamante nikkhamati. Vihāraṃ pavisantepi saddhiṃ
pavisati, tiṭṭhantepi tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ niccānubandhā paññāyati. Thero taṃ na
passati. Tassa puna purimakammanissandena sā aññesaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Gāme yāguṃ
bhikkhañca dadamānā itthiyo ‘‘bhante, ayaṃ eko yāguuḷuṅko tumhākaṃ, eko imissā
amhākaṃ sahāyikāyā’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Therassa mahatī vihesā hoti.
Vihāragatampi naṃ sāmaṇerā ceva daharā bhikkhū ca parivāretvā ‘‘dhāno koṇḍo
jāto’’ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Athassa teneva kāraṇena kuṇḍadhānattheroti
nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So uṭṭhāya samuṭṭhāya tehi kariyamānaṃ keḷiṃ sahituṃ asakkonto
ummādaṃ gahetvā ‘‘tumhe koṇḍā, tumhākaṃ upajjhāyo koṇḍo, ācariyo koṇḍo’’ti
vadati. Atha naṃ satthu ārocesuṃ ‘‘kuṇḍadhāno, bhante, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ
evaṃ pharusavācaṃ vadatī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dhāna,
sāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ pharusavācaṃ vadasī’’ti vatvā tena ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vutte
‘‘kasmā evaṃ vadesī’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhante, nibaddhaṃ vihesaṃ asahanto evaṃ
kathemī’’ti. ‘‘Tvaṃ pubbe katakammaṃ yāvajjadivasā jīrāpetuṃ na sakkosi, puna
evarūpaṃ pharusaṃ māvadī bhikkhū’’ti vatvā āha –
‘‘Māvoca pharusaṃ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu taṃ;
Dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu taṃ.
‘‘Sace neresi attānaṃ, kaṃso upahato yathā;
Esa pattosi nibbānaṃ, sārambho te na vijjatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 133-134);
Imañca pana tassa therassa mātugāmena saddhiṃ vicaraṇabhāvaṃ kosalaraññopi
kathayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe, vīmaṃsathā’’ti pesetvā sayampi mandeneva
parivārena therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ekamante olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe
thero sūcikammaṃ karonto nisinno hoti, sāpi itthī avidūre ṭhāne ṭhitā viya
paññāyati. Rājā disvā ‘‘atthidaṃ kāraṇa’’nti tassā ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ
agamāsi. Sā tasmiṃ āgacchante therassa vasanapaṇṇasālaṃ paviṭṭhā viya ahosi.
Rājāpi tāya saddhiṃ tameva paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā sabbattha olokento adisvā ‘‘nāyaṃ
mātugāmo, therassa eko kammavipāko’’ti saññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ therassa samīpena
gacchantopi theraṃ avanditvā tassa kāraṇassa abhūtabhāvaṃ ñatvā āgamma theraṃ
vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno ‘‘kacci, bhante, piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti pucchi.
Thero ‘‘vaṭṭati, mahārājā’’ti āha. ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, ayyassa kathaṃ,
evarūpena parikkilesena saddhiṃ carantānaṃ tumhākaṃ ke nāma pasīdissanti, ito
paṭṭhāya vo katthaci gamanakiccaṃ natthi, ahaṃ catūhi
paccayehi tumhe upaṭṭhahissāmi, tumhe yoniso manasikāre mā pamajjitthā’’ti
nibaddhabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā
bhojanasappāyena ekaggacitto hutvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tato
paṭṭhāya sā itthī antaradhāyi.
Tadā mahāsubhaddā ugganagare micchādiṭṭhikakule vasamānā ‘‘satthā maṃ
anukampatū’’ti uposathaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirāmagandhā hutvā uparipāsādatale ṭhitā
‘‘imāni pupphāni antare aṭṭhatvā dasabalassa matthake vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhantu,
dasabalo imāya saññāya sve pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ
gaṇhatū’’ti saccakiriyaṃ katvā aṭṭha sumanapupphamuṭṭhiyo vissajjesi. Pupphāni
gantvā dhammadesanāvelāya satthu matthake vitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā taṃ
sumanapupphavitānaṃ disvā citteneva subhaddāya bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetvā punadivase
aruṇe uṭṭhite ānandattheraṃ āha – ‘‘ānanda, mayaṃ ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ
gamissāma, puthujjanānaṃ adatvā ariyānaṃyeva salākaṃ dehī’’ti. Thero bhikkhūnaṃ
ārocesi – ‘‘āvuso, satthā ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissati, puthujjanā mā
gaṇhantu, ariyāva salākaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti. Kuṇḍadhānatthero ‘‘āhara, āvuso
salāka’’nti paṭhamaṃyeva hatthaṃ pasāresi. Ānando ‘‘satthā tādisānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ
salākaṃ na dāpeti, ariyānaṃyeva dāpetī’’ti vitakkaṃ uppādetvā gantvā satthu
ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘āharāpentassa salākaṃ dehī’’ti āha. Thero cintesi – ‘‘sace
kuṇḍadhānassa salākā dātuṃ na yuttā, atha satthā paṭibāheyya, bhavissati ettha
kāraṇa’’nti ‘‘kuṇḍadhānassa salākaṃ dassāmī’’ti gamanaṃ
abhinīhari. Kuṇḍadhāno tassa pure āgamanā eva abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ
samāpajjitvā iddhiyā ākāse ṭhatvā ‘‘āharāvuso, ānanda, satthā maṃ jānāti,
mādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na satthā nivāretī’’ti hatthaṃ
pasāretvā salākaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ imasmiṃ sāsane
paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne
ṭhapesi. Yasmā ayaṃ thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā sappāyāhāralābhena samāhitacitto
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto upanissayasampannatāya chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.4.1-16) –
‘‘Sattāhaṃ paṭisallīnaṃ, sayambhuṃ aggapuggalaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.
‘‘Vuṭṭhitaṃ kālamaññāya, padumuttaraṃ mahāmuniṃ;
Mahantiṃ kadalīkaṇṇiṃ, gahetvā upagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Paṭiggahetvā bhagavā, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Mama cittaṃ pasādento, paribhuñji mahāmuni.
‘‘Paribhuñjitvā sambuddho, satthavāho anuttaro;
Sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Ye ca santi samitāro, yakkhā imamhi pabbate;
Araññe bhūtabhabyāni, suṇantu vacanaṃ mama.
‘‘Yo so buddhaṃ upaṭṭhāsi, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Ekādasañcakkhattuṃ so, devarājā bhavissati;
Catuvīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Akkositvāna samaṇe, sīlavante anāsave;
Pāpakammavipākena, nāmadheyyaṃ labhissati.
‘‘Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Kuṇḍadhānoti nāmena, sāvako so bhavissati.
‘‘Pavivekamanuyutto, jhāyī jhānarato ahaṃ;
Tosayitvāna satthāraṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Sāvakehi parivuto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, salākaṃ gāhayī jino.
‘‘Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, vanditvā lokanāyakaṃ;
Vadataṃ varassa purato, paṭhamaṃ aggahesahaṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena bhagavā, dasasahassikampako;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi maṃ.
‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ,
yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃbhūtassapi imassa therassa guṇe ajānantā ye puthujjanā bhikkhū tadā paṭhamaṃ
salākaggahaṇe ‘‘kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti samacintesuṃ. Tesaṃ vimatividhamanatthaṃ
thero ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ
byākaronto ‘‘pañca
chinde’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
15.
Tattha pañca chindeti
apāyūpapattinibbattanakāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pāde bandhanarajjukaṃ
viya puriso satthena heṭṭhimamaggattayena chindeyya pajaheyya. Pañca
jaheti uparidevalokūpapattihetubhūtāni pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni
puriso gīvāya bandhanarajjukaṃ viya arahattamaggena jaheyya, chindeyya vāti
attho. Pañca cuttari
bhāvayeti tesaṃyeva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya saddhādīni
pañcindriyāni uttari anāgāmimaggādhigamato upari bhāveyya aggamaggādhigamavasena
vaḍḍheyya. Pañcasaṅgātigoti
evaṃbhūto pana pañcannaṃ rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ atikkamanena pahānena
pañcasaṅgātigo hutvā. Bhikkhuoghatiṇṇoti
vuccatīti sabbathā bhinnakilesatāya bhikkhūti, kāmabhavadiṭṭhiavijjoghe
taritvā tesaṃ pārabhūte nibbāne ṭhitoti ca vuccatīti attho.
Kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Belaṭṭhasīsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathāpibhaddo
ājaññoti āyasmato belaṭṭhasīsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto
upanissayasampattiyā abhāvena visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ
pana bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito ekatiṃse kappe
vessabhuṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto mātuluṅgaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena
puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatito sugatiṃ
upagacchanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatto bhagavato
abhisambodhiyā puretarameva uruvelakassapassa santike
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aggiṃ paricaranto uruvelakassapadamane ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva.
54; saṃ. ni. 4.28) purāṇajaṭilasahassena saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.68-73) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;
Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Mātuluṅgaphalaṃ gayha, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;
Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ adhigatārahatto āyasmato
dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa upajjhāyo ayaṃ thero ekadivasaṃ phalasamāpattito uṭṭhāya
taṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ attano pubbayogañca paccavekkhitvā
pītivegavasena ‘‘yathāpi
bhaddo ājañño’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
16.
Tattha yathāpīti
opammapaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Bhaddoti
sundaro thāmabalasamatthajavaparakkamādisampanno. Ājaññoti
ājānīyo jātimā kāraṇākāraṇānaṃ ājānanako. So tividho usabhājañño assājañño
hatthājaññoti. Tesu usabhājañño idhādhippeto. So ca kho chekakasanakicce
niyutto, tenāha ‘‘naṅgalāvattanī’’ti.
Naṅgalassa phālassa āvattanako, naṅgalaṃ ito cito ca āvattetvā khette kasanakoti
attho. Naṅgalaṃ vā āvattayati etthāti naṅgalāvattaṃ ,
khette naṅgalapatho, tasmiṃ naṅgalāvattani. Gāthāsukhatthañhettha ‘‘vattanī’’ti
dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Sikhīti
matthake avaṭṭhānato sikhāsadisatāya sikhā, siṅgaṃ. Tadassa atthīti sikhī. Apare
pana ‘‘kakudhaṃ idha ‘sikhā’ti adhippeta’’nti vadanti, ubhayathāpi
padhānaṅgakittanametaṃ ‘‘sikhī’’ti. Appakasirenāti
appakilamathena. Rattindivāti
rattiyo divā ca, evaṃ mamaṃ appakasirena gacchantīti yojanā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –
yathā ‘‘bhaddo usabhājānīyo kasane niyutto ghanatiṇamūlādikepi naṅgalapathe taṃ
agaṇento appakasirena ito cito ca parivattento gacchati, yāva kasanatiṇānaṃ
parissamaṃ dasseti, evaṃ mamaṃ rattindivāpi appakasireneva gacchanti
atikkamantī’’ti. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘sukhe
laddhe nirāmise’’ti. Yasmā kāmāmisalokāmisavaṭṭāmisehi asammissaṃ
santaṃ paṇītaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ laddhaṃ, tasmāti attho. Paccatte cetaṃ
bhummavacanaṃ yathā ‘‘vanappagumbe’’ (khu. pā. 6.13; su. ni. 236) ‘‘tena vata re
vattabbe’’ti (kathā. 1) ca. Atha vā tato pabhuti rattindivā appakasirena
gacchantīti vicāraṇāya āha – ‘‘sukhe laddhe nirāmise’’ti, nirāmise sukhe laddhe
sati tassa laddhakālato paṭṭhāyāti attho.
Belaṭṭhasīsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Dāsakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Middhīyadāti
āyasmato dāsakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekanavute kappe
anuppanne tathāgate ajitassa nāma paccekabuddhassa gandhamādanato manussapathaṃ
otaritvā aññatarasmiṃ gāme piṇḍāya carantassa manoramāni ambaphalāni adāsi. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane
pabbajitvā vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ puññaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ kusalakammappasuto hutvā
sugatito sugatiṃ upagacchanto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbatti. Dāsakotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā vihārapaṭijagganakamme ṭhapito
sakkaccaṃ vihāraṃ paṭijagganto abhiṇhaṃ buddhadassanena dhammassavanena ca
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Keci pana bhaṇanti – ‘‘ayaṃ kassapassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto aññataraṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ upaṭṭhahanto kiñci
kammaṃ kārāpetukāmo theraṃ āṇāpesi. So tena kammena amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle
sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatto vayappatto seṭṭhinā
vihārapaṭijaggane ṭhapito vuttanayeneva paṭiladdhasaddho ahosi. Mahāseṭṭhi tassa
sīlācāraṃ ajjhāsayañca ñatvā bhujissaṃ katvā ‘yathāsukhaṃ pabbajā’ti āha. Taṃ
bhikkhū pabbājesu’’nti. So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya kusīto hīnavīriyo hutvā na
kiñci vattapaṭivattaṃ karoti, kuto samaṇadhammaṃ, kevalaṃ yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā
niddābahulo viharati. Dhammassavanakālepi ekaṃ koṇaṃ pavisitvā parisapariyante
nisinno ghurughurupassāsī niddāyateva. Athassa bhagavā pubbūpanissayaṃ oloketvā
saṃvegajananatthaṃ ‘‘middhī
yadā hoti mahagghaso cā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
17.
Tattha middhīti
thinamiddhābhibhūto, yañhi middhaṃ abhibhavati, taṃ thinampi abhibhavateva. Yadāti
yasmiṃ kāle. Mahagghasoti
mahābhojano, āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatthavaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakānaṃ aññataro
viya. Niddāyitāti
supanasīlo. Samparivattasāyīti
samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ nipajjitvā ubhayenapi seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ
middhasukhaṃ anuyuttoti dasseti. Nivāpapuṭṭhoti
kuṇḍakādinā sūkarabhattena puṭṭho bharito. Gharasūkaro hi bālakālato paṭṭhāya
posiyamāno thūlasarīrakāle gehā bahi nikkhamituṃ alabhanto heṭṭhāmañcādīsu samparivattetvā
samparivattetvā sayateva. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadā puriso middhī ca hoti
mahagghaso ca nivāpapuṭṭho mahāvarāho viya aññena iriyāpathena yāpetuṃ asakkonto
niddāyanasīlo samparivattasāyī, tadā so ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti tīṇi
lakkhaṇāni manasikātuṃ na sakkoti. Tesaṃ amanasikārā mandapañño punappunaṃ
gabbhaṃ upeti, gabbhāvāsato na parimuccatevāti. Taṃ sutvā dāsakatthero
saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.74, 80-84) –
‘‘Ajito nāma sambuddho, himavante vasī tadā;
Caraṇena ca sampanno, samādhikusalo muni.
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇe sambuddhe, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahe;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjante, ambaphalamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero imāya gāthāya maṃ bhagavā ovadi, ‘‘ayaṃ gāthā mayhaṃ
aṅkusabhūtā’’ti tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Tayidaṃ therassa parivattāhāranayena
aññābyākaraṇaṃ jātaṃ.
Dāsakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Siṅgālapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ahu buddhassa dāyādoti
siṅgālakapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito catunavute kappe
sataraṃsiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā
attano hatthagataṃ tālaphalaṃ adāsi. Tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto sāsane
paṭiladdhasaddho hutvā pabbajitvā aṭṭhikasaññaṃ bhāvesi. Puna imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā
ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā tassa ‘‘siṅgālako’’ti nāmaṃ akāsi. Tena naṃ siṅgālakapitāti
voharanti. So aparabhāge gharabandhanaṃ pahāya sāsane pabbaji. Tassa bhagavā
ajjhāsayaṃ olokento aṭṭhikasaññākammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā bhaggesu
viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane, athassa tasmiṃ vane adhivatthā devatā
ussāhajananatthaṃ ‘‘bhāvanāphalaṃ nacirasseva hatthagataṃ karissatī’’ti
imamatthaṃ aññāpadesena vibhāventī ‘‘ahu
buddhassa dāyādo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
18.
Tattha ahūti
hoti, vattamānatthe hi idaṃ atītakālavacanaṃ. Buddhassāti
sabbaññubuddhassa. Dāyādoti
dhammadāyādo navavidhassa lokuttaradhammadāyassa attano sammāpaṭipattiyā ādāyako
gaṇhanako. Atha vā ahūti
ahosi. Evaṃnāmassa buddhassa dāyādabhāve koci vibandho idāneva bhavissatīti
adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘maññehaṃ
kāmarāgaṃ so, khippameva vahissatī’’ti. Bhesakaḷāvaneti
bhesakena nāma yakkhena labhitattā pariggahitattā, bhesakaḷānaṃ vā kaṭṭhādīnaṃ
bahulatāya ‘‘bhesakaḷāvana’’nti laddhanāme araññe. Tassa bhikkhuno buddhassa
dāyādabhāve kāraṇaṃ vadanto ‘‘kevalaṃ
aṭṭhisaññāya, apharī pathaviṃ ima’’nti āha. Tattha kevalanti
sakalaṃ anavasesaṃ. Aṭṭhisaññāyāti
aṭṭhikabhāvanāya. Apharīti
‘‘aṭṭhī’’ti adhimuccanavasena patthari. Pathavinti
attabhāvapathaviṃ. Attabhāvo hi idha ‘‘pathavī’’ti vutto ‘‘ko imaṃ pathaviṃ
viccessatī’’tiādīsu viya. Maññehanti
maññe ahaṃ. ‘‘Maññāha’’ntipi pāṭho. Soti
so bhikkhu. Khippameva nacirasseva
kāmarāgaṃ pahissati pajahissatīti maññe. Kasmā? Aṭṭhikasaññāya kāmarāgassa
ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo ekasmiṃ padese laddhāya
atthikasaññāya sakalaṃ attano sabbesaṃ vā attabhāvaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhī’’tveva
pharitvā ṭhito, so bhikkhu taṃ aṭṭhikajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanto nacireneva
anāgāmimaggena kāmarāgaṃ , sabbaṃ vā
kāmanaṭṭhena ‘‘kāmo’’, rañjanaṭṭhena ‘‘rāgo’’ti ca laddhanāmaṃ taṇhaṃ
aggamaggena pajahissatīti. Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā so thero ‘‘ayaṃ devatā mayhaṃ
ussāhajananatthaṃ evamāhā’’ti appaṭivānavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.85-90) –
‘‘Sataraṃsī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;
Vivekā uṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.
‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ
narāsabhaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, tālaphalamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā tāya devatāya vuttavacanaṃ patimānento tameva gāthaṃ
udānavasena abhāsi. Tadevassa therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Siṅgālapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Kulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Udakañhi nayantīti āyasmato
kulattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira thero pubbepi vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ
kusalaṃ upacinitvā adhikārasampanno vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāse gacchantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso nāḷikeraphalaṃ dātukāmo aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa cittaṃ ñatvā
otaritvā paṭiggaṇhi. So ativiya pasannacitto hutvā teneva saddhāpaṭilābhena
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci, satthā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpesi
– ‘‘imaṃ purisaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. So pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado samaṇadhammaṃ
katvā tato cuto chapi buddhantarāni devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Kulotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto sāsane laddhappasādo bhagavato santike pabbajitvā
vikkhepabahulatāya visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya
pavisanto antarāmagge bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā udakavāhakaṃ
katvā icchiticchitaṭṭhāne udakaṃ nente purise disvā taṃ sallakkhetvā gāmaṃ
paviṭṭho aññataraṃ usukāraṃ usudaṇḍakaṃ usuyante pakkhipitvā akkhikoṭiyā
oloketvā ujuṃ karontaṃ disvā tampi sallakkhetvā gacchanto purato gantvā
araneminābhiādike rathacakkāvayave tacchante tacchake disvā tampi sallakkhetvā
vihāraṃ pavisitvā katabhattakicco pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā divāvihāre nisinno
attanā diṭṭhanimittāni upamābhāvena gahetvā attano cittadamane upanento
‘‘acetanaṃ udakampi manussā icchikicchitaṭṭhānaṃ nayanti tathā acetanaṃ vaṅkampi
saradaṇḍaṃ upāyena namento ujuṃ karonti ,
tathā acetanaṃ kaṭṭhakaḷiṅgarādiṃ tacchakā nemiādivasena vaṅkaṃ ujuñca karonti.
Atha kasmā ahaṃ sakacittaṃ ujuṃ na karissāmī’’ti cintetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.91-99) –
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, ārāmiko ahaṃ tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase.
‘‘Nāḷikeraphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Ākāse ṭhitako santo, paṭiggaṇhi mahāyaso.
‘‘Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho;
Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, vippasannena cetasā.
‘‘Adhigacchiṃ tadā pītiṃ, vipulañca sukhuttamaṃ;
Uppajjateva ratanaṃ, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;
Abhiññāpāramippatto, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ yāni nimittāni aṅkuse katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, tehi
saddhiṃ attano cittadamanaṃ saṃsanditvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘udakañhi
nayanti nettikā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
19.
Tattha udakaṃ hīti hi-saddo
nipātamattaṃ. Nayantīti
pathaviyā taṃ taṃ thalaṭṭhānaṃ khaṇitvā ninnaṭṭhānaṃ pūretvā mātikaṃ vā katvā
rukkhadoṇiṃ vā ṭhapetvā attano icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ nenti. Tathā te nentīti nettikā.
Tejananti kaṇḍaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – nettikā attano ruciyā
icchiticchitaṭṭhānaṃ udakaṃ nayanti,
usukārāpi tāpetvā tejanaṃ namayanti ujuṃ
karonti. Namanavasena tacchakā nemiādīnaṃ
atthāya tacchantā dāruṃ
namayanti attano ruciyā ujuṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā karonti. Evaṃ
ettakaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā subbatā yathāsamādinnena sīlādinā
sundaravatā dhīrā sotāpattimaggādīnaṃ uppādentā attānaṃ
damenti, arahattaṃ pana pattesu ekantadantā nāma hontīti.
Kulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Ajitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti
āyasmato ajitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ekanavute kappe vipassiṃ
bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannacitto kapitthaphalaṃ adāsi. Tato parampi taṃ taṃ
puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ kappe anuppanne eva amhākaṃ
satthari sāvatthiyaṃ mahākosalarañño aggāsaniyassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā
nibbatti. Tassa ajitoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tasmiñca samaye sāvatthivāsī
bāvarī nāma brāhmaṇo tīhi mahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū
sāvatthito nikkhamitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā godhāvarītīre kapitthārāme
vasati. Atha ajito tassa santike pabbajito atthakāmāya devatāya coditena
bāvarinā satthu santikaṃ pesito tissametteyyādīhi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā manasāva pañhe pucchitvā tesu vissajjitesu pasannacitto satthu
santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.7-11) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, kapitthaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ dadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patto sīhanādaṃ nadanto ‘‘maraṇe
me bhayaṃ natthī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
20.
Tattha maraṇeti
maraṇanimittaṃ maraṇahetu. Meti
mayhaṃ, bhayaṃ natthi ucchinnabhavamūlatāya parikkhīṇajātikattā .
Anucchinnabhavamūlānañhi ‘‘kīdisī nu kho mayhaṃ āyatiṃ uppattī’’ti maraṇato
bhayaṃ bhaveyya. Nikantīti
apekkhā taṇhā, sā natthi jīvite suparimadditasaṅkhāratāya upādānakkhandhānaṃ
dukkhāsārakādibhāvena suṭṭhu upaṭṭhahanato. Evaṃbhūto cāhaṃ sandehaṃ sarīraṃ,
sakaṃ vā dehaṃ dehasaṅkhātaṃ dukkhabhāraṃ nikkhipissāmi chaḍḍessāmi,
nikkhipanto ca ‘‘‘iminā sarīrakena sādhetabbaṃ sādhitaṃ, idāni taṃ ekaṃsena
chaḍḍanīyamevā’ti paññāvepullappattiyā sampajāno sativepullappattiyā paṭissato nikkhipissāmī’’ti.
Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā thero jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tadanantaraṃ parinibbāyīti.
Ajitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Nigrodhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nāhaṃbhayassa
bhāyāmīti āyasmato nigrodhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira ito
aṭṭhārase kappasate brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto kāmesu ādīnavaṃ
nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā gharabandhanaṃ pahāya araññāyatanaṃ pavisitvā
aññatarasmiṃ sālavane paṇṇasālaṃ katvā tāpasapabbajaṃ pabbajitvā
vanamūlaphalāhāro vasati. Tena samayena piyadassī nāma sammāsambuddho loke
uppajjitvā sadevakassa lokassa dhammāmatavassena kilesasantāpaṃ nibbāpento
ekadivasaṃ tāpase anukampāya taṃ sālavanaṃ pavisitvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ
samāpanno. Tāpaso vanamūlaphalatthāya gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
pupphitasāladaṇḍasākhāyo gahetvā sālamaṇḍapaṃ katvā taṃ sabbatthakameva
sālapupphehi sañchādetvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pītisomanassavaseneva
āhāratthāyapi agantvā namassamāno aṭṭhāsi. Satthā nirodhato vuṭṭhāya tassa
anukampāya ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi, ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghepi cittaṃ
pasādessatī’’ti. Tāvadeva bhikkhusaṅgho āgato. So bhikkhusaṅghampi disvā
pasannamānaso vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Satthā sitassa
pātukaraṇāpadesena tassa bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ pakāsento dhammaṃ kathetvā pakkāmi
saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. So tena puññakammena devamanussesuyeva saṃsaranto
vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti, nigrodhotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So jetavanapaṭiggahaṇadivase buddhānubhāvadassanena sañjātappasādo
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.190-220) –
‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā sālavanaṃ, sukato assamo mama;
Sālapupphehi sañchanno, vasāmi vipine tadā.
‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
Vivekakāmo sambuddho, sālavanamupāgami.
‘‘Assamā abhinikkhamma, pavanaṃ agamāsahaṃ;
Mūlaphalaṃ gavesanto, āhindāmi vane tadā.
‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, piyadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;
Sunisinnaṃ samāpannaṃ, virocantaṃ mahāvane.
‘‘Catudaṇḍe ṭhapetvāna, buddhassa uparī ahaṃ;
Maṇḍapaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sālapupphehi chādayiṃ.
‘‘Sattāhaṃ dhārayitvāna, maṇḍapaṃ sālachāditaṃ;
Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, buddhaseṭṭhamavandahaṃ.
‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, vuṭṭhahitvā samādhito;
Yugamattaṃ pekkhamāno, nisīdi purisuttamo.
‘‘Sāvako varuṇo nāma, piyadassissa satthuno;
Vasīsatasahassehi, upagacchi vināyakaṃ.
‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, sitaṃ pātukarī jino.
‘‘Anuruddho upaṭṭhāko, piyadassissa satthuno;
Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, apucchittha mahāmuniṃ.
‘‘Ko nu kho bhagavā hetu, sitakammassa satthuno;
Kāraṇe vijjamānamhi, satthā pātukare sitaṃ.
‘‘Sattāhaṃ sālacchadanaṃ, yo me dhāresi māṇavo;
Tassa kammaṃ saritvāna, sitaṃ pātukariṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Anokāsaṃ na passāmi, yattha puññaṃ vipaccati;
Devaloke manusse vā, okāsova na sammati.
‘‘Devaloke vasantassa, puññakammasamaṅgino;
Yāvatā parisā tassa, sālacchannā bhavissati.
‘‘Tattha dibbehi naccehi, gītehi vāditehi ca;
Ramissati sadā santo, puññakammasamāhito.
‘‘Yāvatā parisā tassa, gandhagandhī bhavissati;
Sālassa pupphavasso ca, pavassissati tāvade.
‘‘Tato cutoyaṃ manujo, mānusaṃ āgamissati;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, sabbakālaṃ dharissati.
‘‘Idha naccañca gītañca, sammatāḷasamāhitaṃ;
Parivāressanti maṃ niccaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Uggacchante ca sūriye, sālavassaṃ
pavassate;
Puññakammena saṃyuttaṃ, vassate sabbakālikaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma nāmena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Dhammaṃ abhisamentassa, sālacchannaṃ bhavissati;
Citake jhāyamānassa, chadanaṃ tattha hessati.
‘‘Vipākaṃ kittayitvāna, piyadassī mahāmuni;
Parisāya dhammaṃ desesi, tappento dhammavuṭṭhiyā.
‘‘Tiṃsakappāni devesu, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Saṭṭhi ca sattakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, labhāmi vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, maṇḍapassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ayaṃ pacchimako mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, hessati sabbakālikaṃ.
‘‘Mahāmuniṃ tosayitvā, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ
buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Evaṃ pana chaḷabhiñño hutvā phalasukhena vītināmento sāsanassa
niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanatthaṃ aññābyākaraṇavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ
bhayassa bhāyāmī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
21.
Tattha bhāyanti etasmāti bhayaṃ, jātijarādi. Bhayassāti
nissakke sāmivacanaṃ, bhayato bhāyitabbanimittaṃ jātijarāmaraṇādinā hetunā nāhaṃ
bhāyāmīti attho. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘satthā
no amatassa kovido’’ti. Amhākaṃ satthā amate kusalo veneyyānaṃ amatadāne
cheko. Yattha bhayaṃ
nāvatiṭṭhatīti yasmiṃ nibbāne yathāvuttaṃ bhayaṃ na tiṭṭhati okāsaṃ na
labhati. Tenāti
tato nibbānato. Vajantīti
abhayaṭṭhānameva gacchanti. Nibbānañhi abhayaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Kena pana vajantīti
āha ‘‘maggena vajanti
bhikkhavo’’ti, aṭṭhaṅgikena ariyamaggena satthu ovādakaraṇā bhikkhū
saṃsāre bhayassa ikkhanakāti attho. Yatthāti
vā yaṃ nimittaṃ yassa ariyamaggassa adhigamahetu
attānuvādādikaṃ pañcavīsatividhampi bhayaṃ nāvatiṭṭhati patiṭṭhaṃ na labhati,
tena ariyena maggena vajanti abhayaṭṭhānaṃ satthu sāsane bhikkhū, tena maggena
ahampi gato, tasmā nāhaṃ bhayassa bhāyāmīti thero aññaṃ byākāsi.
Nigrodhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Cittakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nīlāsugīvāti āyasmato
cittakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarabuddhakālato paṭṭhāya
vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ ācinanto ito ekanavute kappe manussayoniyaṃ
nibbattitvā viññuttaṃ patto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso pupphehi
pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā ‘‘santadhammena nāma ettha bhavitabba’’nti satthari nibbāne
ca adhimucci. So tena puññakammena tato cuto tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbatto
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe
vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti cittako nāma
nāmena. So bhagavati rājagahaṃ gantvā veḷuvane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā
dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
araññāyatanaṃ pavisitvā bhāvanānuyutto jhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānapādakaṃ
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.1-7) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, vipassiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Tīṇi kiṅkaṇipupphāni, paggayha abhiropayiṃ;
Sambuddhaṃ abhipūjetvā, gacchāmi dakkhiṇāmukho.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ vandituṃ rājagahaṃ upagato tattha bhikkhūhi
‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, araññe appamatto vihāsī’’ti puṭṭho attano appamādavihāranivedanena
aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘nīlāsugīvā’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
22.
Tattha nīlāsugīvāti
nīlasugīvā, gāthāsukhatthañhettha dīgho kato,
rājivantatāya sundarāya gīvāya samannāgatoti attho. Te yebhuyyena ca
nīlavaṇṇatāya nīlā.
Sobhanakaṇṭhatāya sugīvā.
Sikhinoti matthake jātāya sikhāya sassirikabhāvena sikhino.
Morāti mayūrā. Kārambhiyanti
kārambarukkhe. Kārambhiyanti
vā tassa vanassa nāmaṃ. Tasmā kārambhiyanti kārambhanāmake vaneti attho. Abhinadantīti
pāvussakāle meghagajjitaṃ sutvā kekāsaddaṃ karontā utusampadāsiddhena sarena
haṃsādike abhibhavantā viya nadanti. Teti
te morā. Sītavātakīḷitāti
sītena meghavātena sañjātakīḷitā madhuravassitaṃ vassantā. Suttanti
bhattasammadavinodanatthaṃ sayitaṃ, kāyakilamathapaṭipassambhanāya vā
anuññātavelāyaṃ supantaṃ. Jhāyanti
samathavipassanājhānehi jhāyanasīlaṃ bhāvanānuyuttaṃ. Nibodhentīti
pabodhenti. ‘‘Imepi nāma niddaṃ anupagantvā jāgarantā attanā kattabbaṃ karonti,
kimaṅgaṃ panāha’’nti evaṃ sampajaññuppādanena sayanato vuṭṭhāpentīti adhippāyo.
Cittakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Gosālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ahaṃ kho veḷugumbasminti
āyasmato gosālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ ācinanto ito ekanavute kappe
aññatarasmiṃ pabbate rukkhasākhāyaṃ olambamānaṃ paccekabuddhassa
paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ disvā ‘‘arahaddhajo vatāya’’nti pasannacitto pupphehi pūjehi.
So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsabhavane
nibbatto . Tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatto gosālo nāma
nāmena. Soṇena pana koṭikaṇṇena kataparicayattā tassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā
‘‘sopi nāma mahāvibhavo pabbajissati ,
kimaṅgaṃ panāha’’nti sañjātasaṃvego bhagavato santike pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sappāyaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gavesanto attano jātagāmassa avidūre
ekasmiṃ sānupabbate vihāsi. Tassa mātā divase divase bhikkhaṃ deti.
Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhassa mātā madhusakkharābhisaṅkhataṃ pāyāsaṃ
adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā tassa pabbatassa chāyāyaṃ aññatarassa veḷugumbassa mūle
nisīditvā paribhuñjitvā dhovitapattapāṇī vipassanaṃ ārabhi.
Bhojanasappāyalābhena kāyacittānaṃ kallatāya samāhito udayabbayañāṇādike tikkhe
sūre vahante appakasireneva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā bhāvanaṃ
matthakaṃ pāpento saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.8-14) –
‘‘Himavantassa avidūre, udaṅgaṇo nāma pabbato;
Tatthaddasaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ, dumaggamhi vilambitaṃ.
‘‘Tīṇi kiṅkaṇipupphāni, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;
Heṭṭhā pahaṭṭhena cittena, paṃsukūlaṃ apūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsaṃ agacchahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pūjitvā arahaddhajaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana adhigantvā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ pabbatasānumeva gantukāmo
attano paṭipattiṃ pavedento ‘‘ahaṃ
kho veḷugumbasmi’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
23.
Tattha veḷugumbasminti
veḷugacchassa samīpe, tassa chāyāyaṃ. Bhutvāna
madhupāyasanti madhupasittapāyāsaṃ bhuñjitvā. Padakkhiṇanti
padakkhiṇaggāhena, satthu ovādassa sammā sampaṭicchanenāti attho. Sammasanto
khandhānaṃudayabbayanti
pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ udayabbayañca vipassanto, yadipi idāni katakicco,
phalasamāpattiṃ pana samāpajjituṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentoti adhippāyo. Sānuṃ
paṭigamissāmīti pubbe mayā vutthapabbatasānumeva uddissa gacchissāmi. Vivekamanubrūhayanti
paṭipassaddhivivekaṃ phalasamāpattikāyavivekañca paribrūhayanto, tassa vā
paribrūhanahetu gamissāmīti. Evaṃ pana vatvā thero tattheva gato, ayameva ca
imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.
Gosālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Sugandhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Anuvassiko pabbajitoti
āyasmato sugandhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito dvānavute kappe
tissassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
migabyadhanena araññe vicarati. Satthā tassa anukampāya padavaḷañjaṃ dassetvā
gato. So satthu padacetiyāni disvā purimabuddhesu katādhikāratāya ‘‘sadevake
loke aggapuggalassa imāni padānī’’ti pītisomanassajāto koraṇḍakapupphāni gahetvā
pūjaṃ katvā cittaṃ pasādesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā tato cuto
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle
kuṭumbiko hutvā satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ pavattetvā gandhakuṭiṃ
mahagghagositacandanaṃ pisitvā tena paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi –
‘‘nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne mayhaṃ sarīraṃ evaṃsugandhaṃ hotū’’ti. Evaṃ aññānipi
tattha tattha bhave bahūni puññakammāni katvā sugatīsu eva parivattamāno imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa gehe nibbatti.
Nibbattassa ca tassa mātukucchigatakālato paṭṭhāya mātu sarīraṃ sakalampi gehaṃ
surabhigandhaṃ vāyati. Jātadivase pana visesato paramasugandhaṃ sāmantagehesupi
vāyateva. Tassa mātāpitaro ‘‘amhākaṃ putto attanāva attano
nāmaṃ gahetvā āgato’’ti sugandhotveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So anupubbena vayappatto mahāselattheraṃ
disvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
sattāhabbhantare eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.15-24) –
‘‘Vanakammiko pure āsiṃ, pitumātumatenahaṃ;
Pasumārena jīvāmi, kusalaṃ me na vijjati.
‘‘Mama āsayasāmantā, tisso lokagganāyako;
Padāni tīṇi dassesi, anukampāya cakkhumā.
‘‘Akkante ca pade disvā, tissanāmassa
satthuno;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, pade cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.
‘‘Koraṇḍaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, pādapaṃ dharaṇīruhaṃ;
Sakosakaṃ gahetvāna, padaseṭṭhaṃ apūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Koraṇḍakachavī homi, suppabhāso bhavāmahaṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, padapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘anuvassiko
pabbajito’’ti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
24.
Tattha anuvassikoti
anugato upagato vassaṃ anuvasso, anuvassova anuvassiko. Pabbajitoti
pabbajjaṃ upagato, pabbajito hutvā upagatavassamatto ekavassikoti attho. Atha vā
anugataṃ pacchāgataṃ apagataṃ vassaṃ anuvassaṃ, taṃ assa atthīti anuvassiko.
Yassa pabbajitassa vassaṃ aparipuṇṇatāya na gaṇanūpagataṃ, so evaṃ vutto, tasmā avassikoti
vuttaṃ hoti. Passa
dhammasudhammatanti tava satthu dhammassa sudhammabhāvaṃ svākkhātataṃ
ekantaniyyānikataṃ passa, yattha anuvassiko tuvaṃ pabbajito. Pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ
dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇanti tisso
vijjā tayā anuppattā sacchikatā,
tato eva kataṃ
buddhassa sāsanaṃ sammāsambuddhassa sāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhi ovādo
anusikkhitoti katakiccataṃ nissāya pītisomanassajāto thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya
katvā vadatīti.
Sugandhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Nandiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Obhāsajātanti āyasmato
nandiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
satthari parinibbute cetiye candanasārena vedikaṃ kāretvā uḷāraṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ
pavattesi. Tato paṭṭhāya ajjhāsayasampanno hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ
bahuṃ puññakammaṃ ācinitvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbatti. Tassa mātāpitaro nandiṃ janento jātoti nandiyoti
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto anuruddhādīsu satthu santike pabbajantesu sayampi
pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto katādhikāratāya nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.15-20) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Jalitvā aggikhandhova, sambuddho parinibbuto.
‘‘Nibbute ca mahāvīre, thūpo vitthāriko ahu;
Dūratova upaṭṭhenti, dhātugehavaruttame.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, akaṃ candanavedikaṃ;
Dissati thūpakhandho ca, thūpānucchaviko tadā.
‘‘Bhave nibbattamānamhi, devatte atha mānuse.
Omattaṃ me na passāmi, pubbakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pañcadasakappasate, ito aṭṭha janā ahuṃ;
Sabbe samattanāmā te cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā anuruddhattherādīhi saddhiṃ pācīnavaṃsamigadāye viharante
imasmiṃ there ekadivasaṃ māro pāpimā bhiṃsāpetukāmo tassa bheravarūpaṃ dasseti.
Thero taṃ ‘‘māro aya’’nti ñatvā ‘‘pāpima, ye māradheyyaṃ vītivattā, tesaṃ tava
kiriyā kiṃ karissati, tatonidānaṃ pana tvaṃ eva vighātaṃ anatthaṃ
pāpuṇissasī’’ti dassento ‘‘obhāsajātaṃ
phalaga’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
25.
Tattha obhāsajātanti
ñāṇobhāsena jātobhāsaṃ aggamaggañāṇassa adhigatattā. Tena anavasesato
kilesandhakārassa vihataviddhaṃsitabhāvato ativiya pabhassaranti attho. Phalaganti
phalaṃ gataṃ upagataṃ, aggaphalañāṇasahitanti adhippāyo. Cittanti
khīṇāsavassa cittaṃ sāmaññena vadati. Tenāha ‘‘abhiṇhaso’’ti.
Tañhi nirodhaninnatāya khīṇāsavānaṃ niccakappaṃ
arahattaphalasamāpattisamāpajjanato ‘‘phalena sahita’’nti vattabbataṃ arahati. Tādisanti
tathārūpaṃ, arahantanti attho. Āsajjāti
visodhetvā paribhuyya. Kaṇhāti
māraṃ ālapati, so hi kaṇhakammattā kaṇhābhijātitāya ca
‘‘kaṇho’’ti vuccati. Dukkhaṃ
nigacchasīti idha kucchianuppavesādinā niratthakaṃ kāyaparissamaṃ
dukkhaṃ, samparāye ca appatikāraṃ apāyadukkhaṃ upagamissasi pāpuṇissasi. Taṃ
sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti tatthevantaradhāyīti.
Nandiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sutvāsubhāsitaṃ
vācanti āyasmato abhayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā dhammakathiko hutvā dhammakathanakāle
paṭhamaṃ catūhi gāthāhi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavitvā pacchā dhammaṃ kathesi.
Tenassa puññakammabalena kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ apāyapaṭisandhi nāma nāhosi.
Tathā hi vuttaṃ –
‘‘Abhitthavitvā padumuttaraṃ jinaṃ, pasannacitto abhayo sayambhuṃ;
Na gacchi kappāni apāyabhūmiṃ, satasahassāni uḷārasaddho’’ti. (apa. thera
2.55.221)
Khettasampattiyādīhi tassa ca pubbapacchimasanniṭṭhānacetanānaṃ ativiya
uḷārabhāvena so aparimeyyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando tādiso ahosi. ‘‘Acintiye
pasannānaṃ, vipāko hoti acintiyo’’ti (apa. thera 1.1.82) hi vuttaṃ. Tattha
tattha hi bhave upacitaṃ puññaṃ tassa upatthambhakamahosi. Tathā hi so
vipassissa bhagavato ketakapupphehi pūjamakāsi. Evaṃ uḷārehi puññavisesehi
sugatīsu eva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rañño bimbisārassa putto hutvā
nibbatti. Abhayotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa uppatti parato āvi bhavissati. So nigaṇṭhena nāṭaputtena
ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ sikkhāpetvā ‘‘imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchitvā samaṇassa gotamassa
vādaṃ āropehī’’ti vissajjito bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā taṃ pañhaṃ pucchitvā
tassa pañhassa anekaṃsabyākaraṇabhāve bhagavatā kathite nigaṇṭhānaṃ parājayaṃ,
satthu ca sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ viditvā upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesi. Tato raññe
bimbisāre kālaṅkate sañjātasaṃvego sāsane pabbajitvā
tālacchiggaḷūpamasuttadesanāya sotāpanno hutvā puna vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā
arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.17-22) –
‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, vihāsi purisuttamo;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
‘‘Madhugandhassa pupphena, ketakassa ahaṃ
tadā;
Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattikittanena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘sutvā
subhāsitaṃ vāca’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
26.
Tattha sutvāti
sotaṃ odahitvā, sotadvārānusārena upadhāretvā. Subhāsitanti
suṭṭhu bhāsitaṃ, sammadeva bhāsitaṃ, sammāsambuddhabhāvato mahākāruṇikatāya ca
kiñci avisaṃvādetvā yathādhippetassa atthassa ekantato sādhanavasena bhāsitaṃ
catusaccavibhāvanīyadhammakathaṃ. Na hi saccavinimuttā bhagavato dhammadesanā
atthi. Buddhassāti
sabbaññubuddhassa. Ādiccabandhunoti
ādiccavaṃse sambhūtattā ādicco bandhu etassāti ādiccabandhu, bhagavā. Tassa
ādiccabandhuno. Ādiccassa vā bandhūti ādiccabandhu, bhagavā. Tassa bhagavato
orasaputtabhāvato. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘Yo andhakāre tamasī pabhaṅkaro, verocano maṇḍalī uggatejo;
Mā rāhu gilī caramantalikkhe, pajaṃ mamaṃ rāhu pamuñca sūriya’’nti. (saṃ. ni.
1.91);
Paccabyadhinti paṭivijjhiṃ. Hī-ti
nipātamattaṃ. Nipuṇanti
saṇhaṃ paramasukhumaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ, catusaccameva vā. Hī-ti
vā hetuatthe nipāto. Yasmā paccabyadhiṃ nipuṇaṃ catusaccaṃ, tasmā na dāni kiñci
paṭivijjhitabbaṃ atthīti attho. Yathā kiṃ paṭivijjhīti āha ‘‘vālaggaṃ
usunā yathā’’ti. Yathā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiṃ susikkhito kusalo
issāso usunā kaṇḍena avirajjhanto vijjheyya, evaṃ paccabyadhiṃ nipuṇaṃ
ariyasaccanti yojanā.
Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Lomasakaṅgiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Dabbaṃkusanti
āyasmato lomasakaṅgiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira ito ekanavute kappe
vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso nānāpupphehi pūjetvā tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbatto puna aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tena ca
samayena satthārā bhaddekarattapaṭipadāya kathitāya aññataro bhikkhu
bhaddekarattasuttavasena tena sākacchaṃ karoti. So taṃ na sampāyāsi. Asampāyanto
‘‘ahaṃ anāgate tuyhaṃ bhaddekarattaṃ kathetuṃ samattho bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ
akāsi, itaro ‘‘puccheyya’’nti. Etesu paṭhamo ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu
saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbatti.
Tassa sukhumālabhāvena soṇassa viya pādatalesu lomāni jātāni, tenassa lomasakaṅgiyoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. Itaro devaloke nibbattitvā candanoti
paññāyittha. Lomasakaṅgiyo anuruddhādīsu sakyakumāresu pabbajantesu pabbajituṃ
na icchi. Atha naṃ saṃvejetuṃ candano devaputto upasaṅkamitvā bhaddekarattaṃ
pucchi. Itaro ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti. Puna devaputto ‘‘atha kasmā tayā ‘bhaddekarattaṃ
katheyya’nti saṅgaro kato, idāni pana
nāmamattampi na jānāsī’’ti codesi. Itaro tena saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā,
‘‘mayā kira, bhante, pubbe ‘imassa bhaddekarattaṃ kathessāmī’ti saṅgaro kato’’ti
pucchi. Bhagavā ‘‘āma, kulaputta, kassapassa bhagavato kāle tayā evaṃ kata’’nti
āha. Svāyamattho uparipaṇṇāsake āgatanayena vitthārato veditabbo. Atha
lomasakaṅgiyo ‘‘tena hi, bhante, pabbājetha ma’’nti āha. Bhagavā ‘‘na, kho,
tathāgatā mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti paṭikkhipi. So mātu
santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘anujānāhi maṃ, amma, pabbajituṃ, pabbajissāmaha’’nti vatvā,
mātarā ‘‘tāta, sukhumālo tvaṃ kathaṃ pabbajissasī’’ti vutte, ‘‘attano
parissayasahanabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘dabbaṃ
kusaṃ poṭakila’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
27.
Tattha dabbanti
dabbatiṇamāha, yaṃ ‘‘saddulo’’tipi vuccati. Kusanti
kusatiṇaṃ, yo ‘‘kāso’’ti vuccati. Poṭakilanti
sakaṇṭakaṃ akaṇṭakañca gacchaṃ. Idha pana sakaṇṭakameva adhippetaṃ. Usīrādīni
suviññeyyāni. Dabbādīni tiṇāni bīraṇatiṇāni pādehi akkantassāpi dukkhajanakāni
gamanantarāyakarāni ca, tāni ca panāhaṃ urasā
panudissāmi urasāpi apanessāmi. Evaṃ apanento taṃ nimittaṃ
dukkhaṃ sahanto araññāyatane gumbantaraṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ
sakkhissāmi. Ko pana vādo pādehi akkamaneti dasseti. Vivekamanubrūhayanti kāyavivekaṃ
cittavivekaṃ upadhivivekañca anubrūhayanto. Gaṇasaṅgaṇikañhi pahāya kāyavivekaṃ
anubrūhayantasseva aṭṭhatiṃsāya ārammaṇesu yattha katthaci cittaṃ samādahantassa
cittaviveko, na saṅgaṇikāratassa. Samāhitasseva vipassanāya kammaṃ karontassa
samathavipassanañca yuganaddhaṃ karontassa kilesānaṃ khepanena
upadhivivekādhigamo, na asamāhitassa. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘vivekamanubrūhayanti
kāyavivekaṃ cittavivekaṃ upadhivivekañca anubrūhayanto’’ti. Evaṃ pana puttena
vutte mātā ‘‘tena hi, tāta, pabbajā’’ti anujāni. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
pabbajjaṃ yāci. Taṃ satthā pabbājesi. Taṃ
pabbajitvā katapubbakiccaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññaṃ pavisantaṃ bhikkhū
āhaṃsu – ‘‘āvuso, tvaṃ sukhumālo kiṃ sakkhissasi araññe vasitu’’nti. So tesampi
tameva gāthaṃ vatvā araññaṃ pavisitvā bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjanto nacirasseva
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.23-27) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, nānāpupphehi pūjayiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto taṃyeva gāthaṃ abhāsīti.
Lomasakaṅgiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Jambugāmiyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kaccino
vatthapasutoti āyasmato jambugāmiyaputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So
kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ
ācinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle ekadivasaṃ kiṃsukāni
pupphāni disvā tāni pupphāni gahetvā buddhaguṇe anussaranto bhagavantaṃ uddissa
ākāse khipanto pūjesi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu nibbatto. Tato paraṃ
puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde campāyaṃ
jambugāmiyassa nāma upāsakassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tena puññakammena
tāvatiṃsesu nibbatto. Tato paraṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde campāyaṃ jambugāmiyassa nāma upāsakassa putvā
nibbatti. Tenassa jambugāmiyaputtotveva
samaññā ahosi. So vayappatto bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaṃvego
pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā sākete añjanavane vasati. Athassa
pitā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mama putto sāsane abhirato viharati, udāhu no’’ti
vīmaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘kacci
no vatthapasuto’’ti gāthaṃ likhitvā pesesi. So taṃ vācetvā, ‘‘pitā me
pamādavihāraṃ āsaṅkati, ahañca ajjāpi puthujjanabhūmiṃ nātivatto’’ti saṃvegajāto
ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.25-30) –
‘‘Kiṃsukaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, paggahetvāna
añjaliṃ;
Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, ākāse abhipūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ñātīnaṃ vasananagaraṃ gantvā sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ
pakāsento iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Taṃ disvā ñātakā pasannamānasā bahū
saṅghārāme kāresuṃ. Theropi sakapitarā pesitaṃ gāthaṃ
aṅkusaṃ katvā ghaṭento vāyamanto arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Aññaṃ byākarontopi
pitupūjanatthaṃ ‘‘kacci
no vatthapasuto’’ti tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.
28.
Tattha kaccīti
pucchāyaṃ nipāto. Noti
paṭisedhe. Vatthapasutoti
vatthe pasuto vatthapasuto, cīvaramaṇḍanābhirato. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ
pattamaṇḍanādicāpallapaṭikkhepassāpi adhippetattā. ‘‘Kacci na vatthapasuto’’tipi
pāṭho, so evattho. Bhūsanāratoti
attabhāvavibhūsanāya rato abhirato, yathekacce pabbajitvāpi capalā
kāyadaḷhibahulā cīvarādiparikkhārassa attano sarīrassa ca
maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānāya yuttā honti. Kimeva parikkhārapasuto bhūsanārato ca
nāhosīti ayamettha padadvayassāpi attho. Sīlamayaṃ
gandhanti akhaṇḍādibhāvāpādanena suparisuddhassa catubbidhassapi sīlassa
vasena yvāyaṃ ‘‘yo ca sīlavataṃ pajāti na
itarā dussīlapajā, dussīlattāyeva dussilyamayaṃ duggandhaṃ vāyati, evaṃ tvaṃ
duggandhaṃ avāyitvā kacci sīlamayaṃ gandhaṃ vāyasīti attho.
Atha vā netarā pajāti
na itarā dussīlapajā, taṃ kacci na hoti, yato sīlamayaṃ gandhaṃ vāyasīti
byatirekena sīlagandhavāyanameva vibhāveti.
Jambugāmiyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Samunnamayamattānanti
āyasmato hāritattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññasambhāraṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse
kappe sudassanaṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso kuṭajapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva
parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Hāritotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa vayappattassa mātāpitaro kularūpādīhi anucchavikaṃ kumārikaṃ
brāhmaṇadhītaraṃ ānesuṃ. So tāya saddhiṃ bhogasukhaṃ anubhavanto ekadivasaṃ
attano tassā ca rūpasampattiṃ oloketvā dhammatāya codiyamāno ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma rūpaṃ
nacirasseva jarāya maccunā ca abhippamaddīyatī’’ti saṃvegaṃ paṭilabhi.
Katipayadivasātikkameneva cassa bhariyaṃ kaṇhasappo ḍaṃsitvā māresi. So tena
bhiyyosomattāya sañjātasaṃvego satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā
gharabandhane chinditvā pabbaji. Tassa ca cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
viharantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati, cittaṃ ujugataṃ na hoti. So gāmaṃ
piṇḍāya paviṭṭho aññataraṃ usukāraṃ usudaṇḍaṃ yante pakkhipitvā ujuṃ karontaṃ
disvā ‘‘ime acetanampi nāma ujuṃ karonti, kasmā ahaṃ cittaṃ ujuṃ na
karissāmī’’ti cintetvā tatova paṭinivattitvā divāṭṭhāne nisinno vipassanaṃ
ārabhi. Athassa bhagavā upari ākāse nisīditvā ovādaṃ dento ‘‘samunnamayamattāna’’nti
gāthaṃ abhāsi. Ayameva thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya ovadanto abhāsīti ca vadanti.
29.
Tattha samunnamayanti
sammā unnamento, samāpattivasena kosajjapakkhe patituṃ
adatvā tato uddharanto vīriyasamataṃ yojentoti attho. Attānanti
cittaṃ, atha vā samunnamayāti
kosajjapakkhato samunnamehi. Ma-kāro
padasandhikaro. Hīnavīriyatāya tava cittaṃ kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ nappaṭipajjati ce,
taṃ vīriyārambhavasena sammā unnamehi, anonataṃ anapanataṃ karohīti adhippāyo.
Evaṃ pana karonto usukārova
tejanaṃ. Cittaṃ ujuṃ karitvāna, avijjaṃ bhinda hāritāti. Yathā nāma
usukāro kaṇḍaṃ īsakampi onataṃ apanatañca vijjhanto lakkhaṃ bhindanatthaṃ ujuṃ
karoti, evaṃ kosajjapātato arakkhaṇena onataṃ uddhaccapātato arakkhaṇena
apanataṃ vijjhanto appanāpattiyā cittaṃ ujuṃ karitvāna
samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā sīghaṃ aggamaggañāṇena avijjaṃ bhinda
padālehīti. Taṃ sutvā thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacireneva arahā ahosi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.35.39-43) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasalo nāma pabbato;
Buddho sudassano nāma, vasate pabbatantare.
‘‘Pupphaṃ hemavantaṃ gayha, vehāsaṃ agamāsahaṃ;
Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ.
‘‘Pupphaṃ kuṭajamādāya, sīse katvānahaṃ tadā;
Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sayambhussa mahesino.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākarontopi tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ābādhe me samuppanneti
āyasmato uttiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute kappe
siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle candabhāgāya nadiyā mahārūpo susumāro
hutvā nibbatto. So pāraṃ gantuṃ nadiyā tīraṃ upagataṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannacitto pāraṃ netukāmo tīrasamīpe nipajji. Bhagavā tassa anukampāya
piṭṭhiyaṃ pāde ṭhapesi. So haṭṭho udaggo pītivegena diguṇussāho hutvā sotaṃ
chindanto sīghena javena bhagavantaṃ paratīraṃ nesi. Bhagavā tassa cittappasādaṃ oloketvā
‘‘ayaṃ ito cuto devaloke nibbattitvā tato
paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto ito catunavute kappe amataṃ pāpuṇissatī’’ti
byākaritvā pakkāmi.
So tathā sugatīsuyeva paribbhamanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa
brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti uttiyo nāma
nāmena. So vayappatto ‘‘amataṃ pariyesissāmī’’ti paribbājako hutvā vicaranto
ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā sāsane pabbajitvāpi sīlādīnaṃ
avisodhitattā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto aññe bhikkhū visesaṃ nibbattetvā
aññaṃ byākaronte disvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā saṅkhepeneva ovādaṃ yāci.
Satthāpi tassa ‘‘tasmātiha tvaṃ, uttiya, ādimeva visodhehī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni.
5.369) saṅkhepeneva ovādaṃ adāsi. So tassa ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ ārabhi. Tassa
āraddhavipassanassa ābādho uppajji. Uppanne pana ābādhe sañjātasaṃvego
vīriyārambhavatthuṃ katvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.3.169-179) –
‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre, susumāro ahaṃ tadā;
Sagocarapasutohaṃ, nadititthaṃ agacchahaṃ.
‘‘Siddhattho tamhi samaye, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
Nadiṃ taritukāmo so, nadititthaṃ upāgami.
‘‘Upagate ca sambuddhe, ahampi tatthupāgamiṃ;
Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, imaṃ vācaṃ udīrayiṃ.
‘‘Abhirūha mahāvīra, tāressāmi ahaṃ tuvaṃ;
Pettikaṃ visayaṃ mayhaṃ, anukampa mahāmuni.
‘‘Mama uggajjanaṃ sutvā, abhirūhi mahāmuni;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, tāresiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Nadiyā pārime tīre, siddhattho lokanāyako;
Assāsesi mamaṃ tattha, amataṃ pāpuṇissati.
‘‘Tamhā kāyā cavitvāna, devalokaṃ agacchahaṃ;
Dibbasukhaṃ anubhaviṃ, accharāhi purakkhato.
‘‘Sattakkhattuñca devindo, devarajjamakāsahaṃ;
Tīṇikkhattuṃ cakkavattī, mahiyā issaro ahuṃ.
‘‘Vivekamanuyuttohaṃ , nipako ca susaṃvuto;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, tāresiṃ yaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano sammā paṭipattiyā paripuṇṇākāravibhāvanamukhena
aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘ābādhe
me samuppanne’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
30.
Tattha ābādhe me
samuppanneti sarīrassa ābādhanato ‘‘ābādho’’ti laddhanāme
visabhāgadhātukkhobhahetuke roge mayhaṃ sañjāte. Sati
me udapajjathāti ‘‘uppanno kho me ābādho, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati,
yadidaṃ ābādho vaḍḍheyya. Yāva panāyaṃ ābādho na vaḍḍhati, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ
ārabhāmi ‘appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa
sacchikiriyāyā’’’ti vīriyārambhavatthubhūtā sati tasseva ābādhassa vasena
dukkhāya vedanāya pīḷiyamānassa mayhaṃ udapādi. Tenāha ‘‘ābodho
me samuppanno, kālo me nappamajjitu’’nti. Evaṃ uppannañhi satiṃ aṅkusaṃ
katvā ayaṃ thero arahattaṃ pattoti.
Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Tatiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Catutthavaggo
1. Gahvaratīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Phuṭṭhoḍaṃsehīti
āyasmato gahvaratīriyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle migaluddo hutvā araññe
vicaranto addasa sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle devanāgayakkhānaṃ
dhammaṃ desentaṃ, disvā pana pasannamānaso ‘‘dhammo esa vuccatī’’ti sare
nimittaṃ aggahesi. So tena cittappasādena devaloke uppanno puna aparāparaṃ
sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā
‘‘aggidatto’’ti laddhanāmo vayappatto bhagavato yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā
sañjātappasādo sāsane pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā gahvaratīre nāma
araññaṭṭhāne vasati. Tenassa gahvaratīrayoti
samaññā ahosi. So vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.44-50) –
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsi, araññe vipine ahaṃ;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, devasaṅghapurakkhataṃ.
‘‘Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, desentaṃ, amataṃ padaṃ;
Assosiṃ madhuraṃ dhammaṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.
‘‘Ghose cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, asamappaṭipuggale;
Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, uttariṃ duttaraṃ bhavaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ghosasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā
sāvatthiyaṃ agamāsi. Tassa āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā ñātakā upagantvā mahādānaṃ
pavattesuṃ. So katipayadivase vasitvā araññameva gantukāmo ahosi. Taṃ ñātakā,
‘‘bhante, araññaṃ nāma ḍaṃsamakasādivasena bahuparissayaṃ, idheva vasathā’’ti āhaṃsu.
Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘araññavāsoyeva mayhaṃ ruccatī’’ti vivekābhiratikittanamukhena
aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
31.
Tattha phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi
makasehīti ḍaṃsanasīlatāya ‘‘ḍaṃsā’’ti laddhanāmāhi andhakamakkhikāhi,
makasanaññitehi ca sūcimukhapāṇehi phussito daṭṭhoti attho. Araññasminti
‘‘pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti (pārā. 654) vuttaaraññalakkhaṇayogato araññe. Brahāvaneti
mahārukkhagacchagahanatāya mahāvane araññāniyaṃ. Nāgo
saṅgāmasīsevāti saṅgāmāvacaro hatthināgo viya saṅgāmamuddhani
parasenāsampahāraṃ. ‘‘Araññavāso nāma buddhādīhi vaṇṇito thomito’’ti ussāhajāto sato satimā
hutvā tatra tasmiṃ
araññe, tasmiṃ vā ḍaṃsādisamphasse upaṭṭhite adhivāsaye adhivāseyya
saheyya, ‘‘ḍaṃsādayo maṃ ābādhentī’’ti araññavāsaṃ na jaheyyāti attho.
Gahvaratīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Suppiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ajaraṃ jīramānenāti āyasmato
suppiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane vasanto tattha
bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso phalāphalaṃ adāsi, tathā bhikkhusaṅghassa. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa kāle
khattiyakule nibbattitvā anukkamena viññutaṃ patto kalyāṇamittasannissayena
laddhasaṃvego sāsane pabbajitvā bahussuto ahosi. Jātimadena sutamadena ca
attānaṃ ukkaṃsento pare ca vambhento vihāsi. So imasmiṃ buddhuppāde tassa kammassa
nissandena sāvatthiyaṃ paribhūtarūpe susānagopakakule nibbatti. Suppiyotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Atha viññutaṃ patto attano sahāyabhūtaṃ sopākattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā
tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā sammāpaṭipattiṃ pūretvā ‘‘ajaraṃ
jīramānenā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
32.
Tattha ajaranti
jarārahitaṃ, nibbānaṃ sandhāyāha. Tañhi ajātattā natthi ettha jarā, etasmiṃ vā
adhigate puggalassa sā natthīti jarābhāvahetutopi ajaraṃ nāma. Jīramānenāti
jīrantena, khaṇe khaṇe jaraṃ pāpuṇantena. Tappamānenāti
santappamānena, rāgādīhi ekādasahi aggīhi
dayhamānena. Nibbutinti
yathāvuttasantāpābhāvato nibbutasabhāvaṃ nibbānaṃ. Nimiyanti
parivatteyyaṃ cetāpeyyaṃ. Paramaṃ
santinti anavasesakilesābhisaṅkhārapariḷāhavūpasamadhammatāya uttamaṃ
santiṃ. Catūhi yogehi ananubandhattā yogakkhemaṃ.
Attano uttaritarassa kassaci abhāvato anuttaraṃ.
Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – khaṇe khaṇe jarāya abhibhuyyamānattā jīramānena, tathā
rāgaggiādīhi santappamānena gato evaṃ aniccena dukkhena asārena sabbathāpi
anupasantasabhāvena saupaddavena, tappaṭipakkhabhāvato ajaraṃ paramupasamabhūtaṃ
kenaci anupaddutaṃ anuttaraṃ nibbānaṃ nimiyaṃ parivatteyyaṃ ‘‘mahā vata me lābho
mahā udayo hatthagato’’ti. Yathā hi manussā yaṃ kiñci bhaṇḍaṃ parivattentā
nirapekkhā gayhamānena sambahumānā honti, evamayaṃ thero pahitatto viharanto
attano kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkhataṃ, nibbānaṃ paṭipesitattañca pakāsento
‘‘nimiyaṃ paramaṃ santiṃ, yogakkhemaṃ anuttara’’nti vatvā tameva paṭipattiṃ
paribrūhayanto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.51-77) –
‘‘Varuṇo nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;
Chaḍḍetvā dasa puttāni, vanamajjhogahiṃ tadā.
‘‘Assamaṃ sukataṃ katvā, suvibhattaṃ manoramaṃ;
Paṇṇasālaṃ karitvāna, vasāmi vipine ahaṃ.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama assamaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, obhāso vipulo ahu;
Buddhassa ānubhāvena, pajjalī vipinaṃ tadā.
‘‘Disvāna taṃ pāṭihīraṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa tādino;
Pattapuṭaṃ gahetvāna, phalena pūjayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, sahakhārimadāsahaṃ;
Anukampāya me buddho, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
‘‘Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, pacchato ehi me tuvaṃ;
Paribhutte ca saṅghamhi, puññaṃ tava bhavissati.
‘‘Puṭakaṃ taṃ gahetvāna, bhikkhusaṅghassadāsahaṃ;
Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Tattha dibbehi naccehi, gītehi vāditehi ca;
Puññakammena saṃyuttaṃ, anubhomi sadā sukhaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā caturo dīpā, sasamuddā sapabbatā;
Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, issaraṃ kārayāmahaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā ye pakkhigaṇā, ākāse uppatanti ce;
Tepi me vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, yakkhā bhūtā ca rakkhasā;
Kumbhaṇḍā garuḷā cāpi, pāricariyaṃ upenti me.
‘‘Kummā soṇā madhukārā, ḍaṃsā ca makasā ubho;
Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Supaṇṇā nāma sakuṇā, pakkhijātā mahabbalā;
Tepi maṃ saraṇaṃ yanti, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā nāgā, iddhimanto mahāyasā;
Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sīhā byagghā ca dīpī ca,
acchakokataracchakā;
Tepi maṃ vasamanventi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Osadhī tiṇavāsī ca, ye ca ākāsavāsino;
Sabbe maṃ saraṇaṃ yanti, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sududdasaṃ sunipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ suppakāsitaṃ;
Phassayitvā viharāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Vimokkhe aṭṭha phusitvā, viharāmi anāsavo;
Ātāpī nipako cāhaṃ, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ye phalaṭṭhā buddhaputtā, khīṇadosā mahāyasā;
Ahamaññataro tesaṃ, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Abhiññāpāramiṃ gantvā, sukkamūlena codito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, buddhaputtā mahāyasā;
Dibbasotaṃ samāpannā, tesaṃ aññataro ahaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa
sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvāpi tameva gāthaṃ aññābyākaraṇavasena abhāsi.
Suppiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Sopākattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathāpi ekaputtasminti
āyasmato sopākattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
hutvā tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto kakusandhassa bhagavato
kāle aññatarassa kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannacitto bījapūraphalāni satthu upanesi. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ
upādāya . So bhikkhusaṅghe ca abhippasanno
salākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saṅghuddesavasena tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāvatāyukaṃ
khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. So tehi puññakammehi aparāparaṃ devamanussesu sampattiṃ
anubhavanto ekadā manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekassa paccekabuddhassa khīrabhattaṃ
adāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha puññāni katvā sugatīsu eva paribbhamanto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde purimakammanissandena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarāya duggatitthiyā kucchimhi
paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassa mātā dasa māse kucchinā pariharitvā paripakke gabbhe
vijāyanakāle vijāyituṃ asakkontī mucchaṃ āpajjitvā bahuvelaṃ matā viya nipajji.
Taṃ ñātakā ‘‘matā’’ti saññāya susānaṃ netvā citakaṃ āropetvā devatānubhāvena
vātavuṭṭhiyā uṭṭhitāya aggiṃ adatvā pakkamiṃsu. Dārako pacchimabhāvikattā
devatānubhāvena mātukucchito arogo nikkhami. Mātā pana kālamakāsi. Devatā taṃ
gahetvā manussarūpena susānagopakassa gehe ṭhapetvā katipayakālaṃ patirūpena
āhārena posesi. Tato paraṃ susānagopako ca naṃ attano puttaṃ katvā vaḍḍheti. So
tathā vaḍḍhento tassa puttena supiyena nāma dārakena saddhiṃ kīḷanto vicarati.
Tassa susāne jātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvato sopākoti
samaññā ahosi.
Athekadivasaṃ sattavassikaṃ taṃ bhagavā paccūsavelāya ñāṇajālaṃ pattharitvā
veneyyabandhave oloketvā ñāṇajalantogadhaṃ disvā susānaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Dārako
pubbahetunā codiyamāno pasannamānaso satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā aṭṭhāsi.
Satthā tassa dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā ‘‘pitarā
anuññātosī’’ti vutto pitaraṃ satthu santikaṃ nesi. Tassa pitā
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ‘‘bhante, imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājethā’’ti anujāni.
Satthā taṃ pabbājetvā mettābhāvanāya niyojesi. So mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
susāne viharanto ca cirasseva mettājhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.45.1-7) –
‘‘Kakusandho mahāvīro, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
Gaṇamhā vūpakaṭṭho so, agamāsi vanantaraṃ.
‘‘Bījamiñjaṃ gahetvāna, latāya āvuṇiṃ ahaṃ;
Bhagavā tamhi samaye, jhāyate pabbatantare.
‘‘Disvānahaṃ devadevaṃ, vippasannena cetasā;
Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, bījamiñjamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, yaṃ miñjamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bījamiñjassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahā hutvā pana aññesaṃ sosānikabhikkhūnaṃ mettābhāvanāvidhiṃ dassento ‘‘yathāpi
ekaputtasmi’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
33.
Tattha yathāti
opammatthe nipāto. Ekaputtasminti
punāti ca kulavaṃsaṃ tāyati cāti putto, atrajādibhedo putto. Eko putto ekaputto,
tasmiṃ ekaputtasmiṃ. Visaye cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Piyasminti
piyāyitabbatāya ceva ekaputtatāya ca rūpasīlācārādīhi ca pemakaraṇaṭṭhānabhūte. Kusalīti
kusalaṃ vuccati khemaṃ sotthibhāvo, taṃ labhitabbaṃ etassa atthīti kusalī,
sattānaṃ hitesī mettajjhāsayo. Sabbesu
pāṇesūti sabbesu sattesu. Sabbatthāti
sabbāsu disāsu sabbesu vā bhavādīsu, sabbāsu vā avatthāsu. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –
yathā ekaputtake piye manāpe mātāpitā kusalī ekantahitesī bhaveyya, evaṃ
puratthimādibhedāsu sabbāsu disāsu, kāmabhavādibhedesu sabbesu bhavesu
daharādibhedāsu sabbāsu avatthāsu ca ṭhitesu sabbesu sattesu ekantahitesitāya
kusalī bhaveyya, ‘‘mitto udāsīno pañcatthiko’’ti sīmaṃ akatvā sīmāsambhedavasena
sabbattha ekarasaṃ mettaṃ bhāveyyāti. Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘sace tumhe
āyasmanto evaṃ mettābhāvanaṃ anuyuñjeyyātha,
ye te bhagavatā ‘sukhaṃ supatī’tiādinā (a.
ni. 11.15) ekādasa mettānisaṃsā vuttā, ekaṃsena tesaṃ bhāgino bhavathā’’ti
ovādamadāsi.
Sopākattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Posiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Anāsannavarāti āyasmato
posiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsu eva saṃsaranto ito
dvenavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle migaluddo hutvā araññe vicarati. Atha
bhagavā tassa anuggahaṃ kātuṃ araññaṃ gantvā tassa cakkhupathe attānaṃ dassesi.
So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto āvudhaṃ nikkhipitvā upasaṅkamitvā añjaliṃ
paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā nisīditukāmataṃ dassesi. So tāvadeva tiṇamuṭṭhiyo
gahetvā same bhūmibhāge sakkaccaṃ santharitvā adāsi. Nisīdi tattha bhagavā
anukampaṃ upādāya. Nisinne pana bhagavati anappakaṃ pītisomanassaṃ
paṭisaṃvedento bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sayampi ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha bhagavā
‘‘ettakaṃ vaṭṭati imassa kusalabīja’’nti uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Acirapakkante
bhagavati taṃ sīho migarājā ghātesi. So kālaṅkato
devaloke nibbatti. ‘‘So kira bhagavati anupagacchante sīhena ghātito niraye
nibbattissatī’’ti taṃ disvā bhagavā sugatiyaṃ nibbattanatthaṃ
kusalabījaropanatthañca upasaṅkami.
So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato devalokato cavitvā sugatīsuyeva parivattento
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino putto
saṅgāmajitattherassa kaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatti. Posiyotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā ekaṃ puttaṃ labhitvā
antimabhavikatāya dhammatāya codiyamāno jātiādiṃ paṭicca uppannasaṃvego
pabbajitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā vūpakaṭṭho hutvā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ
anuyuñjanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.53.1-12) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, lambako nāma pabbato;
Tattheva tisso sambuddho, abbhokāsamhi caṅkami.
‘‘Migaluddo tadā āsiṃ, araññe kānane ahaṃ;
Disvāna taṃ devadevaṃ, tiṇamuṭṭhimadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Nisīdanatthaṃ buddhassa, datvā cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;
Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.
‘‘Aciraṃ gatamattassa, migarājā apothayi;
Sohena pothito, santo tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Āsanne me kataṃ kammaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhe anāsave;
Sumutto saravegova, devalokamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Yūpo tattha subho āsi, puññakammābhinimmito;
Sahassakaṇḍo satabheṇḍu, dhajālu haritāmayo.
‘‘Pabhā niddhāvate tassa, sataraṃsīva uggato;
Ākiṇṇo devakaññāhi, āmodiṃ kāmakāmihaṃ.
‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Āgantvāna manussattaṃ, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, nisīdanamadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tiṇamuṭṭhe idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhagavantaṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ āgato ñātiṃ anukampāya
ñātigehaṃ agamāsi. Tattha naṃ purāṇadutiyikā vanditvā āsanadānādinā paṭhamaṃ
upāsikā viya vattaṃ dassetvā therassa ajjhāsayaṃ ajānantī pacchā itthikuttādīhi
palobhetukāmā ahosi . Thero ‘‘aho andhabālā
mādisepi nāma evaṃ paṭipajjatī’’ti cintetvā kiñci avatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā araññameva
gato. Taṃ āraññakā bhikkhū ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, atilahuṃ, nivattosi, ñātakehi na
diṭṭhosī’’ti pucchiṃsu. Thero tattha pavattiṃ ācikkhanto ‘‘anāsannavarā
etā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
34.
Tattha anāsannavarāti etā itthiyo
na āsannā anupagatā, dūre eva vā ṭhitā hutvā varā purisassa seṭṭhā hitāvahā,
tañca kho niccameva sabbakālameva,
na rattimeva, na divāpi, na rahovelāyapi. Vijānatāti
vijānantena. ‘‘Anāsannaparā’’tipi pāḷi, so evattho. Ayañhettha adhippāyo –
caṇḍahatthiassamahiṃsasīhabyagghayakkharakkhasapisācāpi manussānaṃ anupasaṅkamanto
varā seṭṭhā, na anatthāvahā, te pana upasaṅkamantā diṭṭhadhammikaṃyeva anatthaṃ
kareyyuṃ. Itthiyo pana upasaṅkamitvā diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikaṃ
vimokkhanissitampi atthaṃ vināsetvā mahantaṃ anatthaṃ āpādenti, tasmā
anāsannavarā etā niccameva vijānatāti. Idāni tamatthaṃ attūpanāyikaṃ katvā
dassento ‘‘gāmā’’tiādimāha.
Tattha gāmāti
gāmaṃ. Upayogatthe hi etaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ. Araññamāgammāti
araññato āgantvā. Ma-kāro
padasandhikaro, nissakke cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Tatoti
mañcakato. Anāmantetvāti
anālapitvā purāṇadutiyikaṃ ‘‘appamattā hohī’’ti ettakampi avatvā. Posiyoti
attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Ye pana ‘‘pakkāmi’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ ahaṃ posiyo
pakkāminti yojanā. Ye pana ‘‘sā itthī theraṃ gharaṃ upagataṃ bhojetvā
palobhetukāmā jātā, taṃ disvā thero tāvadeva gehato nikkhamitvā vihāraṃ gantvā
attano vasanaṭṭhāne mañcake nisīdi. Sāpi kho itthī pacchābhattaṃ
alaṅkatapaṭiyattā vihāre therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ upasaṅkami. Taṃ disvā thero
kiñci avatvā uṭṭhāya divāṭṭhānameva gato’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ ‘‘gāmā
araññamāgammā’’ti gāthāpadassa attho yathārutavaseneva niyyati. Vihāro hi idha
‘‘arañña’’nti adhippeto.
Posiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Sāmaññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sukhaṃsukhatthoti
āyasmato sāmaññakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro hutvā tattha tattha bhave kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe
vipassissa bhagavato kāle manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso ekaṃ mañcaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa paribbājakassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Sāmaññakānītissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
sāsane pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā jhānaṃ nibbattetvā jhānaṃ
pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.36.30-33) –
‘‘Vipassino bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;
Ekaṃ mañcaṃ mayā dinnaṃ, pasannena sapāṇinā.
‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, dibbayānaṃ
samajjhagaṃ;
Tena mañcaka dānena, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ mañcamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, mañcadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Therassa pana gihisahāyako kātiyāno nāma paribbājako buddhuppādato paṭṭhāya
titthiyānaṃ hatalābhasakkāratāya ghāsacchādanamattampi alabhanto ājīvakāpakato
theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘tumhe sākiyaputtiyā nāma mahālābhaggayasaggappattā
sukhena jīvatha, mayaṃ pana dukkhitā kicchajīvikā, kathaṃ nu kho
paṭipajjamānassa diṭṭhadhammikañceva samparāyikañca sukhaṃ sampajjatī’’ti
pucchi. Athassa thero ‘‘nippariyāyato sukhaṃ nāma lokuttarasukhameva, tañca
tadanurūpaṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjantassevā’’ti attanā tassa adhigatabhāvaṃ
pariyāyena vibhāvento ‘‘sukhaṃ
sukhattho labhate tadācara’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
35.
Tattha sukhanti
nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Tañca phalasamāpatti ceva nibbānañca. Tathā hi
‘‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’’ (dī. ni. 3.355; a.
ni. 5.27; vibha. 804) ‘‘nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukha’’nti (dha. pa. 203-204) ca
vuttaṃ. Sukhatthoti
sukhappayojano, yathāvuttena sukhena atthiko. Labhateti
pāpuṇāti, atthikassevedaṃ sukhaṃ, na itarassa. Ko pana atthikoti āha ‘‘tadācara’’nti
tadatthaṃ ācaranto, yāya paṭipattiyā taṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjantoti attho. Na
kevalaṃ tadācaraṃ sukhameva labhate, atha kho kittiñca
pappoti ‘‘itipi sīlavā suparisuddhakāyavacīkammanto
suparisuddhājīvo jhāyī jhānayutto’’tiādinā kittiṃ parammukhā patthaṭayasataṃ
pāpuṇāti. Yasassa
vaḍḍhatīti sammukhe
guṇābhitthavasaṅkhāto parivārasampadāsaṅkhāto ca yaso assa paribrūhati. Idāni
‘‘tadācara’’nti sāmaññato vuttamatthaṃ sarūpato dassento – ‘‘yo
ariyamaṭṭhaṅgikamañjasaṃ ujuṃ, bhāveti maggaṃ amatassa pattiyā’’ti āha.
Tassattho yo puggalo
kilesehi ārakattā parisuddhaṭṭhena paṭipajjantānaṃ ariyabhāvakaraṇaṭṭhena ariyaṃ, sammādiṭṭhiādiaṭṭhaṅgasamudāyatāya aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ, antadvayarahitamajjhimapaṭipattibhāvato
akuṭilaṭṭhena añjasaṃ, kāyavaṅkādippahānato ujuṃ, nibbānatthikehi
magganiyaṭṭhena kilese mārento gamanaṭṭhena ca ‘‘magga’’nti
laddhanāmaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadaṃ amatassa asaṅkhatāya
dhātuyā pattiyā adhigamāya bhāveti attano
santāne uppādeti vaḍḍheti ca, so nippariyāyena ‘‘sukhattho tadācara’’nti vuccati,
tasmā yathāvuttaṃ sukhaṃ labhati. Taṃ sutvā paribbājako pasannamānaso pabbajitvā
sammā paṭipajjanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Idameva
therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Sāmaññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Kumāputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sādhusutanti
āyasmato kumāputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
ito ekanavute kappe ajinacammavasano tāpaso hutvā bandhumatīnagare rājuyyāne
vasanto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso pādabbhañjanatelaṃ adāsi. So
tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto. Tato paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde avantiraṭṭhe veḷukaṇṭakanagare gahapatikule nibbatto.
‘‘Nando’’tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Mātā panassa kumā nāma, tena kumāputtoti
paññāyittha. So āyasmato sāriputtassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā laddhappasādo
pabbajitvā katapubbakicco pariyantapabbatapasse samaṇadhammaṃ karonto visesaṃ
nibbattetuṃ asakkonto bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā sappāyaṭṭhāne vasanto
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.53.24-30) –
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, rājuyyāne vasāmahaṃ;
Cammavāsī tadā āsiṃ, kamaṇḍaludharo ahaṃ.
‘‘Addasaṃ vimalaṃ buddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ;
Padhānaṃ pahitattaṃ taṃ, jhāyiṃ jhānarataṃ vasiṃ.
‘‘Sabbakāmasamiddhañca, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ;
Disvā pasannasumano, abbhañjanamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, abbhañjanamadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, abbhañjanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā araññe kāyadaḷhibahule
bhikkhū, disvā te ovadanto sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ pakāsento ‘‘sādhu
sutaṃ sādhu caritaka’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
36.
Tattha sādhūti
sundaraṃ. Sutanti
savanaṃ. Tañca kho vivaṭṭūpanissitaṃ visesato appicchatādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ
dasakathāvatthusavanaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Sādhu
caritakanti tadeva appicchatādicaritaṃ ciṇṇaṃ, sādhucaritameva hi
‘‘caritaka’’nti vuttaṃ. Padadvayenāpi bāhusaccaṃ tadanurūpaṃ paṭipattiñca
‘‘sundara’’nti dasseti. Sadāti
sabbakāle navakamajjhimatherakāle, sabbesu vā iriyāpathakkhaṇesu. Aniketavihāroti
kilesānaṃ nivāsanaṭṭhānaṭṭhena pañcakāmaguṇā niketā nāma, lokiyā vā
chaḷārammaṇadhammā. Yathāha – ‘‘rūpanimittaniketavisāravinibandhā kho, gahapati,
‘niketasārī’ti vuccatī’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 3.3). Tesaṃ niketānaṃ pahānatthāya
paṭipadā aniketavihāro. Atthapucchananti
taṃ ājānitukāmassa kalyāṇamittaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthapabhedassa pucchanaṃ, kusalādibhedassa vā
atthassa sabhāvadhammassa ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ, kiṃ sāvajjaṃ,
kiṃ anavajja’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.296) pucchanaṃ atthapucchanaṃ. Padakkhiṇakammanti
taṃ pana pucchitvā padakkhiṇaggāhibhāvena tassa ovāde adhiṭṭhānaṃ
sammāpaṭipatti. Idhāpi ‘‘sādhū’’ti padaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ. Etaṃ
sāmaññanti ‘‘sādhu suta’’ntiādinā vuttaṃ yaṃ sutaṃ, yañca caritaṃ, yo ca
aniketavihāro , yañca atthapucchanaṃ, yañca
padakkhiṇakammaṃ, etaṃ sāmaññaṃ eso samaṇabhāvo. Yasmā imāya eva paṭipadāya
samaṇabhāvo, na aññathā, tasmā ‘‘sāmañña’’nti nippariyāyato maggaphalassa
adhivacanaṃ. Tassa vā pana ayaṃ apaṇṇakapaṭipadā, taṃ panetaṃ sāmaññaṃ yādisassa
sambhavāti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘akiñcanassā’’ti
vuttaṃ. Apariggāhakassa,
khettavatthuhiraññasuvaṇṇadāsidāsādipariggahapaṭiggahaṇarahitassāti attho.
Kumāputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Kumāputtasahāyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nānājanapadaṃyantīti
āyasmato kumāputtasahāyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito catunavute
kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto araññaṃ
pavisitvā bahuṃ rukkhadaṇḍaṃ chinditvā kattarayaṭṭhiṃ katvā saṅghassa adāsi.
Aññañca yathāvibhavaṃ puññaṃ katvā devesu nibbattitvā
tato paṭṭhāya sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde veḷukaṇṭakanagare
iddhe kule nibbatti. Sudantotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. ‘‘Vāsulo’’ti keci vadanti. So kumāputtassa piyasahāyo hutvā
vicaranto ‘‘kumāputto pabbajito’’ti sutvā ‘‘na hi nūna so orako dhammavinayo,
yattha kumāputto pabbajito’’ti tadanubandhena sayampi pabbajitukāmo hutvā satthu
santikaṃ upasaṅkami. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So bhiyyosomattāya pabbajjāya
sañjātachando pabbajitvā kumāputteneva saddhiṃ pariyantapabbate bhāvanānuyutto
viharati. Tena ca samayena sambahulā bhikkhū nānājanapadesu janapadacārikaṃ
carantāpi gacchantāpi āgacchantāpi taṃ ṭhānaṃ upagacchanti.
Tena tattha kolāhalaṃ hoti. Taṃ disvā sudantatthero ‘‘ime bhikkhū
niyyānikasāsane pabbajitvā janapadavitakkaṃ anuvattentā cittasamādhiṃ
virādhentī’’ti saṃvegajāto tameva saṃvegaṃ attano cittadamanassa aṅkusaṃ karonto ‘‘nānājanapadaṃ
yantī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
37.
Tattha nānājanapadanti
visuṃ visuṃ nānāvidhaṃ janapadaṃ, kāsikosalādianekaraṭṭhanti attho. Yantīti
gacchanti. Vicarantāti
‘‘asuko janapado subhikkho sulabhapiṇḍo, asuko khemo arogo’’tiādivitakkavasena
janapadacārikaṃ carantā. Asaññatāti
tasseva janapadavitakkassa appahīnatāya cittena asaṃyatā. Samādhiñca
virādhentīti sabbassapi uttarimanussadhammassa mūlabhūtaṃ
upacārappanābhedaṃ samādhiñca nāma virādhenti . Ca-saddo
sambhāvane. Desantaracaraṇena jhāyituṃ okāsābhāvena anadhigataṃ samādhiṃ
nādhigacchantā, adhigatañca vasībhāvānāpādanena jīrantā vīrādhenti nāma. Kiṃsu
raṭṭhacariyā karissatīti sūti
nipātamattaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃbhūtānaṃ raṭṭhacariyā janapadacārikā kiṃ karissati, kiṃ nāma
atthaṃ sādhessati, niratthakāvā’’ti garahanto vadati. Tasmāti
yasmā īdisī desantaracariyā bhikkhussa na atthāvahā, api ca kho anatthāvahā
sampattīnaṃ virādhanato, tasmā. Vineyya
sārambhanti vasanapadese arativasena uppannaṃ sārambhaṃ cittasaṃkilesaṃ
tadanurūpena paṭisaṅkhānena vinetvā vūpasametvā. Jhāyeyyāti
ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena cāti duvidhenapi jhānena jhāyeyya. Apurakkhatoti
micchāvitakkehi taṇhādīhi vā na purakkhatoti tesaṃ vasaṃ anupagacchanto
kammaṭṭhānameva manasi kareyyāti attho. Evaṃ pana vatvā thero tameva saṃvegaṃ
aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.53.36-41) –
‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamoggayha, veḷuṃ chetvānahaṃ
tadā;
Ālambanaṃ karitvāna, saṅghassa adadiṃ bahuṃ.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, subbate abhivādiya;
Ālambadaṇḍaṃ datvāna, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ daṇḍamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, daṇḍadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Yaṃ panatthaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā ayaṃ thero arahattaṃ patto, tamevatthaṃ hadaye
ṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pattopi ‘‘nānājanapadaṃ
yanti’’ti idameva gāthaṃ abhāsi. Tasmā tadevassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Kumāputtasahāyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Gavampatittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yoiddhiyā
sarabhunti āyasmato gavampatittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā
pasannamānaso pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke uppanno
aparāparaṃ puññāni karonto koṇāgamanassa bhagavato cetiye chattañca vedikañca
kāresi. Kassapassa pana bhagavato kāle aññatarasmiṃ kulagehe nibbatto. Tasmiñca
kule bahuṃ gomaṇḍalaṃ ahosi. Taṃ gopālakā rakkhanti. Ayaṃ tattha antarantarā
yuttappayuttaṃ vicārento vicarati. So ekaṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ gāme piṇḍāya caritvā
bahigāme devasikaṃ ekasmiṃ padese bhattakiccaṃ karontaṃ disvā ‘‘ayyo
sūriyātapena kilamissatī’’ti cintetvā cattāro sirīsadaṇḍe ussāpetvā tesaṃ upari
sirīsasākhāyo ṭhapetvā sākhāmaṇḍapaṃ katvā adāsi. ‘‘Maṇḍapassa samīpe
sirīsarukkhaṃ ropesī’’ti ca vadanti. Tassa anukampāya devasikaṃ thero tattha
nisīdi. So tena puññakammena tato cavitvā cātumahārājikesu nibbatti. Tassa
purimakammasaṃsūcakaṃ vimānadvāre mahantaṃ sirīsavanaṃ nibbatti
vaṇṇagandhasampannehi aññehi pupphehi sabbakāle upasobhayamānaṃ, tena taṃ
vimānaṃ ‘‘serīsaka’’nti paññāyittha. So devaputto ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devesu ca
manussesu ca saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde yasattherassa catūsu gihisahāyesu gavampati nāma
hutvā āyasmato yasassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā attano sahāyehi saddhiṃ bhagavato
santikaṃ agamāsi . Satthā tassa dhammaṃ
desesi. So desanāvasāne sahāyehi saddhiṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.53.42-47) –
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, vipine vicaraṃ ahaṃ;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.
‘‘Tasmiṃ mahākāruṇike, sabbasattahite rate;
Pasannacitto sumano, nelapupphaṃ apūjayiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento sākete viharati
añjanavane. Tena ca samayena bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ sāketaṃ
gantvā añjanavane vihāsi. Senāsanaṃ nappahosi. Sambahulā bhikkhū vihārasāmantā
sarabhuyā nadiyā vālikāpuḷine sayiṃsu. Atha aḍḍharattasamaye nadiyā udakoghe
āgacchante sāmaṇerādayo uccāsaddamahāsaddā ahesuṃ. Bhagavā taṃ ñatvā āyasmantaṃ
gavampatiṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, gavampati, jaloghaṃ vikkhambhetvā bhikkhūnaṃ
phāsuvihāraṃ karohī’’ti. Thero ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’ti iddhibalena nadīsotaṃ
vikkhambhi, taṃ dūratova pabbatakūṭaṃ viya aṭṭhāsi. Tato paṭṭhāya therassa
ānubhāvo loke pākaṭo ahosi. Athekadivasaṃ satthā mahatiyā devaparisāya majjhe
nisīditvā dhammaṃ desentaṃ theraṃ disvā lokānukampāya tassa guṇānaṃ
vibhāvanatthaṃ taṃ pasaṃsanto ‘‘yo
iddhiyā sarabhu’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
38.
Tattha iddhiyāti
adhiṭṭhāniddhiyā. Sarabhunti
evaṃnāmikaṃ nadiṃ, yaṃ loke ‘‘sarabhu’’nti vadanti. Aṭṭhapesīti
sandituṃ adento sotaṃ nivattetvā pabbatakūṭaṃ viya mahantaṃ jalarāsiṃ katvā
ṭhapesi. Asitoti
nasito, taṇhādiṭṭhinissayarahito, bandhanasaṅkhātānaṃ vā sabbasaṃyojanānaṃ
samucchinnattā kenacipi bandhanena abaddho, tato eva ejānaṃ kilesānaṃ abhāvato anejo
so, gavampati, taṃ sabbasaṅgātigataṃ tādisaṃ sabbepi
rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅge atikkamitvā ṭhitattā
sabbasaṅgātigataṃ, asekkhamunibhāvato mahāmuniṃ, tato
eva kāmakammabhavādibhedassa sakalassapi bhavassa pāraṃ nibbānaṃ gatattā bhavassa
pāraguṃ. Devā namassantīti devāpi imassanti, pageva itarā pajāti.
Gāthāpariyosāne mahato
janakāyassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Thero aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘satthāraṃ
pūjessāmī’’ti imameva gāthaṃ abhāsīti.
Gavampatittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sattiyā viya omaṭṭhoti
āyasmato tissattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayampi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto tissassa bhagavato
bodhiyā mūle purāṇapaṇṇāni nīharitvā sodhesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare bhagavato pitucchāputto hutvā
nibbatti tisso nāma
nāmena. So bhagavantaṃ anupabbajitvā upasampanno hutvā araññāyatane viharanto
jātiṃ paṭicca mānaṃ karonto kodhūpāyāsabahulo ca ujjhānabahulo ca hutvā
vicarati, samaṇadhamme ussukkaṃ na karoti. Atha naṃ satthā ekadivasaṃ divāṭṭhāne
vivaṭamukhaṃ niddāyantaṃ dibbacakkhunā olokento sāvatthito ākāsena gantvā tassa
upari ākāseyeva ṭhatvā obhāsaṃ pharitvā tenobhāsena paṭibuddhassa satiṃ
uppādetvā ovādaṃ dento ‘‘sattiyā
viya omaṭṭho’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
39.
Tattha sattiyāti
desanāsīsametaṃ, ekatodhārādinā satthenāti attho. Omaṭṭhoti
pahato. Cattāro hi pahārā omaṭṭho ummaṭṭho maṭṭho vimaṭṭhoti. Tattha upari
ṭhatvā adhomukhaṃ dinnapahāro omaṭṭho nāma, heṭṭhā ṭhatvā uddhammukhaṃ
dinnapahāro ummaṭṭho nāma, aggaḷasūci viya
vinivijjhitvā gato maṭṭho nāma, seso sabbopi vimaṭṭho nāma. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne
omaṭṭho gahito. So hi sabbadāruṇo duruddharaṇasallo duttikiccho antodoso
antopubbalohitova hoti, pubbalohitaṃ anikkhamitvā vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandhitvā
tiṭṭhati. Pubbalohitaṃ nīharitukāmehi mañcena saddhiṃ bandhitvā adhosiro kātabbo hoti,
maraṇaṃ vā maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ pāpuṇanti. Ḍayhamāneti
agginā jhāyamāne. Matthaketi
sīse. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā sattiyā omaṭṭho puriso
sallubbāhanavaṇatikicchanānaṃ atthāya vīriyaṃ ārabhati tādisaṃ payogaṃ karoti
parakkamati, yathā ca ḍayhamāne matthake ādittasīso puriso tassa nibbāpanatthaṃ
vīriyaṃ ārabhati tādisaṃ payogaṃ karoti, evamevaṃ, bhikkhu, kāmarāgappahānāya
sato appamatto ativiya ussāhajāto hutvā vihareyyāti.
Evaṃ bhagavā tassa therassa
kodhūpāyāsavūpasamāya ovādaṃ dento tadekaṭṭhatāya kāmarāgappahānasīsena desanaṃ
niṭṭhāpesi. Thero imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā saṃviggahadayo vipassanāya yuttappayutto
vihāsi. Tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā satthā saṃyuttake tissattherasuttaṃ (saṃ.
ni. 3.84) desesi. So desanāpariyosāne arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.53.66-73) –
‘‘Devaloke manusse ce, anubhotvā ubho yase;
Avasāne ca nibbānaṃ, sivaṃ patto anuttaraṃ.
‘‘Sambuddhaṃ uddisitvāna, bodhiṃ vā tassa satthuno;
Yo puññaṃ pasavī poso, tassa kiṃ nāma dullabhaṃ.
‘‘Magge phale āgame ca, jhānābhiññāguṇesu ca;
Aññesaṃ adhiko hutvā, nibbāyāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Purehaṃ bodhiyā pattaṃ, chaḍḍetvā haṭṭhamānaso;
Imehi vīsataṅgehi, samaṅgī homi sabbathā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto satthāraṃ pūjetuṃ tameva gāthaṃ
abhāsi.
Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Vaḍḍhamānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sattiyāviya
omaṭṭhoti āyasmato vaḍḍhamānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito dvenavute kappe tissassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso suparipakkāni vaṇṭato muttāni ambaphalāni adāsi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññakammāni upacinanto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājakule nibbatti, vaḍḍhamānotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto saddho pasanno dāyako dānarato kārako saṅghupaṭṭhāko
hutvā tathārūpe aparādhe satthārā pattanikkujjanakamme kārāpite aggiṃ akkanto
viya saṅghaṃ khamāpetvā kammaṃ paṭippassambhetvā sañjātasaṃvego pabbaji,
pabbajitvā pana thinamiddhābhibhūto vihāsi.
Taṃ satthā saṃvejento ‘‘sattiyā
viya omaṭṭho’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
40.
Tattha bhavarāgappahānāyāti
bhavarāgassa rūparāgassa arūparāgassa ca pajahanatthāya. Yadipi
ajjhattasaṃyojanāni appahāya bahiddhasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānaṃ nāma natthi,
nānantarikabhāvato pana uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanappahānavacanena
orambhāgiyasaṃyojanappahānampi vuttameva hoti. Yasmā vā
samucchinnorambhāgiyasaṃyojanānampi kesañci ariyānaṃ uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni
duppaheyyāni honti, tasmā suppaheyyato duppaheyyameva dassento bhagavā
bhavarāgappahānasīsena sabbassāpi uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanassa pahānamāha. Therassa
eva vā ajjhāsayavasenevaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Vaḍḍhamānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Catutthavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Pañcamavaggo
1. Sirivaḍḍhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Vivaramanupatantivijjutāti
āyasmato sirivaḍḍhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe
vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vipassiṃ
bhagavantaṃ passitvā kiṅkaṇipupphehi pūjaṃ katvā tena puññakammena devaloke
nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa gehe nibbatti, sirivaḍḍhotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bimbisārasamāgame satthari saddhamme ca
uppannappasādo hetusampannatāya pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca katapubbakicco
vebhārapaṇḍavapabbatānaṃ avidūre aññatarasmiṃ araññāyatane pabbataguhāyaṃ
kammaṭṭhānamanuyutto viharati. Tasmiñca samaye mahā akālamegho uṭṭhahi.
Vijjullatā pabbatavivaraṃ pavisantiyo viya vicaranti. Therassa
ghammapariḷāhābhibhūtassa sāragabbhehi meghavātehi ghammapariḷāho vūpasami.
Utusappāyalābhena cittaṃ ekaggaṃ ahosi. Samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.10-14) –
‘‘Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Odakaṃ dahamoggayha, sināyi aggapuggalo.
‘‘Paggayha kiṅkaṇiṃ pupphaṃ, vipassissābhiropayiṃ;
Udaggacitto sumano, dvipadindassa tādino.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattavīsatikappamhi, rājā bhīmaratho ahu;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā
aññāpadesena attasannissayaṃ udānaṃ udānento ‘‘vivaramanupatanti
vijjutā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
41.
Tattha vivaranti
antarā vemajjhaṃ. Anupatantīti
anulakkhaṇe patanti pavattanti, vijjotantīti attho. Vijjotanameva hi
vijjullatānaṃ pavatti nāma. Anu-saddayogena
cettha upayogavacanaṃ, yathā ‘‘rukkhamanuvijjotantī’’ti. Vijjutāti sateratā. Vebhārassa
ca paṇḍavassa cāti vebhārapabbatassa ca paṇḍavapabbatassa ca
vivaramanupatantīti yojanā. Nagavivaragatoti
nagavivaraṃ pabbataguhaṃ upagato. Jhāyatīti
ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyati, samathavipassanaṃ
ussukkāpento bhāveti. Putto
appaṭimassa tādinoti sīlakkhandhādidhammakāyasampattiyā
rūpakāyasampattiyā ca anupamassa upamārahitassa iṭṭhāniṭṭhādīsu
tādilakkhaṇasampattiyā tādino buddhassa bhagavato orasaputto. Puttavacaneneva
cettha therena satthu anujātabhāvadīpanena aññā byākatāti veditabbaṃ.
Sirivaḍḍhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Khadiravaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Cāle upacāleti āyasmato
khadiravaniyarevatattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare titthanāvikakule nibbattitvā mahāgaṅgāya
payāgatitthe titthanāvākammaṃ karonto ekadivasaṃ sasāvakasaṅghaṃ bhagavantaṃ
gaṅgātīraṃ upagataṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ yojetvā mahantena
pūjāsakkārena paratīraṃ pāpetvā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ satthārā āraññakānaṃ
aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā tadatthaṃ patthanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhagavato
bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Bhagavā ca tassa patthanāya
avajjhabhāvaṃ byākāsi. So tato paṭṭhāya tattha tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ
katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe nālakagāme rūpasāriyā brāhmaṇiyā kucchismiṃ nibbatti.
Taṃ vayappattaṃ mātāpitaro gharabandhanena bandhitukāmā jātā. So sāriputtattherassa
pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘mayhaṃ jeṭṭhabhātā ayyo upatisso imaṃ vibhavaṃ chaḍḍetvā
pabbajito, tena vantaṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ kathāhaṃ pacchā gilissāmī’’ti jātasaṃvego
pāsaṃ anupagacchanakamigo viya ñātake vañcetvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno
bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā dhammasenāpatino kaniṭṭhabhāvaṃ nivedetvā attano
pabbajjāya chandaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhū taṃ pabbājetvā paripuṇṇavīsativassaṃ
upasampādetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojesuṃ. So
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā khadiravanaṃ pavisitvā, ‘‘arahattaṃ patvā bhagavantaṃ
dhammasenāpatiñca passissāmī’’ti ghaṭento vāyamanto ñāṇassa paripākagatattā
nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.1.628-643) –
‘‘Gaṅgā bhāgīrathī nāma, himavantā pabhāvitā;
Kutitthe nāviko āsiṃ, orime ca tariṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Padumuttaro nāyako, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
Vasīsatasahassehi, gaṅgātīramupāgato.
‘‘Bahū nāvā samānetvā, vaḍḍhakīhi susaṅkhataṃ;
Nāvāya chadanaṃ katvā, paṭimāniṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Āgantvāna ca sambuddho, ārūhi tañca nāvakaṃ;
Vārimajjhe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo so tāresi sambuddhaṃ, saṅghañcāpi anāsavaṃ;
Tena cittappasādena, devaloke ramissati.
‘‘Nibbattissati te byamhaṃ, sukataṃ nāvasaṇṭhitaṃ;
Ākāse pupphachadanaṃ, dhārayissati sabbadā.
‘‘Aṭṭhapaññāsakappamhi, tārako nāma khattiyo;
Cāturanto vijitāvī, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi , cammako nāma
khattiyo;
Uggacchantova sūriyo, jotissati mahabbalo.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tidasā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;
Revato nāma nāmena, brahmabandhu bhavissati.
‘‘Agārā nikkhamitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.
‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, yuttayogo vipassako;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;
Sumutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayī mama.
‘‘Tato maṃ vananirataṃ, disvā lokantagū muni;
Vanavāsibhikkhūnaggaṃ, paññapesi mahāmati.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā thero satthāraṃ dhammasenāpatiñca vandituṃ senāsanaṃ
saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anupubbena sāvatthiṃ patvā jetavanaṃ pavisitvā
satthāraṃ dhammasenāpatiñca vanditvā katipāhaṃ jetavane vihāsi .
Atha naṃ satthā ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno āraññakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne
ṭhapesi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āraññakānaṃ yadidaṃ
revato khadiravaniyo’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 203). So aparabhāge attano jātagāmaṃ
gantvā ‘‘cālā, upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti tissannaṃ bhaginīnaṃ putte ‘‘cālā,
upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti tayo bhāgineyye ānetvā pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojesi.
Te kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttā viharanti. Tasmiñca samaye therassa kocideva ābādho
uppanno. Taṃ sutvā sāriputtatthero revataṃ
‘‘gilānapucchanaṃ adhigamapucchanañca karissāmī’’ti upagacchi. Revatatthero
dhammasenāpatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā tesaṃ sāmaṇerānaṃ satuppādanavasena
ovadanto ‘‘cāle
upacāle’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
42.
Tattha cāle upacāle
sīsūpacāleti tesaṃ ālapanaṃ. ‘‘Cālā, upacālā, sīsūpacālā’’ti hi
itthiliṅgavasena laddhanāmā te tayo dārakā pabbajitāpi tathā voharīyanti.
‘‘‘Cālī, upacālī, sīsūpacālī’ti tesaṃ nāma’’nti ca vadanti. Yadatthaṃ
‘‘cālā’’tiādinā āmantanaṃ kataṃ, taṃ dassento ‘‘patissatā
nu kho viharathā’’ti vatvā tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘āgato
vo vālaṃ viya vedhī’’ti. Patissatāti
patissatikā. Khoti
avadhāraṇe. Āgatoti
āgacchi. Voti
tumhākaṃ. Vālaṃ viya
vedhīti vālavedhī viya, ayañhettha saṅkhepattho –
tikkhajavananibbedhikapaññatāya vālavedhirūpo satthukappo tumhākaṃ mātulatthero
āgato, tasmā samaṇasaññaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā satisampajaññayuttā eva hutvā viharatha,
‘‘yathādhigate vihāre appamattā bhavathā’’ti.
Taṃ sutvā te sāmaṇerā dhammasenāpatissa paccuggamanādivattaṃ katvā ubhinnaṃ
mātulattherānaṃ paṭisanthāravelāyaṃ nātidūre samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdiṃsu.
Dhammasenāpati revatattherena saddhiṃ paṭisanthāraṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā te
sāmaṇere upasaṅkami, te tathākālaparicchedassa katattā there upasaṅkamante eva
uṭṭhahitvā vanditvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero ‘‘katarakataravihārena viharathā’’ti
pucchitvā tehi ‘‘imāya
imāyā’’ti vutte ‘‘dārakepi nāma evaṃ vinento mayhaṃ bhātiko paccapādi vata
dhammassa anudhamma’’nti theraṃ pasaṃsanto pakkāmi.
Khadiravaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Sumaṅgalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sumuttikoti āyasmato
sumaṅgalattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle
rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nhāyitvā ekacīvaraṃ ṭhitaṃ
disvā somanassappatto hutvā apphoṭesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ gāmake tādisena
kammanissandena daliddakule nibbatti. Tassa sumaṅgaloti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto khujjakāsitanaṅgalakuddālaparikkhāro hutvā kasiyā
jīvati. So ekadivasaṃ raññā pasenadikosalena bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca
mahādāne pavattiyamāne dānopakaraṇāni gahetvā āgacchantehi manussehi saddhiṃ
dadhighaṭaṃ gahetvā āgato bhikkhūnaṃ sakkārasammānaṃ disvā ‘‘ime samaṇā
sakyaputtiyā sukhumavatthasunivatthā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu senāsanesu
viharanti, yaṃnūnāhampi pabbajeyya’’nti cintetvā, aññataraṃ mahātheraṃ
upasaṅkamitvā attano pabbajjādhippāyaṃ nivedesi. So taṃ karuṇāyanto pabbājetvā
kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. So araññe viharanto ekavihāre nibbinno ukkaṇṭhito hutvā,
vibbhamitukāmo ñātigāmaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kacchaṃ bandhitvā khettaṃ kasante
kiliṭṭhavatthanivatthe samantato rajokiṇṇasarīre vātātapena phussante kassake
disvā, ‘‘mahantaṃ vatime sattā jīvikanimittaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhontī’’ti saṃvegaṃ
paṭilabhi. Ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā yathāgahitaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ upaṭṭhāsi. So
aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā vivekaṃ labhitvā yoniso manasikaronto vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.11-19) –
‘‘Atthadassī jinavaro, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Vihārā abhinikkhamma, taḷākaṃ upasaṅkami.
‘‘Nhātvā pitvā ca sambuddho, uttaritvekacīvaro;
Aṭṭhāsi bhagavā tattha, vilokento disodisaṃ.
‘‘Bhavane upaviṭṭhohaṃ,
addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, apphoṭesiṃ ahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Sataraṃsiṃva jotantaṃ, pabhāsantaṃva kañcanaṃ;
Naccagīte payuttohaṃ, pañcaṅgatūriyamhi ca.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Sabbe satte abhibhomi, vipulo hoti me yaso.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Attānaṃ tosayitvāna, pare tosesi tvaṃ muni.
‘‘Pariggahe nisīditvā, hāsaṃ katvāna subbate;
Upaṭṭhahitvā sambuddhaṃ, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Soḷaseto kappasate, dvinavaekacintitā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā sampattiṃ attano dukkhavimuttiñca kittanavasena udānaṃ
udānento ‘‘sumuttiko’’tiādimāha.
43.
Tattha sumuttikoti
sundarā accantikatāya apunabbhavikā mutti etassāti sumuttiko. Tassa pana
vimuttiyā pāsaṃsiyatāya acchariyatāya ca apphoṭento āha ‘‘sumuttiko’’ti.
Puna tattha vimuttiyaṃ attano pasādassa daḷhabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘sāhu
sumuttikomhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Sādhu suṭṭhu muttiko vatamhī’’ti attho. ‘‘Kuto
panāyaṃ sumuttikatā’’ti? Kāmañcāyaṃ thero sabbasmāpi vaṭṭadukkhato suvimutto,
attano pana tāva upaṭṭhitaṃ ativiya aniṭṭhabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ dassento ‘‘tīhi
khujjakehī’’tiādimāha. Tattha khujjakehīti
khujjasabhāvehi, khujjākārehi vā. Nissakkavacanañcetaṃ muttasaddāpekkhāya.
Kassako hi akhujjopi samāno tīsu ṭhānesu attānaṃ khujjaṃ katvā dasseti lāyane
kasane kuddālakamme ca. Yo hi pana kassako lāyanādīni karoti ,
tānipi asitādīni kuṭilākārato khujjakānīti vuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi khujjakehī’’ti.
Idāni tāni sarūpato dassento ‘‘asitāsu
mayā, naṅgalāsu mayā, khuddakuddālāsu mayā’’ti āha. Tattha asitāsu
mayāti lavittehi mayā muttanti attho. Nissakke cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.
Sesesupi eseva nayo. Apare pana ‘‘asitāsu
mayāti lavittehi karaṇabhūtehi mayā khujjita’’nti vadanti. Tesaṃ matena
karaṇatthe hetumhi vā bhummavacanaṃ. ‘‘Naṅgalāsū’’ti
liṅgavipallāsaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, naṅgalehi
kasirehīti attho. Attanā vaḷañjitakuddālassa sabhāvato vaḷañjanena vā appakatāya
vuttaṃ ‘‘khuddakuddālāsū’’ti ‘‘kuṇṭhakuddālāsū’’tipi pāḷi.
Vaḷañjaneneva atikhiṇakhaṇittesūti attho. Idhamevāti ma-kāro
padasandhikaro. Atha
vāpīti vā-saddo
nipātamattaṃ. Gāmake ṭhitattā tāni asitādīni kiñcāpi idheva mama samīpeyeva,
tathāpi alameva hotīti attho. Turitavasena cetaṃ āmeḍitavacanaṃ. Jhāyāti
phalasamāpattijjhānavasena diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ dibbavihārādivasena ca
jhāya. Sumaṅgalāti
attānaṃ ālapati. Jhāne pana ādaradassanatthaṃ āmeḍitaṃ kataṃ. Appamatto
viharāti satipaññāvepullappattiyā sabbatthakameva appamattosi tvaṃ, tasmā
idāni sukhaṃ vihara, sumaṅgala. Keci pana ‘‘arahattaṃ appatvā eva vipassanāya
vīthipaṭipannāya sāsane sañjātābhiratiyā yathānubhūtaṃ gharāvāsadukkhaṃ
jigucchanto thero imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā pacchā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇī’’ti vadanti. Tesaṃ matena ‘‘jhāya appamatto viharā’’ti padānaṃ attho
vipassanāmaggavasenapi yujjati eva.
Sumaṅgalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Sānuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Mataṃvā
amma rodantīti āyasmato sānuttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato
hatthapādadhovanamukhavikkhālanānaṃ atthāya udakaṃ upanesi. Satthā hi
bhojanakāle hatthapāde dhovitukāmo ahosi. So satthu ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā udakaṃ
upanesi. Bhagavā hatthapāde dhovitvā bhuñjitvā mukhaṃ vikkhāletukāmo ahosi. So
tampi ñatvā mukhodakaṃ upanesi. Satthā mukhaṃ
vikkhāletvā mukhadhovanakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Evaṃ bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya tena
karīyamānaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ sādiyi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa upāsakassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tasmiṃ gabbhagateyeva
pitā pavāsaṃ gato, upāsikā dasamāsaccayena puttaṃ vijāyitvā sānūtissa
nāmaṃ akāsi. Tasmiṃ anukkamena vaḍḍhante sattavassikaṃyeva naṃ bhikkhūnaṃ
santike pabbājesi, ‘‘evamayaṃ anantarāyo vaḍḍhitvā accantasukhabhāgī
bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘So sānusāmaṇero’’ti paññāto paññavā vattasampanno bahussuto dhammakathiko
sattesu mettajjhāsayo hutvā devamanussānaṃ piyo ahosi manāpoti sabbaṃ sānusutte
āgatanayena veditabbaṃ.
Tassa atītajātiyaṃ mātā yakkhayoniyaṃ nibbatti. Taṃ yakkhā ‘‘sānuttherassa ayaṃ
mātā’’ti garucittikārabahulā hutvā mānenti. Evaṃ gacchante kāle
puthujjanabhāvassa ādīnavaṃ vibhāventaṃ viya ekadivasaṃ sānussa yoniso
manasikārābhāvā ayoniso ummujjantassa vibbhamitukāmatācittaṃ uppajji. Taṃ tassa
yakkhinimātā ñatvā manussamātuyā ārocesi – ‘‘tava putto, sānu, ‘vibbhamissāmī’ti
cittaṃ uppādesi, tasmā tvaṃ –
‘‘Sānuṃ pabuddhaṃ vajjāsi, yakkhānaṃ vacanaṃ idaṃ;
Mākāsi pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.
‘‘Sace tvaṃ pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, karissasi karosi
vā;
Na te dukkhā pamutyatthi, uppaccāpi palāyato’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.239; dha. pa.
aṭṭha. 2.325 sānusāmaṇeravatthu) –
Evaṃ bhaṇāhī’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā yakkhinimātā tatthevantaradhāyi. Manussamātā
pana taṃ sutvā paridevasokasamāpannā cetodukkhasamappitā ahosi. Atha
sānusāmaṇero pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya
mātu santikaṃ upagato mātaraṃ rodamānaṃ disvā ‘‘amma, kiṃ nissāya rodasī’’ti
vatvā ‘‘taṃ nissāyā’’ti ca vutto mātu ‘‘mataṃ
vā, amma, rodanti, yo vā jīvaṃ na dissatī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
44.
Tassattho – ‘‘amma, rodantā
nāma ñātakā mittā vā attano ñātakaṃ mittaṃ vā mataṃ uddissa rodanti paralokaṃ
gatattā, yo vā ñātako
mitto vā jīvaṃ jīvanto
desantaraṃ pakkantatāya ca na
dissati, taṃ vā uddissa rodanti, ubhayampetaṃ mayi na
vijjati, evaṃ sante jīvantaṃ dharamānaṃ maṃ purato
ṭhitaṃ passantī;
kasmā, amma, rodasi?Maṃ uddissa tava rodanassa kāraṇameva natthī’’ti.
Taṃ sutvā tassa mātā ‘‘maraṇañhetaṃ, bhikkhave, yo sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya
hīnāyāvattatī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.63) suttapadānusārena uppabbajanaṃ ariyassa vinaye
maraṇanti dassentī –
‘‘Mataṃ vā putta rodanti, yo vā jīvaṃ na
dissati;
Yo ca kāme cajitvāna, punarāgacchate idha.
‘‘Taṃ vāpi putta rodanti, puna jīvaṃ mato hi so;
Kukkuḷā ubbhato tāta, kukkuḷaṃ patitumicchasī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.239; dha. pa.
aṭṭha. 2.sānusāmaṇeravatthu) –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha kāme cajitvānāti
nekkhammajjhāsayena vatthukāme pahāya, tañca kilesakāmassa tadaṅgappahānavasena
veditabbaṃ. Pabbajjā hettha kāmapariccāgo adhippeto. Punarāgacchate
idhāti idha gehe punadeva āgacchati, hīnāyāvattanaṃ sandhāya vadati. Taṃ
vāpīti yo pabbajitvā vibbhamati , taṃ
vāpi puggalaṃ mataṃ viyamādisiyo rodanti. Kasmāti ce? Puna
jīvaṃ mato hi soti vibbhamanato pacchā yo jīvanto, so guṇamaraṇena
atthato matoyeva. Idānissa savisesasaṃvegaṃ janetuṃ ‘‘kukkuḷā’’tiādi
vuttaṃ. Tassattho – ‘‘ahorattaṃ ādittaṃ viya hutvā ḍahanaṭṭhena
kukkuḷanirayasadisattā kukkuḷā gihibhāvā
anukampantiyā mayā ubbhato uddhato, tāta sānu, kukkuḷaṃ
patituṃ icchasi patitukāmosī’’ti.
Taṃ sutvā sānusāmaṇero saṃvegajāto hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.25-29) –
‘‘Bhuñjantaṃ samaṇaṃ disvā, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;
Ghaṭenodakamādāya, siddhatthassa adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Nimmalo homahaṃ ajja, vimalo khīṇasaṃsayo;
Bhave nibbattamānassa, phalaṃ nibbattate subhaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, udakaṃ yamadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekasaṭṭhimhito kappe, ekova vimalo ahu;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero imissā gāthāya
vasena ‘‘mayhaṃ vipassanārambho arahattappatti ca jātā’’ti udānavasena tameva
gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Sānuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Ramaṇīyavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathāpibhaddo
ājaññoti āyasmato ramaṇīyavihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe
vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā
koraṇḍapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe aññatarassa
seṭṭhissa putto hutvā nibbatto yobbanamadena kāmesu mucchaṃ āpanno viharati. So
ekadivasaṃ aññataraṃ pāradārikaṃ rājapurisehi vividhā kammakāraṇā karīyamānaṃ
disvā saṃvegajāto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbaji. Pabbajito ca
rāgacaritatāya niccakālaṃ susammaṭṭhaṃ pariveṇaṃ sūpaṭṭhitaṃ
pānīyaparibhojanīyaṃ supaññataṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ katvā viharati. Tena so ramaṇīyavihārītveva
paññāyittha.
So rāgussannatāya ayoniso manasi karitvā sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiāpattiṃ
āpajjitvā, ‘‘dhiratthu, maṃ evaṃbhūto saddhādeyyaṃ bhuñjeyya’’nti
vippaṭisārī hutvā ‘‘vibbhamissāmī’’ti gacchanto antarāmagge rukkhamūle nisīdi,
tena ca maggena sakaṭesu gacchantesu eko sakaṭayutto goṇo parissamanto
visamaṭṭhāne khalitvā pati, taṃ sākaṭikā yugato muñcitvā tiṇodakaṃ datvā
parissamaṃ vinodetvā punapi dhure yojetvā agamaṃsu. Thero taṃ disvā – ‘‘yathāyaṃ
goṇo sakiṃ khalitvāpi uṭṭhāya sakiṃ dhuraṃ vahati, evaṃ mayāpi kilesavasena
sakiṃ khalitenāpi vuṭṭhāya samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti yoniso ummujjanto
nivattitvā upālittherassa attano pavattiṃ ācikkhitvā tena vuttavidhinā āpattito
vuṭṭhahitvā sīlaṃ pākatikaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.35-39) –
‘‘Akkantañca padaṃ disvā, cakkālaṅkārabhūsitaṃ;
Padenānupadaṃ yanto, vipassissa mahesino.
‘‘Koraṇḍaṃ pupphitaṃ
disvā, samūlaṃ pūjitaṃ mayā;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, avandiṃ padamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, eko vītamalo ahuṃ;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto attano pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā
saddhiṃ ariyadhammādhigamanadīpaniṃ ‘‘yathāpi
bhaddo ājañño, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
45.
Tattha khalitvāti
pakkhalitvā. Patitiṭṭhatīti
patiṭṭhahati, punadeva yathāṭhāne tiṭṭhati. Evanti
yathā bhaddo usabhājānīyo bhāraṃ vahanto parissamappatto visamaṭṭhānaṃ āgamma
ekavāraṃ pakkhalitvā patito na tattakena dhuraṃ chaḍḍeti,
thāmajavaparakkamasampannatāya pana khalitvāpi patitiṭṭhati, attano sabhāveneva
ṭhatvā bhāraṃ vahati, evaṃ kilesaparissamappatto kiriyāparādhena khalitvā taṃ
khalitaṃ thāmavīriyasampattitāya paṭipākatikaṃ katvā maggasammādiṭṭhiyā dassanasampannaṃ, tato
eva sammāsambuddhassa savanante
ariyāya jātiyā jātatāya sāvakaṃ, tassa
ure vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya orasaṃ puttaṃ
bhaddājānīyasadisakiccatāya ājānīyanti ca maṃ dhāretha upadhārethāti attho.
Ramaṇīyavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Samiddhittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saddhāyāhaṃpabbajitoti
āyasmato samiddhittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu kattādhikāro
tattha tattha puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ
passitvā pasannamānaso savaṇṭāni pupphāni kaṇṇikabaddhāni gahetvā pūjesi. So
tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva
parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe kulagehe nibbatti. Tassa jātakālato
paṭṭhāya taṃ kulaṃ dhanadhaññādīhi vaḍḍhi, attabhāvo cassa abhirūpo dassanīyo
guṇavā iti vibhavasamiddhiyā ca guṇasamiddhiyā ca samiddhītveva
paññāyittha. So bimbisārasamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā bhāvanāya yuttappayutto viharanto bhagavati tapodārāme viharante
ekadivasaṃ evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘lābhā vata me satthā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho,
svākkhāte cāhaṃ dhammavinaye pabbajito, sabrahmacārī ca me sīlavanto
kalyāṇadhammā’’ti. Tassevaṃ cintentassa uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ udapādi. Taṃ
asahanto māro pāpimā therassa avidūre mahantaṃ bheravasaddamakāsi, pathaviyā
undriyanakālo viya ahosi. Thero bhagavato tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhagavā ‘‘māro
tuyhaṃ vicakkhukammāya ceteti, gaccha, bhikkhu tattha acintetvā viharāhī’’ti
āha. Thero tattha gantvā viharanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.30-34) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ
pabbatantare;
Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, siddhatthaṃ narasārathiṃ.
‘‘Dhanuṃ advejjhaṃ katvāna, usuṃ sannayhahaṃ tadā;
Pupphaṃ savaṇṭaṃ chetvāna, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekapaññāsito kappe, eko āsiṃ jutindharo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā tattheva viharantassa
therassa khīṇāsavabhāvaṃ ajānanto purimanayeneva māro mahantaṃ bheravasaddaṃ
akāsi. Taṃ sutvā thero abhīto acchambhī ‘‘tādisānaṃ mārānaṃ satampi sahassampi
mayhaṃ lomampi na kampetī’’ti aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘saddhāyāhaṃ
pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
46.
Tattha saddhāyāti
dhammacchandasamuṭṭhānāya kammaphalasaddhāya ceva ratanattayasaddhāya ca. Ahanti
attānaṃ niddisati. Pabbajitoti
upagato. Agārasmāti
gehato gharāvāsato vā. Anagāriyanti
pabbajjaṃ, sā hi yaṃkiñci kasivāṇijjādikammaṃ ‘agārassa hita’nti agāriyaṃ nāma,
tadabhāvato ‘‘anagāriyā’’ti vuccati. Sati
paññā ca me vuḍḍhāti saraṇalakkhaṇā sati, pajānanalakkhaṇā paññāti ime
dhammā vipassanākkhaṇato paṭṭhāya maggapaṭipāṭiyā yāva
arahattā me vuḍḍhā vaḍḍhitā, na dāni vaḍḍhetabbā atthi satipaññā vepullappattāti
dasseti. Cittañca
susamāhitanti aṭṭhasamāpattivasena ceva lokuttarasamādhivasena ca cittaṃ
me suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ, na dāni tassa samādhātabbaṃ atthi, samādhi vepullappattoti
dasseti. Tasmā kāmaṃ
karassu rūpānīti pāpima maṃ uddissa yāni kānici vippakārāni yathāruciṃ
karohi, tehi pana neva
maṃ byādhayissasi mama sarīrakampanamattampi kātuṃ na
sakkhissasi, kuto cittaññathattaṃ? Tasmā tava kiriyā appaṭicchitapahenakaṃ viya
na kiñci atthaṃ sodheti, kevalaṃ tava cittavighātamattaphalāti thero māraṃ
tajjesi. Taṃ sutvā māro ‘‘jānāti maṃ samaṇo’’ti tatthevantaradhāyi.
Samiddhittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Ujjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Namote
buddha vīratthūti āyasmato ujjayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito dvānavute
kappe tissaṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso kaṇikārapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So
tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe
aññatarassa sottiyabrāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, ujjayotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto
upanissayasampattiyā codiyamāno veḷuvanaṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharanto
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.1-4) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;
Tissassa abhiropesiṃ, oghatiṇṇassa tādino.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pañcatiṃse ito kappe, aruṇapāṇīti vissuto;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā
vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīditvā bhagavato thomanākārena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘namo
te buddha vīratthū’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
47.
Tattha namoti
paṇāmakittanaṃ. Teti
paṇāmakiriyāya sampadānakittanaṃ, tuyhanti attho. Buddha
vīrāti ca bhagavato ālapanaṃ. Bhagavā hi yathā abhiññeyyādibhedassa
atthassa abhiññeyyādibhedena sayambhūñāṇena anavasesato buddhattā ‘‘buddho’’ti
vuccati. Evaṃ pañcannampi mārānaṃ abhippamaddanavasena padahantena mahatā
vīriyena samannāgatattā ‘‘vīro’’ti vuccati. Atthūti
hotu, tassa ‘‘namo’’ti iminā sambandho. Vippamuttosi
sabbadhīti sabbehi kilesehi sabbasmiñca saṅkhāragate vippamutto
visaṃyutto asi bhavasi, na tayā kiñci avippamuttaṃ nāma atthi, yatohaṃ tuyhāpadāne
viharaṃ, viharāmi anāsavoti tuyhaṃ tava apadāne ovāde gatamagge
paṭipatticariyāya viharaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ
paṭipajjanto kāmāsavādīnaṃ catunnampi āsavānaṃ suppahīnattā anāsavo viharāmi,
tādisassa namo te buddha-vīratthūti.
Ujjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Sañjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yato ahanti āyasmato
sañjayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahati pūge
saṃkittivasena vatthuṃ saṅgharitvā ratanattayaṃ uddissa puññaṃ karonto sayaṃ
daliddo hutvā nesaṃ gaṇādīnaṃ puññakiriyāya byāvaṭo ahosi. Kālena kālaṃ
bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā pasannamānaso bhikkhūnañca taṃ taṃ
veyyāvaccaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni
katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa
brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti sañjayo nāma
nāmena, so vayappatto brahmāyupokkharasātiādike abhiññāte brāhmaṇe sāsane
abhippasanne disvā sañjātappasādo satthāraṃ upasaṅkami. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ
desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpanno ahosi. Aparabhāge pabbaji. Pabbajanto ca
khuraggeyeva chaḷabhiñño ahosī. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.10.51-55) –
‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, mahāpūgagaṇo ahu;
Veyyāvaccakaro āsiṃ, sabbakiccesu vāvaṭo.
‘‘Deyyadhammo ca me natthi, sugatassa mahesino;
Avandiṃ satthuno pāde, vippasannena cetasā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, veyyāvaccaṃ akāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, veyyāvaccassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca aṭṭhame kappe, rājā āsiṃ sucintito;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘yato
ahaṃ pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
48.
Tattha yato ahaṃ
pabbajitoti yato pabhuti yato paṭṭhāya ahaṃ pabbajito. Pabbajitakālato
paṭṭhāya nābhijānāmi
saṅkappaṃ, anariyaṃ dosasaṃhitanti rāgādidosasaṃhitaṃ tato eva anariyaṃ
nihīnaṃ, ariyehi vā anaraṇīyatāya anariyehi araṇīyatāya ca anariyaṃ pāpakaṃ
ārammaṇe abhūtaguṇādisaṅkappanato ‘‘saṅkappo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ
kāmavitakkādimicchāvitakkaṃ uppāditaṃ nābhijānāmīti, ‘‘khuraggeyeva mayā
arahattaṃ patta’’nti aññaṃ byākāsi.
Sañjayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Rāmaṇeyyakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Cihacihābhinaditeti āyasmato
rāmaṇeyyakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsu eva
parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ ibbhakule nibbattitvā vayappatto
jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe sañjātappasādo pabbajitvā cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
araññe viharati. Tassa attano sampattiyā pabbajitasāruppāya ca paṭipattiyā
pāsādikabhāvato rāmaṇeyyakotveva
samaññā ahosi . Athekadivasaṃ māro theraṃ
bhiṃsāpetukāmo bheravasaddaṃ akāsi. Taṃ sutvā thero thirapakatitāya tena
asantasanto ‘‘māro aya’’nti ñatvā tattha anādaraṃ dassento ‘‘cihacihābhinadite’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
49.
Tattha cihacihābhinaditeti
cihacihāti abhiṇhaṃ pavattasaddatāya ‘‘cihacihā’’ti laddhanāmānaṃ vaṭṭakānaṃ
abhinādanimittaṃ, viravahetūti attho. Sippikābhirutehi
cāti sippikā vuccanti devakā paranāmakā gelaññena chātakisadārakākārā
sākhāmigā. ‘‘Mahākalandakā’’ti keci, sippikānaṃ abhirutehi mahāviravehi, hetumhi
cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, taṃ hetūti attho. Na
me taṃ phandati cittanti mama cittaṃ na phandati na cavati. Idaṃ vuttaṃ
hoti – imasmiṃ araññe viravahetu sippikābhirutahetu viya, pāpima, tava
vissarakaraṇahetu mama cittaṃ kammaṭṭhānato na paripatatīti. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘ekattaniratañhi
me’’ti. Hi-saddo
hetu attho, yasmā mama cittaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya ekatte ekībhāve, bahiddhā vā
vikkhepaṃ pahāya ekatte ekaggatāya, ekatte ekasabhāve vā nibbāne nirataṃ
abhirataṃ, tasmā kammaṭṭhānato na phandati na cavatīti, imaṃ kira gāthaṃ vadanto
eva thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.21.5-9) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo bhagavā, sataraṃsī patāpavā;
Caṅkamanaṃ samārūḷho, mettacitto sikhīsabho.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, vanditvā ñāṇamuttamaṃ;
Minelapupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekūnatiṃsakappamhi, sumeghaghananāmako;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.
Rāmaṇeyyakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Dharaṇīca
siñcati vāti āyasmato vimalattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ
upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle saṅkhadhamanakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ
patto tasmiṃ sippe nipphattiṃ gato ekadivasaṃ
vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā pasannamānaso saṅkhadhamanena pūjaṃ katvā tato
paṭṭhāya kālena kālaṃ satthu upaṭṭhānaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa
bhagavato kāle ‘‘anāgate me vimalo visuddho kāyo hotū’’ti bodhirukkhaṃ
gandhodakehi nhāpesi, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇesu āsanāni dhovāpesi, bhikkhūnampi
kiliṭṭhe samaṇaparikkhāre dhovāpesi.
So tato cavitvā devesu ca manussesu ca parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe
ibbhakule nibbatti. Tassa mātukucchiyaṃ vasantassa nikkhamantassa ca kāyo
pittasemhādīhi asaṃkiliṭṭho padumapalāse udakabindu viya alaggo
pacchimabhavikabodhisattassa viya suvisuddho ahosi, tenassa vimalotveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto rājagahappavesane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā kosalaraṭṭhe pabbataguhāyaṃ
viharati. Athekadivasaṃ cātuddīpikamahāmegho sakalaṃ cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ
pattharitvā pāvassi. Vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyimhi buddhānaṃ cakkavattīnañca dharamānakāle
eva kira evaṃ vassati. Ghammapariḷāhavūpasamato utusappāyalābhena therassa
cittaṃ samāhitaṃ ahosi ekaggaṃ. So samāhitacitto tāvadeva vipassanaṃ
ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.10.56-60) –
‘‘Vipassissa bhagavato, ahosiṃ saṅkhadhammako;
Niccupaṭṭhānayuttomhi, sugatassa mahesino.
‘‘Upaṭṭhānaphalaṃ passa, lokanāthassa tādino;
Saṭṭhi tūriyasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, upaṭṭhahiṃ mahāisiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, upaṭṭhānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catuvīse ito kappe, mahānigghosanāmakā;
Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa
sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā katakiccatāya tuṭṭhamānaso udānaṃ udānento ‘‘dharaṇī
ca siñcati vāti māluto’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
50.
Tattha dharaṇīti
pathavī, sā hi sakalaṃ dharādharaṃ dhāretīti ‘‘dharaṇī’’ti vuccati. Siñcatīti
samantato nabhaṃ pūretvā abhippavassato mahāmeghassa vuṭṭhidhārāhi siñcati . Vāti
mālutoti udakaphusitasammissatāya sītalo vāto vāyati. Vijjutā
carati nabheti tattha tattha gajjatā gaḷagaḷāyatā mahāmeghato
niccharantiyo sateratā ākāse ito cito ca vicaranti. Upasamanti
vitakkāti utusappāyasiddhena samathavipassanādhigamena pubbabhāge
tadaṅgādivasena vūpasantā hutvā kāmavitakkādayo sabbepi nava mahāvitakkā
ariyamaggādhigamena upasamanti. Anavasesato samucchijjantīti.
Vattamānasamīpatāya ariyamaggakkhaṇaṃ vattamānaṃ katvā vadati. Atītatthe vā etaṃ
paccuppannavacanaṃ. Cittaṃ
susamāhitaṃ mamāti tato eva lokuttarasamādhinā mama cittaṃ suṭṭhu
samāhitaṃ, na dāni tassa samādhāne kiñci kātabbaṃ atthīti thero aññaṃ byākāsi.
Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Pañcamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Chaṭṭhavaggo
1. Godhikādicatuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Vassatidevotiādikā
catasso – godhiko, subāhu, valliyo, uttiyoti imesaṃ catunnaṃ therānaṃ gāthā. Kā
uppatti? Imepi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinantā
ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ
patvā aññamaññaṃ sahāyā hutvā vicariṃsu. Tesu eko siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ
piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ adāsi. Dutiyo pasannacitto hutvā
pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhi. Tatiyo pasannacitto ekena
pupphahatthena bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. Catuttho sumanapupphehi pūjamakāsi. Evaṃ te
satthari cittaṃ pasādetvā pasutena tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā puna
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā sahāyakā hutvā sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā
amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle pāvāyaṃ catunnaṃ mallarājānaṃ puttā hutvā nibbattiṃsu.
Tesaṃ godhiko,
subāhu, valliyo, uttiyoti nāmāni akaṃsu. Aññamaññaṃ piyasahāyā ahesuṃ. Te
kenacideva karaṇīyena kapilavatthuṃ agamaṃsu. Tasmiñca samaye satthā
kapilavatthuṃ gantvā nigrodhārāme vasanto yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā
suddhodanappamukhe sakyarājāno damesi. Tadā tepi cattāro mallarājaputtā
pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā laddhappasādā pabbajitvā vipassanākammaṃ karontā nacirasseva
saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.1-23) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Pavarā abhinikkhantaṃ, vanā nibbanamāgataṃ.
‘‘Kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ pādāsiṃ, siddhatthassa mahesino;
Paññāya upasantassa, mahāvīrassa tādino.
‘‘Padenānupadāyantaṃ, nibbāpente mahājanaṃ;
Uḷārā vitti me jātā, buddhe ādiccabandhune.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe,
yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bhikkhādānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, mahāreṇusanāmakā;
Sattaratanasampannā, sattete cakkavattino.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Godhiko thero.
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, nisabhājāniyaṃ yathā;
Tidhāpabhinnaṃ mātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃva mahesinaṃ.
‘‘Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, uḷurājaṃva pūritaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ apassahaṃ.
‘‘Ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādetvā, paggahetvāna añjaliṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, siddhatthamabhivādayiṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tesattatimhito kappe, soḷasāsuṃ naruttamā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Subāhutthero.
‘‘Tivarāyaṃ nivāsīhaṃ, ahosiṃ māliko tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, siddhatthaṃ lokapūjitaṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, pupphahatthamadāsahaṃ;
Yattha yatthupapajjāmi, tassa kammassa vāhasā.
‘‘Anubhomi phalaṃ iṭṭhaṃ, pubbe sukatamattano;
Parikkhitto sumallehi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutupādāya , ṭhapetvā vattamānakaṃ;
Pañcarājasatā tattha, najjasamasanāmakā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Valliyo thero.
‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato,
jātipupphamadāsahaṃ;
Pādesu satta pupphāni, hāsenokiritāni me.
‘‘Tena kammenahaṃ ajja, abhibhomi narāmare;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Samantagandhanāmāsuṃ, terasa cakkavattino;
Ito pañcamake kappe, cāturantā janādhipā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. (apa. thera 1.11.1-23);
Uttiyo thero.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ime cattāropi therā loke pākaṭā paññātā rājarājamahāmattehi
sakkatā garukatā hutvā araññe saheva
viharanti. Athekadā rājā bimbisāro te cattāro there rājagahaṃ upagate
upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā temāsaṃ vassāvāsatthāya nimantetvā tesaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ
kuṭikāyo kāretvā satisammosena na chādesi. Therā acchannāsu kuṭikāsu viharanti.
Vassakāle devo na vassati. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇaṃ devo na vassatī’’ti
cintento, taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā, tā kuṭikāyo chādāpetvā, mattikākammaṃ cittakammañca
kārāpetvā, kuṭikāmahaṃ karonto mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ adāsi. Therā rañño
anukampāya kuṭikāyo pavisitvā mettāsamāpattiyo samāpajjiṃsu.
Athuttarapācīnadisato mahāmegho uṭṭhahitvā therānaṃ
samāpattito vuṭṭhānakkhaṇeyeva vassituṃ ārabhi. Tesu godhikatthero samāpattito
vuṭṭhāya saha meghagajjitena –
51.
‘‘Vassati devo yathā sugītaṃ, channā me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā;
Cittaṃ susamāhitañca mayhaṃ, atha ce patthayasi pavassa devā’’ti. –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha vassatīti
siñcati vuṭṭhidhāraṃ pavecchati. Devoti
megho. Yathā sugītanti
sundaragītaṃ viya gajjantoti adhippāyo. Megho hi vassanakāle
satapaṭalasahassapaṭalo uṭṭhahitvā thanayanto vijjutā nicchārentova sobhati, na
kevalo. Tasmā siniddhamadhuragambhīranigghoso vassati devoti
dasseti. Tena saddato anupapīḷitaṃ āha ‘‘channā
me kuṭikā sukhā nivātā’’ti. Yathā na devo vassati, evaṃ tiṇādīhi chāditā
ayaṃ me kuṭikā, tena vuṭṭhivassena anupapīḷitaṃ āha. Paribhogasukhassa
utusappāyautusukhassa ca sabbhāvato sukhā. Phusitaggaḷapihitavātapānatāhi
vātaparissayarahitā. Ubhayenapi āvāsasappāyavasena anupapīḷitaṃ āha. Cittaṃ
susamāhitañca mayhanti cittañca mama suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ anuttarasamādhinā
nibbānārammaṇe suṭṭhu appitaṃ, etena
abbhantaraparissayābhāvato appossukkataṃ dasseti. Atha
ce patthayasīti atha idāni patthayasi ce, yadi icchasi. Pavassāti
siñca udakaṃ pagghara vuṭṭhidhāraṃ paveccha. Devāti
meghaṃ ālapati.
Godhikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Subāhuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā
52.
Itarehi vuttagāthāsu tatiyapade eva viseso. Tattha subāhunā vuttagāthāyaṃ cittaṃ
susamāhitañca kāyeti mama cittaṃ karajakāye kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena
suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ sammadeva appitaṃ. Ayañhi thero kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena
paṭiladdhajhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘cittaṃ susamāhitañca kāye’’ti.
Subāhuttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
53.
Valliyattheragāthāyaṃ tassaṃ
viharāmi appamattoti tassaṃ kuṭikāyaṃ appamādapaṭipattiyā matthakaṃ
pāpitattā appamatto ariyavihārūpasaṃhitena dibbavihārādisaṃhitena ca
iriyāpathavihārena viharāmi, attabhāvaṃ pavattemīti vuttaṃ hoti.
Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā
4. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
54.
Uttiyattherena vuttagāthāyaṃ adutiyoti
asahāyo, kilesasaṅgaṇikāya gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya ca virahitoti attho.
Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Catunnaṃ therānaṃ gāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Añjanavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Āsandiṃkuṭikaṃ
katvāti āyasmato añjanavaniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle sudassano nāma mālākāro hutvā sumanapupphehi
bhagavantaṃ pūjetvā aññampi tattha tattha bahuṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Atha
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ vajjirājakule nibbattitvā tassa vayappattakāle
vajjiraṭṭhe avuṭṭhibhayaṃ byādhibhayaṃ amanussabhayanti tīṇi bhayāni uppajjiṃsu .
Taṃ sabbaṃ ratanasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (khu. pā. aṭṭha. ratanasuttavaṇṇanā; su. ni.
aṭṭha. 1.ratanasuttavaṇṇanā) vuttanayena veditabbaṃ. Bhagavati pana vesāliṃ
paviṭṭhe bhayesu ca vūpasantesu satthu dhammadesanāya sambahulānaṃ
devamanussānaṃ dhammābhisamaye ca jāte ayaṃ rājakumāro buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Yathā cāyaṃ evaṃ anantaraṃ vuccamānā cattāropi janā.
Tepi hi imassa sahāyabhūtā licchavirājakumārā evaṃ imināva nīhārena pabbajiṃsu.
Kassapasambuddhakālepi sahāyā hutvā iminā saheva pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ
akaṃsu, padumuttarassapi bhagavato pādamūle kusalabījaropanādiṃ akaṃsūti.
Tatthāyaṃ katapubbakicco sākete añjanavane susānaṭṭhāne vasanto upakaṭṭhāya
vassūpanāyikāya manussehi chaḍḍitaṃ jiṇṇakaṃ āsandiṃ labhitvā taṃ catūsu
pāsāṇesu ṭhapetvā upari tiriyañca tiṇādīhi chādetvā dvāraṃ yojetvā vassaṃ
upagato. Paṭhamamāseyeva ghaṭento vāyamanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.24-28) –
‘‘Sudassanoti nāmena, mālākāro ahaṃ tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Jātipupphaṃ gahetvāna, pūjayiṃ
padumuttaraṃ;
Visuddhacakkhu sumano, dibbacakkhuṃ samajjhagaṃ.
‘‘Etissā pupphapūjāya, cittassa paṇidhīhi ca;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, devuttarasanāmakā;
Chattiṃsamhi ito kappe, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento samāpattito vuṭṭhāya
yathāladdhaṃ sampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītivegena udānento ‘‘āsandiṃ
kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi .
55.
Tattha āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ
katvāti āsandī nāma dīghapādakaṃ caturassapīṭhaṃ, āyataṃ caturassampi
atthiyeva, yattha nisīditumeva sakkā, na nipajjituṃ taṃ
āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā vāsatthāya heṭṭhā vuttanayena kuṭikaṃ katvā yathā tattha
nisinnassa utuparissayābhāvena sukhena samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ sakkā, evaṃ kuṭikaṃ
katvā. Etena paramukkaṃsagataṃ senāsane attano appicchataṃ santuṭṭhiñca dasseti.
Vuttampi cetaṃ dhammasenāpatinā –
‘‘Pallaṅkena nisinnassa, jaṇṇukenābhivassati;
Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 985; mi. pa. 6.1.1);
Apare ‘‘āsandikuṭika’’nti pāṭhaṃ vatvā ‘‘āsandippamāṇaṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti atthaṃ
vadanti. Aññe pana ‘‘āsananisajjādigate manusse uddissa mañcakassa upari
katakuṭikā āsandī nāma, taṃ āsandiṃ kuṭikaṃ katvā’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Oggayhāti
ogāhetvā anupavisitvā. Añjanaṃ
vananti evaṃnāmakaṃ vanaṃ, añjanavaṇṇapupphabhāvato hi añjanā vuccanti
valliyo, tabbahulatāya taṃ vanaṃ ‘‘añjanavana’’nti nāmaṃ labhi. Apare pana
‘‘añjanā nāma mahāgacchā’’ti vadanti, taṃ añjanavanaṃ oggayha āsandikaṃ kuṭikaṃ
katvā tisso vijjā
anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsananti viharatā mayāti vacanaseseneva
yojanā. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Añjanavaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Kuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kokuṭikāyanti
āyasmato kuṭivihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
ākāsena gacchantassa ‘‘udakadānaṃ dassāmī’’ti
sītalaṃ udakaṃ gahetvā pītisomanassajāto uddhammukho hutvā ukkhipi. Satthā tassa
ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ ākāse ṭhitova sampaṭicchi. So tena
anappakaṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. Sesaṃ añjanavaniyattherassa vatthumhi
vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā
katapubbakicco vipassanaṃ anuyuñjanto sāyaṃ khettasamīpena gacchanto deve
phusāyante khettapālakassa puññaṃ tiṇakuṭiṃ disvā pavisitvā tattha
tiṇasanthārake nisīdi . Nisinnamattova
utusappāyaṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.29-35) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase;
Ghatāsanaṃva jalitaṃ, ādittaṃva hutāsanaṃ.
‘‘Pāṇinā udakaṃ gayha, ākāse ukkhipiṃ ahaṃ;
Sampaṭicchi mahāvīro, buddho kāruṇiko isi.
‘‘Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, padumuttaranāmako;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Iminā dakadānena, pītiuppādanena ca;
Kappasatasahassampi, duggatiṃ nupapajjati.
‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;
Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.
‘‘Sahassarājanāmena, tayo te cakkavattino;
Pañcasaṭṭhikappasate, cāturantā janādhipā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha nisinne khettapālako āgantvā ‘‘ko
kuṭikāya’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘bhikkhu kuṭikāya’’ntiādimāha. Tayidaṃ
khettapālassa therassa ca vacanaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā –
56.
‘‘Ko kuṭikāyaṃ bhikkhu kuṭikāyaṃ, vītarāgo
susamāhitacitto;
Evaṃ jānāhi āvuso, amoghā te kuṭikā katā’’ti. –
Tathārūpena saṅgītiṃ āropitaṃ.
Tattha ko kuṭikāyanti,
‘‘imissaṃ kuṭikāyaṃ ko nisinno’’ti khettapālassa pucchāvacanaṃ. Tassa bhikkhu
kuṭikāyanti therassa paṭivacanadānaṃ. Atha naṃ attano
anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvato taṃ kuṭiparibhogaṃ anumodāpetvā uḷāraṃ
tameva puññaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ ‘‘vītarāgo’’tiādi
vuttaṃ. Tassattho – eko bhinnakileso bhikkhu te kuṭikāyaṃ nisinno,
tato eva so aggamaggena sabbaso samucchinnarāgatāya vītarāgo anuttarasamādhinā
nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā suṭṭhu samāhitacittatāya susamāhitacitto, imañca
atthaṃ, āvuso khettapāla,
yathāhaṃ vadāmi, evaṃ
jānāhi saddaha adhimuccassu. Amoghāte
kuṭikā katā tayā katā kuṭikā amoghā avañjhā saphalā
saudrayā, yasmā arahatā khīṇāsavena paribhuttā. Sace tvaṃ anumodasi, taṃ te
bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti.
Taṃ sutvā khettapālo ‘‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me kuṭikāyaṃ
ediso ayyo pavisitvā nisīdatī’’ti pasannacitto anumodanto aṭṭhāsi. Imaṃ pana
tesaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā sutvā anumodanañcassa ñatvā
tambhāviniṃ sampattiṃ vibhāvento khettapālaṃ imāhi gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
‘‘Vihāsi kuṭiyaṃ bhikkhu, santacitto anāsavo;
Tena kammavipākena, devindo tvaṃ bhavissasi.
‘‘Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissasi;
Catuttiṃsakkhattuṃ cakkavattī, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissasi;
Ratanakuṭi nāma paccekabuddho, vītarāgo bhavissasī’’ti.
Kuṭikāyaṃ laddhavisesattā pana therassa tato pabhuti kuṭivihārītveva
samaññā udapādi. Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthāpi ahosīti.
Kuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Dutiyakuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ayamāhupurāṇiyāti
āyasmato kuṭivihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
pasannamānaso pariḷāhakāle naḷavilīvehi viracitaṃ bījaniṃ adāsi. Taṃ satthā
anumodanagāthāya sampahaṃsesi. Sesaṃ yadettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ
añjanavaniyattheravatthumhi vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ayaṃ kira
vuttanayena pabbajitvā aññatarāya purāṇakuṭikāya viharanto samaṇadhammaṃ
acintetvā, ‘‘ayaṃ kuṭikā jiṇṇā, aññaṃ kuṭikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti navakammavasena
cittaṃ uppādesi. Tassa atthakāmā devatā saṃvegajananatthaṃ imaṃ uttānobhāsaṃ
gambhīratthaṃ ‘‘ayamāhu’’ti
gāthamāha.
57.
Tattha ayanti
āsannapaccakkhavacanaṃ. Āhūti
ahosīti attho. Gāthāsukhatthañhi dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Purāṇiyāti
purātanī addhagatā. Aññaṃ
patthayase navaṃ kuṭinti imissā kuṭiyā purāṇabhāvena jiṇṇatāya ito aññaṃ
idāni nibbattanīyatāya navaṃ kuṭiṃ patthayase patthesi āsīsasi. Sabbena sabbaṃ
pana āsaṃ kuṭiyā
virājaya purāṇiyaṃ viya navāyampi kuṭiyaṃ āsaṃ taṇhaṃ
apekkhaṃ virājehi, sabbaso tattha virattacitto hohi. Kasmā? Yasmā dukkhā
bhikkhu puna navā nāma kuṭi bhikkhu
puna idāni nibbattiyamānā dukkhāvahattā dukkhā, tasmā aññaṃ navaṃ dukkhaṃ
anuppādento yathānibbattāyaṃ purāṇiyaṃyeva kuṭiyaṃ ṭhatvā attanā katabbaṃ
karohīti. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – tvaṃ, bhikkhu, ‘‘ayaṃ purāṇī tiṇakuṭikā
jiṇṇā’’ti aññaṃ navaṃ tiṇakuṭikaṃ kātuṃ icchasi, na samaṇadhammaṃ, evaṃ icchanto
pana bhāvanāya ananuyuñjanena punabbhavābhinibbattiyā anativattanato āyatiṃ
attabhāvakuṭimpi patthento kātuṃ icchantoyeva nāma hoti. Sā pana navā tiṇakuṭi
viya karaṇadukkhena tato bhiyyopi jarāmaraṇasokaparidevādidukkhasaṃsaṭṭhatāya
dukkhā, tasmā tiṇakuṭiyaṃ viya attabhāvakuṭiyaṃ āsaṃ apekkhaṃ virājaya sabbaso
tattha virattacitto hohi, evaṃ te vaṭṭadukkhaṃ na bhavissatīti. Devatāya ca
vacanaṃ sutvā thero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ghaṭento vāyamanto
nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.36-46) –
‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa , lokajeṭṭhassa
tādino;
Tiṇatthare nisinnassa, upasantassa tādino.
‘‘Naḷamālaṃ gahetvāna, bandhitvā bījaniṃ ahaṃ;
Buddhassa upanāmesiṃ, dvipadindassa tādino.
‘‘Paṭiggahetvā sabbaññū, bījaniṃ lokanāyako;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.
‘‘Yathā me kāyo nibbāti, pariḷāho na vijjati;
Tatheva tividhaggīhi, cittaṃ tava vimuccatu.
‘‘Sabbe devā samāgacchuṃ, ye keci vananissitā;
Sossāma buddhavacanaṃ, hāsayantañca dāyakaṃ.
‘‘Nisinno bhagavā tattha, devasaṅghapurakkhato;
Dāyakaṃ sampahaṃsento, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Iminā bījanidānena, cittassa paṇidhīhi ca;
Subbato nāma nāmena, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Tena kammāvasesena, sukkamūlena codito;
Māluto nāma nāmena, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Iminā bījanidānena, sammānavipulena ca;
Kappasatasahassampi, duggatiṃ nupapajjati.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, subbatā aṭṭhatiṃsa te;
Ekūnatiṃsasahasse, aṭṭha mālutanāmakā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahatte pana patiṭṭhito ‘‘ayaṃ me arahattappattiyā aṅkusabhūtā’’ti tameva
gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Sāyeva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi. Kuṭiovādena
laddhavisesattā cassa kuṭivihārītveva
samaññā ahosīti.
Dutiyakuṭivihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Ramaṇīyakuṭikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ramaṇīyāme
kuṭikāti āyasmato ramaṇīyakuṭikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kusalabījaropanaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto
ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto buddhārahaṃ āsanaṃ bhagavato
adāsi. Pupphehi ca bhagavantaṃ pūjetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ
katvā pakkāmi. Sesaṃ añjanavaniyattherassa vatthumhi vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana
viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vajjiraṭṭhe
aññatarasmiṃ gāmakāvāse kuṭikāyaṃ viharati, sā hoti kuṭikā abhirūpā dassanīyā
pāsādikā suparikammakatabhittibhūmikā ārāmapokkharaṇirāmaṇeyyādisampannā
muttājālasadisavālikākiṇṇabhūmibhāgā therassa ca vattasampannatāya
susammaṭṭhaṅgaṇatādinā bhiyyosomattāya ramaṇīyatarā hutvā tiṭṭhati. So tattha
viharanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.47-52) –
‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamoggayha, appasaddaṃ nirākulaṃ;
Sīhāsanaṃ mayā dinnaṃ, atthadassissa tādino.
‘‘Mālāhatthaṃ gahetvāna, katvā ca naṃ padakkhiṇaṃ;
Satthāraṃ payirupāsitvā, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.
‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;
Sannibbāpemi attānaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā.
‘‘Aṭṭhārasakappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, sīhāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito sattakappasate, sannibbāpakakhattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha viharante kuṭikāya ramaṇīyabhāvato
vihārapekkhakā manussā tato tato āgantvā kuṭiṃ passanti .
Athekadivasaṃ katipayā dhuttajātikā itthiyo tattha gatā kuṭikāya ramaṇīyabhāvaṃ
disvā, ‘‘ettha vasanto ayaṃ samaṇo siyā amhehi ākaḍḍhanīyahadayo’’ti adhippāyena
– ‘‘ramaṇīyaṃ vo, bhante, vasanaṭṭhānaṃ. Mayampi ramaṇīyarūpā paṭhamayobbane
ṭhitā’’ti vatvā itthikuttādīni dassetuṃ ārabhiṃsu. Thero attano vītarāgabhāvaṃ
pakāsento ‘‘ramaṇīyā
me kuṭikā, saddhādeyyā manoramā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
58.
Tattha ramaṇīyā me
kuṭikāti ‘‘ramaṇīyā te, bhante, kuṭikā’’ti yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ
saccaṃ. Ayaṃ mama vasanakuṭikā ramaṇīyā manuññarūpā, sā ca kho saddhādeyyā, ‘‘evarūpāya manāpaṃ katvā
pabbajitānaṃ dinnāya idaṃ nāma phalaṃ hotī’’ti kammaphalāni saddahitvā saddhāya
dhammacchandena dātabbattā saddhādeyyā, na dhanena nibbattitā. Sayañca
tathādinnāni saddhādeyyāni passantānaṃ paribhuñjantānañca mano rametīti manoramā.
Saddhādeyyattā eva hi manoramā, saddhādīhi deyyadhammaṃ sakkaccaṃ
abhisaṅkharitvā denti, saddhādeyyañca paribhuñjantā sappurisā dāyakassa
avisaṃvādanatthampi payogāsayasampannā honti, na tumhehi cintitākārena
payogāsayavipannāti adhippāyo. Na
me attho kumārīhīti yasmā sabbaso kāmehi vinivattitamānaso ahaṃ, tasmā na
me attho kumārīhi. Kappiyakārakakammavasenapi hi mādisānaṃ itthīhi payojanaṃ
nāma natthi, pageva rāgavasena, tasmā na me attho kumārīhīti.
Kumāriggahaṇañcettha upalakkhaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Mādisassa nāma santike evaṃ
paṭipajjāhīti ayuttakārinīhi yāva aparaddhañca tumhehi samānajjhāsayānaṃ purato
ayaṃ kiriyā sobheyyāti dassento āha ‘‘yesaṃ
attho tahiṃ gacchatha nāriyo’’ti. Tattha yesanti
kāmesu avītarāgānaṃ. Atthoti
payojanaṃ. Tahinti
tattha tesaṃ santikaṃ. Nāriyoti
ālapanaṃ. Taṃ sutvā itthiyo maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā āgatamaggeneva gatā. Ettha
ca ‘‘na me attho kumārīhī’’ti kāmehi anatthikabhāvavacaneneva therena arahattaṃ
byākatanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Ramaṇīyakuṭikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Kosalavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saddhāyāhaṃpabbajitoti
āyasmato kosalavihārittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle kusalabījaṃ ropetvā taṃ taṃ puññaṃ akāsi. Sesaṃ
añjanavaniyattheravatthusadisameva. Ayaṃ pana
viseso – ayaṃ kira vuttanayena pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kosalaraṭṭhe
aññatarasmiṃ gāme ekaṃ upāsakakulaṃ nissāya araññe viharati, taṃ so upāsako
rukkhamūle vasantaṃ disvā kuṭikaṃ kāretvā adāsi. Thero kuṭikāyaṃ viharanto
āvāsasappāyena samādhānaṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.53-61) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasāmi paṇṇasanthare;
Ghāsesu gedhamāpanno, seyyasīlo cahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Khaṇantālukalambāni , biḷālitakkalāni ca;
Kolaṃ bhallātakaṃ billaṃ, āhatvā paṭiyāditaṃ.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.
‘‘Upāgataṃ mahānāgaṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Biḷāliṃ paggahetvāna, pattamhi okiriṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Paribhuñji mahāvīro, tosayanto mamaṃ tadā;
Paribhuñjitvāna sabbaññū, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.
‘‘Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, biḷāliṃ me adā tuvaṃ;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjasi.
‘‘Carimaṃ vattate mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Catupaññāsito kappe, sumekhaliya savhayo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā
vimuttisukhappaṭisaṃvedanena uppannapītivegena udānento ‘‘saddhāyāhaṃ
pabbajito’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
59.
Tattha saddhāyāti
bhagavato vesāliṃ upagamane ānubhāvaṃ disvā, ‘‘ekantaniyyānikaṃ idaṃ sāsanaṃ,
tasmā addhā imāya paṭipattiyā jarāmaraṇato muccissāmī’’ti uppannasaddhāvasena pabbajito pabbajjaṃ
upagato. Araññe me
kuṭikā katāti tassā pabbajjāya anurūpavasena araññe vasato me kuṭikā
katā, pabbajjānurūpaṃ āraññako hutvā vūpakaṭṭho viharāmīti dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘appamatto
ca ātāpī, sampajāno patissato’’ti. Araññavāsaladdhena kāyavivekena
jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjanto tattha satiyā avippavāsena appamatto, āraddhavīriyatāya ātāpī, pubbabhāgiyasatisampajaññapāripūriyā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattādhigamena paññāsativepullappattiyā accantameva sampajāno
patissato viharāmīti attho. Appamattabhāvādikittane cassa
idameva aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi kosalaraṭṭhe ciranivāsibhāvena pana kosalavihārīti
samaññā jātāti.
Kosalavihārittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Teme
ijjhiṃsu saṅkappāti āyasmato sīvalittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante
ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ lābhīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ
disvā ‘‘mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti dasabalaṃ nimantetvā
sattāhaṃ satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘bhagavā ahaṃ iminā
adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na patthemi, anāgate pana ekabuddhassa sāsane
ahampi tumhehi so etadagge ṭhapitabhikkhu viya lābhīnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti
patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anantarāyaṃ disvā – ‘‘ayaṃ te patthanā anāgate
gotamabuddhassa santike samijjhissatī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi. Sopi kulaputto
yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassībuddhakāle
bandhumatīnagarato avidūre ekasmiṃ gāmake paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tasmiṃ samaye
bandhumatīnagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ sākacchitvā dasabalassa dānaṃ denti. Te
ekadivasaṃ sabbeva ekato hutvā dānaṃ dentā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho amhākaṃ dānamukhe
natthī’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207) madhuñca guḷadadhiñca na addasaṃsu. Te ‘‘yato
kutoci āharissāmā’’ti janapadato nagarapavisanamagge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ. Tadā esa
kulaputto attano gāmato guḷadadhivārakaṃ gahetvā, ‘‘kiñcideva āharissāmī’’ti
nagaraṃ gacchanto, ‘‘mukhaṃ dhovitvā dhotahatthapādo pavisissāmī’’ti
phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento naṅgalasīsamattaṃ nimmakkhikaṃ daṇḍakamadhuṃ disvā
‘‘puññena me idaṃ uppanna’’nti gahetvā nagaraṃ pāvisi. Nāgarehi ṭhapitapuriso
taṃ disvā, ‘‘bho purisa, kassimaṃ āharasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Na kassaci, sāmi,
vikkiṇituṃ pana me idaṃ ābhata’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi,
bho, idaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ gahetvā etaṃ madhuñca guḷadadhiñca dehī’’ti. So cintesi –
‘‘idaṃ na bahumūlaṃ, ayañca ekappahāreneva bahuṃ deti, vīmaṃsituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti.
Tato naṃ ‘‘nāhaṃ ekena kahāpaṇena demī’’ti āha. ‘‘Yadi evaṃ dve gahetvā
dehī’’ti. ‘‘Dvīhipi na demī’’ti. Etenupāyena vaḍḍhetvā sahassaṃ pāpuṇi.
So cintesi – ‘‘ativaḍḍhituṃ na vaṭṭati, hotu tāva iminā kattabbakiccaṃ
pucchissāmī’’ti. Atha naṃ āha – ‘‘idaṃ na bahuṃ agghanakaṃ, tvañca bahuṃ desi,
kena kammena idaṃ gaṇhāsī’’ti. ‘‘Idha, bho, nagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ
paṭivirujjhitvā vipassīdasabalassa dānaṃ dentā idaṃ dvayaṃ dānamukhe apassantā
pariyesanti, sace idaṃ dvayaṃ na labhissanti, nāgarānaṃ parājayo bhavissati,
tasmā sahassaṃ katvā gaṇhāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panetaṃ nāgarānameva vaṭṭati, aññesaṃ
dātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti. ‘‘Yassa kassaci dātuṃ avāritameta’’nti. ‘‘Atthi pana koci
nāgarānaṃ dāne ekadivasaṃ sahassaṃ dātā’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, sammā’’ti. ‘‘Imesaṃ pana
dvinnaṃ sahassagghanakabhāvaṃ jānāsī’’ti?
‘‘Āma, jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi gaccha, nāgarānaṃ ācikkha ‘eko puriso imāni dve
mūlena na deti sahattheneva dātukāmo, tumhe imesaṃ dvinnaṃ kāraṇā nibbitakkā
hothā’ti, tvaṃ pana me imasmiṃ dānamukhe jeṭṭhakabhāvassa kāyasakkhī hohī’’ti.
So paribbayatthaṃ gahitamāsakena pañcakaṭukaṃ gahetvā cuṇṇaṃ
katvā dadhito kañjiyaṃ gahetvā tattha madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā pañcakaṭukacuṇṇena
yojetvā ekasmiṃ paduminipatte pakkhipitvā taṃ saṃvidahitvā ādāya dasabalassa
avidūraṭṭhāne nisīdi mahājanena āhariyamānassa sakkārassa avidūre attano
pattavāraṃ olokayamāno, so okāsaṃ ñatvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhagavā ayaṃ
uppannaduggatapaṇṇākāro, imaṃ me anukampaṃ paṭicca paṭiggaṇhathāti. Satthā tassa
anukampaṃ paṭicca catumahārājadattiyena selamayapattena taṃ paṭiggahetvā yathā
aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyā bhikkhusatasahassassa diyyamānaṃ na khīyati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. So
kulaputto niṭṭhitabhattakiccaṃ bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito āha –
‘‘diṭṭho me, bhagavā, ajja bandhumatīnagaravāsikehi tumhākaṃ sakkāro
āhariyamāno, ahampi imassa kammassa nissandena nibbattanibbattabhave
lābhaggayasaggappatto bhaveyya’’nti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207). Satthā, ‘‘evaṃ
hotu, kulaputtā’’ti vatvā tassa ca nagaravāsīnañca bhattānumodanaṃ katvā
pakkāmi.
Sopi kulaputto yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde suppavāsāya rājadhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
Paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya sāyaṃ pātañca paṇṇākārasatāni sakaṭenādāya
suppavāsāya upanīyanti. Atha naṃ puññavīmaṃsanatthaṃ hatthena bījapacchiṃ
phusāpenti. Ekekabījato salākasatampi salākasahassampi niggacchati.
Ekekakarīsakhette paṇṇāsampi saṭṭhipi sakaṭappamāṇāni uppajjanti. Koṭṭhe
pūraṇakālepi koṭṭhadvāraṃ hatthena phusāpenti. Rājadhītāya puññena gaṇhantānaṃ
gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati. Paripuṇṇabhattabhājanatopi ‘‘rājadhītāya
puñña’’nti vatvā yassa kassaci dentānaṃ yāva na ukkaḍḍhanti, na tāva bhattaṃ
khīyati, dārake kucchigateyeva sattavassāni
atikkamiṃsu.
Gabbhe pana paripakke sattāhaṃ mahādukkhaṃ
anubhosi. Sā sāmikaṃ āmantetvā, ‘‘pure maraṇā jīvamānāva dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti
satthu santikaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, imaṃ pavattiṃ satthu ārocetvā satthāraṃ
nimantehi, yañca satthā vadeti, taṃ sādhukaṃ upalakkhetvā āgantvā mayhaṃ
kathehī’’ti. So gantvā tassā sāsanaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Satthā, ‘‘sukhinī hotu
suppavāsā koliyadhītā arogā, arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti (udā. 18) āha. Rājā taṃ
sutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā attano gāmābhimukho pāyāsi. Tassa pure āgamanāyeva
suppavāsāya kucchito dhamakaraṇā udakaṃ viya
gabbho nikkhami, parivāretvā nisinnajano assumukhova hasituṃ āraddho
tuṭṭhapahaṭṭho mahājano rañño sāsanaṃ ārocetuṃ agamāsi.
Rājā tesaṃ āgamanaṃ disvāva, ‘‘dasabalena kathitakathā nipphannā bhavissati
maññe’’ti cintesi. So āgantvā satthu sāsanaṃ rājadhītāya ārocesi. Rājadhītā tayā
nimantitaṃ jīvitabhattameva maṅgalabhattaṃ bhavissati, gaccha sattāhaṃ dasabalaṃ
nimantehīti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ
pavattayiṃsu. Dārako sabbesaṃ ñātīnaṃ santattaṃ cittaṃ nibbāpento jātoti sīvalidārakotvevassa
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So sattavassāni gabbhe vasitattā jātakālato paṭṭhāya
sabbakammakkhamo ahosi. Dhammasenāpati sāriputto sattame divase tena saddhiṃ
kathāsallāpaṃ akāsi. Satthāpi dhammapade gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;
Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, anejo akathaṃkathī;
Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti. (dha. pa. 414);
Atha naṃ thero evamāha – ‘‘kiṃ pana tayā evarūpaṃ dukkharāsiṃ anubhavitvā
pabbajituṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Labhamāno pabbajeyyaṃ, bhante’’ti. Suppavāsā naṃ
dārakaṃ therena saddhiṃ kathentaṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ
nu kho me putto dhammasenāpatinā saddhiṃ kathetī’’ti theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi
– ‘‘mayhaṃ putto tumhehi saddhiṃ kiṃ katheti, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Attanā anubhūtaṃ
gabbhavāsadukkhaṃ kathetvā, ‘tumhehi anuññāto pabbajissāmī’ti vadatī’’ti.
‘‘Sādhu , bhante, pabbājetha na’’nti. Thero
taṃ vihāraṃ netvā tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā pabbājento ‘‘sīvali, na tuyhaṃ
aññena ovādena kammaṃ atthi, tayā satta vassāni anubhūtadukkhameva
paccavekkhāhī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, pabbājanameva tumhākaṃ bhāro, yaṃ pana mayā kātuṃ
sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmī’’ti. So pana paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā ohāraṇakkhaṇeyeva
sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, dutiyāya ohāraṇakkhaṇe sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya
anāgāmiphale sabbesaṃyeva pana kesānaṃ oropanañca arahattasacchikiriyā ca
apacchā apurimā ahosi. Tassa pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhusaṅghassa cattāro
paccayā yāvaticchakaṃ uppajjanti. Evaṃ ettha vatthu samuṭṭhitaṃ.
Aparabhāge satthā sāvatthiṃ agamāsi. Thero satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, ‘‘bhante,
mayhaṃ puññaṃ vīmaṃsissāmi, pañca me bhikkhusatāni dethā’’ti āha. ‘‘Gaṇha
sīvalī’’ti. So pañcasate bhikkhū gahetvā
himavantābhimukhaṃ gacchanto aṭavimaggaṃ gacchati, tassa paṭhamaṃ diṭṭhanigrodhe
adhivatthā devatā sattadivasāni dānaṃ adāsi. Iti so –
‘‘Nigrodhaṃ paṭhamaṃ passi, dutiyaṃ paṇḍavapabbataṃ;
Tatiyaṃ aciravatiyaṃ, catutthaṃ varasāgaraṃ.
‘‘Pañcamaṃ himavantaṃ so, chaṭṭhaṃ chaddantupāgami;
Sattamaṃ gandhamādanaṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ atha revata’’nti.
Sabbaṭṭhānesu satta satta divasāneva dānaṃ adaṃsu. Gandhamādanapabbate pana
nāgadattadevarājā nāma sattasu divasesu ekadivase khīrapiṇḍapātaṃ adāsi,
ekadivase sappipiṇḍapātaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅgho āha – ‘‘imassa devarañño neva dhenuyo
duyhamānā paññāyanti, na dadhinimmathanaṃ ,
kuto te devarāja idaṃ uppajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante kassapadasabalassa kāle
khīrasalākabhattadānassetaṃ phala’’nti devarājā āha. Aparabhāge satthā
khadiravaniyarevatassa paccuggamanaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ attano sāsane
lābhaggayasaggappattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.
Evaṃ lābhaggayasaggappattassa pana imassa therassa arahattappattiṃ ekacce
ācariyā evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘heṭṭhā vuttanayena dhammasenāpatinā ovāde dinne yaṃ mayā
kātuṃ sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmīti pabbajitvā vipassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ
divasaṃyeva aññataraṃ vivittaṃ kuṭikaṃ disvā taṃ pavisitvā mātukucchismiṃ satta
vassāni attanā anubhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ anussaritvā tadanusārena atītānāgate tassa
avekkhantassa ādittā viya tayo bhavā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā
vipassanāvīthiṃ otari, tāvadeva maggappaṭipāṭiyā sabbepi āsave khepento
arahattaṃ pāpuṇī’’ti. Ubhayathāpi therassa arahattappattiyeva pakāsitā. Thero
pana pabhinnapaṭisambhido chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.31-39) –
‘‘Varuṇo nāma nāmena, devarājā ahaṃ tadā;
Upaṭṭhahesiṃ sambuddhaṃ, sayoggabalavāhano.
‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;
Tūriyaṃ sabbamādāya, agamaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
‘‘Vāditena ca naccena, sammatāḷasamāhito;
Sammukhā viya sambuddhaṃ, upaṭṭhiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
‘‘Upaṭṭhahitvā taṃ bodhiṃ,
dharaṇīruhapādapaṃ;
Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Sakakammābhiraddhohaṃ, pasanno bodhimuttame;
Tena cittappasādena, nimmānaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā;
Manussesu ca devesu, vattamānaṃ bhavābhave.
‘‘Tividhaggī nibbutā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Subāhū nāma nāmena, catuttiṃsāsu khattiyā;
Sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā
vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedanena pītivegena udānento ‘‘te
me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
60.
Tattha te me ijjhiṃsu
saṅkappā, yadattho pāvisiṃ kuṭiṃ, vijjāvimuttiṃ paccesanti ye pubbe mayā
kāmasaṅkappādīnaṃ samucchedakarā nekkhammasaṅkappādayo abhipatthitāyeva ‘‘kadā
nu khvāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharissāmi, yadariyā etarahi upasampajja
viharantī’’ti, vimuttādhippāyasaññitā vimuttiṃ uddissa saṅkappā manorathā
abhiṇhaso appamattā yadattho yaṃpayojano yesaṃ nipphādanatthaṃ kuṭiṃ suññāgāraṃ
vipassituṃ pāvisiṃ tisso vijjā phalavimuttiñca paccesanto, gavesanto te me
ijjhiṃsu te sabbeva idāni mayhaṃ ijjhiṃsu samijjhiṃsu, nipphannakusalasaṅkappo
paripuṇṇamanoratho jātoti attho. Tesaṃ samiddhabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘mānānusayamujjaha’’nti
vuttaṃ. Yasmā mānānusayamujjahaṃ pajahiṃ samucchindiṃ, tasmā te me saṅkappā
ijjhiṃsūti yojanā. Mānānusaye hi pahīne appahīno nāma anusayo natthi,
arahattañca adhigatameva hotīti mānānusayappahānaṃ yathāvuttasaṅkappasamiddhiyā
kāraṇaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.
Sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Chaṭṭhavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Sattamavaggo
1. Vappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Passatipassoti
āyasmato vappattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ‘‘asuko ca asuko ca thero
satthu paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakā ahesu’’nti thomanaṃ sutvā bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi – ‘‘ahampi bhagavā anāgate tādisassa
sammāsambuddhassa paṭhamaṃ dhammapaṭiggāhakānaṃ aññataro bhaveyya’’nti, satthu santike
saraṇagamanañca pavedesi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devamanussesuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ vāseṭṭhassa nāma brāhmaṇassa
putto hutvā nibbatti, vappotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So asitena isinā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro sabbaññū bhavissatī’’ti byākato
koṇḍaññappamukhehi brāhmaṇaputtehi saddhiṃ gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā ‘‘tasmiṃ sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā amataṃ
pāpuṇissāmī’’ti uruvelāyaṃ viharantaṃ mahāsattaṃ chabbassāni padhānaṃ padahantaṃ
upaṭṭhahitvā oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbijjitvā isipatanaṃ gato.
Abhisambujjhitvā satthārā sattasattāhāni vītināmetvā isipatanaṃ gantvā
dhammacakke pavattite pāṭipadadivase sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhito pañcamiyaṃ
pakkhassa aññāsikoṇḍaññādīhi saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.20-30) –
‘‘Ubhinnaṃ devarājūnaṃ, saṅgāmo samupaṭṭhito;
Ahosi samupabyūḷho, mahāghoso avattatha.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, saṃvejesi mahājanaṃ.
‘‘Sabbe devā attamanā, nikkhittakavacāvudhā;
Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, ekaggāsiṃsu tāvade.
‘‘Mayhaṃ saṅkappamaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrayi;
Anukampako lokavidū, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ.
‘‘Paduṭṭhacitto manujo, ekapāṇaṃ viheṭhayaṃ;
Tena cittappadosena, apāyaṃ upapajjati.
‘‘Saṅgāmasīse nāgova, bahū pāṇe viheṭhayaṃ;
Nibbāpetha sakaṃ cittaṃ, mā haññittho punappunaṃ.
‘‘Dvinnampi yakkharājūnaṃ, senā sā vimhitā ahu;
Saraṇañca upāgacchuṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ sutādinaṃ.
‘‘Saññāpetvāna janataṃ, padamuddhari cakkhumā;
Pekkhamānova devehi, pakkāmi uttarāmukho.
‘‘Paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchiṃ, dvipadindassa
tādino;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Mahādundubhināmā ca, soḷasāsuṃ rathesabhā;
Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, rājāno cakkavattino.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā paṭiladdhasampattiṃ paccavekkhaṇamukhena satthu
guṇamahantataṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma satthāraṃ bāhulikādivādena
samudācarimha. Aho puthujjanabhāvo nāma andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo ariyabhāvoyeva
cakkhukaraṇo’’ti dassento ‘‘passati
passo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
61.
Tattha passati passoti
passati sammādiṭṭhiyā dhamme aviparītaṃ jānāti bujjhatīti passo, dassanasampanno
ariyo, so passantaṃ aviparītadassāviṃ
‘‘ayaṃ aviparītadassāvī’’ti passati paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato
jānāti. Na kevalaṃ passantameva, atha kho apassantañca passati,
yo paññācakkhuvirahito dhamme yathāsabhāvato na passati, tampi apassantaṃ
puthujjanaṃ ‘‘andho vatāyaṃ bhavaṃ acakkhuko’’ti attano paññācakkhunā passati. Apassanto
apassantaṃ, passantañca na passatīti apassanto paññācakkhurahito
andhabālo tādisaṃ andhabālaṃ ayaṃ dhammādhammaṃ yathāsabhāvato na passatīti
yathā apassantaṃ na passati na jānāti, evaṃ attano paññācakkhunā dhammādhammaṃ
yathāsabhāvato passantañca paṇḍitaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ evaṃvidho’’ti na passati na jānāti,
tasmā ahampi pubbe dassanarahito sakalaṃ ñeyyaṃ hatthāmalakaṃ viya passantaṃ
bhagavantaṃ apassantampi pūraṇādiṃ yathāsabhāvato na passiṃ, idāni pana
buddhānubhāvena sampanno ubhayepi yathāsabhāvato passāmīti sevitabbāsevitabbesu
attano aviparītapaṭipattiṃ dasseti.
Vappattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ekakāmayaṃ
araññeti āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
nāgapupphakesarehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde amaccakule nibbatti, vajjiputtotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā katapubbakicco kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vesāliyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ
vanasaṇḍe viharati. Tena ca samayena vesāliyaṃ ussavo ahosi. Tattha tattha
naccagītavāditaṃ pavattati, mahājano haṭṭhatuṭṭho ussavasampattiṃ paccanubhoti,
taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu ayoniso ummujjanto vivekaṃ vajjamāno kammaṭṭhānaṃ
vissajjetvā attano anabhiratiṃ pakāsento –
‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;
Etādisikāya rattiyā, ko su nāma amhehi pāpiyo’’ti. – gāthamāha;
Taṃ sutvā vanasaṇḍe adhivatthā devatā taṃ bhikkhuṃ anukampamānā ‘‘yadipi, tvaṃ
bhikkhu, araññavāsaṃ hīḷento vadasi, vivekakāmā pana viddasuno taṃ bahu
maññantiyevā’’ti imamatthaṃ dassentī –
‘‘Ekako tvaṃ araññe viharasi, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;
Tassa te bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ vatvā, ‘‘kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, bhikkhu, niyyānike sammāsambuddhassa sāsane
pabbajitvā aniyyānikaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkessasī’’ti santajjentī saṃvejesi .
Evaṃ so bhikkhu tāya devatāya saṃvejito kasābhihato viya bhadro assājānīyo
vipassanāvīthiṃ otaritvā nacirasseva
vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.11.62-66) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, sataraṃsiṃva bhāṇumaṃ;
Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, uḷurājaṃva pūritaṃ.
‘‘Purakkhataṃ sāvakehi, sāgareheva medaniṃ;
Nāgaṃ paggayha reṇūhi, vipassissābhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ reṇumabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Paṇṇatālīsito kappe, reṇu nāmāsi khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘ayaṃ me arahattappattiyā aṅkuso jāto’’ti attano devatāya
ca vuttanayaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā –
62.
‘‘Ekakā mayaṃ araññe viharāma, apaviddhaṃva vanasmiṃ dārukaṃ;
Tassa me bahukā pihayanti, nerayikā viya saggagāmina’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tassattho – anapekkhabhāvena vane chaḍḍitadārukkhaṇḍaṃ viya yadipi mayaṃ
ekakā ekākino asahāyā imasmiṃ araññe
viharāma, evaṃ viharato pana tassa
me bahukā pihayanti maṃ bahū atthakāmarūpā kulaputtā
abhipatthenti, ‘‘aho vatassa mayampi vajjiputtatthero viya gharabandhanaṃ pahāya
araññe vihareyyāmā’’ti. Yathā kiṃ? Nerayikā
viya saggagāminaṃ, yathā nāma nerayikā attano pāpakammena
niraye nibbattasattā saggagāmīnaṃ saggūpagāmīnaṃ pihayanti – ‘‘aho vata mayampi
nirayadukkhaṃ pahāya saggasukhaṃ paccanubhaveyyāmā’’ti evaṃsampadamidanti attho.
Ettha ca attani garubahuvacanappayogassa
icchitabbattā ‘‘ekakā mayaṃ viharāmā’’ti puna tassa atthassa ekattaṃ sandhāya
‘‘tassa me’’ti ekavacanappayogo kato. ‘‘Tassa me’’, ‘‘saggagāmina’’nti ca
ubhayampi ‘pihayantī’ti padaṃ apekkhitvā upayogatthe sampadānaniddeso daṭṭhabbo.
Taṃ abhipatthentīti ca tādise araññavāsādiguṇe abhipatthentā nāma hontīti katvā
vuttaṃ. Tassa meti
vā tassa mama santike guṇeti adhippāyo.
Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Pakkhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Cutāpatantīti
āyasmato pakkhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito ekanavute kappe yakkhasenāpati hutvā
vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso dibbavatthena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakkesu devadahanigame
sākiyarājakule nibbatti, ‘‘sammodakumāro’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Athassa daharakāle
vātarogena pādā na vahiṃsu. So katipayaṃ kālaṃ pīṭhasappī viya vicari. Tenassa pakkhoti
samaññā jātā. Pacchā arogakālepi tatheva naṃ sañjānanti, so bhagavato
ñātisamāgame pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Athekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisituṃ
gacchanto antarāmagge aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Tasmiñca samaye aññataro
kulalo maṃsapesiṃ ādāya ākāsena gacchati, taṃ bahū kulalā anupatitvā pātesuṃ.
Pātitaṃ maṃsapesiṃ eko kulalo aggahesi. Taṃ añño acchinditvā gaṇhi, taṃ disvā
thero ‘‘yathāyaṃ maṃsapesi, evaṃ kāmā nāma bahusādhāraṇā bahudukkhā
bahupāyāsā’’ti – kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ‘‘anicca’’ntiādinā manasikaronto piṇḍāya caritvā
katabhattakicco divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.1-10) –
‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassehi, pāvisi bandhumaṃ tadā.
‘‘Nagarā abhinikkhamma, agamaṃ dīpacetiyaṃ;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ.
‘‘Cullāsītisahassāni, yakkhā mayhaṃ upantike;
Upaṭṭhahanti sakkaccaṃ, indaṃva tidasā gaṇā.
‘‘Bhavanā abhinikkhamma, dussaṃ paggayhahaṃ tadā;
Sirasā abhivādesiṃ, tañcādāsiṃ mahesino.
‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;
Buddhassa ānubhāvena, vasudhāyaṃ pakampatha.
‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Buddhe cittaṃ pasādemi, dvipadindamhi tādine.
‘‘Sohaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, dussaṃ datvāna
satthuno;
Saraṇañca upāgacchiṃ, sāmacco saparijjano.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito pannarase kappe, soḷasāsuṃ suvāhanā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā yadeva saṃvegavatthuṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
aññā adhigatā, tassa saṃkittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘cutā
patantī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
63.
Tattha cutāti
bhaṭṭhā. Patantīti
anupatanti. Patitāti cavanavasena
bhūmiyaṃ patitā, ākāse vā sampatanavasena patitā. Giddhāti
gedhaṃ āpannā . Punarāgatāti
punadeva upagatā. Ca-saddo
sabbattha yojetabbo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – patanti anupatanti ca idha kulalā,
itarassa mukhato cutā ca maṃsapesi, cutā pana sā bhūmiyaṃ patitā ca, giddhā
gedhaṃ āpannā sabbeva kulalā punarāgatā. Yathā cime kulalā, evaṃ saṃsāre
paribbhamantā sattā ye kusaladhammato cutā, te patanti nirayādīsu, evaṃ patitā
ca, sampattibhave ṭhitā tattha kāmasukhānuyogavasena kāmabhave rūpārūpabhavesu
ca bhavanikantivasena giddhā ca punarāgatā bhavato aparimuttattā tena tena
bhavagāminā kammena taṃ taṃ bhavasaññitaṃ dukkhaṃ āgatā eva, evaṃbhūtā ime
sattā. Mayā pana kataṃ
kiccaṃ pariññādibhedaṃ soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ kataṃ, na dāni
taṃ kātabbaṃ atthi. Rataṃ
rammaṃ ramitabbaṃ ariyehi sabbasaṅkhatavinissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ
rataṃ abhirataṃ rammaṃ. Tena ca sukhenanvāgataṃ
sukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhena anuāgataṃ upagataṃ
accantasukhaṃ nibbānaṃ, sukhena vā sukhāpaṭipadābhūtena vipassanāsukhena
maggasukhena ca anvāgataṃ phalasukhaṃ nibbānasukhañcāti attho veditabbo.
Pakkhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Vimalakoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Dumavhayāya uppannoti
vimalakoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa
bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso catūhi suvaṇṇapupphehi pūjesi. Bhagavā tassa
pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāresi, yathā
suvaṇṇābhā sakalaṃ taṃ padesaṃ ottharati. Taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya
pasannamānaso hutvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā taṃ
nimittaṃ gahetvā attano gehaṃ gantvā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto kenaci
rogena kālaṃ katvā tusitesu upapanno aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājānaṃ bimbisāraṃ
paṭicca ambapāliyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Rājā hi bimbisāro taruṇakāle
ambapāliyā rūpasampattiṃ sutvā sañjātābhilāso katipayamanussaparivāro
aññātakavesena vesāliṃ gantvā ekarattiṃ tāya saṃvāsaṃ kappesi. Tadā ayaṃ tassā
kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Sā ca gabbhassa patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ tassa ārocesi.
Rājāpi attānaṃ jānāpetvā dātabbayuttakaṃ datvā pakkāmi. Sā gabbhassa
paripākamanvāya puttaṃ vijāyi, ‘‘vimalo’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi, pacchā vimalakoṇḍaññoti
paññāyittha. So vayappatto bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.40-48) –
‘‘Vipassī nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Nisinno janakāyassa, desesi amataṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, dvipadinnassa tādino;
Soṇṇapupphāni cattāri, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Suvaṇṇacchadanaṃ āsi, yāvatā parisā tadā;
Buddhābhā ca suvaṇṇābhā, āloko vipulo ahu.
‘‘Udaggacitto sumano, vedajāto katañjalī;
Vittisañjanano tesaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho.
‘‘Āyācitvāna sambuddhaṃ, vanditvāna ca subbataṃ;
Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, sakaṃ bhavanupāgamiṃ.
‘‘Bhavane upaviṭṭhohaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ;
Tena cittappasādena, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, nemisammatanāmakā;
Tetālīse ito kappe, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ
byākaronto ‘‘dumavhayāyā’’ti
gāthaṃ abhāsi.
64.
Tattha dumavhayāyāti
dumena ambena avhātabbāya, ambapāliyāti attho. Ādhāre cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Uppannoti
tassā kucchiyaṃ uppanno uppajjamāno ca. Jāto
paṇḍaraketunāti dhavalavatthadhajattā ‘‘paṇḍaraketū’’ti paññātena
bimbisāraraññā hetubhūtena jāto, taṃ paṭicca nibbattoti attho. Uppannoti
vā paṭhamābhinibbattidassanaṃ. Tato hi jātoti
abhijātidassanaṃ. Vijāyanakālato paṭṭhāya hi loke jātavohāro. Ettha ca
‘‘dumavhayāya uppanno’’ti iminā attukkaṃsanabhāvaṃ apaneti, anekapatiputtānampi
visesādhigamasambhavañca dīpeti. ‘‘Jāto paṇḍaraketunā’’ti iminā viññātapitikadassanena
paravambhanaṃ apaneti. Ketuhāti
mānappahāyī. Māno hi uṇṇatilakkhaṇattā ketu viyāti ketu. Tathā hi so
‘‘ketukamyatāpaccupaṭṭhāno’’ti vuccati. Ketunāyevāti
paññāya eva. Paññā hi anavajjadhammesu accuggataṭṭhena mārasenappamaddanena
pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ariyānaṃ dhajā nāma. Tenāha ‘‘dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo’’ti
(saṃ. ni. 2.241; a. ni. 4.48; jā. 2.21.494). Mahāketuṃ
padhaṃsayīti mahāvisayatāya mahantā, seyyamānajātimānādibhedato bahavo ca
mānappakārā, itare ca kilesadhammā samussitaṭṭhena ketu etassāti mahāketu māro
pāpimā. Taṃ balavidhamanavisayātikkamanavasena abhibhavi nibbisevanaṃ akāsīti.
‘‘Mahāketuṃ padhaṃsayī’’ti attānaṃ paraṃ viya dassento aññāpadesena arahattaṃ
byākāsi.
Vimalakoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Ukkhepakatavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ukkhepakatavacchassāti
āyasmato ukkhepakatavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito
catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ
patto satthāraṃ uddissa māḷaṃ karontassa
pūgassa ekatthambhaṃ alabhantassa thambhaṃ datvā sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, vacchotissa
gottato āgatanāmaṃ. So satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
kosalaraṭṭhe gāmakāvāse vasanto āgatāgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammaṃ
pariyāpuṇāti. ‘‘Ayaṃ vinayo idaṃ suttantaṃ
ayaṃ abhidhammo’’ti pana paricchedaṃ na jānāti. Athekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ
dhammasenāpatiṃ pucchitvā yathāparicchedaṃ sabbaṃ sallakkhesi. Dhammasaṅgītiyā
pubbepi piṭakādisamaññā pariyattisaddhamme vavatthitā eva, yato bhikkhūnaṃ
vinayadharādivohāro. So tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhanto paripucchanto tattha
vutte rūpārūpadhamme sallakkhetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā sammasanto nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.2.13-26) –
‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, mahāpūgagaṇo ahu;
Saraṇaṃ gatā ca te buddhaṃ, saddahanti tathāgataṃ.
‘‘Sabbe saṅgamma mantetvā, māḷaṃ kubbanti satthuno;
Ekatthambhaṃ alabhantā, vicinanti brahāvane.
‘‘Tehaṃ araññe disvāna, upagamma gaṇaṃ tadā;
Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, paṭipucchiṃ gaṇaṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, sīlavanto upāsakā;
Māḷaṃ mayaṃ kattukāmā, ekatthambho na labbhati.
‘‘Ekatthambhaṃ mamaṃ detha, ahaṃ dassāmi satthuno;
Āharissāmahaṃ thambhaṃ, appossukkā bhavantu te.
‘‘Te me thambhaṃ pavecchiṃsu, pasannā tuṭṭhamānasā;
Tato paṭinivattitvā, agamaṃsu sakaṃ gharaṃ.
‘‘Aciraṃ gate pūgagaṇe, thambhaṃ ahāsahaṃ tadā;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, paṭhamaṃ ussapesahaṃ.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, vimānaṃ upapajjahaṃ;
Ubbiddhaṃ bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.
‘‘Vajjamānāsu bherīsu, paricāremahaṃ sadā;
Pañcapaññāsakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ yasodharo.
‘‘Tatthāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ;
Kūṭāgāravarūpetaṃ, ekatthambhaṃ manoramaṃ.
‘‘Ekavīsatikappamhi , udeno nāma khattiyo;
Tatrāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Anubhomi sukhaṃ sabbaṃ, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ thambhamadadaṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ekatthambhassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā katakiccattā akilāsubhāve ṭhito attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ
gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ anukampaṃ upādāya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vīmaṃsitvā
dhammaṃ desesi. Desento ca ekadivasaṃ attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā dassento –
65.
‘‘Ukkhepakatavacchassa, saṅkalitaṃ bahūhi vassehi;
Taṃ bhāsati gahaṭṭhānaṃ, sunisinno uḷārapāmojjo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ukkhepakatavacchassāti
kataukkhepavacchassa, bhikkhuno santike visuṃ visuṃ uggahitaṃ vinayapadesaṃ
suttapadesaṃ abhidhammapadesañca yathāparicchedaṃ vinayasuttābhidhammānaṃyeva
upari khipitvā sajjhāyanavasena tattha tattheva pakkhipitvā ṭhitavacchenāti
attho karaṇatthe hi idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Saṅkalitaṃ
bahūhi vassehīti bahukehi saṃvaccharehi sampiṇḍanavasena hadaye ṭhapitaṃ.
‘‘Saṅkhalita’’ntipi pāṭho, saṅkhalitaṃ viya kataṃ ekābaddhavasena vācuggataṃ kataṃ.
Yaṃ buddhavacananti vacanaseso. Tanti
taṃ pariyattidhammaṃ bhāsati katheti. Gahaṭṭhānanti
tesaṃ yebhuyyatāya vuttaṃ. Sunisinnoti
tasmiṃ dhamme sammā niccalo nisinno, lābhasakkārādiṃ apaccāsīsanto kevalaṃ
vimuttāyatanasīseyeva ṭhatvā kathetīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘uḷārapāmojjo’’ti
phalasamāpattisukhavasena dhammadesanāvaseneva ca uppannauḷārapāmojjoti.
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Yathā yathāvuso bhikkhu, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ
deseti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ,
labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojja’’ntiādi (dī. ni. 3.355).
Ukkhepakatavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Meghiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Anusāsimahāvīroti
āyasmato meghiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave kusalabījāni ropento ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmiñca samaye vipassī
bhagavā buddhakiccassa pariyosānamāgamma āyusaṅkhāraṃ ossajji. Tena
pathavīkampādīsu uppannesu mahājano bhītatasito ahosi. Atha naṃ vessavaṇo
mahārājā tamatthaṃ vibhāvetvā samassāsesi. Taṃ sutvā mahājano saṃvegappatto
ahosi. Tatthāyaṃ kulaputto buddhānubhāvaṃ sutvā satthari sañjātagāravabahumāno
uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbatti, tassa meghiyoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu santike pabbajitvā bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahanto
bhagavati jālikāyaṃ viharante kimikālāya nadiyā tīre ramaṇīyaṃ ambavanaṃ disvā tattha
viharitukāmo dve vāre bhagavatā vāretvā
tatiyavāraṃ vissajjito tattha gantvā micchāvitakkamakkhikāhi khajjamāno
cittasamādhiṃ alabhitvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Athassa
bhagavā ‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya
saṃvattantī’’tiādinā (udā. 31) ovādaṃ adāsi. So tasmiṃ ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.57-65) –
‘‘Yadā vipassī lokaggo, āyusaṅkhāramossaji;
Pathavī sampakampittha, medanī jalamekhalā.
‘‘Otataṃ vitataṃ mayhaṃ, suvicittavaṭaṃsakaṃ;
Bhavanampi pakampittha, buddhassa āyusaṅkhaye.
‘‘Tāso mayhaṃ samuppanno, bhavane sampakampite;
Uppādo nu kimatthāya, āloko vipulo ahu.
‘‘Vessavaṇo idhāgamma, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ;
Pāṇabhūte bhayaṃ natthi, ekaggā hotha saṃvutā.
‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu sampadā;
Yasmiṃ uppajjamānamhi, pathavī sampakampati.
‘‘Buddhānubhāvaṃ kittetvā, kappaṃ saggamhi modahaṃ;
Avasesesu kappesu, kusalaṃ caritaṃ mayā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito cuddasakappamhi, rājā āsiṃ patāpavā;
Samito nāma nāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu sammukhā ovādaṃ labhitvā ‘‘mayā arahattaṃ
adhigata’’nti aññaṃ byākaronto –
66.
‘‘Anusāsi mahāvīro, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, vihāsiṃ santike sato;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha anusāsīti
‘‘aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya
saṃvattantī’’tiādinā ovadi anusiṭṭhiṃ adāsi. Mahāvīroti
mahāvikkanto, vīriyapāramipāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānena
anaññasādhāraṇacatubbidhasammappadhānasampattiyā ca mahāvīriyoti attho. Sabbadhammāna
pāragūti sabbesañca ñeyyadhammānaṃ pāraṃ pariyantaṃ ñāṇagamanena gato
adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū, sabbaññūti attho. Sabbesaṃ vā saṅkhatadhammānaṃ
pārabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ sayambhūñāṇena gato adhigatoti sabbadhammāna pāragū. Tassāhaṃ
dhammaṃ sutvānāti tassa buddhassa bhagavato sāmukkaṃsikaṃ taṃ
catusaccadhammaṃ suṇitvā. Vihāsiṃ
santiketi ambavane micchāvitakkehi upadduto cālikā vihāraṃ gantvā satthu
samīpeyeva vihāsiṃ. Satoti
satimā, samathavipassanābhāvanāya appamattoti attho. Ahanti
idaṃ yathā ‘‘anusāsī’’ti ettha ‘‘ma’’nti evaṃ ‘‘vijjā anuppattā,
kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti ettha ‘‘mayā’’ti pariṇāmetabbaṃ. ‘‘Kataṃ
buddhassa sāsana’’nti ca iminā yathāvuttaṃ vijjāttayānuppattimeva satthu
ovādapaṭikaraṇabhāvadassanena pariyāyantarena pakāseti.
Sīlakkhandhādiparipūraṇameva hi satthu sāsanakāritā.
Meghiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Ekadhammasavanīyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kilesājhāpitā
mayhanti āyasmato ekadhammasavanīyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatto katipaye bhikkhū maggamūḷhe mahāraññe
vicarante disvā anukampamāno attano bhavanato otaritvā te samassāsetvā bhojetvā
yathādhippetaṭṭhānaṃ pāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
kassape bhagavati loke uppajjitvā katabuddhakicce parinibbute tasmiṃ kāle
bārāṇasirājā kikī nāma ahosi. Tasmiṃ kālaṅkate tassa puthuvindarājā nāma putto
āsi. Tassa putto susāmo nāma. Tassa putto kikībrahmadatto nāma hutvā rajjaṃ
kārento sāsane antarahite dhammassavanaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘yo dhammaṃ deseti, tassa
sahassaṃ dammī’’ti ghosāpetvā ekampi dhammakathikaṃ alabhanto, ‘‘mayhaṃ
pitupitāmahādīnaṃ kāle dhammo saṃvattati, dhammakathikā sulabhā ahesuṃ. Idāni
pana catuppadikagāthāmattampi kathento dullabho. Yāva dhammasaññā na vinassati,
tāvadeva pabbajissāmī’’ti rajjaṃ pahāya himavantaṃ uddissa gacchantaṃ sakko
devarājā āgantvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti gāthāya dhammaṃ kathetvā nivattesi.
So nivattitvā bahuṃ puññaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
setabyanagare seṭṭhikule nibbattitvā vayappatto bhagavati setabyanagare
siṃsapāvane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Tassa satthā ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā, ‘‘aniccā vata saṅkhārā’’ti imāya gāthāya
dhammaṃ desesi. Tassa tattha katādhikāratāya so aniccasaññāya pākaṭataraṃ hutvā
upaṭṭhitāya paṭiladdhasaṃvego pabbajitvā dhammasammasanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
dukkhasaññaṃ anattasaññañca manasikaronto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.66-71) –
‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, sāvakā vanacārino;
Vippanaṭṭhā brahāraññe, andhāva anusuyyare.
‘‘Anussaritvā sambuddhaṃ, padumuttaranāyakaṃ;
Tassa te munino puttā, vippanaṭṭhā mahāvane.
‘‘Bhavanā oruhitvāna, agamiṃ bhikkhusantikaṃ;
Tesaṃ maggañca ācikkhiṃ, bhojanañca adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;
Jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Sacakkhū nāma nāmena, dvādasa cakkavattino;
Sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Tassa ekeneva dhammassavanena
nipphannakiccattā ekadhammasavanīyotveva
samaññā ahosi. So arahā hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
67.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha kilesāti
yasmiṃ santāne uppannā, taṃ kilesenti vibādhenti upatāpenti vāti kilesā,
rāgādayo. Jhāpitāti
indagginā viya rukkhagacchādayo ariyamaggañāṇagginā samūlaṃ daḍḍhā. Mayhanti
mayā, mama santāne vā. Bhavā
sabbe samūhatāti kāmakammabhavādayo sabbe bhavā samugghāṭitā kilesānaṃ
jhāpitattā. Sati hi kilesavaṭṭe kammavaṭṭena bhavitabbaṃ. Kammabhavānaṃ
samūhatattā eva ca upapattibhavāpi samūhatā eva anuppattidhammatāya āpāditattā. Vikkhīṇo
jātisaṃsāroti jātiādiko –
‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;
Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. –
Vuttalakkhaṇo saṃsāro visesato khīṇo, tasmā natthi
dāni punabbhavo. Yasmā āyatiṃ punabbhavo natthi, tasmā vikkhīṇo
jātisaṃsāro. Tasmā ca punabbhavo natthi, yasmā bhavā sabbe samūhatāti āvattetvā
vattabbaṃ. Atha vā vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, tato eva natthi dāni punabbhavoti
yojetabbaṃ.
Ekadhammasavanīyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Ekudāniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Adhicetasoappamajjatoti
āyasmato ekudāniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato
kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto satthari parinibbute, ‘‘alābhā vata me,
dulladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ satthudharamānakāle dānādipuññaṃ kātuṃ nālattha’’nti
paridevasokamāpanno ahosi. Atha naṃ sāgaro nāma satthu sāvako sokaṃ vinodetvā
satthu thūpapūjāyaṃ niyojesi. So pañca vassāni thūpaṃ pūjetvā
tato cuto tena puññena devamanussesu eva saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kālena kālaṃ satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkami.
Tasmiñca samaye satthā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti
gāthāya sāvake abhiṇhaṃ ovadi. So taṃ sutvā saddhājāto pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca
pana tameva gāthaṃ punappunaṃ parivatteti. So tattha vīsativassasahassāni
samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ñāṇassa aparipakkattā visesaṃ nibbattetu nāsakkhi. Tato
pana cuto devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatto
viññutaṃ patvā jetavanapaṭiggahaṇasamaye buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe viharanto satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Tasmiñca
samaye satthā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ attano avidūre adhicittamanuyuttaṃ disvā ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti
imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Taṃ sutvā ayaṃ cirakālaṃ
bhāvanāya araññe viharantopi kālena kālaṃ tameva gāthaṃ udāneti, tenassa ekudāniyoti
samaññā udapādi. So athekadivasaṃ cittekaggataṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.72-81) –
‘‘Atthadassimhi sugate, nibbute samanantarā;
Yakkhayoniṃ upapajjiṃ, yasaṃ patto cahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Dulladdhaṃ vata me āsi, duppabhātaṃ
duruṭṭhitaṃ;
Yaṃ me bhoge vijjamāne, parinibbāyi cakkhumā.
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, sāgaro nāma sāvako;
Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.
‘‘Kiṃ nu socasi mā bhāyi, cara dhammaṃ sumedhasa;
Anuppadinnā buddhena, sabbesaṃ bījasampadā.
‘‘Yo ce pūreyya sambuddhaṃ, tiṭṭhantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Dhātuṃ sāsapamattampi, nibbutassāpi pūjaye.
‘‘Same cittappasādamhi, samaṃ puññaṃ mahaggataṃ;
Tasmā thūpaṃ karitvāna, pūjehi jinadhātuyo.
‘‘Sāgarassa vaco sutvā, buddhathūpaṃ akāsahaṃ;
Pañcavasse paricariṃ, munino thūpamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena dvipadinda, lokajeṭṭha narāsabha;
Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Bhūripaññā ca cattāro, sattakappasate ito;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ekadivasaṃ āyasmatā
dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭibhānaṃ vīmaṃsituṃ, ‘‘āvuso, mayhaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇāhī’’ti
ajjhiṭṭho cirakālaparicitattā –
68.
‘‘Adhicetaso appamajjato, munino monapathesu sikkhato;
Sokā na bhavanti tādino, upasantassa sadā satīmato’’ti. (udā. 37) –
Imameva gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha adhicetasoti
adhicittavato, sabbacittānaṃ adhikena arahattaphalacittena samannāgatassāti
attho. Appamajjatoti
nappamajjato, appamādena anavajjadhammesu sātaccakiriyāya samannāgatassāti
vuttaṃ hoti. Muninoti
‘‘yo munāti ubho loke, muni tena pavuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 269; mahāni. 149;
cūḷani. mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa 21) evaṃ ubhayalokamunanena vā, monaṃ vuccati
ñāṇaṃ, tena arahattaphalapaññāsaṅkhātena monena samannāgatatāya vā khīṇāsavo
muni nāma, tassa munino. Monapathesu
sikkhatoti arahattañāṇasaṅkhātassa monassa pathesu upāyamaggesu
sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammesu, tīsu vā sikkhāsu sikkhato. Idañca
pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Pariniṭṭhitasikkho hi arahā, tasmā evaṃ
sikkhato, imāya sikkhāya munibhāvaṃ pattassa muninoti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
Yasmā cetadevaṃ tasmā heṭṭhimamaggaphalacittānaṃ vasena adhicetaso,
catusaccasambodhipaṭipattiyaṃ appamādavasena appamajjato,
aggamaggañāṇasamannāgamena muninoti evametesaṃ padānaṃ attho yujjatiyeva. Atha
vā ‘‘appamajjato sikkhato’’ padhānahetū akkhātāti daṭṭhabbā. Tasmā
appamajjanahetu sikkhanahetu ca adhicetasoti attho.
Sokā na bhavanti tādinoti
tādisassa khīṇāsavamunino abbhantare iṭṭhaviyogādivatthukā sokā cittasantāpā na
honti. Atha vā tādilakkhaṇappattassa asekkhamunino sokā na bhavantīti. Upasantassāti
rāgādīnaṃ accantūpasamena upasantassa. Sadā
satīmatoti sativepullappattiyā niccakālaṃ satiyā avirahitassa.
Ettha ca ‘‘adhicetaso’’ti iminā
adhicittasikkhā, ‘‘appamajjato’’ti iminā adhisīlasikkhā, ‘‘munino monapathesu
sikkhato’’ti etehi adhipaññāsikkhā. ‘‘Munino’’ti vā etena adhipaññāsikkhā,
‘‘monapathesu sikkhato’’ti etena tāsaṃ lokuttarasikkhānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadā,
‘‘sokā na bhavantī’’tiādīhi sikkhāpāripūriyā ānisaṃsā pakāsitāti veditabbaṃ
ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi.
Ekudāniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Channattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sutvānadhammaṃ
mahato mahārasanti āyasmato channattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
ekadivasaṃ siddhatthaṃ bhagavantaṃ aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagacchantaṃ disvā
pasannacitto mudusamphassaṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ santharitvā adāsi. Pupphehi ca samantato
okiritvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā punapi
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle
suddhodanamahārājassa gehe dāsiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, channotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi, bodhisattena sahajāto. So satthu ñātisamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā bhagavati pemena, ‘‘amhākaṃ buddho, amhākaṃ dhammo’’ti mamattaṃ
uppādetvā sinehaṃ chindituṃ asakkonto samaṇadhammaṃ akatvā satthari parinibbute
satthārā āṇattavidhinā katena brahmadaṇḍena santajjito saṃvegappatto hutvā
sinehaṃ chinditvā vipassanto nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.10.45-50) –
‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;
Samantā upahārañca, kusumaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Pāsādevaṃ guṇaṃ rammaṃ, anubhomi mahārahaṃ;
Mahagghāni ca pupphāni, sayanebhisavanti me.
‘‘Sayanehaṃ tuvaṭṭāmi, vicitte pupphasanthate;
Pupphavuṭṭhi ca sayane, abhivassati tāvade.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, adāsiṃ paṇṇasantharaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, santharassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tiṇasantharakā nāma, sattete cakkavattino;
Ito te pañcame kappe, uppajjiṃsu janādhipā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhasantappito
pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento –
69.
‘‘Sutvāna dhammaṃ mahato mahārasaṃ,
Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena desitaṃ;
Maggaṃ papajjiṃ amatassa pattiyā,
So yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sutvānāti
suṇitvā, sotena gahetvā ohitasoto sotadvārānusārena upadhāretvā. Dhammanti
catusaccadhammaṃ. Mahatoti
bhagavato. Bhagavā hi mahantehi uḷāratamehi sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatattā,
sadevakena lokena visesato mahanīyatāya ca ‘‘mahā’’ti vuccati, yā tassa mahāsamaṇoti
samaññā jātā. Nissakkavacanañcetaṃ ‘‘mahato dhammaṃ sutvānā’’ti. Mahārasanti
vimuttirasassa dāyakattā uḷārarasaṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇavarena
desitanti sabbaṃ jānātīti sabbaññū, tassa bhāvo sabbaññutā. Ñāṇameva
varaṃ, ñāṇesu vā varanti ñāṇavaraṃ, sabbaññutā ñāṇavaraṃ etassāti
sabbaññutaññāṇavaro, bhagavā. Tena sabbaññutaññāṇasaṅkhātaaggañāṇena vā
karaṇabhūtena desitaṃ kathitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvānāti yojanā.
Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ paramatthadīpaniyaṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena
veditabbaṃ. Magganti
aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ ariyamaggaṃ. Papajjinti
paṭipajjiṃ. Amatassa
pattiyāti nibbānassa adhigamāya upāyabhūtaṃ paṭipajjinti yojanā. Soti
so bhagavā. Yogakkhemassa
pathassa kovidoti catūhi yogehi anupaddutassa nibbānassa yo patho, tassa
kovido tattha sukusalo. Ayañhettha attho – bhagavato catusaccadesanaṃ sutvā
amatādhigamūpāyamaggaṃ ahaṃ paṭipajjiṃ paṭipajjanamaggaṃ mayā kataṃ, so eva pana
bhagavā sabbathā yogakkhemassa pathassa kovido, parasantāne vā paramanesu
kusalo, yassa saṃvidhānamāgamma ahampi maggaṃ paṭipajjinti. Ayameva ca therassa
aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.
Channattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sīlamevāti āyasmato
puṇṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha
bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe buddhasuññe loke
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā kāmesu
ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantappadese
paṇṇakuṭiṃ katvā vāsaṃ kappesi. Tassa vasanaṭṭhānassa avidūre ekasmiṃ pabbhāre
paccekabuddho ābādhiko hutvā parinibbāyi, tassa parinibbānasamaye mahā āloko
ahosi. Taṃ disvā so, ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho ayaṃ āloko uppanno’’ti vīmaṃsanavasena ito
cito ca āhiṇḍanto pabbhāre paccekasambuddhaṃ
parinibbutaṃ disvā gandhadārūni saṃkaḍḍhitvā sarīraṃ jhāpetvā gandhodakena
upasiñci. Tattheko devaputto antalikkhe ṭhatvā evamāha – ‘‘sādhu, sādhu,
sappurisa, bahuṃ tayā puññaṃ pasavantena pūritaṃ sugatisaṃvattaniyaṃ kammaṃ tena
tvaṃ sugatīsuyeva uppajjissasi, ‘puṇṇo’ti ca te nāmaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sunāparantajanapade
suppārakapaṭṭane gahapatikule nibbatti, puṇṇotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vāṇijjavasena mahatā satthena saddhiṃ sāvatthiṃ gato.
Tena ca samayena bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha so sāvatthivāsīhi upāsakehi
saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
vattapaṭivattehi ācariyupajjhāye ārādhento vihāsi. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘sādhu maṃ, bhante bhagavā, saṃkhittena ovādena ovadatu, yamahaṃ
sutvā sunāparantajanapade vihareyya’’nti āha. Tassa bhagavā, ‘‘santi kho, puṇṇa,
cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 3.395; saṃ. ni. 4.88) ovādaṃ datvā
sīhanādaṃ nadāpetvā vissajjesi. So bhagavantaṃ vanditvā sunāparantajanapadaṃ
gantvā suppārakapaṭṭane viharanto samathavipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tisso vijjā
sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.41.29-44) –
‘‘Pabbhārakūṭaṃ nissāya, sayambhū aparājito;
Ābādhiko ca so buddho, vasati pabbatantare.
‘‘Mama assamasāmantā, panādo āsi tāvade;
Buddhe nibbāyamānamhi, āloko udapajjatha.
‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍasmiṃ, acchakokataracchakā;
Vāḷā ca kesarī sabbe, abhigajjiṃsu tāvade.
‘‘Uppātaṃ tamahaṃ disvā, pabbhāraṃ
agamāsahaṃ;
Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.
‘‘Suphullaṃ sālarājaṃva, sataraṃsiṃva uggataṃ;
Vītaccikaṃva aṅgāraṃ, nibbutaṃ aparājitaṃ.
‘‘Tiṇaṃ kaṭṭhañca pūretvā, citakaṃ tatthakāsahaṃ;
Citakaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sarīraṃ jhāpayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Sarīraṃ jhāpayitvāna, gandhatoyaṃ samokiriṃ;
Antalikkhe ṭhito yakkho, nāmamaggahi tāvade.
‘‘Yaṃ pūritaṃ tayā kiccaṃ, sayambhussa mahesino;
Puṇṇako nāma nāmena, sadā hohi tuvaṃ mune.
‘‘Tamhā kāyā cavitvāna, devalokaṃ agacchahaṃ;
Tattha dibbamayo gandho, antalikkhā pavassati.
‘‘Tatrāpi nāmadheyyaṃ me, puṇṇakoti ahū tadā;
Devabhūto manusso vā, saṅkappaṃ pūrayāmahaṃ.
‘‘Idaṃ pacchimakaṃ mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
Idhāpi puṇṇako nāma, nāmadheyyaṃ pakāsati.
‘‘Tosayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tanukiccassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero bahū manusse
sāsane abhippasādesi. Yato pañcasatamattā purisā upāsakattaṃ pañcasatamattā ca
itthiyo upāsikābhāvaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. So tattha rattacandanena candanamāḷaṃ nāma
gandhakuṭiṃ kārāpetvā, ‘‘satthā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ māḷaṃ
paṭicchatū’’ti bhagavantaṃ pupphadūtena nimantesi .
Bhagavā ca iddhānubhāvena tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ tattha gantvā candanamāḷaṃ
paṭiggahetvā aruṇe anuṭṭhiteyeva paccāgamāsi. Thero aparabhāge parinibbānasamaye
aññaṃ byākaronto –
70.
‘‘Sīlameva idha aggaṃ, paññavā pana uttamo;
Manussesu ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sīlanti
sīlanaṭṭhena sīlaṃ, patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena samādhānaṭṭhena cāti attho. Sīlañhi
sabbaguṇānaṃ patiṭṭhā, tenāha – ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti (saṃ. ni.
1.23; peṭako. 22; visuddhi. 1.1). Samādahati ca taṃ kāyavācāavippakiṇṇaṃ
karotīti attho. Tayidaṃ sīlameva aggaṃ sabbaguṇānaṃ
mūlabhāvato pamukhabhāvato ca. Yathāha – ‘‘tasmātiha, tvaṃ bhikkhu, ādimeva
visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sīlañca suvisuddha’’nti
(saṃ. ni. 5.369), ‘‘pātimokkhanti mukhametaṃ pamukhameta’’nti (mahāva. 135) ca
ādi. Idhāti
nipātamattaṃ. Paññavāti
ñāṇasampanno. So uttamo seṭṭho
pavaroti puggalādhiṭṭhānāya gāthāya paññāyayeva seṭṭhabhāvaṃ dasseti. Paññuttarā
hi kusalā dhammā. Idāni taṃ sīlapaññānaṃ aggaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ kāraṇato dasseti ‘‘manussesu
ca devesu, sīlapaññāṇato jaya’’nti ca. Sīlapaññāṇahetu paṭipakkhajayo
kāmakilesajayo hotīti attho.
Puṇṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Sattamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Aṭṭhamavaggo
1. Vacchapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Susukhumanipuṇatthadassināti āyasmato
vacchapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni ācinanto devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito ekanavute kappe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā aggiṃ paricaranto
ekadivasaṃ mahatiyā kaṃsapātiyā pāyāsaṃ ādāya dakkhiṇeyyaṃ
pariyesanto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāse caṅkamantaṃ disvā
acchariyabbhutacittajāto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā dātukāmataṃ dassesi.
Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto
hutvā nibbatti, vacchapālotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So bimbisārasamāgame uruvelakassapattherena iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ
dassetvā satthu paramanipaccakāre kate taṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
sattāhapabbajito eva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.26-34) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;
Pavanā abhinikkhanto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato.
‘‘Mahaccā kaṃsapātiyā, vaḍḍhetvā pāyasaṃ ahaṃ;
Āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmo so, upanesiṃ baliṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Caṅkamaṃ susamārūḷho, ambare anilāyane.
‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Ṭhapayitvā kaṃsapātiṃ, vipassiṃ abhivādayiṃ.
‘‘Tuvaṃ devosi sabbaññū, sadeve sahamānuse;
Anukampaṃ upādāya, paṭiggaṇha mahāmuni.
‘‘Paṭiggahesi bhagavā,
sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke mahāmuni.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pāyāsassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekatālīsito kappe, buddho nāmāsi khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā sukheneva attanā nibbānassa adhigatabhāvaṃ vibhāvento –
71.
‘‘Susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā, matikusalena nivātavuttinā;
Saṃsevitavuddhasīlinā, nibbānaṃ na hi tena dullabha’’nti. –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha susukhumanipuṇatthadassināti
ativiya duddasaṭṭhena sukhume, saṇhaṭṭhena nipuṇe saccapaṭiccasamuppādādiatthe
aniccatādiṃ oropetvā passatīti susukhumanipuṇatthadassī, tena. Matikusalenāti
matiyā paññāya kusalena chekena, ‘‘evaṃ pavattamānassa paññā vaḍḍhati, evaṃ na
vaḍḍhatī’’ti dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgapaññāya uppādane kusalena. Nivātavuttināti
sabrahmacārīsu nivātanīcavattanasīlena, vuḍḍhesu navesu ca
yathānurūpapaṭipattinā. Saṃsevitavuddhasīlināti
saṃsevitaṃ āciṇṇaṃ vuddhasīlaṃ saṃsevitavuddhasīlaṃ, taṃ yassa atthi, tena
saṃsevitavuddhasīlinā. Atha vā saṃsevitā upāsitā vuddhasīlino etenāti saṃsevitavuddhasīlī, tena . Hītisaddo
hetuattho. Yasmā yo nivātavutti saṃsevitavuddhasīlī matikusalo
susukhumanipuṇatthadassī ca, tasmā nibbānaṃ na tassa dullabhanti attho.
Nivātavuttitāya hi saṃsevitavuddhasīlitāya ca paṇḍitā taṃ ovaditabbaṃ
anusāsitabbaṃ maññanti, tesañca ovāde ṭhito sayaṃ matikusalatāya
susukhumanipuṇatthadassitāya ca vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva nibbānaṃ
adhigacchatīti, ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.
Vacchapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Ātumattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathākaḷīro
susu vaḍḍhitaggoti āyasmato ātumattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ ācinanto
ito ekanavute kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ
antaravīthiyaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso gandhodakena gandhacuṇṇena ca
pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi, ñāṇassa
pana aparipakkattā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Atha imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, ātumotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa vayappattassa mātā ‘‘puttassa me bhariyaṃ ānessāmā’’ti
ñātakehi sammantesi. So taṃ upadhāretvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ
gharāvāsena, idāneva pabbajissāmī’’ti bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā pabbaji.
Pabbajitampi naṃ mātā uppabbājetukāmā nānānayehi palobheti. So tassā avasaraṃ
adatvā attano ajjhāsayaṃ pakāsento –
72.
‘‘Yathā kaḷīro susu vaḍḍhitaggo, dunnikkhamo hoti pasākhajāto;
Evaṃ ahaṃ bhariyāyānītāya, anumañña maṃ pabbajitomhi dānī’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha kaḷīroti
aṅkuro, idha pana vaṃsaṅkuro adhippeto. Susūti
taruṇo. Vaḍḍhitaggoti
pavaḍḍhitasākho. Susuvaḍḍhitaggoti
vā suṭṭhu vaḍḍhitasākho sañjātapattasākho. Dunnikkhamoti
veḷugumbato nikkhāmetuṃ nīharituṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Pasākhajātoti
jātapasākho, sākhānampi pabbe pabbe uppannaanusākho. Evaṃ
ahaṃ bhariyāyānītāyāti yathā vaṃso vaḍḍhitaggo vaṃsantaresu saṃsaṭṭha
sākhāpasākho veḷugumbato dunnīharaṇīyo hoti, evaṃ ahampi bhariyāya mayhaṃ
ānītāya puttadhītādivasena vaḍḍhitaggo āsattivasena gharāvāsato dunnīharaṇīyo
bhaveyyaṃ. Yathā pana vaṃsakaḷīro asañjātasākhabandho veḷugumbato sunīharaṇīyova
hoti, evaṃ ahampi asañjātaputtadārādibandho sunīharaṇīyo homi, tasmā anānītāya
eva bhariyāya anumañña
maṃ attanāva maṃ anujānāpetvā. Pabbajitomhi
dānīti, ‘‘idāni pana pabbajito amhi, sādhu suṭṭhū’’ti attano
nekkhammābhiratiṃ pakāsesi, atha vā ‘‘anumañña maṃ pabbajitomhi dānī’’ti mātu
katheti. Ayañhettha attho – yadipi tāya pubbe nānumataṃ, idāni pana pabbajito
amhi, tasmā anumañña anujānāhi maṃ samaṇabhāveyeva ṭhātuṃ, nāhaṃ tayā
nivattanīyoti . Evaṃ pana kathento
yathāṭhitova vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā kilese khepetvā chaḷabhiñño
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.35-40) –
‘‘Nisajja pāsādavare, vipassiṃ addasaṃ jinaṃ;
Kakudhaṃ vilasantaṃva, sabbaññuṃ tamanāsakaṃ.
‘‘Pāsādassāvidūre ca, gacchati lokanāyako;
Pabhā niddhāvate tassa, yathā ca sataraṃsino.
‘‘Gandhodakañca paggayha, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ samokiriṃ;
Tena cittappasādena, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ gandhodakamākiriṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, sugandho nāma khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā mātaraṃ āpucchitvā
tassā pekkhantiyāyeva ākāsena pakkāmi. So arahattappattiyā uttarikālampi
antarantarā tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Tattha ‘‘pabbajitomhī’’ti imināpadesena ayampi therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosi attano
santāne rāgādimalassa pabbājitabhāvadīpanato. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘pabbājayamattano malaṃ, tasmā ‘pabbajito’ti vuccatī’’ti (dha. pa. 388).
Ātumattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Māṇavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Jiṇṇañca disvā dukhitañca byādhitanti
āyasmato māṇavattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā lakkhaṇadharo hutvā vipassissa bhagavato abhijātiyā
lakkhaṇāni pariggahetvā pubbanimittāni sāvetvā, ‘‘ekaṃsena ayaṃ buddho
bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā nānānayehi thometvā
abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālassa gehe nibbattitvā
yāva sattavassāni, tāva antoghareyeva vaḍḍhitvā sattame saṃvacchare
upanayanatthaṃ uyyānaṃ nīto antarāmagge jiṇṇāturamate disvā tesaṃ
adiṭṭhapubbattā te parijane pucchitvā jarārogamaraṇasabhāvaṃ sutvā
sañjātasaṃvego tato anivattanto vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā
mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.41-64) –
‘‘Jāyamāne vipassimhi, nimittaṃ byākariṃ ahaṃ;
Nibbāpayiñca janataṃ, buddho loke bhavissati.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, dasasahassi kampati;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, āloko vipulo ahu;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, saritāyo na sandayuṃ;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, avīcaggi na pajjali;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, pakkhisaṅgho na sañcari;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, vātakkhandho na vāyati;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, sabbaratanāni jotayuṃ;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yasmiñca jāyamānasmiṃ, sattāsuṃ padavikkamā;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Jātamatto ca sambuddho, disā sabbā vilokayi;
Vācāsabhimudīresi, esā buddhāna dhammatā.
‘‘Saṃvejayitvā janataṃ, thavitvā lokanāyakaṃ;
Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ pācināmukho.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhithomayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thomanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito navutikappamhi, sammukhāthavikavhayo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Pathavīdundubhi nāma, ekūnanavutimhito;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Aṭṭhāsītimhito kappe, obhāso nāma khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, saritacchedanavhayo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Agginibbāpano nāma, kappānaṃ chaḷasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Gatipacchedano nāma, kappānaṃ pañcasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Rājā vātasamo nāma, kappānaṃ cullasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Ratanapajjalo nāma, kappānaṃ teasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Padavikkamano nāma, kappānaṃ dveasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Rājā vilokano nāma, kappānaṃ ekasītiyā;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Girasāroti nāmena, kappesītimhi khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Adhigatārahatto pana bhikkhūhi, ‘‘kena, tvaṃ āvuso, saṃvegena atidaharova samāno
pabbajito’’ti pucchito attano pabbajjānimittakittanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –
73.
‘‘Jiṇṇañca disvā dukhitañca byādhitaṃ,
matañca disvā gatamāyusaṅkhayaṃ;
Tato ahaṃ nikkhamitūna pabbajiṃ, pahāya kāmāni manoramānī’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha jiṇṇanti
jarāya abhibhūtaṃ, khaṇḍiccapāliccavalittacatādīhi samaṅgībhūtaṃ. Dukhitanti
dukkhappattaṃ. Byādhitanti
gilānaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘byādhita’’nti vuttepi dukkhappattabhāvo siddho,
‘‘dukhita’’nti vacanaṃ tassa bāḷhagilānabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ. Matanti
kālaṅkataṃ, yasmā kālaṅkato āyuno khayaṃ vayaṃ bhedaṃ gato nāma hoti, tasmā
vuttaṃ ‘‘gatamāyusaṅkhaya’’nti.
Tasmā jiṇṇabyādhimatānaṃ diṭṭhattā, ‘‘ime jarādayo nāma na imesaṃyeva, atha kho
sabbasādhāraṇā, tasmā ahampi jarādike anativatto’’ti saṃviggattā. Nikkhamitūnāti
nikkhamitvā, ayameva vā pāṭho. Pabbajjādhippāyena gharato niggantvā. Pabbajinti
satthu sāsane pabbajaṃ upagato. Pahāya
kāmāni manoramānīti iṭṭhakantādibhāvato avītarāgānaṃ mano ramentīti
manorame vatthukāme pajahitvā, tappaṭibaddhassa chandarāgassa ariyamaggena
samucchindanena nirapekkhabhāvena chaḍḍetvāti attho. Kāmānaṃ
pahānakittanamukhena cetaṃ therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi. Māṇavakāle
pabbajitattā imassa therassa māṇavotveva
samaññā jātāti.
Māṇavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Suyāmanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kāmacchando ca byāpādoti
āyasmato suyāmanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato
kāle dhaññavatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto
brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ patvā brāhmaṇamante vāceti. Tena ca samayena vipassī
bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ dhaññavatīnagaraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti.
Taṃ disvā brāhmaṇo pasannacitto attano gehaṃ netvā āsanaṃ paññāpetvā tassūpari
pupphasanthāraṃ santharitvā adāsi, satthari tattha nisinne paṇītena āhārena
santappesi, bhuttāviñca pupphagandhena pūjesi. Satthā anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi.
So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, suyāmanotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū paramanissamayutto hutvā
gehavāsīnaṃ kāmūpabhogaṃ jigucchitvā jhānaninno bhagavato vesāligamane
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.65-74) –
‘‘Nagare dhaññavatiyā, ahosiṃ brāhmaṇo tadā;
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sanighaṇḍusakeṭubhe.
‘‘Padako veyyākaraṇo, nimittakovido ahaṃ;
Mante ca sisse vācesiṃ, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū.
‘‘Pañca uppalahatthāni, piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhapitāni me;
Āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmohaṃ, pitumātusamāgame.
‘‘Tadā vipassī bhagavā, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;
Obhāsento disā sabbā, āgacchati narāsabho.
‘‘Āsanaṃ paññapetvāna, nimantetvā mahāmuniṃ;
Santharitvāna taṃ pupphaṃ, abhinesiṃ sakaṃ gharaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ me atthi sake gehe, āmisaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ;
Tāhaṃ buddhassa pādāsiṃ, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Bhuttāviṃ kālamaññāya pupphahatthamadāsahaṃ;
Anumoditvāna sabbaññū, pakkāmi uttarāmukho.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Anantaraṃ ito kappe, rājāhuṃ varadassano;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā nīvaraṇappahānakittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –
74.
‘‘Kāmacchando ca byāpādo, thinamiddhañca
bhikkhuno;
Uddhaccaṃ vicikicchā ca, sabbasova na vijjatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha kāmacchandoti
kāmesu chando, kāmo ca so chando cātipi kāmacchando, kāmarāgo. Idha pana sabbopi
rāgo kāmacchando aggamaggavajjhassāpi adhippetattā, tenāha ‘‘sabbasova
na vijjatī’’ti. Sabbepi hi tebhūmakadhammā kāmanīyaṭṭhena kāmā, tattha
pavatto rāgo kāmacchando, tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘āruppe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca
thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ avijjānīvaraṇaṃ uppajjatī’’ti (paṭṭhā.
3.8.8) byāpajjati cittaṃ pūtibhāvaṃ gacchati
etenāti byāpādo, ‘‘anatthaṃ
me acarī’’tiādinayappavatto (dha. sa. 1066; vibha. 909) āghāto. Thinaṃ cittassa
akalyatā anussāhasaṃhananaṃ, middhaṃ kāyassa akalyatā asattivighāto,
tadubhayampi thinañca middhañca thinamiddhaṃ, kiccāhārapaṭipakkhānaṃ
ekatāya ekaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. Uddhatabhāvo uddhaccaṃ, yena
dhammena cittaṃ uddhataṃ hoti avūpasantaṃ, so cetaso vikkhepo uddhaccaṃ.
Uddhaccaggahaṇeneva cettha kiccāhārapaṭipakkhānaṃ samānatāya kukkuccampi
gahitamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃ pacchānutāpalakkhaṇaṃ. Yo hi
katākatakusalākusalūpanissayo vippaṭisāro, taṃ kukkuccaṃ. Vicikicchāti,
‘‘evaṃ nu kho na nu kho’’ti saṃsayaṃ āpajjati, dhammasabhāvaṃ vā vicinanto
kicchati kilamati etāyāti vicikicchā, buddhādivatthuko saṃsayo. Sabbasoti
anavasesato. Na
vijjatīti natthi, maggena samucchinnattā na upalabbhati. Idañca
padadvayaṃ paccekaṃ yojetabbaṃ ayañhettha yojanā – yassa bhikkhuno tena tena
ariyamaggena samucchinnattā kāmacchando ca byāpādo ca thinamiddhañca
uddhaccakukkuccañca vicikicchā ca sabbasova na vijjati, tassa na kiñci
karaṇīyaṃ, katassa vā paticayoti aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaroti. Pañcasu hi
nīvaraṇesu maggena samucchinnesu tadekaṭṭhatāya sabbepi kilesā samucchinnāyeva
honti. Tenāha – ‘‘sabbete bhagavanto pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese’’ti
(dī. ni. 2.146).
Suyāmanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Susāradattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sādhusuvihitāna
dassananti āyasmato susāradattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vijjāpadesu nipphattiṃ
gantvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ
pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantappadese araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā
vihāsi. Atha naṃ anuggaṇhanto padumuttaro bhagavā bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ upasaṅkami.
So dūratova disvā pasannamānaso paccuggantvā pattaṃ gahetvā madhurāni phalāni
pakkhipitvā adāsi. Bhagavā taṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde dhammasenāpatino
ñātibrāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mandapaññattā susāradoti
gahitanāmo aparabhāge dhammasenāpatissa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.75-83) –
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Himavantassāvidūre, vasāmi assame ahaṃ.
‘‘Aggihuttañca me atthi, puṇḍarīkaphalāni ca;
Puṭake nikkhipitvāna, dumagge laggitaṃ mayā.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mamuddharitukāmo so, bhikkhanto mamupāgami.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, phalaṃ buddhassadāsahaṃ;
Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho.
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.
‘‘Iminā phaladānena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjasi.
‘‘Teneva sukkamūlena, anubhotvāna sampadā;
Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.
‘‘Ito sattasate kappe, rājā āsiṃ sumaṅgalo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā sappurisūpanissayānisaṃsakittanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –
75.
‘‘Sādhu suvihitāna dassanaṃ, kaṅkhā chijjati buddhi vaḍḍhati;
Bālampi karonti paṇḍitaṃ, tasmā sādhu sataṃ samāgamo’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha sādhūti
sundaraṃ, bhaddakanti attho. Suvihitāna
dassananti suvihitānaṃ dassanaṃ. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ anusvāralopo kato.
Sīlādiguṇehi susaṃvihitattabhāvānaṃ parānuddayāya suṭṭhu vihitadhammadesanānaṃ
ariyānaṃ dassanaṃ sādhūti yojanā. ‘‘Dassana’’nti nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ
savanādīnampi bahukārattā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Ye te bhikkhū sīlasampannā samādhisampannā
paññāsampannā vimuttisampannā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannā ovādakā viññāpakā
sandassakā samādapakā samuttejakā sampahaṃsakā alaṃsamakkhātāro saddhammassa,
dassanampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi, savanaṃ…pe…
upasaṅkamanaṃ…pe… payirupāsanaṃ…pe… anussaraṇaṃ…pe… anupabbajjampāhaṃ,
bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmī’’ti (itivu.
104).
Dassanamūlakattā vā itaresaṃ dassanamevettha vuttaṃ, kaṅkhā
chijjatītiādi tattha kāraṇavacanaṃ. Tādisānañhi kalyāṇamittānaṃ dassane
sati viññujātiko atthakāmo kulaputto te upasaṅkamati payirupāsati ‘‘kiṃ, bhante,
kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusala’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.296) pañhaṃ pucchati. Te cassa
anekavihitesu kaṅkhāṭṭhānīyesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘kaṅkhā
chijjatī’’ti. Yasmā ca te dhammadesanāya tesaṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodetvā pubbabhāge
kammapathasammādiṭṭhiṃ vipassanāsammādiṭṭhiñca uppādenti, tasmā tesaṃ buddhi
vaḍḍhati. Yadā pana te vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saccāni paṭivijjhanti, tadā
soḷasavatthukā aṭṭhavatthukā ca vicikicchā chijjati samucchijjati, nippariyāyena
paññā buddhi vaḍḍhati. Bālyasamatikkamanato te paṇḍitā honti. So tehi buddhiṃ
vaḍḍheti, bālampi
karonti paṇḍitanti. Tasmātiādi
nigamanaṃ, yasmā sādhūnaṃ dassanaṃ vuttanayena kaṅkhā chijjati buddhi vaḍḍhati,
te bālaṃ paṇḍitaṃ karonti, tasmā tena kāraṇena sādhu sundaraṃ sataṃ sappurisānaṃ
ariyānaṃ samāgamo, tehi
samodhānaṃ sammā vaḍḍhananti attho.
Susāradattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Piyañjahattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Uppatantesu nipateti
āyasmato piyañjahattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe
vipassissa bhagavato kāle himavante rukkhadevatā hutvā pabbatantare vasanto
devatāsamāgamesu appānubhāvatāya parisapariyante ṭhatvā dhammaṃ sutvā satthari
paṭiladdhasaddho ekadivasaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ gaṅgāyaṃ pulinappadesaṃ disvā
satthu guṇe anussari – ‘‘itopi suvisuddhā satthu guṇā anantā aparimeyyā cā’’ti,
evaṃ so satthu guṇe ārabbha cittaṃ pasādetvā tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ
licchavirājakule nibbattitvā vayappatto yuddhasoṇḍo aparājitasaṅgāmo amittānaṃ
piyahānikaraṇena piyañjahoti
paññāyittha. So satthu vesāligamane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā araññe vasamāno
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.84-90) –
‘‘Pabbate himavantamhi, vasāmi pabbatantare;
Pulinaṃ sobhanaṃ disvā, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ.
‘‘Ñāṇe upanidhā natthi, saṅkhāraṃ natthi
satthuno;
Sabbadhammaṃ abhiññāya, ñāṇena adhimuccati.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Ñāṇena te samo natthi, yāvatā ñāṇamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādetvā, kappaṃ saggamhi modahaṃ;
Avasesesu kappesu, kusalaṃ caritaṃ mayā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito sattatikappamhi, eko pulinapupphiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘andhaputhujjanānaṃ paṭipattito vidhurā ariyānaṃ
paṭipattī’’ti imassa atthassa dassanavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –
76.
‘‘Uppatantesu nipate, nipatantesu uppate;
Vase avasamānesu, ramamānesu no rame’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha uppatantesūti
uṇṇamantesu, sattesu mānuddhaccathambhasārambhādīhi attukkaṃsanena anupasantesu. Nipateti
nameyya, tesaññeva pāpadhammānaṃ parivajjanena nivātavutti bhaveyya. Nipatantesūti
oṇamantesu, hīnādhimuttikatāya kosajjena ca guṇato nihīyamānesu. Uppateti
uṇṇameyya, paṇītādhimuttikatāya vīriyārambhena ca guṇato ussukkeyya. Atha vā uppatantesūti
uṭṭhahantesu, kilesesu pariyuṭṭhānavasena sīsaṃ ukkhipantesu. Nipateti
paṭisaṅkhānabalena yathā te na uppajjanti, tathā anurūpapaccavekkhaṇāya
nipateyya, vikkhambheyya ceva samucchindeyya
ca. Nipatantesūti
paripatantesu, ayonisomanasikāresu vīriyapayogamandatāya vā yathāraddhesu
samathavipassanādhammesu hāya mānesu . Uppateti
yonisomanasikārena vīriyārambhasampadāya ca te upaṭṭhāpeyya uppādeyya vaḍḍheyya
ca. Vaseavasamānesūti
sattesu maggabrahmacariyavāsaṃ ariyavāsañca avasantesu sayaṃ taṃ vāsaṃ
vaseyyāti, ariyesu vā kilesavāsaṃ dutiyakavāsaṃ avasantesu yena vāsena te
avasamānā nāma honti, sayaṃ tathā vase. Ramamānesu
no rameti sattesu kāmaguṇaratiyā kilesaratiyā ramantesu sayaṃ tathā no
rame naṃ rameyya, ariyesu vā nirāmisāya jhānādiratiyā ramamānesu sayampi tathā
rame, tato aññathā pana kadācipi no rame nābhirameyya vāti attho.
Piyañjahattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Hatthārohaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Idaṃ pure cittamacāri cārikanti
āyasmato hatthārohaputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ vihārato nikkhantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pupphehi pūjaṃ
katvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ hatthārohakule
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto hatthisippe nipphattiṃ agamāsi. So ekadivasaṃ hatthiṃ
sikkhāpento nadītīraṃ gantvā hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ iminā
hatthidamanena, attānaṃ damanameva vara’’nti cintetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvāva cariyānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto ciraparicayena kammaṭṭhānato bahiddhā vidhāvantaṃ
cittaṃ cheko hatthācariyo viya aṅkusena caṇḍamattavaravāraṇaṃ
paṭisaṅkhānaaṅkusena niggaṇhanto ‘‘idaṃ
pure cittamacāri cārika’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
77.
Tattha idanti
vuccamānassa cittassa attapaccakkhatāya vuttaṃ. Pureti
niggahakālato pubbe. Acārīti
vicari, anavaṭṭhitatāya nānārammaṇesu paribbhami . Cārikanti
yathākāmacariyaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘yenicchakaṃ
yatthakāmaṃ yathāsukha’’nti. Tanti
taṃ cittaṃ. Ajjāti
etarahi. Niggahessāmīti
niggaṇhissāmi, nibbisevanaṃ karissāmi. Yonisoti
upāyena. Yathā kiṃ? Hatthippabhinnaṃ
viya aṅkusaggaho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idaṃ mama cittaṃ nāma ito pubbe
rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu yena yena ramituṃ icchati, tassa tassa vasena yenicchakaṃ,
yattha yattha cassa kāmo, tassa tassa vasena yatthakāmaṃ, yathā yathā
vicarantassa sukhaṃ hoti, tatheva caraṇato yathāsukhaṃ dīgharattaṃ cārikaṃ
acari, taṃ ajjapāhaṃ bhinnamadamattahatthiṃ hatthācariyasaṅkhāto cheko
aṅkusaggaho aṅkusena viya yonisomanasikārena niggahessāmi, nāssa vītikkamituṃ
dassāmīti. Evaṃ vadanto eva ca thero vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.91-96) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo sambuddho, vipassī dakkhiṇāraho;
Purakkhato sāvakehi, ārāmā abhinikkhami.
‘‘Disvānahaṃ buddhaseṭṭhaṃ, sabbaññuṃ tamanāsakaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, gaṇṭhipupphaṃ apūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, dvipadindassa tādino;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, puna vandiṃ tathāgataṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekatālīsito kappe, caraṇo nāma khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.
Hatthārohaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Meṇḍasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Anekajātisaṃsāranti āyasmato
meṇḍasirattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni karonto ito ekanavute kappe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto kāme pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā mahatā
isigaṇena saddhiṃ himavante vasanto satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso isigaṇena
padumāni āharāpetvā satthu pupphapūjaṃ katvā sāvake
appamādapaṭipattiyaṃ ovaditvā kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sākete gahapatikule nibbatti, tassa
meṇḍasarikkhasīsatāya meṇḍasirotveva
samaññā ahosi. So bhagavati sākete añjanavane viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi.
Teva vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.97-105) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, gotamo nāma pabbato;
Nānārukkhehi sañchanno, mahābhūtagaṇālayo.
‘‘Vemajjhamhi ca tassāsi, assamo abhinimmito;
Purakkhato sasissehi, vasāmi assame ahaṃ.
‘‘Āyantu me sissagaṇā, padumaṃ āharantu me;
Buddhapūjaṃ karissāmi, dvipadindassa tādino.
‘‘Evanti te paṭissutvā, padumaṃ āhariṃsu me;
Tathā nimittaṃ katvāhaṃ, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Sisse tadā samānetvā, sādhukaṃ anusāsahaṃ;
Mā kho tumhe pamajjittha, appamādo sukhāvaho.
‘‘Evaṃ samanusāsitvā, te sisse vacanakkhame;
Appamādaguṇe yutto, tadā kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekapaññāsakappamhi , rājā āsiṃ jaluttamo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto –
78.
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
Tassa me dukkhajātassa, dukkhakkhandho aparaddho’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha anekajātisaṃsāranti
anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ idaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ, addhuno adhippetattā accantasaṃyogekavacanaṃ. Sandhāvissanti
saṃsariṃ, aparāparaṃ cavanuppajjanavasena paribbhamiṃ. Anibbisanti
tassa nivattakañāṇaṃ avindanto alabhanto. Tassa
meti evaṃ saṃsarantassa me. Dukkhajātassāti
jātiādivasena uppannadukkhassa, tissannaṃ vā dukkhatānaṃ vasena
dukkhasabhāvassa. Dukkhakkhandhoti
kammakilesavipākavaṭṭappakāro dukkharāsi. Aparaddhoti
arahattamaggappattito paṭṭhāya paribbhaṭṭho cuto na abhinibbattissati.
‘‘Aparaṭṭho’’ti vā pāṭho, apagatasamiddhito samucchinnakāraṇattā apagatoti
attho. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Meṇḍasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Rakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sabborāgo
pahīno meti āyasmato rakkhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso desanāñāṇaṃ ārabbha thomanaṃ akāsi.
Satthā tassa cittappasādaṃ oloketvā ‘‘ayaṃ ito satasahassakappamatthake
gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa rakkhito nāma sāvako bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi .
So taṃ sutvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde devadahanigame sākiyarājakule
nibbatti, rakkhitotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So ye sākiyakoliyarājūhi bhagavato parivāratthāya dinnā
pañcasatarājakumārā pabbajitā, tesaṃ aññataro. Te pana rājakumārā na saṃvegena
pabbajitattā ukkaṇṭhābhibhūtā yadā satthārā kuṇāladahatīraṃ netvā kuṇālajātakadesanāya (jā.
2.21.kuṇālajātaka) itthīnaṃ dosavibhāvanena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ pakāsetvā
kammaṭṭhāne niyojitā, tadā ayampi kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.1-9) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Mahato janakāyassa, deseti amataṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vācāsabhimudīritaṃ;
Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, ekaggo āsahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Yathā samuddo udadhīnamaggo, nerū nagānaṃ
pavaro siluccayo;
Tatheva ye cittavasena vattare, na buddhañāṇassa kalaṃ upenti te.
‘‘Dhammavidhiṃ ṭhapetvāna, buddho kāruṇiko isi;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo so ñāṇaṃ pakittesi, buddhamhi lokanāyake;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ na gamissati.
‘‘Kilese jhāpayitvāna, ekaggo susamāhito;
Sobhito nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Paññāse kappasahasse, sattevāsuṃ yasuggatā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano pahīnakilese
paccavekkhanto ‘‘sabbo
rāgo’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
79.
Tattha ‘‘sabbo rāgo’’ti
kāmarāgādippabhedo sabbopi rāgo. Pahīnoti
ariyamaggabhāvanāya samucchedappahānavasena pahīno. Sabbo
dosoti āghātavatthukādibhāvena anekabhedabhinno sabbopi byāpādo. Samūhatoti
maggena samugghāṭito. Sabbo
me vigato mohoti ‘‘dukkhe aññāṇa’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 1067; vibha. 909)
vatthubhedena aṭṭhabhedo, saṃkilesavatthuvibhāgena anekavibhāgo sabbopi moho
maggena viddhaṃsitattā mayhaṃ vigato. Sītibhūtosmi
nibbutoti evaṃ mūlakilesappahānena tadekaṭṭhatāya saṃkilesānaṃ sammadeva
paṭippassaddhattā anavasesakilesadarathapariḷāhābhāvato sītibhāvaṃ
patto, tato eva sabbaso kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto ahaṃ asmi bhavāmīti
aññaṃ byākāsi.
Rakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Uggattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ kammanti
āyasmato uggattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ passitvā
pasannamānaso ketakapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe
ugganigame seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, uggotvevassa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto bhagavati tasmiṃ nigame bhaddārāme viharante
vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.10-16) –
‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, pilakkhu phalito ahu;
Tāhaṃ rukkhaṃ gavesanto, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Ketakaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, vaṇṭe chetvānahaṃ tadā;
Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.
‘‘Yena ñāṇena pattosi, accutaṃ amataṃ padaṃ;
Taṃ ñāṇaṃ abhipūjemi, buddhaseṭṭha mahāmuni.
‘‘Ñāṇamhi pūjaṃ katvāna, pilakkhumaddasaṃ ahaṃ;
Paṭiladdhomhi taṃ paññaṃ, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, dvādasāsuṃ phaluggatā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano vaṭṭūpacchedadīpanena aññaṃ byākaronto –
80.
‘‘Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ kammaṃ, appaṃ vā yadi vā bahuṃ;
Sabbametaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yaṃ mayā
pakataṃ kammanti yaṃ kammaṃ tīhi kammadvārehi, chahi uppattidvārehi,
aṭṭhahi asaṃvaradvārehi , aṭṭhahi ca
saṃvaradvārehi pāpādivasena dānādivasena cāti anekehi pakārehi anādimati saṃsāre
yaṃ mayā kataṃ upacitaṃ abhinibbattitaṃ vipākakammaṃ. Appaṃ
vā yadi vābahunti
tañca vatthucetanāpayogakilesādīnaṃ dubbalabhāvena appaṃ vā, tesaṃ balavabhāvena
abhiṇhapavattiyā ca bahuṃ vā. Sabbametaṃ
parikkhīṇanti sabbameva cetaṃ kammaṃ kammakkhayakarassa aggamaggassa
adhigatattā parikkhayaṃ gataṃ, kilesavaṭṭappahānena hi kammavaṭṭaṃ pahīnameva
hoti vipākavaṭṭassa anuppādanato. Tenāha ‘‘natthi
dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti mayhaṃ natthīti attho.
‘‘Sabbampeta’’ntipi pāṭho, sabbampi etanti padavibhāgo.
Uggattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Aṭṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Navamavaggo
1. Samitiguttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yaṃmayā
pakataṃ pāpanti āyasmato samitiguttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavantaṃ passitvā
pasannacitto jātisumanapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena yattha yattha
bhave nibbatti, tattha tattha kularūpaparivārasampadāya aññe satte abhibhavitvā
aṭṭhāsi. Ekasmiṃ pana attabhāve aññataraṃ paccekabuddhaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā
‘‘ayaṃ muṇḍako kuṭṭhī maññe, tenāyaṃ paṭicchādetvā vicaratī’’ti niṭṭhubhitvā
pakkāmi. So tena kammena bahuṃ kālaṃ niraye paccitvā kassapassa bhagavato kāle
manussaloke nibbatto paribbājakapabbajjaṃ upagato ekaṃ sīlācārasampannaṃ
upāsakaṃ disvā dosantaro hutvā, ‘‘kuṭṭharogī bhaveyyāsī’’ti akkosi, nhānatitthe
ca manussehi ṭhapitāni nhānacuṇṇāni dūsesi.
So tena kammena puna niraye nibbattitvā bahūni vassāni dukkhaṃ anubhavitvā
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, samitiguttotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā suvisuddhasīlo hutvā viharati. Tassa purimakammanissandena kuṭṭharogo
uppajji, tena tassa sarīrāvayavā yebhuyyena chinnabhinnā hutvā paggharanti. So
gilānasālāyaṃ vasati. Athekadivasaṃ dhammasenāpati gilānapucchaṃ gantvā tattha
tattha gilāne bhikkhū pucchanto taṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā ‘‘āvuso, yāvatā
khandhappavatti nāma, sabbaṃ dukkhameva vedanā. Khandhesu pana asantesuyeva
natthi dukkha’’nti
vedanānupassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā agamāsi. So therassa ovāde ṭhatvā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiññā sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.12.82-90) –
‘‘Jāyantassa vipassissa, āloko vipulo ahu;
Pathavī ca pakampittha, sasāgarā sapabbatā.
‘‘Nemittā ca viyākaṃsu, buddho loke
bhavissati;
Aggo ca sabbasattānaṃ, janataṃ uddharissati.
‘‘Nemittānaṃ suṇitvāna, jātipūjamakāsahaṃ;
Edisā pūjanā natthi, yādisā jātipūjanā.
‘‘Saṅkharitvāna kusalaṃ, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;
Jātipūjaṃ karitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Sabbe satte abhibhomi, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dhātiyo maṃ upaṭṭhenti, mama cittavasānugā;
Na tā sakkonti kopetuṃ, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pūjamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, jātipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Supāricariyā nāma, catuttiṃsa janādhipā;
Ito tatiyakappamhi, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇena etarahi
anubhuyyamānarogavasena purimajātīsu attanā kataṃ pāpakammaṃ anussaritvā tassa
idāni sabbaso pahīnabhāvaṃ vibhāvento –
81.
‘‘Yaṃ mayā pakataṃ pāpaṃ, pubbe aññāsu jātisu;
Idheva taṃ vedanīyaṃ, vatthu aññaṃ na vijjatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha pāpanti
akusalaṃ kammaṃ. Tañhi lāmakaṭṭhena pāpanti vuccati. Pubbeti
purā. Aññāsu jātisūti
ito aññāsu jātīsu, aññesu attabhāvesu. Ayañhettha attho – yadipi mayā imasmiṃ
attabhāve na tādisaṃ pāpaṃ kataṃ atthi, idāni pana tassa sambhavoyeva natthi.
Yaṃ pana ito aññāsu jātīsu kataṃ atthi, idheva
taṃ vedanīyaṃ, tañhi idheva imasmiṃyeva attabhāve
vedayitabbaṃ anubhavitabbaṃ phalaṃ, kasmā? Vatthu
aññaṃ na vijjatīti tassa kammassa vipaccanokāso añño khandhappabandho
natthi, ime pana khandhā sabbaso upādānānaṃ pahīnattā
anupādāno viya jātavedo carimakacittanirodhena appaṭisandhikā nirujjhantīti
aññaṃ byākāsi.
Samitiguttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Kassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yena yena subhikkhānīti
āyasmato kassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā tīsu vedesu aññesu ca brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ
gato, so ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sumanapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi.
Karonto ca satthu samantato upari ca pupphamuṭṭhiyo khipi. Buddhānubhāvena
pupphāni pupphāsanākārena sattāhaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. So taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā
bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso ahosi. Aparāparaṃ puññāni karonto
kappasatasahassaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
aññatarassa udiccabrāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, kassapotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa daharakāleyeva pitā kālamakāsi. Mātā taṃ paṭijaggati. So
ekadivasaṃ jetavanaṃ gato bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā hetusampannatāya
tasmiṃyeva āsane sotāpanno hutvā mātu santikaṃ gantvā anujānāpetvā pabbajito
satthari vuṭṭhavasse pavāretvā janapadacārikaṃ pakkante sayampi satthārā saddhiṃ
gantukāmo āpucchituṃ mātu santikaṃ agamāsi. Mātā vissajjentī ovādavasena –
82.
‘‘Yena yena subhikkhāni, sivāni abhayāni ca;
Tena puttaka gacchassu, mā sokāpahato bhavā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yena yenāti
yattha yattha. Bhummatthe hi etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ, yasmiṃ yasmiṃ disābhāgeti
attho. Subhikkhānīti
sulabhapiṇḍāni, raṭṭhānīti adhippāyo. Sivānīti
khemāni arogāni. Abhayānīti
corabhayādīhi nibbhayāni, rogadubbhikkhabhayāni pana ‘‘subhikkhāni, sivānī’’ti
padadvayeneva gahitāni. Tenāti
tattha, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ disābhāgeti attho. Puttakāti
anukampantī taṃ ālapati. Māti
paṭisedhatthe nipāto sokāpahatoti
vuttaguṇarahitāni raṭṭhāni gantvā dubbhikkhabhayādijanitena sokena upahato mā bhava māhosīti
attho. Taṃ sutvā thero, ‘‘mama mātā mayhaṃ sokarahitaṭṭhānagamanaṃ āsīsati,
handa mayaṃ sabbaso accantameva sokarahitaṃ ṭhānaṃ
pattuṃ yutta’’nti ussāhajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.13.1-9) –
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Abbhokāse ṭhito santo, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Sīhaṃ yathā vanacaraṃ, byaggharājaṃva nittasaṃ;
Tidhāpabhinnamātaṅgaṃ, kuñjaraṃva mahesinaṃ.
‘‘Sereyakaṃ gahetvāna, ākāse ukkhipiṃ ahaṃ;
Buddhassa ānubhāvena, parivārenti sabbaso.
‘‘Adhiṭṭhahi mahāvīro, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Samantā pupphacchadanā, okiriṃsu narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Tato sā pupphakañcukā, antovaṇṭā bahimukhā;
Sattāhaṃ chadanaṃ katvā, tato antaradhāyatha.
‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Buddhe cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, sugate lokanāyake.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, sukkamūlena codito;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Pannarasasahassamhi, kappānaṃ pañcavīsati;
Vītamalāsanāmā ca, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘idameva mātu vacanaṃ arahattappattiyā aṅkusaṃ jāta’’nti
tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Kassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Sīhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sīhappamatto viharāti
āyasmato sīhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito
aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake atthadassissa bhagavato kāle candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre
kinnarayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā pupphabhakkho pupphanivasano hutvā viharanto ākāsena
gacchantaṃ atthadassiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto pūjetukāmo añjaliṃ
paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā
ākāsato oruyha aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle pallaṅkena nisīdi. Kinnaro candanasāraṃ
ghaṃsitvā candanagandhena pupphehi ca pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā
pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
mallarājakule nibbatti, tassa sīhoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharati. Tassa cittaṃ
nānārammaṇe vidhāvati, ekaggaṃ na hoti, sakatthaṃ nipphādetuṃ na sakkoti. Satthā
taṃ disvā ākāse ṭhatvā –
83.
‘‘Sīhappamatto vihara, rattindivamatandito;
Bhāvehi kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, jaha sīghaṃ samussaya’’nti. –
Gāthāya ovadi. So gāthāvasāne vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.17-25) –
‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre, ahosiṃ kinnaro tadā;
Pupphabhakkho cahaṃ āsiṃ, pupphanivasano tathā.
‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Vipinaggena niyyāsi, haṃsarājāva ambare.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, cittaṃ te suvisodhitaṃ;
Pasannamukhavaṇṇosi, vippasannamukhindriyo.
‘‘Orohitvāna ākāsā, bhūripañño sumedhaso;
Saṅghāṭiṃ pattharitvāna, pallaṅkena upāvisi.
‘‘Vilīnaṃ candanādāya, agamāsiṃ jinantikaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Abhivādetvāna sambuddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, pakkāmiṃ uttarāmukho.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, candanaṃ yaṃ apūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catuddase kappasate, ito āsiṃsu te tayo;
Rohaṇī nāma nāmena, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa
sāsana’’nti.
Yā pana bhagavatā ovādavasena vuttā ‘‘sīhappamatto’’ti gāthā, tattha sīhāti
tassa therassa ālapanaṃ. Appamatto
viharāti satiyā avippavāsena pamādavirahito sabbiriyāpathesu
satisampajaññayutto hutvā viharāhi. Idāni taṃ appamādavihāraṃ saha phalena
saṅkhepato dassetuṃ ‘‘rattindiva’’ntiādi
vuttaṃ. Tassattho – rattibhāgaṃ divasabhāgañca
‘‘caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī’’ti (saṃ. ni.
4.239; a. ni. 3.16; vibha. 519) vuttanayena catusammappadhānavasena atandito
akusīto āraddhavīriyo kusalaṃ samathavipassanādhammañca lokuttaradhammañca
bhāvehi uppādehi vaḍḍhehi ca, evaṃ bhāvetvā ca jaha
sīghaṃ samussayanti tava samussayaṃ attabhāvaṃ paṭhamaṃ tāva
tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena sīghaṃ nacirasseva pajaha, evaṃbhūto ca pacchā
carimakacittanirodhena anavasesato ca pajahissatīti. Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero
aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsīti.
Sīhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Nītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sabbarattiṃsupitvānāti
āyasmato nītattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
kāle sunando nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā anekasate brāhmaṇe mante vācento vājapeyyaṃ
nāma yaññaṃ yaji, bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ anukampanto yaññaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ākāse
caṅkami. Brāhmaṇo satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso sissehi pupphāni āharāpetvā
ākāse khipitvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Buddhānubhāvena taṃ ṭhānaṃ sakalañca nagaraṃ
pupphapaṭavitānikaṃ viya chāditaṃ ahosi. Mahājano satthari uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ
paṭisaṃvedesi. Sunandabrāhmaṇo tena kusalamūlena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, nītotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto ‘‘ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhasīlā sukhasamācārā
subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu senāsanesu viharanti, imesu pabbajitvā sukhena
viharituṃ sakkā’’ti sukhābhilāsāya pabbajitvāva satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ
gahetvā katipāhameva manasikaritvā taṃ chaḍḍetvā yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ
bhuñjitvā divasabhāgaṃ saṅgaṇikārāmo tiracchānakathāya vītināmeti, rattibhāgepi
thinamiddhābhibhūto sabbarattiṃ supati. Satthā tassa hetuparipākaṃ oloketvā
ovādaṃ dento –
84.
‘‘Sabbarattiṃ supitvāna,
divā saṅgaṇike rato;
Kudāssu nāma dummedho, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sabbarattinti
sakalaṃ rattiṃ. Supitvānāti
niddāyitvā, ‘‘rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi
cittaṃ parisodhetī’’tiādinā vuttaṃ jāgariyaṃ ananuyuñjitvā kevalaṃ rattiyā
tīsupi yāmesu niddaṃ okkamitvāti attho. Divāti
divasaṃ, sakalaṃ divasabhāganti attho. Saṅgaṇiketi
tiracchānakathikehi kāyadaḷhibahulapuggalehi sannisajjā
saṅgaṇiko, tasmiṃ rato abhirato
tattha avigatacchando ‘‘saṅgaṇike rato’’ti vutto ‘‘saṅgaṇikārato’’tipi pāḷi. Kudāssu
nāmāti kudā nāma. Assūti
nipātamattaṃ, kasmiṃ nāma kāleti attho. Dummedhoti
nippañño. Dukkhassāti
vaṭṭadukkhassa. Antanti
pariyosānaṃ. Accantameva anuppādaṃ kadā nāma karissati, edisassa
dukkhassantakaraṇaṃ natthīti attho. ‘‘Dummedha dukkhassantaṃ karissasī’’tipi
pāḷi.
Evaṃ pana satthārā gāthāya kathitāya thero saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.26-33) –
‘‘Sunando nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;
Ajjhāyako yācayogo, vājapeyyaṃ ayājayi.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, aggo kāruṇiko isi;
Janataṃ anukampanto, ambare caṅkamī tadā.
‘‘Caṅkamitvāna sambuddho, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Mettāya aphari satte, appamāṇe nirūpadhi.
‘‘Vaṇṭe chetvāna pupphāni, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;
Sabbe sisse samānetvā, ākāse ukkhipāpayi.
‘‘Yāvatā nagaraṃ āsi, pupphānaṃ chadanaṃ tadā;
Buddhassa ānubhāvena, sattāhaṃ na vigacchatha.
‘‘Teneva sukkamūlena, anubhotvāna sampadā;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, tiṇṇo loke visattikaṃ.
‘‘Ekārase kappasate, pañcatiṃsāsu khattiyā;
Ambaraṃsasanāmā te, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa
sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero aññaṃ byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Nītattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Sunāgattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Cittanimittassa kovidoti
āyasmato sunāgattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekattiṃse kappe
sikhissa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ
pāragū hutvā araññāyatane assame vasanto tīṇi brāhmaṇasahassāni mante vācesi.
Athekadivasaṃ tassa satthāraṃ disvā lakkhaṇāni upadhāretvā lakkhaṇamante
parivattentassa, ‘‘īdisehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato anantajino anantañāṇo buddho
bhavissatī’’ti buddhañāṇaṃ ārabbha uḷāro pasādo uppajji. So tena cittappasādena
devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde nālakagāme aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, sunāgotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So dhammasenāpatissa gihisahāyo therassa santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ
sutvā dassanabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhito pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.34-40) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, vasabho nāma pabbato;
Tasmiṃ pabbatapādamhi, assamo āsi māpito.
‘‘Tīṇi sissasahassāni, vācesiṃ brāhmaṇo tadā;
Saṃharitvāna te sisse, ekamantaṃ upāvisiṃ.
‘‘Ekamantaṃ nisīditvā, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;
Buddhavedaṃ gavesanto, ñāṇe cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.
‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, nisīdiṃ paṇṇasanthare;
Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattavīsati kappamhi, rājā siridharo ahu;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammadesanāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto –
85.
‘‘Cittanimittassa kovido, pavivekarasaṃ vijāniya;
Jhāyaṃ nipako patissato, adhigaccheyya sukhaṃ nirāmisa’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha cittanimittassa
kovidoti bhāvanācittassa nimittaggahaṇe kusalo, ‘‘imasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ
paggahetabbaṃ, imasmiṃ sampahaṃsitabbaṃ, imasmiṃ ajjhupekkhitabba’’nti evaṃ
paggahaṇādiyogyassa cittanimittassa gahaṇe cheko. Pavivekarasaṃ
vijāniyāti kāyavivekasaṃvaḍḍhitassa cittavivekassa rasaṃ sañjānitvā,
vivekasukhaṃ anubhavitvāti attho. ‘‘Pavivekarasaṃ pitvā’’ti (dha. pa. 205) hi
vuttaṃ. Jhāyanti
paṭhamaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānena pacchā lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyanto. Nipakoti
kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇe kusalo. Patissatoti
upaṭṭhitassati. Adhigaccheyya
sukhaṃ nirāmisanti evaṃ samathanimittādikosallena labbhe cittavivekasukhe
patiṭṭhāya sato sampajāno hutvā
vipassanājhāneneva jhāyanto kāmāmisavaṭṭāmisehi asammissatāya nirāmisaṃ
nibbānasukhaṃ phalasukhañca adhigaccheyya samupagaccheyyāti attho.
Sunāgattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Nāgitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Itobahiddhā
puthuaññavādinanti āyasmato nāgitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle nārado nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā ekadivasaṃ māḷake
nisinno bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena purakkhataṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
tīhi gāthāhi abhitthavi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare
sakyarājakule nibbatti, nāgitotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So bhagavati kapilavatthusmiṃ
viharante madhupiṇḍikasuttaṃ (ma.
ni. 1.199 ādayo) sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.47-54) –
‘‘Visālamāḷe āsīno, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Khīṇāsavaṃ balappattaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṃ.
‘‘Satasahassā tevijjā, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
Parivārenti sambuddhaṃ, ko disvā nappasīdati.
‘‘Ñāṇe upanidhā yassa, na vijjati sadevake;
Anantañāṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, ko disvā nappasīdati.
‘‘Dhammakāyañca dīpentaṃ, kevalaṃ ratanākaraṃ;
Vikappetuṃ na sakkonti, ko disvā nappasīdati.
‘‘Imāhi tīhi gāthāhi, nāradovhayavacchalo;
Padumuttaraṃ thavitvāna, sambuddhaṃ aparājitaṃ.
‘‘Tena cittappasādena, buddhasanthavanena ca;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Ito tiṃsakappasate, sumitto nāma khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu avitathadesanataṃ dhammassa ca niyyānikataṃ nissāya
sañjātapītisomanasso pītivegappavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento –
86.
‘‘Ito bahiddhā puthuaññavādinaṃ, maggo na nibbānagamo yathā ayaṃ;
Itissu saṅghaṃ bhagavānusāsati, satthā sayaṃ pāṇitaleva dassaya’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha ito bahiddhāti
imasmā buddhasāsanā bāhirake samaye, tenāha ‘‘puthuaññavādina’’nti,
nānātitthiyānanti attho. Maggo
na nibbānagamo yathā ayanti yathā ayaṃ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo ekaṃsena
nibbānaṃ gacchatīti nibbānagamo, nibbānagāmī, evaṃ nibbānagamo maggo
titthiyasamaye natthi asammāsambuddhappaveditattā aññatitthiyavādassa. Tenāha
bhagavā –
‘‘Idheva , bhikkhave, samaṇo, idha dutiyo
samaṇo, idha tatiyo samaṇo, idha catuttho
samaṇo, suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.214; ma. ni. 1.139; a.
ni. 4.241).
Itīti evaṃ. Assūti
nipātamattaṃ. Saṅghanti
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ukkaṭṭhaniddesoyaṃ yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti. Saṅghanti
vā samūhaṃ, veneyyajananti adhippāyo. Bhagavāti
bhāgyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavā, ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana
paramatthadīpaniyaṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbo. Satthāti
diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsatīti satthā. Sayanti
sayameva. Ayañhettha attho – ‘‘sīlādikkhandhattayasaṅgaho sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ
aṭṭhannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgiko nibbānagāmī ariyamaggo yathā mama sāsane
atthi, evaṃ bāhirakasamaye maggo nāma natthī’’ti sīhanādaṃ nadanto amhākaṃ
satthā bhagavā sayameva sayambhūñāṇena ñātaṃ, sayameva vā mahākaruṇāsañcodito
hutvā attano desanāvilāsasampattiyā hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya dassento
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ veneyyajanataṃ anusāsati ovadatīti.
Nāgitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Paviṭṭhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Khandhā diṭṭhā yathābhūtanti
āyasmato paviṭṭhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ karonto atthadassissa bhagavato
kāle kesavo nāma tāpaso hutvā ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā
pasannamānaso abhivādetvā añjaliṃ paggayha padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule uppajjitvā anukkamena
viññutaṃ patto nekkhammaninnajjhāsayatāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tattha
sikkhitabbaṃ sikkhitvā vicaranto
upatissakolitānaṃ buddhasāsane pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘tepi nāma mahāpaññā
tattha pabbajitā, tadeva maññe seyyo’’ti satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Tassa satthā vipassanaṃ ācikkhi. So vipassanaṃ
ārabhitvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.55-59) –
‘‘Nārado iti me nāmaṃ, kesavo iti maṃ vidū;
Kusalākusalaṃ esaṃ, agamaṃ buddhasantikaṃ.
‘‘Mettacitto kāruṇiko, atthadassī mahāmuni;
Assāsayanto satte so, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;
Satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, pakkāmiṃ pācināmukho.
‘‘Sattarase kappasate, rājā āsi mahīpati;
Amittatāpano nāma, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
87.
‘‘Khandhā diṭṭhā yathābhūtaṃ, bhavā sabbe padālitā;
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha khandhāti
pañcupādānakkhandhā, te hi vipassanupalakkhaṇato sāmaññalakkhaṇato ca
ñātapariññādīhi parijānanavasena vipassitabbā. Diṭṭhā
yathābhūtanti vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’ntiādinā
aviparītato diṭṭhā. Bhavā
sabbe padālitāti kāmabhavādayo sabbe kammabhavā upapattibhavā ca
maggañāṇasatthena bhinnā viddhaṃsitā. Kilesapadālaneneva hi kammopapattibhavā
padālitā nāma honti. Tenāha ‘‘vikkhīṇo
jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Paviṭṭhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Ajjunattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Asakkhiṃ vata attānanti
āyasmato ajjunattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato
kāle sīhayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekadivasaṃ araññe aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ
satthāraṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kho imasmiṃ kāle
sabbaseṭṭho purisasīho’’ti pasannamānaso supupphitasālasākhaṃ bhañjitvā
satthāraṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhikule nibbatti. Ajjunotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto nigaṇṭhehi kataparicayo hutvā ‘‘evāhaṃ amataṃ
adhigamissāmī’’ti vivaṭṭajjhāsayatāya daharakāleyeva nigaṇṭhesu pabbajitvā
tattha sāraṃ alabhanto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho sāsane
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva arahā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.60-65) –
‘‘Migarājā tadā āsiṃ, abhijāto sukesarī;
Giriduggaṃ gavesanto, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Ayaṃ nu kho mahāvīro, nibbāpeti mahājanaṃ;
Yaṃnūnāhaṃ upāseyyaṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Sākhaṃ sālassa bhañjitvā, sakosaṃ pupphamāhariṃ;
Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, adāsiṃ pupphamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pupphadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, virocanasanāmakā;
Tayo āsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā anuttarasukhādhigamasambhūtena pītivegena udānaṃ udānento –
88.
‘‘Asakkhiṃ vata attānaṃ, uddhātuṃ udakā thalaṃ;
Vuyhamāno mahogheva, saccāni paṭivijjhaha’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha asakkhinti
sakkosiṃ. Vatāti
vimhaye nipāto. Ativimhayanīyañhetaṃ yadidaṃ saccapaṭivedho. Tenāha –
‘‘Taṃ kiṃmaññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā
durabhisambhavataraṃ vā, yaṃ sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ
paṭivijjheyyā’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.1115)?
Attānanti niyakajjhattaṃ
sandhāya vadati. Yo hi paro na hoti so attāti. Uddhātunti uddharituṃ,
‘‘uddhaṭa’’ntipi pāṭho. Udakāti
saṃsāramahoghasaṅkhātā udakā. Thalanti
nibbānathalaṃ. Vuyhamāno
mahoghevāti mahaṇṇave vuyhamāno viya. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā nāma
gambhīravitthate appatiṭṭhe mahati udakoghe vegasā vuyhamāno puriso kenaci atthakāmena
upanītaṃ phiyārittasampannaṃ daḷhanāvaṃ labhitvā sukheneva tato attānaṃ
uddharituṃ sakkuṇeyya pāraṃ pāpuṇeyya, evamevāhaṃ saṃsāramahoghe
kilesābhisaṅkhāravegena vuyhamāno satthārā upanītaṃ samathavipassanupetaṃ
ariyamagganāvaṃ labhitvā tato attānaṃ uddharituṃ nibbānathalaṃ pattuṃ aho
asakkhinti. Yathā pana asakkhi, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saccāni
paṭivijjhaha’’nti āha. Yasmā ahaṃ dukkhādīni cattāri ariyasaccāni
pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhiṃ ariyamaggañāṇena
aññāsiṃ, tasmā asakkhiṃ vata attānaṃ uddhātuṃ udakā thalanti yojanā.
Ajjunattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. (Paṭhama) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipāti
āyasmato devasabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle
pārāvatayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso piyālaphalaṃ
upanesi. Satthā tassa pasādasaṃvaḍḍhanatthaṃ taṃ paribhuñji. So tena ativiya
pasannacitto hutvā kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā cittaṃ pasādeti .
So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa maṇḍalikarañño putto hutvā nibbatto
taruṇakāleyeva rajje patiṭṭhito rajjasukhamanubhavanto vuddho satthāraṃ
upasaṅkami, tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
saṃvegajāto rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.66-72) –
‘‘Pārāvato tadā āsiṃ, paraṃ anuparodhako;
Pabbhāre seyyaṃ kappemi, avidūre sikhisatthuno.
‘‘Sāyaṃ pātañca passāmi, buddhaṃ lokagganāyakaṃ;
Deyyadhammo ca me natthi, dvipadindassa tādino.
‘‘Piyālaphalamādāya , agamaṃ buddhasantikaṃ;
Paṭiggahesi bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho.
‘‘Tato paraṃ upādāya, paricāriṃ vināyakaṃ;
Tena cittappasādena, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekattiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito pannarase kappe, tayo āsuṃ piyālino;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā
pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇavasena uppannasomanasso udānaṃ udānento –
89.
‘‘Uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipā, pātālā parivajjitā;
Mutto oghā ca ganthā ca, sabbe mānā visaṃhatā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha uttiṇṇāti
uttaritā atikkantā. Paṅkapalipāti
paṅkā ca palipā ca. Paṅko vuccati pakatikaddamo. ‘‘Palipo’’ti gambhīraputhulo
mahākaddamo. Idha pana paṅko viyāti paṅko, kāmarāgo asucibhāvāpādanena cittassa
makkhanato. Palipo viyāti palipo, puttadārādivisayo bahalo chandarāgo
vuttanayena sammakkhanato duruttaraṇato ca. Te mayā anāgāmimaggena sabbaso
atikkantāti āha ‘‘uttiṇṇā paṅkapalipā’’ti. Pātālāti
pātāyālanti pātālā, mahāsamudde ninnatarapadesā. Keci pana nāgabhavanaṃ
‘‘pātāla’’nti vadanti. Idha pana agāhaduravaggāhaduruttaraṇaṭṭhena pātālā viyāti
pātālā, diṭṭhiyo. Te ca mayā paṭhamamaggādhigameneva sabbathā vajjitā
samucchinnāti āha ‘‘pātālā
parivajjitā’’ti mutto
oghā ca ganthā cāti kāmoghādioghato abhijjhākāyaganthādiganthato ca tena
tena maggena mutto parimutto, puna anabhikiraṇaaganthanavasena atikkantoti
attho. Sabbe mānā
visaṃhatāti navavidhāpi mānā aggamaggādhigamena visesato saṅghātaṃ
vināsaṃ āpāditā samucchinnā ‘‘mānavidhā hatā’’ti keci paṭhanti, mānakoṭṭhāsāti
attho. ‘‘Mānavisā’’ti apare, tesaṃ pana mānavisassa dukkhassa phalato mānavisāti
attho daṭṭhabbo.
(Paṭhama) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Sāmidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañcakkhandhāpariññātāti āyasmato
sāmidattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
atthadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari
parinibbute tassa thūpe pupphehi chattātichattaṃ katvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, sāmidattotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So anukkamena viññutaṃ patto buddhānubhāvaṃ sutvā upāsakehi saddhiṃ
vihāraṃ gato satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ
desesi, yathā saddhaṃ paṭilabhi saṃsāre ca saṃvegaṃ. So paṭiladdhasaddho
saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā ñāṇassa aparipakkattā katipayakālaṃ alasabahulī vihāsi.
Puna satthārā dhammadesanāya samuttejito vipassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā tattha
yuttappayutto viharanto nacireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.1-4) –
‘‘Parinibbute bhagavati, atthadassīnaruttame;
Chattātichattaṃ kāretvā, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Kālena kālamāgantvā, namassiṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Pupphacchadanaṃ katvāna, chattamhi abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Sattarase kappasate, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Manussattaṃ na gacchāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, buddhaseṭṭhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So aparabhāge bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ tayā, āvuso, uttarimanussadhammo adhigato’’ti
puṭṭho sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvaṃ attano ca dhammānudhammappaṭipattiṃ tesaṃ
pavedento aññābyākaraṇavasena –
90.
‘‘Pañcakkhandhā pariññātā, tiṭṭhanti
chinnamūlakā;
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha pañcakkhandhā
pariññātāti mayā ime pañcupādānakkhandhā ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ,
na tato bhiyyo’’ti tīhi pariññāhi paricchinditvā ñātā viditā paṭividdhā. Tiṭṭhanti
chinnamūlakāti tathā pariññātattāyeva mūlabhūtassa samudayassa
sabbaso pahīnattā te idāni yāva carimakacittanirodho tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā,
carimakacittanirodhena pana appaṭisandhikāva nirujjhanti. Tenāha – ‘‘vikkhīṇo
jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Sāmidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Navamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Dasamavaggo
1. Paripuṇṇakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Natathā
mataṃ satarasanti āyasmato paripuṇṇakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro dhammadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute satthu cetiye pupphādīhi uḷāraṃ pūjaṃ akāsi.
So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto paripuṇṇavibhavatāya paripuṇṇakoti
paññāyittha. So vibhavasampannatāya sabbakālaṃ satarasaṃ nāma āhāraṃ
paribhuñjanto satthu missakāhāraparibhogaṃ sutvā ‘‘tāva sukhumālopi bhagavā
nibbānasukhaṃ apekkhitvā yathā tathā yāpeti, kasmā mayaṃ āhāragiddhā hutvā
āhārasuddhikā bhavissāma, nibbānasukhameva pana amhehi pariyesitabba’’nti
saṃsāre jātasaṃvego gharāvāsaṃ pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā bhagavatā
kāyagatāsatikammaṭṭhāne niyojito tattha patiṭṭhāya paṭiladdhajhānaṃ pādakaṃ
katvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.5-9) –
‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, dhammadassīnarāsabhe;
Āropesiṃ dhajatthambhaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa cetiye.
‘‘Nisseṇiṃ māpayitvāna, thūpaseṭṭhaṃ samāruhiṃ;
Jātipupphaṃ gahetvāna, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Aho buddho aho dhammo, aho no satthu
sampadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, thūpasīkhasanāmakā;
Soḷasāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā dhamme gāravabahumānena
pītivegavissaṭṭhaṃ udānaṃ udānento ‘‘na
tathā mataṃ satarasa’’nti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
91.
Tattha na tathā mataṃ
satarasaṃ, sudhannaṃ yaṃ mayajja paribhuttanti tathāti
tena pakārena. Matanti
abhimataṃ. Satarasanti
satarasabhojanaṃ ‘‘satarasabhojanaṃ nāma satapākasappiādīhi abhisaṅkhataṃ
bhojana’’nti vadanti. Atha vā anekattho satasaddo ‘‘sataso sahassaso’’tiādīsu
viya. Tasmā yaṃ bhojanaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ, taṃ anekarasatāya
‘‘satarasa’’nti vuccati, nānārasabhojananti attho. Sudhā eva annaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ
devānaṃ āhāro. Yaṃ
mayajja paribhuttanti yaṃ mayā ajja anubhuttaṃ. ‘‘Yaṃ mayā
paribhutta’’nti ca idaṃ ‘‘satarasaṃ sudhanna’’nti etthāpi yojetabbaṃ. Idaṃ
vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ mayā ajja etarahi nirodhasamāpattisamāpajjanavasena
phalasamāpattisamāpajjanavasena ca accantameva santaṃ paṇītaṃ nibbānasukhaṃ
paribhuñjiyamānaṃ, taṃ yathā mataṃ abhimataṃ sambhāvitaṃ tathā rājakāle mayā
paribhuttaṃ satarasabhojanaṃ devattabhāve paribhuttaṃ sudhannañca na mataṃ
nābhimataṃ. Kasmā? Idañhi ariyanisevitaṃ nirāmisaṃ kilesānaṃ avatthubhūtaṃ, taṃ
pana puthujjanasevitaṃ sāmisaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthubhūtaṃ, taṃ imassa saṅkhampi
kalampi kalabhāgampi na upetīti. Idāni ‘‘yaṃ mayajja paribhutta’’nti
vuttadhammaṃ desento aparimitadassinā
gotamena, buddhena sudesito dhammo’’ti āha. Tassattho – aparimitaṃ
aparicchinnaṃ uppādavayābhāvato santaṃ asaṅkhatadhātuṃ sayambhūñāṇena passī,
aparimitassa anantāparimeyyassa ñeyyassa dassāvīti tena aparimitadassinā gotamagottena
sammāsambuddhena ‘‘khayaṃ virāgaṃ amataṃ
paṇīta’’nti (khu. pā. 6.4; su. ni. 227) ca ‘‘madanimmadano pipāsavinayo’’ (a.
ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) ‘‘sabbasaṅkhārasamatho’’ti (a. ni. 5.140; 10.6) ca ādinā
suṭṭhu desito dhammo, nibbānaṃ
mayā ajja paribhuttanti yojanā.
Paripuṇṇakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Vijayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yassāsavāparikkhīṇāti
āyasmato vijayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
piyadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
satthari parinibbute tassa thūpassa ratanakhacitaṃ vedikaṃ kāretvā tattha uḷāraṃ
vedikāmahaṃ kāresi. So tena puññakammena
anekasate attabhāve maṇiobhāsena vicari. Evaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, vijayotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato tāpasapabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā araññāyatane jhānalābhī hutvā viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā
uppannappasādo satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ
nisīdi. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.10-14) –
‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, piyadassīnaruttame;
Pasannacitto sumano, muttāvedimakāsahaṃ.
‘‘Maṇīhi parivāretvā, akāsiṃ vedimuttamaṃ;
Vedikāya mahaṃ katvā, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Maṇī dhārenti ākāse, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Soḷasito kappasate, maṇippabhāsanāmakā;
Chattiṃsāsiṃsu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘yassāsavā
parikkhīṇā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi.
92.
Tattha yassāsavā
parikkhīṇāti yassa uttamapuggalassa kāmāsavādayo cattāro āsavā sabbaso
khīṇā ariyamaggena khepitā. Āhāre
ca anissitoti yo ca āhāre taṇhādiṭṭhinissayehi anissito agadhito
anajjhāpanno, nidassanamattaṃ, āhārasīsenettha cattāropi paccayā gahitāti
daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paccayapariyāyo vā idha āhāra-saddo veditabbo. ‘‘Suññato
animitto cā’’ti ettha appaṇihitavimokkhopi gahitoyeva, tīṇipi cetāni
nibbānasseva nāmāni. Nibbānañhi rāgādīnaṃ abhāvena suññaṃ, tehi vimuttañcāti
suññatavimokkho, tathā rāgādinimittābhāvena saṅkhāranimittābhāvena ca animittaṃ ,
tehi vimuttañcāti animittavimokkho, rāgādipaṇidhīnaṃ abhāvena appaṇihitaṃ, tehi
vimuttañcāti appaṇihito vimokkhoti vuccati. Phalasamāpattivasena taṃ ārammaṇaṃ
katvā viharantassa ayampi tividho vimokkho
yassa gocaro, ākāseva sakuntānaṃ, padaṃ tassa durannayanti yathā ākāse gacchantānaṃ
sakuṇānaṃ ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne pādehi akkamitvā gatā, idaṃ ṭhānaṃ urena paharitvā
gatā, idaṃ sīsena, idaṃ pakkhehī’’ti na sakkā ñātuṃ, evameva evarūpassa
bhikkhuno ‘‘nirayapadādīsu iminā nāma padena gato’’ti ñāpetuñca na sakkāti.
Vijayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Erakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Dukkhā kāmā erakāti āyasmato
erakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso satthu kiñci
dātabbayuttakaṃ alabhanto ‘‘handāhaṃ kāyasāraṃ puññaṃ karissāmī’’ti satthu
gamanamaggaṃ sodhetvā samaṃ akāsi. Satthā tena tathākataṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji .
So tattha bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha pasannacitto
yāva dassanupacārasamatikkamā buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto aṭṭhāsi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ sambhāvanīyassa kuṭumbiyassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, erakotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko itikattabbatāsu paramena veyyattiyena
samannāgato. Tassa mātāpitaro kulena rūpena ācārena vayena kosallena ca
anucchavikaṃ dārikaṃ ānetvā vivāhakammaṃ akaṃsu .
So tāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsena gehe vasanto pacchimabhavikattā kenacideva
saṃvegavatthunā saṃsāre saṃviggamānaso satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa satthā kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So kammaṭṭhānaṃ
gahetvā katipayadivasātikkamena ukkaṇṭhābhibhūto vihāsi. Atha satthā tassa
cittappavattiṃ ñatvā ovādavasena ‘‘dukkhā
kāmā erakā’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi. So taṃ sutvā ‘‘ayuttaṃ mayā kataṃ, yohaṃ
evarūpassa satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ vissajjento
micchāvitakkabahulo vihāsi’’nti saṃvegajāto vipassanāya yuttappayutto
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.32-36) –
‘‘Uttaritvāna nadikaṃ, vanaṃ gacchati cakkhumā;
Tamaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, siddhatthaṃ varalakkhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Kudālapiṭakamādāya , samaṃ katvāna taṃ
pathaṃ;
Satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, maggadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, eko āsiṃ janādhipo;
Nāmena suppabuddhoti, nāyako so narissaro.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahā pana hutvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
93.
‘‘Dukkhā kāmā eraka, na sukhā kāmā eraka;
Yo kāme kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so kāmayati eraka;
Yo kāme na kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so na kāmayati erakā’’ti. –
Tameva bhagavatā vuttagāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Tattha dukkhā kāmāti
ime vatthukāmakilesakāmā dukkhavatthutāya vipariṇāmadukkhasaṃsāradukkhasabhāvato
ca, dukkhā dukkhamā dukkhanibbattikā. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā
bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’’tiādi (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.234). Erakāti
paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavā taṃ ālapati, pacchā pana thero attānaṃ nāmena kathesi. Na
sukhā kāmāti kāmā nāmete jānantassa sukhā na honti, ajānantassa pana
sukhato upaṭṭhahanti. Yathāha – ‘‘yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi
sallato’’tiādi (saṃ. ni. 4.253; itivu. 53; theragā. 986). Yo
kāme kāmayati, dukkhaṃ so kāmayatīti yo satto kilesakāmena vatthukāme
kāmayati, tassa taṃ kāmanaṃ sampati sapariḷāhatāya ,
āyatiṃ apāyadukkhahetutāya ca vaṭṭadukkhahetutāya ca dukkhaṃ. Vatthukāmā pana
dukkhassa vatthubhūtā. Iti so dukkhasabhāvaṃ dukkhanimittaṃ dukkhavatthuñca
kāmayatīti vutto. Itaraṃ paṭipakkhavasena tamevatthaṃ ñāpetuṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā
tassattho vuttavipariyāyena veditabbo.
Erakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Mettajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Namohi
tassa bhagavatoti āyasmato mettajittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira
anomadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto sāsane
abhippasanno hutvā bodhirukkhassa iṭṭhakāhi vedikaṃ cinitvā sudhāparikammaṃ
kāresi. Satthā tassa anumodanaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
magadharaṭṭhe aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, mettajītissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
araññe viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā pubbahetunā codiyamāno satthu santikaṃ
gantvā pavattinivattiyo ārabbha pañhaṃ pucchitvā satthārā pañhe vissajjite
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.26-31) –
‘‘Anomadassīmunino, bodhivedimakāsahaṃ;
Sudhāya piṇḍaṃ datvāna, pāṇikammaṃ akāsahaṃ.
‘‘Disvā taṃ sukataṃ kammaṃ, anomadassī naruttamo;
Bhikkhusaṅghe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Iminā sudhakammena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, dukkhassantaṃ karissati.
‘‘Pasannamukhavaṇṇomhi, ekaggo susamāhito;
Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
‘‘Ito kappasate āsiṃ, paripuṇṇe anūnake;
Rājā sabbaghano nāma, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ thomento –
94.
‘‘Namo hi tassa bhagavato, sakyaputtassa sirīmato;
Tenāyaṃ aggappattena, aggadhammo sudesito’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha namoti
namakkāro. Hīti
nipātamattaṃ. Tassāti
yo so bhagavā samattiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese
bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, sakyarājassa puttoti sakyaputto.
Anaññasādhāraṇāya puññasampattiyā ca sambhāvito uttamāya rūpakāyasiriyā
dhammakāyasiriyā ca samannāgatattā sirīmā, tassa
bhagavato sakyaputtassa sirīmato namo atthu, taṃ namāmīti attho. Tenāti
tena bhagavatā. Ayanti
tassa dhammassa attano paccakkhatāya vadati. Aggappattenāti
aggaṃ sabbaññutaṃ, sabbehi vā guṇehi aggabhāvaṃ seṭṭhabhāvaṃ pattena. Aggadhammoti
aggo uttamo navavidhalokuttaro dhammo suṭṭhu aviparītaṃ desito paveditoti.
Mettajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Cakkhupālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Andhohaṃ hatanettosmīti
āyasmato cakkhupālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavati parinibbute thūpamahe kayiramāne umāpupphaṃ
gahetvā thūpaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
mahāsuvaṇṇassa nāma kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatti, tassa pāloti
nāmamakaṃsu. Mātā tassa ādhāvitvā paridhāvitvā vicaraṇakāle aññaṃ puttaṃ labhi.
Tassa mātāpitaro cūḷapāloti
nāmaṃ katvā itaraṃ mahāpāloti
vohariṃsu. Atha te vayappatte gharabandhanena bandhiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye satthā
sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane. Tattha mahāpālo jetavanaṃ gacchantehi upāsakehi
saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
kuṭumbabhāraṃ kaniṭṭhabhātikasseva bhāraṃ katvā sayaṃ pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado
ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ santike pañcavassāni
vasitvā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā saṭṭhimatte sahāyabhikkhū
labhitvā tehi saddhiṃ bhāvanānukūlaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pariyesanto aññataraṃ
paccantagāmaṃ nissāya gāmavāsikehi upāsakehi kāretvā dinnāya araññāyatane
paṇṇasālāya vasanto samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tassa akkhirogo uppanno. Vejjo
bhesajjaṃ sampādetvā adāsi. So vejjena vuttavidhānaṃ na paṭipajji. Tenassa rogo
vaḍḍhi. So ‘‘akkhirogavūpasamanato kilesarogavūpasamanameva mayhaṃ vara’’nti
akkhirogaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā vipassanāyayeva yuttappayutto ahosi. Tassa bhāvanaṃ
ussukkāpentassa apubbaṃ acarimaṃ akkhīni ceva kilesā ca bhijjiṃsu. So
sukkhavipassako arahā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.21-25) –
‘‘Nibbute lokamahite, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahe;
Siddhatthamhi bhagavati, mahāthūpamaho ahu.
‘‘Mahe pavattamānamhi, siddhatthassa mahesino;
Umāpupphaṃ gahetvāna, thūpamhi abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, somadevasanāmakā;
Pañcāsītisu rājāno, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Atha there akkhirogena vihāre ohīne gāmaṃ piṇḍāya gate bhikkhū disvā upāsakā
‘‘kasmā thero nāgato’’ti pucchitvā tamatthaṃ sutvā sokābhibhūtā piṇḍapātaṃ
upanetvā, ‘‘bhante, kiñci mā cintayittha, idāni mayameva piṇḍapātaṃ ānetvā
upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti tathā karonti. Bhikkhū therassa ovāde ṭhatvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ patvā vuṭṭhavassā pavāretvā, ‘‘satthāraṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ gamissāma,
bhante’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero, ‘‘ahaṃ dubbalo acakkhuko, maggo ca saupaddavo, mayā
saddhiṃ gacchantānaṃ tumhākaṃ parissayo bhavissati, tumhe paṭhamaṃ gacchatha,
gantvā satthāraṃ mahāthere ca mama vandanāya vandatha, cūḷapālassa mama pavattiṃ
kathetvā kañci purisaṃ peseyyāthā’’ti āha. Te punapi yācitvā gamanaṃ alabhantā
‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā upāsake āpucchitvā anukkamena
jetavanaṃ gantvā satthāraṃ mahāthere ca tassa vandanāya vanditvā dutiyadivase
sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā cūḷapālassa taṃ
pavattiṃ vatvā tena ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, mayhaṃ bhāgineyyo pālito nāma, imaṃ
pesissāmī’’ti vutte, ‘‘maggo saparissayo, na sakkā ekena gahaṭṭhena gantuṃ,
tasmā pabbājetabbo’’ti taṃ pabbājetvā pesesuṃ. So anukkamena therassa santikaṃ
gantvā attānaṃ tassa orocetvā taṃ gahetvā āgacchanto antarāmagge aññatarassa
gāmassa sāmantā araññaṭṭhāne ekissā kaṭṭhahāriyā gāyantiyā saddaṃ sutvā
paṭibaddhacitto hutvā yaṭṭhikoṭiṃ vissajjetvā ‘‘tiṭṭhatha, bhante, muhuttaṃ
yāvāhaṃ āgacchāmī’’ti vatvā tassā santikaṃ gantvā tattha sīlavipattiṃ pāpuṇi.
Thero idānimeva itthiyā gītasaddo suto, sāmaṇero ca cirāyati, nūna sīlavipattiṃ
patto bhavissatī’’ti cintesi. Sopi āgantvā ‘‘gacchāma, bhante’’ti āha. Thero
‘‘kiṃ pāpo jātosī’’ti pucchi. Sāmaṇero tuṇhī hutvā puna pucchitopi na kathesi.
Thero ‘‘tādisena pāpena mayhaṃ yaṭṭhigahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, gaccha tva’’nti vatvā
puna tena ‘‘bahuparissayo maggo, tumhe ca
andhā, kathaṃ gamissathā’’ti vutte ‘‘bāla idheva me nipajjitvā marantassāpi
aparāparaṃ parivattentassāpi tādisena gamanaṃ nāma natthī’’ti imamatthaṃ
dassento –
95.
‘‘Andhohaṃ hatanettosmi, kantāraddhānapakkhando;
Sayamānopi gacchissaṃ, na sahāyena pāpenā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsittha;
Tattha andhoti
cakkhuvikalo. Hatanettoti
vinaṭṭhacakkhuko, tena ‘‘payogavipattivasenāhaṃ upahatanettatāya andho, na
jaccandhabhāvenā’’ti yathāvuttaṃ andhabhāvaṃ viseseti. Atha vā ‘‘andho’’ti idaṃ
‘‘andhe jiṇṇe mātāpitaro posetī’’tiādīsu (ma.
ni. 2.288) viya maṃsacakkhuvekalladīpanaṃ, ‘‘sabbepime paribbājakā andhā
acakkhukā’’ (udā. 54) ‘‘andho ekacakkhu dvicakkhū’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.29) viya na
paññācakkhuvekalladīpananti dassetuṃ ‘‘hatanettosmī’’ti
vuttaṃ, tena mukhyameva andhabhāvaṃ dasseti. Kantāraddhānapakkhandoti kantāre
vivane dīghamaggaṃ anupaviṭṭho, na jātikantārādigahanaṃ saṃsāraddhānaṃ
paṭipannoti adhippāyo. Tādisañhi kantāraddhānaṃ ayaṃ thero samatikkamitvā ṭhito, sayamānopīti
sayantopi, pādesu avahantesu urena jaṇṇukāhi ca bhūmiyaṃ saṃsaranto
parivattentopi gaccheyyaṃ. Na
sahāyena pāpenāti tādisena pāpapuggalena sahāyabhūtena saddhiṃ na
gacchissanti yojanā. Taṃ sutvā itaro saṃvegajāto ‘‘bhāriyaṃ vata mayā
sāhasikakammaṃ kata’’nti bāhā paggayha kandanto vanasaṇḍaṃ pakkhando ca ahosi.
Atha therassa sīlatejena paṇḍukambalasilāsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. Tena sakko taṃ
kāraṇaṃ ñatvā therassa santikaṃ gantvā sāvatthigāmipurisaṃ viya attānaṃ ñāpetvā
yaṭṭhikoṭiṃ gaṇhanto maggaṃ saṅkhipitvā tadaheva sāyanhe sāvatthiyaṃ theraṃ
netvā tattha jetavane cūḷapālitena kāritāya paṇṇasālāya phalake nisīdāpetvā
tassa sahāyavaṇṇena therassa āgatabhāvaṃ jānāpetvā pakkāmi; cūḷapālitopi taṃ
yāvajīvaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhāsīti.
Cakkhupālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Khaṇḍasumanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ekapupphaṃcajitvānāti
āyasmato khaṇḍasumanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute tassa
thūpassa samantato candanavedikāya parikkhipitvā mahantaṃ pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu uḷāraṃ sampattiṃ anubhavanto kassapassa bhagavato
kāle kuṭumbikakule nibbatto satthari
parinibbute kanakathūpaṃ uddissa raññā pupphapūjāya kayiramānāya pupphāni
alabhanto ekaṃ khaṇḍasumanapupphaṃ disvā mahatā mūlena taṃ
kiṇitvā gaṇhanto cetiye pūjaṃ karonto uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppādesi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā asīti vassakoṭiyo saggasukhaṃ anubhavitvā
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pāvāyaṃ mallarājakule nibbatti. Tassa jātakāle gehe
khaṇḍasakkharā sumanapupphāni ca uppannāni ahesuṃ. Tenassa khaṇḍasumanoti
nāmamakaṃsu. So viññutaṃ patto bhagavati pāvāyaṃ cundassa ambavane viharante
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ
karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.15-20) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Jalitvā aggikkhandhova, sambuddho parinibbuto.
‘‘Nibbute ca mahāvīre, thūpo vitthāriko ahu;
Dūratova upaṭṭhenti, dhātugehavaruttame.
‘‘Pasannacitto, sumano, akaṃ candanavedikaṃ;
Dissati thūpakhandho ca, thūpānucchaviko tadā.
‘‘Bhave nibbattamānamhi, devatte atha mānuse;
Omattaṃ me na passāmi, pubbakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Pañcadasakappasate, ito aṭṭha janā ahuṃ;
Sabbe samattanāmā te cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano purimajātiṃ anussaranto tattha attano
sumanapupphapariccāgassa saggasampattinimittakaṃ nibbānūpanissayatañca disvā
udānavasena tamatthaṃ pakāsento –
96.
‘‘Ekapupphaṃ cajitvāna, asīti vassakoṭiyo;
Saggesu paricāretvā, sesakenamhi nibbuto’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ekapupphanti
ekaṃ kusumaṃ, taṃ pana idha sumanapupphaṃ adhippetaṃ. Cajitvānāti
satthu thūpapūjākaraṇavasena pariccajitvā pariccāgahetu. Asīti
vassakoṭiyoti manussagaṇanāya vassānaṃ asīti koṭiyo, accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ
upayogavacanaṃ, idañca chasu kāmasaggesu dutiye aparāparuppattivasena vuttanti
veditabbaṃ. Tasmā saggesūti
tāvatiṃsasaṅkhāte saggaloke, punappunaṃ uppajjanavasena hettha bahuvacanaṃ. Paricāretvāti
rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu indriyāni paricāretvā sukhaṃ anubhavitvā, devaccharāhi vā
attānaṃ paricāretvā upaṭṭhāpetvā. Sesakenamhi
nibbutoti pupphapūjāya vasena pavattakusalacetanāsu bhavasampatti
dāyakakammato sesena yaṃ tattha vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūtaṃ, taṃ sandhāya vadati.
Bahū hi tattha pubbāparavasena pavattā cetanā. Sesakenāti
vā tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena aparikkhīṇeyeva tasmiṃ kammavipāke nibbuto
amhi, kilesaparinibbānena parinibbutosmi. Etena yasmiṃ attabhāve ṭhatvā attanā
arahattaṃ sacchikataṃ, sopi carimattabhāvo tassa kammavipākoti dasseti. Yādisaṃ
sandhāya aññatthāpi ‘‘tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesenā’’ti (pārā. 228; saṃ. ni.
1.131) vuttaṃ.
Khaṇḍasumanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Hitvā satapalaṃ kaṃsanti
āyasmato tissattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
vipassissa bhagavato kāle yānakārakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso candanakhaṇḍena phalakaṃ katvā bhagavato
upanāmesi, tañca bhagavā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
roruvanagare rājakule nibbatti. So vayappatto pitari kālaṅkate rajje patiṭṭhito
bimbisārarañño adiṭṭhasahāyo hutvā tassa maṇimuttāvatthādīni paṇṇākārāni pesesi.
Tassa rājā bimbisāro puññavantataṃ sutvā
paṭipābhataṃ pesento cittapaṭe buddhacaritaṃ suvaṇṇapaṭṭe
ca paṭiccasamuppādaṃ likhāpetvā pesesi. So taṃ disvā purimabuddhesu
katādhikāratāya pacchimabhavikatāya ca cittapaṭe dassentaṃ buddhacaritaṃ
suvaṇṇapaṭṭake likhitaṃ paṭiccasamuppādakkamañca oloketvā pavattinivattiyo
sallakkhetvā sāsanakkamaṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā sañjātasaṃvego ‘‘diṭṭho mayā bhagavato
veso, sāsanakkamo ca ekapadesena ñāto, bahudukkhā kāmā bahupāyāsā, kiṃ dāni
mayhaṃ gharāvāsenā’’ti rajjaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni
acchādento bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitvā mattikāpattaṃ gahetvā rājā pukkusāti
viya mahājanassa paridevantasseva nagarato nikkhamitvā anukkamena rājagahaṃ
gantvā tattha sappasoṇḍikapabbhāre viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā
ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammadesanaṃ sutvā vipassanāya
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā yuttappayutto viharanto vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.37-42) –
‘‘Yānakāro pure āsiṃ, dārukamme susikkhito;
Candanaṃ phalakaṃ katvā, adāsiṃ lokabandhuno.
‘‘Pabhāsati idaṃ byamhaṃ, suvaṇṇassa sunimmitaṃ;
Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, dibbayānaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ.
‘‘Pāsādā sivikā ceva, nibbattanti yadicchakaṃ;
Akkhubbhaṃ ratanaṃ mayhaṃ, phalakassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, phalakaṃ yamahaṃ dadiṃ;
Duggati nābhijānāmi, phalakassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattapaññāsakappamhi, caturo nimmitāvhayā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā udānavasena attano paṭipattiṃ kathento –
97.
‘‘Hitvā satapalaṃ kaṃsaṃ, sovaṇṇaṃ
satarājikaṃ;
Aggahiṃ mattikāpattaṃ, idaṃ dutiyābhisecana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha hitvāti
pariccajitvā. Satapalanti
sataṃ palāni yassa, taṃ satapalaparimāṇaṃ. Kaṃsanti
thālaṃ. Sovaṇṇanti
suvaṇṇamayaṃ. Satarājikanti
bhittivicittatāya ca anekarūparājicittatāya ca anekalekhāyuttaṃ. Aggahiṃ
mattikāpattanti evarūpe mahārahe bhājane pubbe bhuñjitvā
buddhānaṃ ovādaṃ karonto ‘‘idānāhaṃ taṃ chaḍḍetvā mattikāmayapattaṃ aggahesiṃ ,
aho, sādhu, mayā kataṃ ariyavataṃ anuṭhita’’nti bhājanakittanāpadesena
rajjapariccāgaṃ pabbajjūpagamanañca anumodanto vadati. Tenāha ‘‘idaṃ
dutiyābhisecana’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ rajjābhisecanaṃ upādāya idaṃ
pabbajjūpagamanaṃ mama dutiyaṃ abhisecanaṃ. Tañhi rāgādīhi saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sāsaṅkaṃ
saparisaṅkaṃ kammaṃ anatthasañhitaṃ dukkhapaṭibaddhaṃ nihīnaṃ, idaṃ pana
taṃvipariyāyato uttamaṃ paṇītanti adhippāyo.
Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhāti
āyasmato abhayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato
kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sumedhaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannacitto saḷalapupphehi pūjamakāsi. So tena puññakammena devesu nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā abhayoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno ekadivasaṃ vihāraṃ gato
satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto viharati. Athassa ekadivasaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya
paviṭṭhassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ mātugāmaṃ disvā ayonisomanasikāravasena tassa
rūpaṃ ārabbha chandarāgo uppajji, so vihāraṃ pavisitvā ‘‘satiṃ vissajjitvā
olokentassa rūpārammaṇe mayhaṃ kileso uppanno, ayuttaṃ mayā kata’’nti attano
cittaṃ niggaṇhanto tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.43-47) –
‘‘Sumedho nāma nāmena, sayambhū aparājito;
Vivekamanubrūhanto, ajjhogahi mahāvanaṃ.
‘‘Saḷalaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ganthitvāna vaṭaṃsakaṃ;
Buddhassa abhiropesiṃ, sammukhā lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ūnavīse kappasate, soḷasāsuṃ sunimmitā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano kilesuppattinidassanena ‘‘kilese anuvattentassa
vaṭṭadukkhato nattheva sīsukkhipanaṃ. Ahaṃ pana te nānuvatti’’nti dassento –
98.
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto;
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati;
Tassa vaḍḍhanti āsavā, bhavamūlopagāmino’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha rūpanti
rajjanīyaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, taṃ panettha itthirūpaṃ adhippetaṃ. Disvāti
cakkhunā disvā, cakkhudvārānusārena nimittānubyañjanasallakkhaṇavasena taṃ
gahetvā, tassa tathāgahaṇahetūti attho. Sati
muṭṭhāti asubhasabhāve kāye ‘‘asubha’’ntveva pavattanasati naṭṭhā. Yathā
pana rūpaṃ disvā sati naṭṭhā, taṃ dassento āha ‘‘piyaṃ
nimittaṃ manasikaroto’’ti. Yathāupaṭṭhitaṃ ārammaṇaṃ ‘‘subhaṃ
sukha’’ntiādinā piyanimittaṃ katvā ayonisomanasikārena
manasikaroto sati muṭṭhāti yojanā. Tathā bhūtova sārattacitto
vedetīti suṭṭhu rattacitto hutvā taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ anubhavati abhinandati,
abhinandanto pana tañca
ajjhosa tiṭṭhati ajjhosāya taṃ ārammaṇaṃ gilitvā
pariniṭṭhapetvā vattati ceva, evaṃbhūtassa ca tassa
vaḍḍhanti āsavā bhavamūlopagāminoti bhavassa saṃsārassa mūlabhāvaṃ
kāraṇabhāvaṃ upagamanasabhāvā kāmāsavādayo cattāropi āsavā tassa puggalassa
uparūpari vaḍḍhantiyeva, na hāyanti. Mayhaṃ pana paṭisaṅkhāne ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā saccāni paṭivijjhantassa maggapaṭipāṭiyā te cattāropi āsavā
anavasesato pahīnā parikkhīṇāti adhippāyo.
Abhayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saddaṃsutvā
sati muṭṭhāti āyasmato uttiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto
gonakādiatthataṃ sauttaracchadaṃ buddhārahaṃ pallaṅkaṃ gandhakuṭiyaṃ paññāpetvā
adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule nibbatti, tassa uttiyoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ekadivasaṃ nāmaṃ piṇḍāya
paviṭṭho antarāmagge mātugāmassa gītasaddaṃ sutvā ayonisomanasikāravasena tattha
chandarāge uppanne paṭisaṅkhānabalena taṃ vikkhambhetvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā
sañjātasaṃvego divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.15.48-52) –
‘‘Sumedhassa bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;
Pallaṅko hi mayā dinno, sauttarasapacchado.
‘‘Sattaratanasampanno, pallaṅko āsi so tadā;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, nibbattati sadā mama.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, pallaṅkamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pallaṅkassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Vīsakappasahassamhi, suvaṇṇābhā tayo janā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano kilesuppattinidassanena ‘‘kilese ajigucchantassa
natthi vaṭṭadukkhato sīsukkhipanaṃ, ahaṃ pana te jigucchimevā’’ti dassento –
99.
‘‘Saddaṃ sutvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto;
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati;
Tassa vaḍḍhanti āsavā, saṃsāra upagāmino’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha saddanti
rajjanīyaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ, saṃsāraupagāminoti
–
‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;
Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. –
Evaṃ vuttasaṃsāravaṭṭakāraṇaṃ
hutvā upagamentīti saṃsāraupagāmino, ‘‘saṃsārūpagāmino’’ti vā pāṭho. Sesaṃ
anantaragāthāya vuttanayameva.
Uttiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. (Dutiya) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sammappadhānasampannoti āyasmato
devasabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso bandhujīvakapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sakyarājakule
nibbatti, tassa devasabhoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto cumbaṭakalahavūpasamanatthaṃ satthari āgate
buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā pasannamānaso saraṇesu patiṭṭhito puna nigrodhārāme
satthari viharante satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
katapubbakicco vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.1-6) –
‘‘Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;
Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ loke visattikaṃ.
‘‘Nibbāpayantaṃ janataṃ, tiṇṇaṃ tārayataṃ varaṃ;
Muniṃ vanamhi jhāyantaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
‘‘Bandhujīvakapupphāni, lagetvā suttakenahaṃ;
Buddhassa abhiropayiṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito sattamake kappe, manujindo mahāyaso;
Samantacakkhunāmāsi, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā adhigataṃ
vimuttisukhaṃ nissāya uppannapītisomanasso udānavasena –
100.
‘‘Sammappadhānasampanno , satipaṭṭhānagocaro;
Vimuttikusumasañchanno, parinibbissatyanāsavo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sammappadhānasampannoti
sampannacatubbidhasammappadhāno, tehi kattabbakiccaṃ sampādetvā ṭhitoti attho. Satipaṭṭhānagocaroti
kāyānupassanādayo satipaṭṭhānā gocaro pavattiṭṭhānaṃ
etassāti satipaṭṭhānagocaro, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu patiṭṭhitacittoti attho.
Guṇasobhena paramasugandhā vimuttiyeva kusumāni, tehi sabbaso sammadeva
sañchanno vibhūsito alaṅkatoti vimuttikusumasañchanno.
Parinibbissatyanāsavoti evaṃ sammā paṭipajjanto bhikkhu nacirasseva
anāsavo hutvā parinibbissati saupādisesāya anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyāti
attho. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
(Dutiya) devasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
11. Ekādasamavaggo
1. Belaṭṭhānikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Hitvāgihittaṃ
anavositattotiādikā āyasmato belaṭṭhānikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?
Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro ito ekatiṃse kappe vessabhussa bhagavato kāle
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā gharāvāsaṃ
pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā isīhi parivuto vicaranto ekadivasaṃ vessabhuṃ
bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto satthu ñāṇasampattiṃ nissāya pasannamānaso
ñāṇaṃ uddissa pupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā belaṭṭhānikoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto satthu
dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā
kosalaraṭṭhe araññe viharanto alaso kāyadaḷhibahulo pharusavāco ahosi,
samaṇadhamme cittaṃ na uppādesi. Atha naṃ bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā –
101.
‘‘Hitvā gihittaṃ anavositatto, mukhanaṅgalī odariko kusīto;
Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. –
Imāya obhāsagāthāya saṃvejesi. So satthāraṃ
purato nisinnaṃ viya disvā tañca gāthaṃ sutvā saṃvegajāto ñāṇassa paripākaṃ
gatattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.14.41-46) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;
Obhāsentaṃ disā sabbā, osadhiṃ viya tārakaṃ.
‘‘Tayo māṇavakā āsuṃ, sake sippe susikkhitā;
Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, anventi mama pacchato.
‘‘Puṭake satta pupphāni, nikkhittāni tapassinā;
Gahetvā tāni ñāṇamhi, vessabhussābhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ñāṇapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekūnatiṃsakappamhi, vipulābhasanāmako;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu ovādaṃ paṭipūjento byatirekamukhena ca aññaṃ
byākaronto tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi.
Tattha hitvā
gihittanti gahaṭṭhabhāvaṃ pariccajitvā pabbajitvāti attho. Anavositattoti
anurūpaṃ avositatto, yadatthaṃ sāsane pabbajantassa anurūpapariññādīnaṃ
atīritattā apariyositabhāvo akatakaraṇīyoti attho. Atha vā anavositattoti
anuavositasabhāvo, visuddhīnaṃ maggānañca anupaṭipāṭiyā vasitabbavāsassa
akatāvī, dasasu ariyavāsesu avusitavāti attho. Mukhasaṅkhātaṃ naṅgalaṃ imassa
atthīti mukhanaṅgalī.
Naṅgalena viya pathaviṃ paresu pharusavācappayogena attānaṃ khanantoti attho. Odarikoti
udare pasuto udaraposanatapparo. Kusītoti
alaso, bhāvanaṃ ananuyuñjanto. Evaṃbhūtassa nipphattiṃ dassento āha ‘‘mahāvarāhova
nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti. Tassattho heṭṭhā
vuttoyeva. Ettha ca yathā pabbajitvā anavositādisabhāvatāya punappunaṃ
gabbhamupeti mando, na evaṃ mādiso paṇḍito. Tabbiparītasabhāvatāya pana
sammāpaṭipattiyā matthakaṃ pāpitattā parinibbāyatīti byatirekamukhena aññaṃ
byākāsīti daṭṭhabbanti.
Belaṭṭhānikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Setucchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Mānenavañcitāseti
āyasmato setucchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto tissassa
sammāsambuddhassa kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ tissaṃ
bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sumadhuraṃ panasaphalaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ
nāḷikerasāḷavaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarassa maṇḍalikarañño putto
hutvā nibbatti, setucchotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So pitari mate rajje patiṭṭhito ussāhasattīnaṃ abhāvena rājakiccāni
virādhento rajjaṃ parahatthagataṃ katvā dukkhappattiyā saṃvegajāto
janapadacārikaṃ carantaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā parikammaṃ karonto
tadaheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.17.13-17) –
‘‘Tissassa kho bhagavato, pubbe phalamadāsahaṃ;
Nāḷikerañca pādāsiṃ, khajjakaṃ abhisammataṃ.
‘‘Buddhassa tamahaṃ datvā, tissassa tu mahesino;
Modāmahaṃ kāmakāmī, upapajjiṃ yamicchakaṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, rājā indasamo ahu;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā kilese garahanto –
102.
‘‘Mānena vañcitāse, saṅkhāresu saṃkilissamānāse;
Lābhālābhena mathitā, samādhiṃ nādhigacchantī’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha mānena
vañcitāseti ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’tiādinayappavattena mānena
attukkaṃsanaparavambhanādivasena kusalabhaṇḍacchedanena vippaladdhā. Saṅkhāresu
saṃkilissamānāseti ajjhattikabāhiresu cakkhādīsu ceva rūpādīsu ca
saṅkhatadhammesu saṃkilissamānā, ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti
taṃnimittaṃ taṇhāgāhādivasena saṃkilesaṃ āpajjamānā. Lābhālābhena
mathitāti pattacīvarādīnañceva vatthādīnañca
lābhena tesaṃyeva ca alābhena taṃnimittaṃ uppannehi anunayapaṭighehi mathitā
madditā abhibhūtā. Nidassanamattañcetaṃ avasiṭṭhalokadhammānampettha saṅgaho
daṭṭhabbo. Samādhiṃ
nādhigacchantīti te evarūpā puggalā samādhiṃ samathavipassanāvasena
cittekaggataṃ kadācipi na vindanti na paṭilabhanti na pāpuṇanti
samādhisaṃvattanikānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhāvato, itaresañca bhāvato. Idhāpi yathā
mānādīhi abhibhūtā aviddasuno samādhiṃ nādhigacchanti,
na evaṃ viddasuno. Te pana mādisā tehi anabhibhūtā samādhiṃ adhigacchantevāti
byatirekamukhena aññābyākaraṇanti veditabbaṃ.
Setucchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Bandhurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nāhaṃ etena atthikoti
āyasmato bandhurattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle aññatarassa rañño antepure gopako hutvā ekadivasaṃ
bhagavantaṃ saparisaṃ rājaṅgaṇena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto kaṇaverapupphāni
gahetvā sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sīlavatīnagare
seṭṭhiputto hutvā nibbatti, bandhurotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiyaṃ gato upāsakehi
saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
ñāṇassa paripākattā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.17.7-12) –
‘‘Siddhattho nāma bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Purakkhato sāvakehi, nagaraṃ paṭipajjatha.
‘‘Rañño antepure āsiṃ, gopako abhisammato;
Pāsāde upaviṭṭhohaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Kaṇaveraṃ gahetvāna, bhikkhusaṅghe samokiriṃ;
Buddhassa visuṃ katvāna, tato bhiyyo samokiriṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sattāsītimhito kappe, caturāsuṃ mahiddhikā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā kataññubhāve ṭhatvā attano upakārassa rañño paccupakāraṃ
kātuṃ sīlavatīnagaraṃ gantvā rañño dhammaṃ
desento saccāni pakāsesi. Rājā saccapariyosāne sotāpanno hutvā
attano nagare sudassanaṃ nāma mahantaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā therassa niyyātesi.
Mahālābhasakkāro ahosi. Thero vihāraṃ sabbañca lābhasakkāraṃ saṅghassa
niyyātetvā sayaṃ purimaniyāmeneva piṇḍāya caritvā yāpento katipāhaṃ tattha
vasitvā sāvatthiṃ gantukāmo ahosi. Bhikkhū, ‘‘bhante, tumhe idheva vasatha, sace
paccayehi vekallaṃ, mayaṃ taṃ paripūressāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. Thero, ‘‘na mayhaṃ,
āvuso, uḷārehi paccayehi attho atthi, itarītarehi paccayehi yāpemi,
dhammarasenevamhi titto’’ti dassento –
103.
‘‘Nāhaṃ etena atthiko, sukhito dhammarasena tappito;
Pitvā rasaggamuttamaṃ, na ca kāhāmi visena santhava’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha nāhaṃ etena
atthikoti yena maṃ tumhe tappetukāmā ‘‘paripūressāmā’’ti vadatha, etena
āmisalābhena paccayāmisarasena nāhaṃ atthiko, mayhaṃ etena attho natthi,
santuṭṭhi paramaṃ sukhanti itarītareheva paccayehi yāpemīti attho. Idāni tena
anatthikabhāve padhānakāraṇaṃ dassento āha ‘‘sukhito
dhammarasena tappito’’ti. Sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammarasena ceva
navavidhalokuttaradhammarasena ca tappito pīṇito sukhito uttamena sukhena
suhitoti attho. Pitvā
rasaggamuttamanti sabbarasesu aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tatoyeva uttamaṃ yathāvuttaṃ
dhammarasaṃ pivitvā ṭhito, tenāha – ‘‘sabbarasaṃ dhammaraso jinātī’’ti (dha. pa.
354). Na ca kāhāmi
visena santhavanti evarūpaṃ rasuttamaṃ dhammarasaṃ
pivitvā ṭhito visena visasadisena visarasena santhavaṃ saṃsaggaṃ na karissāmi,
tathākaraṇassa kāraṇaṃ natthīti attho.
Bandhurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Khitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Lahukovata
me kāyoti āyasmato khitakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle yakkhasenāpati hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ yakkhasamāgame nisinno
satthāraṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ
vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā uḷāraṃ
pītisomanassaṃ pavedento apphoṭento uṭṭhahitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ
katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, khitakotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto mahāmoggallānattherassa mahiddhikabhāvaṃ sutvā
‘‘iddhimā bhavissāmī’’ti pubbahetunā codiyamāno pabbajitvā bhagavato santike
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.17.1-6) –
‘‘Padumo nāma nāmena, dvipadindo narāsabho;
Pavanā abhinikkhamma, dhammaṃ deseti cakkhumā.
‘‘Yakkhānaṃ samayo āsi, avidūre mahesino;
Yena kiccena sampattā, ajjhāpekkhiṃsu tāvade.
‘‘Buddhassa giramaññāya, amatassa ca desanaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, apphoṭetvā upaṭṭhahiṃ.
‘‘Suciṇṇassa phalaṃ passa, upaṭṭhānassa satthuno;
Tiṃsakappasahassesu, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Ūnatiṃse kappasate, samalaṅkatanāmako;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā savisesaṃ iddhīsu vasībhāvena anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ
paccanubhonto iddhipāṭihāriyena anusāsanīpāṭihāriyena ca sattānaṃ anuggahaṃ
karonto viharati. So bhikkhūhi, ‘‘kathaṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, iddhi vaḷañjesī’’ti puṭṭho
tamatthaṃ ācikkhanto –
104.
‘‘Lahuko vata me kāyo, phuṭṭho ca pītisukhena vipulena;
Tūlamiva eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi. ‘‘Udānavasenā’’tipi vadantiyeva.
Tattha lahuko vata me
kāyoti nīvaraṇādivikkhambhanena cuddasavidhena cittaparidamanena
caturiddhipādakabhāvanāya suṭṭhu ciṇṇavasībhāvena ca me rūpakāyo sallahuko vata,
yena dandhaṃ mahābhūtapaccayampi nāma imaṃ karajakāyaṃ cittavasena
pariṇāmemīti adhippāyo. Phuṭṭho
ca pītisukhenavipulenāti
sabbatthakameva pharantena mahatā uḷārena pītisahitena sukhena phuṭṭho ca me
kāyoti yojanā. Idañca yathā kāyo lahuko ahosi, taṃ dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ.
Sukhasaññokkamanena hi saddhiṃyeva lahusaññokkamanaṃ hoti. Sukhassa
pharaṇañcettha taṃsamuṭṭhānarūpavasena daṭṭhabbaṃ kathaṃ pana
catutthajjhānasamaṅgino pītisukhapharaṇaṃ, samatikkantapītisukhañhi tanti ce?
Saccametaṃ, idaṃ pana na catutthajjhānalakkhaṇavasena vuttaṃ, atha kho
pubbabhāgavasena. ‘‘Pītisukhenā’’ti pana pītisahitasadisena sukhena, upekkhā hi
idha santasabhāvatāya ñāṇavisesayogato ca sukhanti adhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ
‘‘sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.101).
Pādakajjhānārammaṇena rūpakāyārammaṇena vā iddhicittena sahajātaṃ sukhasaññañca
lahusaññañca okkamati pavisati phusati sampāpuṇātīti ayampi
tattha attho. Tathā cāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.3.12) – ‘‘sukhasaññā
nāma upekkhāsampayuttā saññā. Upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttaṃ sāyeva saññā
nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādipaccanīkehi ca vimuttattā lahusaññātipi veditabbā. Taṃ
okkantassa panassa karajakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ
vātakkhittatūlapicuno viya sallahukena dissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ
gacchatī’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘tūlamiva
eritaṃ mālutena, pilavatīva me kāyo’’ti. Tassattho – yadāhaṃ brahmalokaṃ
aññaṃ vā iddhiyā gantukāmo homi, tadā mālutena vāyunā eritaṃ cittaṃ tūlapicu
viya ākāsaṃ laṅghantoyeva me kāyo hotīti.
Khitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Malitavambhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ukkaṇṭhitoti āyasmato
malitavambhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
himavantato avidūre aññatarasmiṃ jātassare sakuṇo hutvā nibbatti, padumuttaro
bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhanto tattha gantvā jātassaratīre caṅkamati. Sakuṇo
bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso sare kumudāni gahetvā bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kurukacchanagare
aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, malitavambhotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto pacchābhūmahātheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa santike
dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto viharati.
Tassa ca ayaṃ sabhāvo, yattha bhojanasappāyo dullabho, itare sulabhā, tato na
pakkamati. Yattha pana bhojanasappāyo sulabho, itare dullabhā, tattha na vasati
pakkamateva. Evaṃ viharanto ca
hetusampannatāya mahāpurisajātikatāya ca nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.51-57) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre , mahājātassaro ahu;
Padumuppalasañchanno, puṇḍarīkasamotthaṭo.
‘‘Kukuttho nāma nāmena, tatthāsiṃ sakuṇo tadā;
Sīlavā buddhisampanno, puññāpuññesu kovido.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Jātassarassāvidūre, sañcarittha mahāmuni.
‘‘Jalajaṃ kumudaṃ chetvā, upanesiṃ mahesino;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, paṭiggahi mahāmuni.
‘‘Tañca dānaṃ daditvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Kappānaṃ satasahassaṃ, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Soḷaseto kappasate, āsuṃ varuṇanāmakā;
Aṭṭha ete janādhipā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānento –
105.
‘‘Ukkaṇṭhitopi na vase, ramamānopi pakkame;
Na tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi na
vaseti yasmiṃ āvāse vasantassa me bhojanasappāyālābhena adhikusalesu
dhammesu ukkaṇṭhā anabhirati uppajjati, tattha ukkaṇṭhitopi vasāmiyeva
itarasappāyalābhena na pakkame na pakkamāmi. Na
vaseti ettha na-kārenapi pakkametipadaṃ sambandhitabbaṃ. Ramamānopi
pakkameti yasmiṃ pana āvāse vasantassa
me paccayavekallābhāvena natthi ukkaṇṭhā, aññadatthu abhiramāmi, evaṃ
abhiramamānopi avasesasappāyālābhena tato pakkame, na vaseyyaṃ. Evaṃ
paṭipajjantovāhaṃ nacirasseva sakatthaṃ paccupādinti. Ayañcettha
attapaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇāyaṃ yojanā. Parassa ovādadāne pana vaseyya na
pakkameyyāti vidhānavasena yojetabbaṃ. Na
tvevānatthasaṃhitaṃ, vase vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇoti yasmiṃ āvāse paccayā sulabhā ,
samaṇadhammo na pāripūriṃ gacchati, yasmiñca āvāse paccayā dullabhā,
samaṇadhammopi pāripūriṃ na gacchati, evarūpo āvāso idha anatthasaṃhito nāma
avaḍḍhisahitoti katvā. Evarūpaṃ vāsaṃ vicakkhaṇo viññujātiko sakatthaṃ
paripūretukāmo natveva vaseyya. Yattha pana pañcaṅgasamannāgato āvāso labbhati,
sattapi sappāyā labbhanti, tattheva vaseyyāti attho.
Malitavambhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Suhemantattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sataliṅgassa atthassāti
āyasmato suhemantattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito dvānavute kappe
tissassa bhagavato kāle vanacaro hutvā vane vasati, taṃ anuggahituṃ bhagavā
araññaṃ pavisitvā tassa āsanne ṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. So
bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannacitto sugandhāni punnāgapupphāni ocinitvā bhagavantaṃ
pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pāriyantadese vibhavasampannassa
brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, suhemantotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto saṅkassanagare migadāye viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā tepiṭako hutvā
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño paṭisambhidāpatto
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.46-50) –
‘‘Kānanaṃ vanamogayha, vasāmi luddako ahaṃ;
Punnāgaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ anussariṃ.
‘‘Taṃ pupphaṃ ocinitvāna, sugandhaṃ gandhitaṃ
subhaṃ;
Thūpaṃ karitvā puline, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekamhi navute kappe, eko āsiṃ tamonudo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘mayā
kho yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, taṃ anuppattaṃ, yaṃnūnāhaṃ idāni bhikkhūnaṃ
anuggahaṃ kareyya’’nti. Evaṃ cintetvā pabhinnapaṭisambhidatāya akilāsutāya ca
attano santikaṃ upagate bhikkhū yathārahaṃ ovadanto anusāsanto kaṅkhaṃ chindanto
dhammaṃ kathento kammaṭṭhānaṃ niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā ācikkhanto viharati.
Athekadivasaṃ attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññūnañca puggalānaṃ
visesaṃ ācikkhanto –
106.
‘‘Sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino;
Ekaṅgadassī dummedho, satadassī ca paṇḍito’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sataliṅgassāti
līnamatthaṃ gamentīti liṅgāni, atthesu saddassa pavattinimittāni, tāni pana
sataṃ anekāni liṅgāni etassāti sataliṅgo. Anekattho hi idha satasaddo, ‘‘sataṃ
sahassa’’ntiādīsu viya na saṅkhyāvisesattho tassa sataliṅgassa. Atthassāti
ñeyyassa, ñeyyañhi ñāṇena araṇīyato ‘‘attho’’ti vuccati. So ca ekopi anekaliṅgo,
yathā ‘‘sakko purindado maghavā’’ti, ‘‘paññā vijjā medhā ñāṇa’’nti ca. Yena
liṅgena pavattinimittena tāvatiṃsādhipatimhi indasaddo pavatto, na tena tattha
sakkādisaddā pavattā, atha kho aññena. Tathā yena sammādiṭṭhimhi paññāsaddo
pavatto, na tena vijjādisaddā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassā’’ti.
Satalakkhaṇadhārinoti anekalakkhaṇavato.
Lakkhīyati etenāti lakkhaṇaṃ, paccayabhāvino atthassa attano phalaṃ paṭicca
paccayabhāvo, tena hi so ayaṃ imassa kāraṇanti lakkhīyati. So ca ekasseva
atthassa anekappabhedo upalabbhati , tenāha
‘‘satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Atha vā lakkhīyantīti lakkhaṇāni, tassa tassa
atthassa saṅkhatatādayo pakāravisesā te pana atthato avatthāvisesā veditabbā. Te
ca pana tesaṃ aniccatādisāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ liṅgenti ñāpentīti ‘‘liṅgānī’’ti ca
vuccanti. Tassime ākārā, yasmā ekassāpi atthassa aneke upalabbhanti. Tena vuttaṃ
‘‘sataliṅgassa atthassa, satalakkhaṇadhārino’’ti. Tenāha āyasmā dhammasenāpati –
‘‘sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī’’ti
(mahāni. 156; cūḷani. mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85; paṭi. ma. 3.5).
Ekaṅgadassī dummedhoti evaṃ
anekaliṅge anekalakkhaṇe atthe yo tattha ekaṅgadassī aputhupaññatāya
ekaliṅgamattaṃ ekalakkhaṇamattañca disvā attanā diṭṭhameva ‘‘idameva sacca’’nti
abhinivissa ‘‘moghamañña’’nti itaraṃ
paṭikkhipati, hatthidassanakaandho viya ekaṅgagāhī dummedho duppañño
tattha vijjamānānaṃyeva pakāravisesānaṃ ajānanato micchā abhinivisanato ca. Satadassī
ca paṇḍitoti paṇḍito pana tattha vijjamāne anekepi pakāre attano
paññācakkhunā sabbaso passati. Yo vā tattha labbhamāne aneke paññācakkhunā
attanāpi passati, aññesampi dasseti pakāseti, so paṇḍito vicakkhaṇo
atthesu kusalo nāmāti. Evaṃ thero ukkaṃsagataṃ attano paṭisambhidāsampattiṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ vibhāvesi.
Suhemantattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Dhammasavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pabbajiṃtulayitvānāti
āyasmato dhammasavattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle suvaccho nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū gharāvāse
dosaṃ disvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
araññāyatane pabbatantare assamaṃ kāretvā bahūhi tāpasehi saddhiṃ vasi. Athassa
kusalabījaṃ ropetukāmo padumuttaro bhagavā assamasamīpe ākāse ṭhatvā
iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. So taṃ disvā pasannamānaso pūjetukāmo nāgapupphāni
ocināpesi. Satthā, ‘‘alaṃ imassa tāpasassa ettakaṃ kusalabīja’’nti pakkāmi. So
pupphāni gahetvā satthu gamanamaggaṃ okiritvā cittaṃ pasādento añjaliṃ paggayha
aṭṭhāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammasavoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ
pabbajjāya ānisaṃsañca disvā dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ viharantaṃ bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ
karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.39-45) –
‘‘Suvaccho nāma nāmena, brāhmaṇo mantapāragū;
Purakkhato sasissehi, vasate pabbatantare.
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgacchi mama santikaṃ.
‘‘Vehāsamhi caṅkamati, dhūpāyati jalate tathā;
Hāsaṃ mamaṃ viditvāna, pakkāmi pācināmukho.
‘‘Tañca acchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ
lomahaṃsanaṃ;
Nāgapupphaṃ gahetvāna, gatamaggamhi okiriṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ pupphaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ;
Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ nupapajjahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse kappasate, rājā āsi mahāraho;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassappatto
udānavasena –
107.
‘‘Pabbajiṃ tulayitvāna, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha pabbajiṃ
tulayitvānāti ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.191; ma.
ni. 2.10; saṃ. ni. 2.154) gharāvāse, ‘‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā
bahupāyāsā’’tiādinā (pāci. 417; ma. ni. 1.177) kāmesu ādīnavaṃ tappaṭipakkhato
nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ tulabhūtāya paññāya vicāretvā vīmaṃsitvāti attho. Sesaṃ
heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Dhammasavattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Dhammasavapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sa vīsavassasatikoti āyasmato
dhammasavapituttherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
buddhasuññe loke kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhūtagaṇe nāma pabbate
viharantaṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tiṇasūlapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi.
So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
dārapariggahaṃ katvā dhammasavaṃ nāma puttaṃ labhitvā tasmiṃ pabbajite sayampi
vīsavassasatiko hutvā, ‘‘mama putto tāva taruṇo pabbaji ,
atha kasmā nāhaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti
sañjātasaṃvego satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.35-38) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, bhūtagaṇo nāma pabbato;
Vasateko jino tattha, sayambhū lokanissaṭo.
‘‘Tiṇasūlaṃ gahetvāna, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ;
Ekūnasatasahassaṃ, kappaṃ na vinipātiko.
‘‘Ito ekādase kappe, ekosiṃ dharaṇīruho;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso udānento
–
108.
‘‘Sa vīsavassasatiko, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha sa
vīsavassasatikoti so vīsaṃvassasatiko, so ahaṃ jātiyā
vīsādhikavassasatiko samāno. Pabbajinti
pabbajjaṃ upagacchiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Idameva ca imassa therassa
aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Dhammasavapituttheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Saṅgharakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampinoti
āyasmato saṅgharakkhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Sopi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ pabbatapāde vasante
satta paccekasambuddhe disvā pasannamānaso
kadambapupphāni gahetvā pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
ibbhakule nibbatti, tassa saṅgharakkhitoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā aññataraṃ
bhikkhuṃ sahāyaṃ katvā araññe viharati. Therassa vasanaṭṭhānato avidūre
vanagumbe ekā migī vijāyitvā taruṇaṃ chāpaṃ rakkhantī chātajjhattāpi
puttasinehena dūre gocarāya na gacchati, āsanne ca tiṇodakassa alābhena
kilamati. Taṃ disvā thero, ‘‘aho vatāyaṃ loko taṇhābandhanabaddho mahādukkhaṃ
anubhavati, na taṃ chindituṃ sakkotī’’ti saṃvegajāto tameva aṅkusaṃ katvā
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.30-34) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, kukkuṭo nāma pabbato;
Tamhi pabbatapādamhi, satta buddhā vasanti te.
‘‘Kadambaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, dīparājaṃva uggataṃ;
Ubho hatthehi paggayha, satta buddhe samokiriṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, sattāsuṃ pupphanāmakā;
Sattaratanasampannā, cakkavattī mahabbalā.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano dutiyakaṃ bhikkhuṃ micchāvitakkabahulaṃ viharantaṃ
ñatvā tameva migiṃ upamaṃ karitvā taṃ ovadanto –
109.
‘‘Na nūnāyaṃ paramahitānukampino, rahogato anuvigaṇeti sāsanaṃ;
Tathāhayaṃ viharati pākatindriyo, migī yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha na
nūnāyanti na-iti
paṭisedhe nipāto. Nūnāti
parivitakke. Nūna ayanti padacchedo. Paramahitānukampinoti
paramaṃ ativiya, paramena vā anuttarena hitena satte anukampanasīlassa
bhagavato. Rahogatoti
rahasi gato, suññāgāragato kāyavivekayuttoti attho. Anuvigaṇetīti
ettha ‘‘na nūnā’’ti padadvayaṃ ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ ‘‘nānuvigaṇeti nūnā’’ti,
na cintesi maññe, ‘‘nānuyuñjatī’’ti takkemīti attho. Sāsananti
paṭipattisāsanaṃ, catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvananti adhippāyo . Tathā
hīti teneva kāraṇena, satthu sāsanassa ananuyuñjanato eva. Ayanti
ayaṃ bhikkhu. Pākatindriyoti
manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ yathāsakaṃ visayesu vissajjanato sabhāvabhūtaindriyo ,
asaṃvutacakkhudvārādikoti attho. Yassa taṇhāsaṅgassa acchinnatāya so bhikkhu
pākatindriyo viharati, tassa upamaṃ dassento ‘‘migī
yathā taruṇajātikā vane’’ti āha. Yathā ayaṃ taruṇasabhāvā migī
puttasnehassa acchinnatāya vane dukkhaṃ anubhavati, na taṃ ativattati,
evamayampi bhikkhu saṅgassa acchinnatāya pākatindriyo viharanto vaṭṭadukkhaṃ
nātivattatīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Taruṇavijātikā’’ti vā pāṭho. Abhinavappasutā
bālavacchāti attho. Taṃ sutvā so bhikkhu sañjātasaṃvego vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Saṅgharakkhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhāti
āyasmato usabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppati? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni karonto ito ekatiṃse kappe
sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannamānaso dibbapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. Sā pupphapūjā sattāhaṃ
pupphamaṇḍapākārena aṭṭhāsi. Devamanussānaṃ mahāsamāgamo ahosi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule
nibbatti, tassa usabhoti
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe satthari laddhappasādo
pabbajitvā katapubbakicco araññe pabbatapāde viharati. Tena ca samayena
pāvusakālameghe abhippavuṭṭhe pabbatasikharesu rukkhagacchalatāya
ghanapaṇṇasaṇḍino honti . Athekadivasaṃ thero
leṇato nikkhamitvā taṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ pabbatarāmaṇeyyakañca disvā
yonisomanasikāravasena ‘‘imepi nāma rukkhādayo acetanā utusampattiyā vaḍḍhiṃ
pāpuṇanti, atha kasmā nāhaṃ utusappāyaṃ labhitvā guṇehi vaḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti
cintento –
110.
‘‘Nagā nagaggesu susaṃvirūḷhā, udaggameghena navena sittā;
Vivekakāmassa araññasaññino, janeti bhiyyo usabhassa kalyata’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha nagāti
rukkhā, ‘‘nāgā’’ti keci vadanti, nāgarukkhāti attho. Nagaggesūti
pabbatasikharesu. Susaṃvirūḷhāti
suṭṭhu samantato virūḷhamūlā hutvā parito upari ca sammadeva
sañjātasākhaggapallavappasākhāti attho. Udaggameghena
navena sittāti paṭhamuppannena uḷārena mahatā pāvusameghena
abhippavuṭṭhā. Vivekakāmassāti
kilesavivittaṃ cittavivekaṃ icchantassa, araññavāsena tāva kāyaviveko laddho,
idāni upadhivivekādhigamassa nissayabhūto cittaviveko laddhabboti taṃ
patthayamānassa, jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjantassāti attho, tenāha ‘‘araññasaññino’’ti.
Araññavāso nāma satthārā vaṇṇito thomito. So ca kho yāvadeva
samathavipassanābhāvanāpāripūriyā, tasmā sā mayā hatthagatā kātabbāti evaṃ
araññagatasaññino nekkhammasaṅkappabahulassāti attho. Janetīti
uppādenti, puthutte hi idaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Keci
pana ‘‘janentī’’ti paṭhanti. Bhiyyoti
uparūpari. Usabhassāti
attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Kalyatanti
kalyabhāvaṃ cittassa kammaññataṃ bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Svāyamattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Evaṃ thero imaṃ gāthaṃ vadantoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.25-29) –
‘‘Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;
Mandāravena pupphena, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Sattāhaṃ chadanaṃ āsi, dibbaṃ mālaṃ tathāgate;
Sabbe janā samāgantvā, namassiṃsu tathāgataṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca dasame kappe, rājāhosiṃ jutindharo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.
Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Ekādasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
12. Dvādasamavaggo
1. Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Duppabbajjaṃve
duradhivāsā gehāti āyasmato jentattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ
upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ
satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto kiṃkirātapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
magadharaṭṭhe jentagāme ekassa maṇḍalikarājassa putto hutvā nibbatti, jentotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto daharakāleyeva hetusampattiyā codiyamāno
pabbajjāninnamānaso hutvā puna cintesi – ‘‘pabbajjā nāma dukkarā, gharāpi
durāvāsā, dhammo ca gambhīro, bhogā ca duradhigamā, kiṃ nu kho kattabba’’nti
evaṃ pana cintābahulo hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ
suṇi. Sutakālato paṭṭhāya pabbajjābhirato hutvā satthu santike pabbajitvā
kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya
arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.21-24) –
‘‘Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;
Kakkārupupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca navame kappe, rājā sattuttamo ahuṃ;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhanto, ‘‘asakkhiṃ vatāhaṃ ādito
mayhaṃ uppannavitakkaṃ chinditu’’nti somanassajāto vitakkassa
uppannākāraṃ tassa ca sammadeva chinnataṃ dassento –
111.
‘‘Duppabbajjaṃ ve duradhivāsā gehā, dhammo
gambhīro duradhigamā bhogā;
Kicchā vutti no itarītareneva, yuttaṃ cintetuṃ satatamaniccata’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha duppabbajjanti
appaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhañceva ñātiparivaṭṭañca pahāya imasmiṃ sāsane
uraṃ datvā pabbajanassa dukkarattā dukkhaṃ pabbajanaṃ, dukkarā pabbajjāti
duppabbajjaṃ. Veti
nipātamattaṃ, daḷhattho vā ‘‘pabbajjā dukkhā’’ti .
Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhivāsā
gehā, yasmā gehaṃ adhivasantena raññā rājakiccaṃ, issarena
issarakiccaṃ, gahapatinā gahapatikiccaṃ kattabbaṃ hoti, parijano ceva
samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca saṅgahetabbā, tasmiṃ tasmiñca kattabbe kariyamānepi gharāvāso
chiddaghaṭo viya mahāsamuddo viya ca duppūro, tasmā gehā nāmete adhivasituṃ
āvasituṃ dukkhā dukkarāti katvā duradhivāsā durāvāsāti. Pabbajjañce
anutiṭṭheyyaṃ dhammo
gambhīro, yadatthā pabbajjā, so pabbajitena adhigantabbo
paṭivedhasaddhammo gambhīro, gambhīrañāṇagocarattā duddaso, duppaṭivijjho
dhammassa gambhīrabhāvena duppaṭivijjhattā. Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhigamā
bhogā yehi vinā na sakkā gehaṃ āvasituṃ, te bhogā dukkhena
kasirena adhigantabbatāya duradhigamā. Evaṃ sante gharāvāsaṃ pahāya
pabbajjaṃyeva anutiṭṭheyyaṃ, evampi kicchā
vutti no itarītarena idha imasmiṃ buddhasāsane itarītarena
yathāladdhena paccayena amhākaṃ vutti jīvikā kicchā dukkhā, gharāvāsānaṃ
duradhivāsatāya bhogānañca duradhigamatāya gehe itarītarena paccayena
yāpetabbatāya kicchā kasirā vutti amhākaṃ, tattha kiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti? Yuttaṃ
cintetuṃ satatamaniccataṃ sakalaṃ divasaṃ
pubbarattāpararattañca tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ aniccatanti, tato uppādavayavantato
ādiantavantato tāvakālikato ca na niccanti
‘‘anicca’’nti cintetuṃ vipassituṃ yuttaṃ. Aniccānupassanāya siddhāya
itarānupassanā sukheneva sijjhantīti aniccānupassanāva ettha vuttā, aniccassa
dukkhānattatānaṃ abyabhicaraṇato sāsanikassa sukhaggahaṇato ca. Tenāha –
‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15), ‘‘yaṃ kiñci
samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammaṃ’’ (mahāva. 16; dī. ni. 2.371; saṃ.
ni. 5.1081), ‘‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.218) ca tadaminā evaṃ
aññamaññaṃ paṭipakkhavasena aparāparaṃ uppanne vitakke niggahetvā
aniccatāmukhena vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā idāni katakicco jātoti dasseti. Tena vuttaṃ
‘‘attano paṭipatti’’ntiādi. Idameva therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Vacchagottattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Tevijjohaṃmahājhāyīti
āyasmato vacchagottattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalabījaṃ ropento vipassissa
bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
raññā nāgarehi ca saddhiṃ buddhapūjaṃ katvā tato paraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, tassa vacchagottatāya vacchagottotveva
samaññā ahosi. So viññutaṃ patvā brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato vimuttiṃ
gavesanto tattha sāraṃ adisvā paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vicaranto
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchitvā tasmiṃ vissajjite pasannamānaso satthu
santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.15-20) –
‘‘Udentaṃ sataraṃsiṃva, pītaraṃsiṃva
bhāṇumaṃ;
Pannarase yathā candaṃ, niyyantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassāni, sabbe khīṇāsavā ahuṃ;
Parivāriṃsu sambuddhaṃ, dvipadindaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Sammajjitvāna taṃ vīthiṃ, niyyante lokanāyake;
Ussāpesiṃ dhajaṃ tattha, vippasannena cetasā.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ dhajaṃ abhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito catutthake kappe, rājāhosiṃ mahabbalo;
Sabbākārena sampanno, sudhajo iti vissuto.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassajāto
udānavasena –
112.
‘‘Tevijjohaṃ mahājhāyī, cetosamathakovido;
Sadattho me anuppatto, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha tevijjohanti
yadipi maṃ pubbe tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṃ gatattā ‘‘brāhmaṇo tevijjo’’ti sañjānanti,
taṃ pana samaññāmattaṃ vedesu vijjākiccassa abhāvato. Idāni pana
pubbenivāsañāṇādīnaṃ tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ adhigatattā paramatthato tevijjo ahaṃ,
mahantassa anavasesassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa jhāpanato, mahantena
maggaphalajhānena mahantassa uḷārassa paṇītassa nibbānassa jhāyanato ca mahājhāyī.
Cetosamathakovidoti cittasaṅkhobhakarānaṃ saṃkilesadhammānaṃ vūpasamanena
cetaso samādahane kusalo. Etena tevijjabhāvassa kāraṇamāha.
Samādhikosallasahitena hi āsavakkhayena tevijjatā, na kevalena. Sadatthoti
sakattho ka-kārassāyaṃ da-kāro kato ‘‘anuppattasadattho’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.9;
a. ni. 3.38) viya. ‘‘Sadattho’’ti ca arahattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañhi
attapaṭibandhaṭṭhena attānaṃ avijahanaṭṭhena attano paramatthaṭṭhena attano
atthattā ‘‘sakattho’’ti vuccati. Svāyaṃ sadattho me mayā anuppatto adhigato.
Etena yathāvuttaṃ mahājhāyibhāvaṃ sikhāpattaṃ katvā dasseti. Sesaṃ
vuttanayameva.
Vacchagottattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Acchodikā puthusilāti
āyasmato vanavacchattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalabījaṃ ropento vipassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parassa kammaṃ katvā
jīvanto kassaci aparādhaṃ katvā maraṇabhayena tajjito palāyanto antarāmagge
bodhirukkhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tassa mūlaṃ
sammajjitvā piṇḍibandhehi asokapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā bodhiṃ abhimukho
namassamāno pallaṅkena nisinno māretuṃ āgate paccatthike disvā tesu cittaṃ
akopetvā bodhiṃ eva āvajjento sataporise papāte papati. So tena puññakammena
devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde rājagahe vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti,
‘‘vaccho’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bimbisārasamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.16.7-14) –
‘‘Parakammāyane yutto, aparādhaṃ akāsahaṃ;
Vanantaṃ abhidhāvissaṃ, bhayaverasamappito.
‘‘Pupphitaṃ pādapaṃ disvā, piṇḍibandhaṃ sunimmitaṃ;
Tambapupphaṃ gahetvāna, bodhiyaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Sammajjitvāna taṃ bodhiṃ, pāṭaliṃ pādaputtamaṃ;
Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, bodhimūle upāvisiṃ.
‘‘Gatamaggaṃ gavesantā, āgacchuṃ mama santikaṃ;
Te ca disvānahaṃ tattha, āvajjiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
‘‘Vanditvāna ahaṃ bodhiṃ, vippasannena cetasā;
Anekatāle papatiṃ, giridugge bhayānake.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bodhipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ito ca tatiye kappe, rājā susaññato ahaṃ;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vivekābhiratiyā vaneyeva vasi, tena vanavacchoti
samaññā udapādi. Atha kadāci thero ñātijanānuggahatthaṃ rājagahaṃ gato
tattha ñātakehi upaṭṭhiyamāno katipāhaṃ vasitvā gamanākāraṃ sandasseti. Taṃ
ñātakā, ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ anuggahatthaṃ dhuravihāre vasatha, mayaṃ
upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti yāciṃsu. Thero tesaṃ pabbatarāmaṇeyyakittanāpadesena
vivekābhiratiṃ nivedento –
113.
‘‘Acchodikā puthusilā, gonaṅgulamigāyutā;
Ambusevālasañchannā, te selā ramayanti ma’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha acchodikāti
acchaṃ abahalaṃ sukhumaṃ udakaṃ etesūti ‘‘acchodakā’’ti vattabbe
liṅgavipallāsena acchodikā’’ti vuttaṃ. Etena tesaṃ udakasampattiṃ dasseti. Puthusilāti
puthulā vitthatā mudusukhasamphassā silā etesūti puthusilā. Etena
nisajjanaṭṭhānasampattiṃ dasseti. Gunnaṃ viya naṅgulaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ etesanti gonaṅgulā, kāḷamakkaṭā,
‘‘pakatimakkaṭā’’tipi vadantiyeva .
Gonaṅgulehi ca pasadādikehi migehi ca tahaṃ tahaṃ vicarantehi āyutā missitāti gonaṅgulamigāyutā.
Etena tesaṃ amanussūpacāritāya araññalakkhaṇūpetataṃ dasseti. Ambusevālasañchannāti
pasavanato satataṃ paggharamānasalilatāya tahaṃ tahaṃ udakasevālasañchāditā. Te
selā ramayanti manti yatthāhaṃ vasāmi; te edisā selā pabbatā
vivekābhiratiyā maṃ ramayanti, tasmā tatthevāhaṃ gacchāmīti adhippāyo. Idameva
ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Vanavacchattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kāyaduṭṭhullagarunoti
āyasmato adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato
kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññe viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā manussūpacāraṃ
upagantvā satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano
vākacīraṃ satthu pādamūle patthari. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā tasmiṃ
aṭṭhāsi. Tattha ṭhitaṃ bhagavantaṃ kāḷānusārena gandhena pūjetvā
‘‘samuddharasimaṃ loka’’ntiādikāhi dasahi gāthāhi abhitthavi. Taṃ satthā
‘‘anāgate ito satasahassakappamatthake gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane
pabbajitvā chaḷabhiñño bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena
devaloke nibbattitvā tato yāvāyaṃ buddhuppādo, tāva devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā adhimuttoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā tattha sāraṃ
apassanto pacchimabhavikattā nissaraṇaṃ gavesanto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe
buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.40.304-332) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jalitaṃ, dīparukkhaṃva ujjalaṃ;
Osadhiṃva virocantaṃ, vijjutaṃ gagane yathā.
‘‘Asambhītaṃ anuttāsiṃ, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;
Ñāṇālokaṃ pakāsentaṃ, maddantaṃ titthiye gaṇe.
‘‘Uddharantaṃ imaṃ lokaṃ, chindantaṃ sabbasaṃsayaṃ;
Gajjantaṃ migarājaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Jaṭājinadharo āsiṃ, brahā uju patāpavā;
Vākacīraṃ gahetvāna, pādamūle apatthariṃ.
‘‘Kāḷānusāriyaṃ gayhaṃ, anulimpiṃ tathāgataṃ;
Sambuddhamanulimpetvā, santhaviṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Samuddharasimaṃ lokaṃ, oghatiṇṇa mahāmuni;
Ñāṇālokena jotesi, nāvaṭaṃ ñāṇamuttamaṃ.
‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi, maddase
paratitthiye;
Usabho jitasaṅgāmo, sampakampesi medaniṃ.
‘‘Mahāsamudde ūmiyo, velantamhi pabhijjare;
Tatheva tava ñāṇamhi, sabbadiṭṭhī pabhijjare.
‘‘Sukhumacchikajālena, saramhi sampatānite;
Antojālīkatā pāṇā, pīḷitā honti tāvade.
‘‘Tatheva titthiyā loke, puthupāsaṇḍanissitā;
Antoñāṇavare tuyhaṃ, parivattanti mārisa.
‘‘Patiṭṭhā vuyhataṃ oghe, tvañhi nātho abandhunaṃ;
Bhayaṭṭitānaṃ saraṇaṃ, muttitthīnaṃ parāyaṇaṃ.
‘‘Ekavīro asadiso, mettākaruṇasañcayo;
Asamo susamo santo, vasī tādī jitañjayo.
‘‘Dhīro vigatasammoho, anejo akathaṃkathī;
Tusito vantadososi, nimmalo saṃyato suci.
‘‘Saṅgātigo hatamado, tevijjo tibhavantago;
Sīmātigo dhammagaru, gatattho hitavabbhuto.
‘‘Tārako tvaṃ yathā nāvā, nidhīvassāsakārako;
Asambhīto yathā sīho, gajarājāva dappito.
‘‘Thometvā dasagāthāhi, padumuttaraṃ mahāyasaṃ;
Vanditvā satthuno pāde, tuṇhī aṭṭhāsahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Bhikkhusaṅghe ṭhito satthā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo me sīlañca ñāṇañca, saddhammañcāpi vaṇṇayi;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Saṭṭhi kappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;
Aññe devebhibhavitvā, issaraṃ kārayissati.
‘‘So pacchā
pabbajitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.
‘‘Pabbajitvāna kāyena, pāpakammaṃ vivajjiya;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Yathāpi megho thanayaṃ, tappeti medaniṃ imaṃ;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, dhammena tappayī mamaṃ.
‘‘Sīlaṃ paññañca dhammañca, thavitvā lokanāyakaṃ;
Pattomhi paramaṃ santiṃ, nibbānaṃ padamaccutaṃ.
‘‘Aho nūna sa bhagavā, ciraṃ tiṭṭheyya cakkhumā;
Aññātañca vijāneyyuṃ, phuseyyuṃ amataṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Ayaṃ me pacchimā jāti, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhithomayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kittanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā saha vasante kāyadaḷhibahule bhikkhū ovadanto –
114.
‘‘Kāyaduṭṭhullagaruno, hiyyamānamhi jīvite;
Sarīrasukhagiddhassa, kuto samaṇasādhutā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha kāyaduṭṭhullagarunoti
duṭṭhullaṃ asubhayogyatā, kāyassa duṭṭhullaṃ kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ, kāyaduṭṭhullaṃ garu
sambhāvitaṃ yassa so kāyaduṭṭhullagaru, anissaraṇappañño hutvā kāyaposanappasuto
kāyadaḷhibahuloti attho, tassa kāyaduṭṭhullagaruno. Hiyyamānamhi
jīviteti kunnadīnaṃ udakaṃ viya jīvitasaṅkhāre lahuso khīyamāne. Sarīrasukhagiddhassāti
paṇītāhārādīhi attano kāyassa sukhena gedhaṃ āpannassa . Kuto
samaṇasādhutāti evarūpassa puggalassa samaṇabhāvena sādhutā susamaṇatā
kuto kena kāraṇena siyā, ekaṃsato pana kāye jīvite ca nirapekkhassa
itarītarasantosena santuṭṭhassa āraddhavīriyasseva samaṇasādhutāti adhippāyo.
Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Mahānāmattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Esāvahiyyasepabbatenāti
āyasmato mahānāmattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule
nibbattitvā brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato gharāvāsaṃ pahāya aññatarāya nadiyā
tīre assamaṃ kāretvā sambahule brāhmaṇe mante vācento viharati. Athekadivasaṃ
bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhituṃ tassa asamapadaṃ upagacchi. So bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannacitto āsanaṃ paññāpetvā adāsi .
Nisinne bhagavati sumadhuraṃ madhuṃ upanāmesi. Taṃ bhagavā paribhuñjitvā heṭṭhā
adhimuttattheravatthumhi vuttanayena anāgataṃ byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena
puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mahānāmoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto bhagavato santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nesādake nāma pabbate viharanto
kilesapariyuṭṭhānaṃ vikkhambhetuṃ asakkonto ‘‘kiṃ me iminā saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa
jīvitenā’’ti attabhāvaṃ nibbindanto uccaṃ pabbatasikharaṃ abhiruhitvā ‘‘ito
pātetvā taṃ māressāmī’’ti attānaṃ paraṃ viya niddisanto –
115.
‘‘Esāvahiyyase pabbatena, bahukuṭajasallakikena;
Nesādakena girinā, yasassinā paricchadenā’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha esāvahiyyaseti
eso tvaṃ mahānāma avahiyyase parihāyasi. Pabbatenāti
nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtena iminā pabbatena. Bahukuṭajasallakikenāti
bahūhi kuṭajehi indasālarukkhehi sallakīhi indasālarukkhehi vā samannāgatena. Nesādakenāti
evaṃnāmakena. Girināti
selena. Selo hi sandhisaṅkhātehi pabbehi ṭhitattā ‘‘pabbato’’ti,
pasavanādivasena jalassa, sārabhūtānaṃ bhesajjādivatthūnañca giraṇato ‘‘girī’’ti
vuccati. Tadubhayatthasambhavato panettha ‘‘pabbatenā’’ti vatvā ‘‘girinā’’ti ca
vuttaṃ. Yasassināti
sabbaguṇehi vissutena pakāsena. Paricchadenāti
nānāvidharukkhagacchalatāhi samantato channena, vasanaṭṭhānatāya vā tuyhaṃ
paricchadabhūtena. Ayañhettha adhippāyo – mahānāma, yadi kammaṭṭhānaṃ
vissajjetvā vitakkabahulo hosi, evaṃ tvaṃ iminā chāyūdakasampannena sappāyena nivāsanaṭṭhānabhūtena
nesādakagirinā parihāyasi, idānihaṃ taṃ ito pātetvā māressāmi, tasmā na labbhā
vitakkavasikena bhavitunti. Evaṃ thero attānaṃ
santajjentoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.40.333-352) –
‘‘Sindhuyā nadiyā tīre, sukato assamo mama;
Tattha vācemahaṃ sisse, itihāsaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ.
‘‘Dhammakāmā vinītā te, sotukāmā susāsanaṃ;
Chaḷaṅge pāramippattā, sindhukūle vasanti te.
‘‘Uppātagamane ceva, lakkhaṇesu ca kovidā;
Uttamatthaṃ gavesantā, vasanti vipine tadā.
‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, loke uppajji tāvade;
Amhākaṃ anukampanto, upāgacchi vināyako.
‘‘Upāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Tiṇasanthārakaṃ katvā, lokajeṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Vipināto madhuṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Sambuddho paribhuñjitvā, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
‘‘Yo taṃ adāsi madhuṃ me, pasanno sehi
pāṇibhi;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Iminā madhudānena, tiṇasanthārakena ca;
Tiṃsa kappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, mātukucchiṃ upāgate;
Madhuvassaṃ pavassittha, chādayaṃ madhunā mahiṃ.
‘‘Mayi nikkhantamattamhi, kucchiyā ca suduttarā;
Tatrāpi madhuvassaṃ me, vassate niccakālikaṃ.
‘‘Agārā abhinikkhamma, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
Lābhī annassa pānassa, madhudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sabbakāmasamiddhohaṃ, bhavitvā devamānuse;
Teneva madhudānena, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.
‘‘Vuṭṭhamhi deve caturaṅgule tiṇe,
sampupphite dharaṇīruhe sañchanne;
Suññe ghare maṇḍaparukkhamūlake, vasāmi niccaṃ sukhito anāsavo.
‘‘Majjhe mahante hīne ca, bhave sabbe atikkamiṃ;
Ajja me āsavā khīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, madhudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Ayameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇagāthā ahosīti.
Mahānāmattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Chaphassāyatanehitvāti
āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto piyadassissa bhagavato kāle
nesādayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā tassa viññutaṃ pattassa vicaraṇaṭṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ
vanasaṇḍe piyadassī bhagavā taṃ anuggaṇhituṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā
nisīdi. So ca mige pariyesanto taṃ ṭhānaṃ gato satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso
bhagavantaṃ anto katvā kataṃ sākhāmaṇḍapaṃ padumapupphehi kūṭāgārākārena
sañchādetvā uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedento sattāhaṃ namassamāno aṭṭhāsi.
Divase divase ca milātamilātāni apanetvā abhinavehi chādesi. Satthā sattāhassa
accayena nirodhato vuṭṭhahitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anussari. Tāvadeva
asītisahassamattā bhikkhū satthāraṃ parivāresuṃ. ‘‘Madhuradhammakathaṃ
suṇissāmā’’ti devatā sannipatiṃsu, mahā samāgamo ahosi. Satthā anumodanaṃ
karonto tassa devamanussesu bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvakabodhiñca byākaritvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tiṇṇaṃ
vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā parāparagottatāya pārāpariyoti
laddhasamañño bahū brāhmaṇe mante vācento satthu rājagahagamane buddhānubhāvaṃ
disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.40.353-385) –
‘‘Piyadassī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū
lokanāyako;
Vivekakāmo sambuddho, samādhikusalo muni.
‘‘Vanasaṇḍaṃ samoggayha, piyadassī mahāmuni;
Paṃsukūlaṃ pattharitvā, nisīdi purisuttamo.
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, araññe kānane ahaṃ;
Pasadaṃ migamesanto, āhiṇḍāmi ahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ,
oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ;
Pupphitaṃ sālarājaṃva, sataraṃsiṃva uggataṃ.
‘‘Disvānahaṃ devadevaṃ, piyadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;
Jātassaraṃ samoggayha, padumaṃ āhariṃ tadā.
‘‘Āharitvāna padumaṃ, satapattaṃ manoramaṃ;
Kūṭāgāraṃ karitvāna, chādayiṃ padumenahaṃ.
‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, piyadassī mahāmuni;
Sattarattindivaṃ buddho, kūṭāgāre vasī jino.
‘‘Purāṇaṃ chaḍḍayitvāna, navena chādayiṃ ahaṃ;
Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, aṭṭhāsiṃ tāvade ahaṃ.
‘‘Vuṭṭhahitvā samādhimhā, piyadassī mahāmuni;
Disaṃ anuvilokento, nisīdi lokanāyako.
‘‘Tadā sudassano nāma, upaṭṭhāko mahiddhiko;
Cittamaññāya buddhassa, piyadassissa satthuno.
‘‘Asītiyā sahassehi, bhikkhūhi parivārito;
Vanante sukhamāsīnaṃ, upesi lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā vanasaṇḍamhi, adhivatthā ca devatā;
Buddhassa cittamaññāya, sabbe sannipatuṃ tadā.
‘‘Samāgatesu yakkhesu, kumbhaṇḍe saharakkhase;
Bhikkhusaṅghe ca sampatte, gāthā pabyāharī jino.
‘‘Thomaṃ sattāhaṃ pūjesi, āvāsañca akāsi me;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Sududdasaṃ sunipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ suppakāsitaṃ;
Ñāṇena kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Catuddasāni kappāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;
Kūṭāgāraṃ mahantassa, padmapupphehi chāditaṃ.
‘‘Ākāse dhārayissati,
pupphakammassidaṃ phalaṃ;
Catubbīse kappasate, vokiṇṇaṃ saṃsarissati.
‘‘Tattha pupphamayaṃ byamhaṃ, ākāse dhārayissati;
Yathā padumapattamhi, toyaṃ na upalimpati.
‘‘Tathevīmassa ñāṇamhi, kilesā nopalimpare;
Manasā vinivaṭṭetvā, pañca nīvaraṇe ayaṃ.
‘‘Cittaṃ janetvā nekkhamme, agārā pabbajissati;
Tato pupphamaye byamhe, dhārente nikkhamissati.
‘‘Rukkhamūle vasantassa, nipakassa satīmato;
Tattha pupphamayaṃ byamhaṃ, matthake dhārayissati.
‘‘Cīvaraṃ piṇḍapātañca, paccayaṃ sayanāsanaṃ;
Datvāna bhikkhusaṅghassa, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Kūṭāgārena caratā, pabbajjaṃ abhinikkhamiṃ;
Rukkhamūle vasantampi, kūṭāgāraṃ dharīyati.
‘‘Cīvare piṇḍapāte ca, cetanā me na vijjati;
Puññakammena saṃyutto, labhāmi pariniṭṭhitaṃ.
‘‘Gaṇanāto asaṅkheyyā, kappakoṭī bahū mama;
Rittakā te atikkantā, pamuttā lokanāyakā.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, piyadassī vināyako;
Tamahaṃ payirupāsitvā, imaṃ yoniṃ upāgato.
‘‘Idha passāmi sambuddhaṃ, anomaṃ nāma cakkhumaṃ;
Tamahaṃ upagantvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
‘‘Dukkhassantakaro buddho, maggaṃ me desayī jino;
Tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Tosayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ
buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso
udānavasena –
116.
‘‘Chaphassāyatane hitvā, guttadvāro
susaṃvuto;
Aghamūlaṃ vamitvāna, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha chaphassāyatane
hitvāti cakkhusamphassādīnaṃ channaṃ samphassānaṃ uppattiṭṭhānatāya
‘‘phassāyatanānī’’ti laddhanāmāni cakkhādīni cha ajjhattikāyatanāni
tappaṭibaddhasaṃkilesappahānavasena pahāya. Guttadvāro
susaṃvutoti tato eva cakkhudvārādīnaṃ guttattā, tattha pavattanakānaṃ
abhijjhādīnaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ pavesananivāraṇena satikavāṭena suṭṭu pihitattā
guttadvāro susaṃvuto. Atha vā manacchaṭṭhānaṃ channaṃ dvārānaṃ vuttanayena
rakkhitattā guttadvāro, kāyādīhi suṭṭhu saññatattā susaṃvutoti evamettha attho
veditabbo. Aghamūlaṃ
vamitvānāti aghassa vaṭṭadukkhassa mūlabhūtaṃ avijjābhavataṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ
dosaṃ, sabbaṃ vā kilesadosaṃ ariyamaggasaṅkhātavamanayogapānena uggiritvā
santānato bahi katvā, bahikaraṇahetu vā. Patto
me āsavakkhayoti kāmāsavādayo āsavā ettha khīyanti, tesaṃ vā khayena
pattabboti āsavakkhayo, nibbānaṃ arahattañca. So āsavakkhayo patto adhigatoti
udānavasena aññaṃ byākāsi.
Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Yasattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Suvilittosuvasanoti
āyasmato yasattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato
kāle mahānubhāvo nāgarājā hutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ attano bhavanaṃ
netvā mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Bhagavantaṃ mahagghena ticīvarena acchādesi,
ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ mahaggheneva paccekadussayugena sabbena samaṇaparikkhārena
acchādesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto siddhatthassa bhagavato
kāle seṭṭhiputto hutvā mahābodhimaṇḍaṃ sattahi ratanehi pūjesi. Kassapassa
bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino
putto hutvā nibbatti, yaso nāma
nāmena paramasukhumālo. ‘‘Tassa tayo pāsādā’’ti sabbaṃ khandhake (mahāva. 25)
āgatanayena veditabbaṃ.
So pubbahetunā codiyamāno rattibhāge
niddābhibhūtassa parijanassa vippakāraṃ disvā sañjātasaṃvego
suvaṇṇapādukārūḷhova gehato niggato devatāvivaṭena nagaradvārena nikkhamitvā
isipatanasamīpaṃ gato ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata, bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata, bho’’ti āha. Tena
samayena bhagavatā isipatane viharantena tasseva anuggaṇhanatthaṃ abbhokāse
caṅkamantena ‘‘ehi, yasa, idaṃ anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭha’’nti vutto,
‘‘anupaddutaṃ anupassaṭṭhaṃ kira atthī’’ti somanassajāto suvaṇṇapādukā oruyha
bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisinno satthārā anupubbikathaṃ kathetvā
saccadesanāya katāya saccapariyosāne sotāpanno hutvā gavesanatthaṃ āgatassa pitu
bhagavatā saccadesanāya kariyamānāya arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.40.456-483) –
‘‘Mahāsamuddaṃ oggayha, bhavanaṃ me sunimmitaṃ;
Sunimmitā pokkharaṇī, cakkavākapakūjitā.
‘‘Mandālakehi sañchannā, padumuppalakehi ca;
Nadī ca sandate tattha, supatitthā manoramā.
‘‘Macchakacchapasañchannā, nānādijasamotthatā;
Mayūrakoñcābhirudā, kokilādīhi vagguhi.
‘‘Pārevatā ravihaṃsā ca, cakkavākā nadīcarā;
Dindibhā sāḷikā cettha, pammakā jīvajīvakā.
‘‘Haṃsā koñcāpi naditā, kosiyā piṅgalā bahū;
Sattaratanasampannā, maṇimuttikavālukā.
‘‘Sabbasoṇṇamayā rukkhā, nānāgandhasameritā;
Ujjotenti divārattiṃ, bhavanaṃ sabbakālikaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, sāyaṃ pāto pavajjare;
Soḷasitthisahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā.
‘‘Abhinikkhamma bhavanā, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, vandayiṃ taṃ mahāyasaṃ.
‘‘Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, sasaṅghaṃ taṃ nimantayiṃ;
Adhivāsesi so dhīro, sumedho lokanāyako.
‘‘Mama dhammakathaṃ katvā, uyyojesi mahāmuni;
Sambuddhaṃ abhivādetvā, bhavanaṃ me upāgamiṃ.
‘‘Āmantayiṃ parijanaṃ, sabbe sannipatātha vo;
Pubbaṇhasamayaṃ buddho, bhavanaṃ āgamissati.
‘‘Lābhā amhaṃ suladdhaṃ no, ye vasāma
tavantike;
Mayampi buddhaseṭṭhassa, pūjaṃ kassāma satthuno.
‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ paṭṭhapetvā, kālaṃ ārocayiṃ ahaṃ;
Vasīsatasahassehi, upesi lokanāyako.
‘‘Pañcaṅgikehi tūriyehi, paccuggamanamakāsahaṃ;
Sabbasoṇṇamaye pīṭhe, nisīdi purisuttamo.
‘‘Uparicchadanaṃ āsi, sabbasoṇṇamayaṃ tadā;
Bījaniyo pavāyanti, bhikkhusaṅghassa antare.
‘‘Pahūtenannapānena, bhikkhusaṅghamatappayiṃ;
Paccekadussayugaḷe, bhikkhusaṅghassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ vadanti sumedhoti, lokāhutipaṭiggahaṃ;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo me annena pānena, sabbe ime ca tappayiṃ;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati;
Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Upapajjati yaṃ yoniṃ, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Sabbadā sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, chadanaṃ dhārayissati.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, sīhanādaṃ nadissati;
Citake chattaṃ dhārenti, heṭṭhā chattamhi ḍayhatha.
‘‘Sāmaññaṃ me anuppattaṃ, kilesā jhāpitā mayā;
Maṇḍape rukkhamūle vā, santāpo me na vijjati.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, sabbadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Atha bhagavā āyasmantaṃ
yasaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ pasāretvā ‘‘ehi bhikkhū’’ti āha. Vacanasamanantarameva
dvaṅgulamattakesamassu aṭṭhaparikkhāradharo vassasaṭṭhikatthero viya
ahosi. So attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānento ehibhikkhubhāvappattito
purimāvatthavasena –
117.
‘‘Suvilitto suvasano, sabbābharaṇabhūsito;
Tisso vijjā ajjhagamiṃ, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha suvilittoti
sundarena kuṅkumacandanānulepanena vilittagatto. Suvasanoti
suṭṭhu mahagghakāsikavatthavasano. Sabbābharaṇabhūsitoti
sīsūpagādīhi sabbehi ābharaṇehi alaṅkato. Ajjhagaminti
adhigacchiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Yasattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Abhisattova nipatatīti
āyasmato kimilattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parinibbute satthari tassa dhātuyo uddissa
saḷalamālāhi maṇḍapākārena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃse
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kapilavatthunagare sākiyarājakule nibbatti, kimilotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bhogasampattiyā sampanno viharati. Tassa
ñāṇaparipākaṃ disvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ anupiyāyaṃ viharanto satthā
paṭhamayobbane ṭhitaṃ dassanīyaṃ itthirūpaṃ abhinimminitvā purato dassetvā puna
anukkamena yathā jarārogavipattīhi abhibhūtā dissati, tathā akāsi. Taṃ disvā
kimilakumāro ativiya saṃvegaṃ pakāsento –
118.
‘‘Abhisattova nipatati vayo, rūpaṃ aññamiva
tatheva santaṃ;
Tasseva sato avippavasato, aññasseva sarāmi
attāna’’nti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha abhisattovāti
‘‘tvaṃ sīghaṃ gaccha mā tiṭṭhā’’ti devehi anusiṭṭho āṇatto viya. ‘‘Abhisaṭṭho vā’’tipi
pāṭho, ‘‘tvaṃ lahuṃ gacchā’’ti kenaci abhilāsāpito viyāti attho. Nipatatīti
atipatati abhidhāvati na tiṭṭhati, khaṇe khaṇe khayavayaṃ pāpuṇātīti attho. Vayoti
bālyayobbanādiko sarīrassa avatthāviseso. Idha panassa yobbaññaṃ adhippetaṃ, taṃ
hissa abhipatantaṃ khīyantaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhitaṃ. Rūpanti
rūpasampadāti vadati. Rūpanti
pana sarīraṃ ‘‘aṭṭhiñca paṭicca nhāruñca paṭicca maṃsañca paṭicca ākāso
parivārito rūpaṃtveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) viya. Aññamiva
tatheva santanti idaṃ rūpaṃ yādisaṃ, sayaṃ tatheva tenevākārena santaṃ
vijjamānaṃ aññaṃ viya mayhaṃ upaṭṭhātīti adhippāyo. ‘‘Tadeva santa’’nti ca keci
paṭhanti. Tasseva satoti
tasseva me anaññassa sato samānassa. Avippavasatoti
na vippavasantassa, ciravippavāsena hi sato anaññampi aññaṃ viya upaṭṭhāti
idampi idha natthīti adhippāyo. Aññasseva
sarāmi attānanti imaṃ mama attabhāvaṃ aññassa sattassa viya sarāmi
upadhāremi sañjānāmīti attho. Tassevaṃ aniccataṃ manasi karontassa daḷhataro
saṃvego udapādi, so saṃvegajāto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.56.42-48) –
‘‘Nibbute kakusandhamhi, brāhmaṇamhi vusīmati;
Gahetvā saḷalaṃ mālaṃ, maṇḍapaṃ kārayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Tāvatiṃsaṃ gato santo, labhimha byamhamuttamaṃ;
Aññe devetirocāmi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, caṅkamanto ṭhito
cahaṃ;
Channo saḷalapupphehi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvāpi thero attano purimuppannaṃ aniccatāmanasikāraṃ vibhāvento
tameva gāthaṃ paccudāhāsi. Tenetaṃ imassa therassa aññābyākaraṇampi ahosi.
Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Rukkhamūlagahanaṃpasakkiyāti
āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito
catunavute kappe ekaṃ paccekasambuddhaṃ bhikkhāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
kadaliphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ
puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ
licchavirājaputto hutvā nibbatti, vajjirājaputtattā vajjiputtotveva
cassa samaññā ahosi. So daharo hutvā hatthisikkhādisikkhanakālepi
hetusampannatāya nissaraṇajjhāsayova hutvā vicaranto satthu dhammadesanākāle
vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisinno dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu
santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.57-62) –
‘‘Sahassaraṃsī bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;
Vivekā vuṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.
‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, avaṭaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ
tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aparabhāge aciraparinibbute satthari dhammaṃ saṅgāyituṃ
saṅketaṃ katvā mahātheresu tattha tattha viharantesu ekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ
ānandaṃ sekhaṃyeva samānaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā
tassa uparimaggādhigamāya ussāhaṃ janento –
119.
‘‘Rukkhamūlagahanaṃ pasakkiya, nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya;
Jhāya gotama mā ca pamādo, kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti. –
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha rukkhamūlagahananti
rukkhamūlabhūtaṃ gahanaṃ, gahanañhi atthi, na rukkhamūlaṃ,
rukkhamūlañca atthi, na gahanaṃ, tesu
rukkhamūlaggahaṇena ṭhānassa chāyāsampannatāya vātātapaparissayābhāvaṃ dasseti.
Gahanaggahaṇena nivātabhāvena vātaparissayābhāvaṃ janasambādhābhāvañca dasseti,
tadubhayena ca bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Pasakkiyāti
upagantvā. Nibbānaṃ
hadayasmiṃ opiyāti ‘‘evaṃ mayā paṭipajjitvā nibbānaṃ adhigantabba’’nti
nibbutiṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā citte karitvā. Jhāyāti
lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāya, vipassanābhāvanāsahitaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. Gotamāti
dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaṃ gottena ālapati. Mā
ca pamādoti adhikusalesu dhammesu mā pamādaṃ āpajji. Idāni yādiso
therassa pamādo, taṃ paṭikkhepavasena dassento ‘‘kiṃ
te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti āha. Tattha biḷibiḷikāti
viḷiviḷikiriyā, biḷibiḷīti saddapavatti yathā niratthakā, evaṃ biḷibiḷikāsadisā
janapaññatti kiṃ te
karissati kīdisaṃ atthaṃ tuyhaṃ sādheti, tasmā janapaññattiṃ
pahāya sadatthapasuto hohīti ovādaṃ adāsi.
Taṃ sutvā aññehi
vuttavisagandhavāyanavacanena saṃvegajāto bahudeva rattiṃ caṅkamena vītināmento
vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā senāsanaṃ pavisitvā mañcake nipannamattova arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi.
Vajjiputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Isidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañcakkhandhāpariññātāti
āyasmato isidattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato
kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ rathiyaṃ
gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso madhuraṃ āmodaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena
devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde avantiraṭṭhe vaḍḍhagāme aññatarassa satthavāhassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, isidattotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto macchikāsaṇḍe cittassa gahapatino adiṭṭhasahāyo hutvā
tena buddhaguṇe likhitvā pesitasāsanaṃ paṭilabhitvā sāsane sañjātappasādo
therassa mahākaccānassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā nacirasseva
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.80-84) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, āmodamadadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā ‘‘buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti theraṃ āpucchitvā
anukkamena majjhimadesaṃ gantvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ
nisinno , ‘‘kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci
yāpanīya’’ntiādinā satthārā katapaṭisanthāro paṭivacanamukhena, ‘‘bhagavā
tumhākaṃ sāsanaṃ upagatakālato paṭṭhāya mayhaṃ sabbadukkhaṃ apagataṃ, sabbo
parissayo vūpasanto’’ti pavedanavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –
120.
‘‘Pañcakkhandhā pariññātā, tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā;
Dukkhakkhayo anuppatto, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha pañcakkhandhā
pariññātāti pañcapi me upādānakkhandhā vipassanāpaññāsahitāya
maggapaññāya ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti sabbaso
paricchijja ñātā, na tesu kiñcipi pariññātabbaṃ atthīti adhippāyo. Tiṭṭhanti
chinnamūlakāti sabbaso pariññātattā eva tesaṃ avijjātaṇhādikassa mūlassa
samucchinnattā ariyamaggena pahīnattā yāvacarimacittanirodhā te tiṭṭhanti. Dukkhakkhayo
anuppattoti chinnamūlakattāyeva ca nesaṃ vaṭṭadukkhassa khayo parikkhayo
anuppatto, nibbānaṃ adhigataṃ. Patto
me āsavakkhayoti kāmāsavādīnaṃ sabbesaṃ āsavānaṃ khayante
abhigantabbatāya ‘‘āsavakkhayo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ arahattaṃ pattaṃ paṭiladdhanti
attho. Keci pana antimāyaṃ samussayo’’ti paṭhanti. Nibbānassa adhigatattāyeva
ayaṃ mama samussayo attabhāvo antimo sabbapacchimako, natthi dāni punabbhavoti
attho. Yaṃ pana tattha tattha avuttaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānaṃyevāti.
Isidattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dvādasamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Niṭṭhitā ca paramatthadīpaniyaṃ theragāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ
Vīsādhikasatattheragāthāpaṭimaṇḍitassa ekakanipātassa
Atthavaṇṇanā.
2. Dukanipāto
1. Paṭhamavaggo
1. Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Dukanipāte natthi
koci bhavo niccotiādikā āyasmato uttarattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?
Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena vicarati. Tena ca
samayena satthā tassa anuggaṇhanatthaṃ vanantare aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi
chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjento. So antalikkhena gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannacitto ākāsato oruyha suvisuddhehi vipulehi kaṇikārapupphehi bhagavantaṃ
pūjesi, pupphāni buddhānubhāvena satthu upari chattākārena aṭṭhaṃsu, so tena
bhiyyosomattāya pasannacitto hutvā aparabhāge kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃse nibbattitvā
uḷāraṃ dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto yāvatāyukaṃ tattha ṭhatvā tato cuto
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālaputto
hutvā nibbatti, uttarotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā jātiyā rūpena
vijjāya vayena sīlācārena ca lokassa sambhāvanīyo jāto. Tassa taṃ sampattiṃ
disvā vassakāro magadhamahāmatto attano dhītaraṃ dātukāmo hutvā attano
adhippāyaṃ pavedesi. So nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya taṃ paṭikkhipitvā kālena kālaṃ
dhammasenāpatiṃ payirupāsanto tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vattasampanno hutvā theraṃ upaṭṭhahati.
Tena ca samayena therassa aññataro ābādho uppanno, tassa bhesajjatthāya uttaro
sāmaṇero pātova pattacīvaramādāya vihārato nikkhanto antarāmagge taḷākassa tīre
pattaṃ ṭhapetvā udakasamīpaṃ gantvā mukhaṃ dhovati. Atha aññataro umaṅgacoro
ārakkhapurisehi anubaddho aggadvāreneva
nagarato nikkhamitvā palāyanto attanā gahitaṃ ratanabhaṇḍikaṃ sāmaṇerassa patte
pakkhipitvā palāyi. Sāmaṇero pattasamīpaṃ upagato.
Coraṃ anubandhantā rājapurisā sāmaṇerassa
patte bhaṇḍikaṃ disvā, ‘‘ayaṃ coro, iminā coriyaṃ kata’’nti sāmaṇeraṃ
pacchābāhaṃ bandhitvā vassakārassa brāhmaṇassa dassesuṃ. Vassakāro ca tadā rañño
vinicchaye niyutto hutvā chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsati. So ‘‘pubbe mama vacanaṃ
nādiyi, suddhapāsaṇḍiyesu pabbajī’’ti ca baddhāghātattā kammaṃ asodhetvāva
jīvantameva taṃ sūle uttāsesi.
Athassa bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā
vipphurantahatthanakhamaṇimayūkhasambhinnasitābhatāya
paggharantajātihiṅgulakasuvaṇṇarasadhāraṃ viya
jālāguṇṭhitamudutalunadīghaṅgulihatthaṃ uttarassa sīse ṭhapetvā, ‘‘uttara, idaṃ
te purimakammassa phalaṃ uppannaṃ, tattha tayā paccavekkhaṇabalena adhivāsanā
kātabbā’’ti vatvā ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Uttaro amatābhisekasadisena
satthu hatthasamphassena sañjātappasādasomanassatāya uḷāraṃ pītipāmojjaṃ
paṭilabhitvā yathāparicitaṃ vipassanāmaggaṃ samārūḷho ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā
satthu ca desanāvilāsena tāvadeva maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbakilese khepetvā
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.56.55-92) –
‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;
Vivekakāmo bhagavā, himavantamupāgami.
‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā himavantaṃ, aggo kāruṇiko muni;
Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, nisīdi parisuttamo.
‘‘Vijjādharo tadā āsiṃ, antalikkhacaro ahaṃ;
Tisūlaṃ sugataṃ gayha, gacchāmi ambare tadā.
‘‘Pabbatagge yathā aggi, puṇṇamāyeva candimā;
Vanaṃ obhāsate buddho, sālarājāva phullito.
‘‘Vanaggā nikkhamitvāna,
buddharaṃsībhidhāvare;
Naḷaggivaṇṇasaṅkāsā, disvā cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.
‘‘Vicinaṃ addasaṃ pupphaṃ, kaṇikāraṃ devagandhikaṃ;
Tīṇi pupphāni ādāya, buddhaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Buddhassa ānubhāvena, tīṇi pupphāni me tadā;
Uddhaṃvaṇṭā adhopattā, chāyaṃ kubbanti satthuno.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, kaṇikārīti
ñāyati;
Saṭṭhiyojanamubbedhaṃ, tiṃsayojanavitthataṃ.
‘‘Sahassakaṇḍaṃ satabheṇḍu, dhajālu haritāmayaṃ;
Satasahassaniyyūhā, byamhe pātubhaviṃsu me.
‘‘Soṇṇamayā maṇimayā, lohitaṅkamayāpi ca;
Phalikāpi ca pallaṅkā, yenicchakā yadicchakā.
‘‘Mahārahañca sayanaṃ, tūlikā vikatīyutaṃ;
Uddhalomiñca ekantaṃ, bimbohanasamāyutaṃ.
‘‘Bhavanā nikkhamitvāna, caranto devacārikaṃ;
Yathā icchāmi gamanaṃ, devasaṅghapurakkhato.
‘‘Pupphassa heṭṭhā tiṭṭhāmi, uparicchadanaṃ mama;
Samantā yojanasataṃ, kaṇikārehi chāditaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhahuṃ;
Parivārenti maṃ niccaṃ, rattindivamatanditā.
‘‘Tattha naccehi gītehi, tāḷehi vāditehi ca;
Ramāmi khiḍḍā ratiyā, modāmi kāmakāmahaṃ.
‘‘Tattha bhutvā pivitvā ca, modāmi tidase tadā;
Nārīgaṇehi sahito, modāmi byamhamuttame.
‘‘Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca,
devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Bhave bhave saṃsaranto, mahābhogaṃ labhāmahaṃ;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;
Aññaṃ gatiṃ na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye cāpi brāhmaṇe;
Nīce kule na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, sivikaṃ sandamānikaṃ;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dāsīgaṇaṃ dāsagaṇaṃ, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Koseyyakambaliyāni , khomakappāsikāni ca;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Navavatthaṃ navaphalaṃ, navaggarasabhojanaṃ;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Imaṃ khāda imaṃ bhuñja, imamhi sayane saya;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sabbattha pūjito homi, yaso accuggato mama;
Mahāpakkho sadā homi, abhejjapariso sadā;
Ñātīnaṃ uttamo homi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ na jānāmi, pariḷāho na vijjati;
Atho cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, hadaye me na vijjati.
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hutvāna, saṃsarāmi bhavābhave;
Vevaṇṇiyaṃ na jānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Sāvatthiyaṃ pure jāto, mahāsāle suaḍḍhake.
‘‘Pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
Jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Upasampādayī buddho, guṇamaññāya cakkhumā;
Taruṇo pūjanīyohaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;
Abhiññāpāramippatto, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Paṭisambhidā anuppatto, iddhipādesu kovido;
Dhammesu pāramippatto, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño puna hutvā sūlato uṭṭhahitvā parānuddayāya ākāse ṭhatvā pāṭihāriyaṃ
dassesi. Mahājano acchariyabbhutacittajāto ahosi. Tāvadevassa vaṇo saṃrūḷhi, so
bhikkhūhi, ‘‘āvuso, tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavanto kathaṃ tvaṃ vipassanaṃ
anuyuñjituṃ asakkhī’’ti puṭṭho, ‘‘pageva me, āvuso, saṃsāre ādīnavo,
saṅkhārānañca sabhāvo sudiṭṭho, evāhaṃ tādisaṃ
dukkhaṃ anubhavantopi asakkhiṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā visesaṃ adhigantu’’nti
dassento –
121.
‘‘Natthi koci bhavo nicco, saṅkhārā vāpi sassatā;
Uppajjanti ca te khandhā, cavanti aparāparaṃ.
122.
‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, bhavenamhi anatthiko;
Nissaṭo sabbakāmehi, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. –
Imaṃ gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha natthi
koci bhavo niccoti kammabhavo upapattibhavo kāmabhavo rūpabhavo
arūpabhavo saññībhavo asaññībhavo nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo ekavokārabhavo
catuvokārabhavo pañcavokārabhavoti evaṃbhedo, tatthāpi hīno majjhimo ukkaṭṭho
dīghāyuko sukhabahulo vomissasukhadukkhoti evaṃvibhāgo yokoci nicco dhuvo thiro
apalokiyadhammo natthi taṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca samuppannattā. Yasmā ca etadevaṃ,
tasmā saṅkhārā vāpi
sassatā natthīti yojanā. Paccayehi saṅkhatattā
‘‘saṅkhārā’’ti laddhanāme hi pañcakkhandhe upādāya bhavasamaññāya saṅkhārāva
hutvā sambhūtā jarāmaraṇena ca vipariṇamantīti asassatā vipariṇāmadhammā. Tathā
hi te ‘‘saṅkhārā’’ti vuccanti. Tenāha uppajjanti
ca te khandhā, cavanti aparāparanti. Te bhavapariyāyena
saṅkhārapariyāyena ca vuttā pañcakkhandhā yathāpaccayaṃ aparāparaṃ uppajjanti,
uppannā ca jarāya paripīḷitā hutvā cavanti paribhijjantīti attho. Etena ‘‘bhavo,
saṅkhārā’’ti ca laddhavohārā pañcakkhandhā udayabbayasabhāvāti dasseti. Yasmā
tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre sammasantassa tayopi bhavā ādittaṃ viya saṅkhate ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ
pageva vipassanāpaññāya jānitvā aniccalakkhaṇehi diṭṭhā saṅkhārā dukkhānattā
vibhūtatarā upaṭṭhahanti, tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ
tadanattā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15).
Yasmā tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā saṅkhāre sammasantassa tayopi bhavā ādittaṃ viya
agāraṃ sappaṭibhayā upaṭṭhahanti, tasmā āha ‘‘bhavenamhi
anatthiko’’ti. Evaṃ pana sabbaso bhavehi vinivattiyamānassa kāmesu
apekkhāya lesopi na sambhavatiyeva, tenāha ‘‘nissaṭo
sabbakāmehī’’ti, amhīti yojanā. Mānusehi viya dibbehipi kāmehi
nivattitacittosmīti attho. Patto
me āsavakkhayoti yasmā evaṃ suparimajjitasaṅkhāro bhavesu
suparidiṭṭhādīnavo kāmesu ca anāsattamānaso
tasmā sūlamatthake nisinnenāpi me mayā patto adhigato āsavakkhayo
nibbānaṃ arahattañcāti. Aññehi ca sabrahmacārīhi appattamānasehi tadadhigamāya
ussāho karaṇīyoti bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.
Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Piṇḍolabhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nayidaṃanayenātiādikā
āyasmato piṇḍolabhāradvājattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle sīhayoniyaṃ nibbattitvā pabbataguhāyaṃ viharati. Bhagavā tassa
anuggahaṃ kātuṃ gocarāya pakkantakāle sayanaguhaṃ pavisitvā nirodhaṃ
samāpajjitvā nisīdi. Sīho gocaraṃ gahetvā nivatto guhādvāre bhagavantaṃ disvā
haṭṭhatuṭṭho jalajathalajapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā cittaṃ pasādento bhagavato
ārakkhatthāya araññe vāḷamige apanetuṃ tīsu velāsu sīhanādaṃ nadanto
buddhagatāya satiyā aṭṭhāsi. Yathā paṭhamadivasaṃ, evaṃ sattāhaṃ pūjesi. Bhagavā
sattāhaccayena nirodhā vuṭṭhahitvā ‘‘vattissati imassa ettako upanissayo’’ti
tassa passantasseva ākāsaṃ pakkhanditvā vihārameva gato. Sīho pālileyyakahatthī
viya buddhaviyogadukkhaṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto kālaṃ katvā haṃsavatīnagare
mahābhogakule nibbattitvā vayappatto nagaravāsīhi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato
dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā
aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle kosambiyaṃ rañño
utenassa purohitaputto hutvā nibbatti bhāradvājo nāma
nāmena. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā pañca māṇavakasatāni mante vācento
mahagghasabhāvena ananurūpācārattā tehi pariccajjanto rājagahaṃ gantvā bhagavato
bhikkhusaṅghassa ca lābhasakkāraṃ disvā sāsane pabbajitvā bhojane amattaññū
hutvā vicaranto satthārā upāyena mattaññutāya
patiṭṭhāpito vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.104-109) –
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, vipine vicaraṃ tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.
‘‘Piyālaphalamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Puññakkhettassa vīrassa, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā ‘‘bhagavato sammukhā yaṃ sāvakehi pattabbaṃ, taṃ mayā
patta’’nti, bhikkhusaṅghe ca ‘‘yassa magge vā phale vā kaṅkhā atthi, so maṃ
pucchatū’’ti sīhanādaṃ nadi. Tena taṃ bhagavā, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama
sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sīhanādikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājo’’ti (a. ni. 1.188,
195) etadagge ṭhapesi. So ekadivasaṃ attano
santikaṃ upagataṃ gihikāle sahāyabhūtaṃ macchariṃ micchādiṭṭhibrāhmaṇaṃ
anukampamāno tassa dānakathaṃ kathetvā tena ca ‘‘ayaṃ mama dhanaṃ
vināsetukāmo’’ti bhakuṭiṃ katvāpi ‘‘tuyhaṃ ekabhattaṃ demī’’ti vutte, ‘‘taṃ
saṅghassa dehi mā mayha’’nti saṅghassa pariṇāmesi. Puna brāhmaṇena ‘‘ayaṃ maṃ
bahūnaṃ dāpetukāmo’’ti appaccaye pakāsite dutiyadivasaṃ dhammasenāpatinā
saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya mahapphalabhāvappakāsanena taṃ pasādetvā, ‘‘ayaṃ
brāhmaṇo ‘āhāragedhena maṃ dāne nīyojesī’ti maññati, āhārassa pana mayā sabbaso
pariññātabhāvaṃ na jānāti, handa naṃ jānāpemī’’ti –
123.
‘‘Nayidaṃ anayena jīvitaṃ, nāhāro hadayassa santiko;
Āhāraṭṭhitiko samussayo, iti disvāna carāmi esanaṃ.
124.
‘‘Paṅkoti hi naṃ avedayuṃ, yāyaṃ
vandanapūjanā kulesu;
Sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ, sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha nayidaṃ anayena
jīvitanti idaṃ mama jīvitaṃ anayena añāyena veḷudānapupphadānādianesanāya
na hoti jīvitanikantiyā abhāvato. Nāhāro
hadayassa santikoti āhāro ca āhariyamāno maggaphalañāṇaṃ viya hadayassa
cittassa santikaro na hoti, kevalaṃ pana sajjukaṃ khudāpaṭighātamattaṃ karotīti
adhippāyo. Atha vā nāhāro
hadayassa santikoti āhāro rasataṇhāvatthu me hadayassa santiko āsatto na
hoti rasataṇhāya eva abhāvato. ‘‘Santike’’tipi paṭhanti. Yo hi āhāragiddho
lābhasakkārappasuto vicarati, tassa āhāro hadayassa santike nāma abhiṇhaṃ
manasikātabbato. Yo pana pariññātāhāro, so tattha pahīnacchandarāgo, na
tassāhāro hadayassa santike nāma – ‘‘kathaṃ
nu kho labheyya’’ntiādimanasikaraṇasseva abhāvato. Yadi hi jīvitanikanti
āhārarasataṇhā ca natthi, atha kasmā piṇḍāya carasīti anuyogaṃ manasi katvā āha ‘‘āhāraṭṭhitiko
samussayo, iti disvāna carāmi esana’’nti. Āhāro bhojanaṃ ṭhiti ṭhānaṃ
paccayo etassāti āhāraṭṭhitiko. ‘‘Āhārapaṭibaddhavuttiko samussayo kāyo’’iti
disvāna evaṃ ñatvā imamatthaṃ buddhiyaṃ ṭhapetvā
carāmi esanaṃ, bhikkhāpariyesanaṃ karomīti attho.
Paccayanimittaṃ kulāni upasaṅkamanto tattha vandanapūjanāhi lābhasakkārehi ca
bajjhatīti evaṃ mādisesu na cintetabbanti dassento ‘‘paṅko’’tigāthaṃ
abhāsi. Tassattho – yā
ayaṃ paccayanimittaṃ upagatānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ kulesu gehavāsīsu
pavattissati guṇasambhāvanā pūjanā ca,
yasmā taṃ abhāvitattānaṃ osīdāpanaṭṭhena malīnabhāvakaraṇena ca paṅko kaddamoti
buddhādayo avedayuṃ abbhaññāsuṃ
pavedesuṃ vā, tasmā sā sappurisānaṃ bandhāya
na hoti sakkārāsāya pageva pahīnattā. Asappurisassa pana sakkārāsā
duviññeyyasabhāvatāya pīḷājananato anto tudanato uddharituṃ asakkuṇeyyato ca sukhumaṃ
sallaṃ durubbahaṃ. Tato eva tena sakkāro
kāpurisena dujjaho durubbaheyyo tassa pahānapaṭipattiyā
appaṭipajjanato, sakkārāsāpahānena pahīno hotīti. Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo there
abhippasanno ahosi.
Piṇḍolabhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Makkaṭo pañcadvārāyantiādikā
āyasmato valliyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ gato tattha nāradaṃ nāma
paccekasambuddhaṃ rukkhamūle vasantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso naḷehi sālaṃ katvā
tiṇehi chādetvā adāsi. Caṅkamanaṭṭhānañcassa sodhetvā vālukā okiritvā adāsi. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti, valliyotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto yobbanamanuppatto indriyavasiko hutvā vicaranto
kalyāṇamittasaṃsaggena bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.93-103) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, hārito nāma pabbato;
Sayambhū nārado nāma, rukkhamūle vasī tadā.
‘‘Naḷāgāraṃ karitvāna, tiṇena chādayiṃ ahaṃ;
Caṅkamaṃ sodhayitvāna, sayambhussa adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, naḷakuṭikanimmitaṃ;
Saṭṭhiyojanamubbedhaṃ, tiṃsayojanavitthataṃ.
‘‘Catuddasesu kappesu, devaloke ramiṃ ahaṃ;
Ekasattatikkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ.
‘‘Catuttiṃsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Dhammapāsādamāruyha, sabbākāravarūpamaṃ;
Yadicchakāhaṃ vihare, sakyaputtassa sāsane.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, naḷakuṭiyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā puthujjanakāle attano
cittassa rūpādiārammaṇesu yathākāmappavattiyā, idāni ariyamaggena
niggahitabhāvassa ca vibhāvanena aññaṃ byākaronto –
125.
‘‘Makkaṭo pañcadvārāyaṃ, kuṭikāyaṃ pasakkiya;
Dvārena anupariyeti, ghaṭṭayanto muhuṃ muhuṃ.
126.
‘‘Tiṭṭha makkaṭa mā dhāvi, na hi te taṃ yathā pure;
Niggahītosi paññāya, neva dūraṃ gamissasī’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ghaṭṭayantoti
attano lolabhāvena rukkhassa aññaṃ sākhaṃ muñcitvā aññassa gahaṇena anekavāraṃ
tattha rukkhaṃ cālento phalūpabhogamakkaṭo viya tena tena cakkhādidvārena
rūpādiārammaṇesu aññaṃ muñcitvā aññaṃ gaṇhanto cittasantānassa samādānavasena
niccalaṃ ṭhātuṃ appadānena abhikkhaṇaṃ
ghaṭṭayanto cālento tasmiṃyeva rūpādiārammaṇe anuparivattati yathākāmaṃ
vicarati. Vattamānasamīpatāya cettha vattamānavacanaṃ. Evaṃ anupariyanto ca tiṭṭha,
makkaṭa, mā dhāvi tvaṃ, cittamakkaṭa, idāni tiṭṭha mā dhāvi,
ito paṭṭhāya te dhāvituṃ na sakkā, tasmā na
hi te taṃ yathā pūre yasmā taṃ attabhāvagehaṃ pubbe viya na
te sevitaṃ pihitadvārabhāvato, kiñca niggahītosi
paññāya sayañca idāni maggapaññāya
kilesābhisaṅkhārasaṅkhātānaṃ pādānaṃ chedanena accantikaṃ niggahaṃ pattosi,
tasmā neva dūraṃ
gamissasi ito attabhāvato dūraṃ dutiyādiattabhāvaṃ neva
gamissasi yāvacarimakacittaṃ eva te gamananti dasseti. ‘‘Neto dūra’’ntipi pāṭho,
so evattho.
Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Gaṅgātīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Tiṇṇaṃ me tālapattānantiādikā
āyasmato gaṅgātīriyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto sāsane abhippasanno hutvā
bhikkhusaṅghassa pānīyamadāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa gahapatissa putto hutvā nibbatti, ‘‘datto’’tissa nāmaṃ
ahosi. So vayappatto gharāvāsaṃ vasanto
agamanīyaṭṭhānabhāvaṃ ajānitvā vītikkamaṃ katvā puna agamanīyaṭṭhānabhāvaṃ ñatvā
saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā taṃ kammaṃ jigucchitvā lūkhapaṭipattiṃ anutiṭṭhanto
paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ chavasittasadisaṃ mattikāpattañca gahetvā gaṅgātīre tīhi
tālapattehi kuṭikaṃ katvā vihāsi, tenevassa gaṅgātīriyoti
samaññā ahosi. So ‘‘arahattaṃ appatvā na kenaci sallapissāmī’’ti cittaṃ
adhiṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ saṃvaccharaṃ tuṇhībhūto vacībhedaṃ akarontova vihāsi. Dutiye
saṃvacchare gocaragāme aññatarāya itthiyā ‘‘mūgo nu kho no’’ti vīmaṃsitukāmāya
patte khīraṃ āsiñcantiyā hatthavihāre katepi
okirite, ‘‘alaṃ, bhaginī’’ti vācaṃ nicchari. Tatiye pana saṃvacchare
antaravasseva ghaṭayanto vāyamanto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.51-56) –
‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa , bhikkhusaṅghe
anuttare;
Pasannacitto sumano, pānīghaṭamapūrayiṃ.
‘‘Pabbatagge dumagge vā, ākāse vātha bhūmiyaṃ;
Yadā pānīyamicchāmi, khippaṃ nibbattate mama.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dakadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahā pana hutvā attano pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā vibhāvanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto
–
127.
‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ me tālapattānaṃ, gaṅgātīre kuṭī katā;
Chavasittova me patto, paṃsukūlañca cīvaraṃ.
128.
‘‘Dvinnaṃ antaravassānaṃ, ekā vācā me bhāsitā;
Tatiye antaravassamhi, tamokhandho padālito’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha tiṇṇaṃ me
tālapattānaṃ, gaṅgātīre kuṭī katāti tālarukkhato pahitehi tīhi
tālapaṇṇehi mayhaṃ vassanapariharaṇatthaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre kuṭikā katā. Tena
attano senāsanasantosaṃ dasseti. Vuttañhi dhammasenāpatinā –
‘‘Pallaṅkena nisinnassa, jaṇṇuke nābhivassati;
Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’ti. (theragā. 985; mi. pa. 6.1.1);
‘‘Tālapattīna’’ntipi pāṭho, so evattho. Chavasittova
me pattoti mayhaṃ patto chavasittasadiso, matānaṃ
khīrasecanakuṇḍasadisoti attho . Paṃsukūlañca
cīvaranti cīvarañca me antaramaggasusānādīsu chaḍḍitanantakehi kataṃ
paṃsukūlaṃ. Padadvayena parikkhārasantosaṃ dasseti.
Dvinnaṃantaravassānanti
dvīsu antaravassesu pabbajitato arahattamappattasaṃvaccharesu. Ekā
vācā me bhāsitāti ekā, ‘‘alaṃ, bhaginī’’ti khīrapaṭikkhepavācā eva mayā
vuttā, añño tattha vacībhedo nāhosi. Tena ukkaṃsagataṃ kāyavacīsaṃyamaṃ dasseti. Tatiye
antaravassamhīti tatiyassa
saṃvaccharassa abbhantare, tasmiṃ aparipuṇṇeyeva. Tamokhandho
padālitoti aggamaggena tamokhandho bhinno, avijjānusayo samucchinnoti
attho. Tena tadekaṭṭhatāya sabbakilesānaṃ anavasesappahānaṃ vadati.
Gaṅgātīriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Ajinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Api ce hoti tevijjotiādikā
āyasmato ajinattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto buddhasuññe loke kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ gato tattha sucintitaṃ nāma
paccekasambuddhaṃ ābādhena pīḷitaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā
bhesajjatthāya pasannamānaso ghatamaṇḍaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa daliddabrāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Taṃ
vijāyanakāle ajinacammena sampaṭicchiṃsu. Tenassa ajinotveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So bhogasaṃvattaniyassa kammassa akatattā daliddakule nibbatto
vayappattopi appannapānabhojano hutvā vicaranto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe
buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.43.78-87) –
‘‘Sucintitaṃ bhagavantaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ
narāsabhaṃ;
Upaviṭṭhaṃ mahāraññaṃ, vātābādhena pīḷitaṃ.
‘‘Disvā cittaṃ pasādetvā, ghatamaṇḍamupānayiṃ;
Katattā ācitattā ca, gaṅgā bhāgīrathī ayaṃ.
‘‘Mahāsamuddā cattāro, ghataṃ sampajjare mama;
Ayañca pathavī ghorā, appamāṇā asaṅkhiyā.
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, bhavate madhusakkarā;
Cātuddīpā ime rukkhā, pādapā dharaṇīruhā.
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, kapparukkhā bhavanti te;
Paññāsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ.
‘‘Ekapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ghatamaṇḍassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvāpi purimakammanissandena appalābhī appaññātova ahosi.
Uddesabhattasalākabhattānipi lāmakāneva pāpuṇanti. Kammaphaleneva ca naṃ
puthujjanā bhikkhū sāmaṇerā ca ‘‘appaññāto’’ti avamaññanti. Thero te bhikkhū
saṃvejento –
129.
‘‘Api ce hoti tevijjo, maccuhāyī anāsavo;
Appaññātoti naṃ bālā, avajānanti ajānatā.
130.
‘‘Yo ca kho
annapānassa, lābhī hotīdha puggalo;
Pāpadhammopi ce hoti, so nesaṃ hoti sakkato’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha apīti
sambhāvane nipāto. Ceti
parikappane. Hotīti
bhavati. Tisso vijjā etassāti tevijjo.
Maccuṃ pajahatīti maccuhāyī.
Kāmāsavādīnaṃ abhāvena anāsavo.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇanti imāsaṃ
tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ adhigatattā tevijjo tato
eva sabbaso kāmāsavādīnaṃ parikkhīṇattā anāsavo āyatiṃ
punabbhavassa aggahaṇato maraṇābhāvena maccuhāyī yadipi
hoti, evaṃ santepi appaññātoti
naṃ bālā avajānanti yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā
anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, taṃ sadatthaṃ anupāpuṇitvā ṭhitampi naṃ uttamaṃ purisaṃ
‘‘dhutavādo bahussuto dhammakathiko’’ti uppannalābhassa abhāvato ‘‘na paññāto na
pākaṭo’’ti bālā dummedhapuggalā avajānanti, kasmā? Ajānatā ajānanakāraṇā
guṇānaṃ ajānanameva tattha kāraṇanti dasseti.
Yathā ca guṇānaṃ ajānanato bālā lābhagarutāya sambhāvanīyampi avajānanti, evaṃ
guṇānaṃ ajānanato lābhagarutāya evaṃ avajānitabbampi sambhāventīti dassento
dutiyaṃ gāthaṃ āha. Tattha yoti
aniyamavacanaṃ. Ca-saddo
byatireke, tena yathāvuttapuggalato imassa puggalassa vuccamānaṃyeva visesaṃ
janeti. Khoti
avadhāraṇe. Annapānassāti
nidassanamattaṃ. Lābhīti
lābhavā. Idhāti
imasmiṃ loke. Jarāmaraṇehi tassa tassa sattāvāsassa pūraṇato galanato ca puggalo.
Pāpadhammoti lāmakadhammo. Ayañhettha attho – yo pana puggalo
cīvarādipaccayamattasseva lābhī hoti, na jhānādīnaṃ, so pāpicchatāya
dussīlabhāvena hīnadhammopi samāno idha imasmiṃ loke bālānaṃ lābhagarutāya
sakkato garukato hotīti.
Ajinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Meḷajinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yadāhaṃdhammamassosintiādikā
āyasmato meḷajinattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso madhuraṃ āmodaphalaṃ adāsi.
So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde bārāṇasiyaṃ
khattiyakule nibbattitvā meḷajinoti
laddhanāmo vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato paṇḍito byatto disāsu pākaṭo ahosi. So
bhagavati bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane viharante vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā
dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tadaheva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.57-62) –
‘‘Sahassaraṃsī bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;
Vivekā vuṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.
‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, avaṭaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aparabhāge bhikkhūhi, ‘‘āvuso, kiṃ tayā uttarimanussadhammo
adhigato’’ti puṭṭho sīhanādaṃ nadanto –
131.
‘‘Yadāhaṃ dhammamassosiṃ, bhāsamānassa
satthuno;
Na kaṅkhamabhijānāmi, sabbaññū aparājite.
132.
‘‘Satthavāhe mahāvīre, sārathīnaṃ varuttame;
Magge paṭipadāyaṃ vā, kaṅkhā mayhaṃ na vijjatī’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yadāti
yasmiṃ kāle. Ahanti
attānaṃ niddisati. Dhammanti
catusaccadhammaṃ. Assosinti
suṇiṃ. Satthunoti
diṭṭhadhammikādiatthehi veneyyānaṃ sāsanaṭṭhena satthuno. Kaṅkhanti
saṃsayaṃ. Saṅkhatamasaṅkhatañca anavasesato jānanaṭṭhena sabbaññū.
Kutocipi parājitā bhāvena aparājite.
Veneyyasattānaṃ saṃsārakantārato nibbānaṃ paṭivāhanaṭṭhena satthavāhe.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yato pabhuti ahaṃ satthuno dhammaṃ desentassa catusaccadhammaṃ
assosiṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāresiṃ upalabhiṃ, tato
paṭṭhāya anavasesasaṅkhatāsaṅkhatasammutidhammānaṃ sayambhūñāṇena jānanato sabbaññū anāvaraṇadassāvimhi,
pañcannampi mārānaṃ abhibhavanato tehi aparājitattā sadevake loke
appaṭihatadhammacakkattā ca aparājite, veneyyasattānaṃ
lobhakantārādito vāhanaṭṭhena satthavāhe, mahāvikkantatāya mahāvīre, aññehi
duddamānaṃ purisadammānaṃ saraṇato accantikena damathena damanato sārathīnaṃ pavarabhūte uttame sammāsambuddhe ,
‘‘buddho nu kho no nu kho’’ti kaṅkhaṃ
nābhijānāmi aparappaccayabhāvato. Tathārūpe desite ariyamagge tadupādāyabhūtāya
ca sīlādipaṭipadāya ‘‘niyyāniko
nu kho na nu kho’’ti kaṅkhā vicikicchā na
vijjati natthīti. Ettha ca ariyadhamme saṃsayābhāvakathanena
ariyasaṅghepi saṃsayābhāvo kathitoyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ tattha patiṭṭhitassa
anaññathābhāvatoti.
Meḷajinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Rādhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathā agāraṃ ducchannantiādikā
āyasmato rādhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vihāraṃ gantvā
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ
paṭibhāneyyakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā sayaṃ taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā
mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Satthu uḷārañca pūjaṃ
akāsi. So evaṃ katapaṇidhāno tato cuto tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto
vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
satthāraṃ piṇḍāya gacchantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso madhurāni ambaphalānī adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato
kāle rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā rādhoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto hutvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto mahallakakāle puttadārehi
apasādito, ‘‘kiṃ me gharāvāsena, pabbajissāmī’’ti vihāraṃ gantvā there bhikkhū
upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā tehi ‘‘ayaṃ brāhmaṇo jiṇṇo na sakkoti
vattapaṭivattaṃ pūretu’’nti paṭikkhitto satthu santikaṃ gantvā attano ajjhāsayaṃ
pavedetvā satthārā upanissayasampattiṃ oloketvā āṇattena dhammasenāpatinā
pabbājito vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.63-67) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, pādaphalaṃ adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthu santikāvacaro hutvā vicaranto satthu
dhammadesanāpaṭibhānassa paccayabhūtānaṃ paṭibhānajānanakānaṃ aggo jāto.
Therassa hi diṭṭhisamudācārañca āgamma dasabalassa navanavā
dhammadesanā paṭibhāti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ paṭibhāneyyakānaṃ yadidaṃ rādho’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 233). So
ekadivasaṃ ‘‘ime sattā abhāvanāya rāgena abhibhuyyanti, bhāvanāya sati taṃ
natthī’’ti bhāvanaṃ thomento ‘‘yathā
agāra’’ntiādinā gāthādvayamāha.
133-4.
Tattha agāranti
yaṃkiñci gehaṃ. Ducchannanti
viraḷacchannaṃ chiddāvachiddaṃ. Samativijjhatīti
vassavuṭṭhi vinivijjhati. Abhāvitanti
taṃ agāraṃ vuṭṭhi viya bhāvanāya rahitattā
abhāvitaṃ cittaṃ. Rāgo
samativijjhatīti na kevalaṃ rāgova dosamohamānādayopi sabbakilesā
tathārūpaṃ cittaṃ ativijjhantiyeva. Subhāvitanti
samathavipassanābhāvanāhi suṭṭhu bhāvitaṃ, evarūpaṃ cittaṃ succhannaṃ gehaṃ
vuṭṭhi viya rāgādayo kilesā ativijjhituṃ na sakkontīti.
Rādhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Surādhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Khīṇāhi
mayhaṃ jātītiādikā āyasmato surādhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannamānaso mātuluṅgaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde anantaraṃ
vuttassa rādhattherassa kaniṭṭho hutvā nibbatti, surādhotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So jeṭṭhabhātari rādhe pabbajite sayampi pabbajitvā vipassanāya
kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.68-72) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jalitaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;
Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Mātuluṅgaphalaṃ gayha, adāsiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;
Dakkhiṇeyyassa vīrassa, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvadassanatthaṃ aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘khīṇā
hī mayha’’ntiādinā gāthādvayamāha.
135-6.
Tattha khīṇāti
khayaṃ pariyosānaṃ gatā. Jātīti
bhavo bhavanibbatti vā. Vusitaṃ
jinasāsananti jinassa sammāsambuddhassa sāsanaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ
vuṭṭhaṃ parivuṭṭhaṃ. Pahīno
jālasaṅkhātoti sattasantānassa ottharaṇato nissarituṃ appadānato ca
‘‘jālasaṅkhāto’’ti ca laddhanāmā diṭṭhi avijjā ca pahīnā maggena samucchinnā. Bhavanetti
samūhatāti kāmabhavādikassa bhavassa nayanato pavattanato
bhavanettisaññitā taṇhā samugghāṭitā. Yassatthāya
pabbajitoti yassa atthāya yadatthaṃ ahaṃ agārasmā gehato anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ pabbajito upagato. So sabbesaṃ
orambhāgiyuddhambhāgiyappabhedānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ bandhanānaṃ khayabhūto attho nibbānasaṅkhāto
paramattho arahattasaṅkhāto sadattho ca mayā anuppatto adhigatoti
attho.
Surādhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sukhaṃsupantīti
āyasmato gotamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato
kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso āmodaphalamadāsi. Tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā gotamoti
laddhanāmo sattavassikakāle upanayanaṃ katvā ratanabhikkhaṃ caritvā sahassaṃ
labhitvā taṃ tādise ṭhāne ṭhapetvā vataṃ caranto soḷasasattarasavassuddesikakāle
akalyāṇamittehi kāmesu parinīyamāno ekissā rūpūpajīviniyā taṃ sahassabhaṇḍikaṃ
datvā brahmacariyavināsaṃ patvā tāya cassa brahmacārirūpaṃ disvā virattākāre
dassite ekarattivāseneva nibbinnarūpo attano brahmacariyanivāsaṃ dhanajāniñca
saritvā ‘‘ayuttaṃ mayā kata’’nti vippaṭisārī ahosi. Satthā tassa hetusampattiṃ
cittācārañca ñatvā tassa āsannaṭṭhāne attānaṃ
dassesi. So satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkami, tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ
desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajanto khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.80-84) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, āmodamadadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā jhānasukhena phalasukhena vītināmentaṃ eko gihisahāyo
upagantvā, ‘‘āvuso, tayā ratanabhikkhāya laddhaṃ pabbajanto kiṃ akāsī’’ti
pucchi. Taṃ sutvā thero ‘‘idaṃ nāma kata’’nti anācikkhitvā mātugāme dosaṃ
pakāsetvā attano vītarāgabhāvena aññaṃ byākaronto ‘‘sukhaṃ
supantī’’tiādinā gāthādvayamāha.
137.
Tattha sukhaṃ supanti
munayo, ye itthīsu na bajjhareti ye itthīsu visayabhūtāsu nimittabhūtāsu
vā rāgabandhanena na bajjhanti, te munayo tapassino saṃyatindriyā sukhaṃ supanti
sukhaṃ viharanti, natthi tesaṃ dukkhanti adhippāyo. ‘‘Supantī’’ti hi
nidassanamattametaṃ. Sadā
verakkhitabbāsūti
ekaṃsena sabbakālaṃ rakkhitabbāsu. Itthiyo hi sattabhūmike nippurise pāsāde
uparibhūmiyaṃ vasāpetvāpi, kucchiyaṃ pakkhipitvāpi na sakkā rakkhituṃ, tasmā tā
kiṭṭhādigāviyo viya sabbakālaṃ rakkhaṇīyā honti. Bahucittatāya vā sāmikena
vatthālaṅkārānuppadānādinā cittaññathattato sabbakālaṃ rakkhitabbā.
Sarīrasabhāvaṃ vā mālāgandhādīhi paṭicchādanavasena rakkhitabbacittatāya
rakkhitabbāti. Yāsu
saccaṃ sudullabhanti yāsu saccavacanaṃ laddhuṃ na sakkā, itthiyo hi
aggimpi pavisanti, visampi khādanti, satthampi āharanti, ubbandhitvāpi kālaṃ
karonti, na pana sacce ṭhātuṃ sakkonti. Tasmā evarūpā itthiyo vajjetvā ṭhitā
munayo sukhitā vatāti dasseti.
138.
Idāni yassa appahīnattā evarūpāsu itthīsupi
bajjhanti, tassa kāmassa attano suppahīnataṃ accantaniṭṭhitatañca dassento
dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Vadhaṃ
carimha te kāmāti ambho kāma, tava
vadhaṃ accantasamucchedaṃ ariyamaggena carimha, ‘‘vadhaṃ carimhase’’tipi pāṭho,
vadhāya pahānāya maggabrahmacariyaṃ acarimhāti attho. Anaṇā
dāni te mayanti idāni aggamaggapattito paṭṭhāya iṇabhāvakarāya pahīnattā
kāma te anaṇā mayaṃ, na tuyhaṃ iṇaṃ dhārema. Avītarāgo hi rāgassa vase vattanato
tassa iṇaṃ dhārento viya hoti, vītarāgo pana taṃ atikkamitvā paramena
cittissariyena samannāgato. Anaṇattā eva gacchāma
dāni nibbānaṃ, yattha gantvā na socati yasmiṃ nibbāne
gamanahetu sabbaso sokahetūnaṃ abhāvato na socati, taṃ anupādisesanibbānameva
idāni gacchāma anupāpuṇāmāti attho.
Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Vasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pubbe hanati attānanti
āyasmato vasabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto buddhasuññe loke brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā
vayappatto brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā nekkhammajjhāsayatāya
gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā cuddasasahassatāpasaparivāro
himavantassa avidūre samagge nāma pabbate assamaṃ kāretvā vasanto jhānābhiññāyo
nibbattetvā tāpasānaṃ ovādānusāsaniyo dento ekadivasaṃ evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ kho
dāni imehi tāpasehi sakkato garukato pūjito viharāmi, mayā pana pūjetabbo na
upalabbhati, dukkho kho panāyaṃ loke yadidaṃ
agaruvāso’’ti. Evaṃ pana cintetvā purimabuddhesu katādhikāratāya purimabuddhānaṃ
cetiye attanā kataṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ anussaritvā ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ purimabuddhe uddissa
pulinacetiyaṃ katvā pūjaṃ kareyya’’nti haṭṭhatuṭṭho iddhiyā
pulinathūpaṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ māpetvā suvaṇṇamayādīhi tisahassamattehi pupphehi
devasikaṃ pūjaṃ karonto yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā aparihīnajjhāno kālaṃ katvā
brahmaloke nibbatto. Tatthapi yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto tāvatiṃse nibbattitvā
aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ
licchavirājakule nibbattitvā vasabhoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto bhagavato vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.57-92) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, samaggo nāma pabbato;
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.
‘‘Nārado nāma nāmena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
Catuddasasahassāni, sissā paricaranti maṃ.
‘‘Paṭisallīnako santo, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
Sabbo jano maṃ pūjeti, nāhaṃ pūjemi kiñcanaṃ.
‘‘Na me ovādako atthi, vattā koci na vijjati;
Anācariyupajjhāyo, vane vāsaṃ upemahaṃ.
‘‘Upāsamāno yamahaṃ, garucittaṃ upaṭṭhahe;
So me ācariyo natthi, vanavāso niratthako.
‘‘Āyāgaṃ me gavesissaṃ, garuṃ bhāvaniyaṃ tathā;
Sāvassayo vasissāmi, na koci garahissati.
‘‘Uttānakūlā nadikā, supatitthā manoramā;
Saṃsuddhapulinākiṇṇā, avidūre mamassamaṃ.
‘‘Nadiṃ amarikaṃ nāma, upagantvānahaṃ tadā;
Saṃvaḍḍhayitvā pulinaṃ, akaṃ pulinacetiyaṃ.
‘‘Ye te ahesuṃ sambuddhā, bhavantakaraṇā munī;
Tesaṃ etādiso thūpo, taṃ nimittaṃ karomahaṃ.
‘‘Karitvā pulinaṃ thūpaṃ, sovaṇṇaṃ māpayiṃ
ahaṃ;
Soṇṇakiṅkaṇipupphāni, sahasse tīṇi pūjayiṃ.
‘‘Sāyapātaṃ namassāmi, vedajāto katañjalī;
Sammukhā viya sambuddhaṃ, vandiṃ pulinacetiyaṃ.
‘‘Yadā kilesā jāyanti, vitakkā gehanissitā;
Sarāmi sukataṃ thūpaṃ, paccavekkhāmi tāvade.
‘‘Upanissāya viharaṃ, satthavāhaṃ vināyakaṃ;
Kilese saṃvaseyyāsi, na yuttaṃ tava mārisa.
‘‘Saha āvajjite thūpe, gāravaṃ hoti me tadā;
Kuvitakke vinodesiṃ, nāgo tuttaṭṭito yathā.
‘‘Evaṃ viharamānaṃ maṃ, maccurājābhimaddatha;
Tattha kālaṅkato santo, brahmalokamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatāyuṃ vasitvāna, tidive upapajjahaṃ;
Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ.
‘‘Satānaṃ tīṇikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Soṇṇakiṅkaṇipupphānaṃ, vipākaṃ anubhomahaṃ;
Dhātīsatasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ bhave.
‘‘Thūpassa pariciṇṇattā, rajojallaṃ na limpati;
Gatte sedā na muccanti, suppabhāso bhavāmahaṃ.
‘‘Aho me sukato thūpo, sudiṭṭhāmarikā nadī;
Thūpaṃ katvāna pulinaṃ, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Kusalaṃ kattukāmena, jantunā sāragāhinā;
Natthi khettaṃ akhettaṃ vā, paṭipattīva sādhakā.
‘‘Yathāpi balavā poso, aṇṇavaṃtaritussahe;
Parittaṃ kaṭṭhamādāya, pakkhandeyya mahāsaraṃ.
‘‘Imāhaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ nissāya, tarissāmi
mahodadhiṃ;
Ussāhena vīriyena, tareyya udadhiṃ naro.
‘‘Tatheva me kataṃ kammaṃ, parittaṃ thokakañca yaṃ;
Taṃ kammaṃ upanissāya, saṃsāraṃ samatikkamiṃ.
‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, sukkamūlena codito;
Sāvatthiyaṃ pure jāto, mahāsāle suaḍḍhake.
‘‘Saddhā mātā pitā mayhaṃ, buddhassa saraṇaṃ gatā;
Ubho diṭṭhapadā ete, anuvattanti sāsanaṃ.
‘‘Bodhipapaṭikaṃ gayha, soṇṇathūpamakārayuṃ;
Sāyapātaṃ namassanti, sakyaputtassa sammukhā.
‘‘Uposathamhi divase, soṇṇathūpaṃ vinīharuṃ;
Buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ kittentā, tiyāmaṃ vītināmayuṃ.
‘‘Saha disvānahaṃ thūpaṃ, sariṃ pulinacetiyaṃ;
Ekāsane nisīditvā, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Gavesamāno taṃ vīraṃ, dhammasenāpatiddasaṃ;
Agārā nikkhamitvāna, pabbajiṃ tassa santike.
‘‘Jātiyā sattavassena, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ;
Upasampādayī buddho, guṇamaññāya cakkhumā.
‘‘Dārakeneva santena, kiriyaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ mayā;
Kataṃ me karaṇīyajja, sakyaputtassa sāsane.
‘‘Sabbaverabhayātīto, sabbasaṅgātigo isi;
Sāvako te mahāvīra, soṇṇathūpassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā dāyakānuggahaṃ karonto tehi upanīte paccaye na
paṭikkhipati, yathāladdheyeva paribhuñjati. Taṃ puthujjanā ‘‘ayaṃ
kāyadaḷhibahulo arakkhitacitto’’ti maññamānā avamaññanti. Thero taṃ agaṇentova
viharati. Tassa pana avidūre aññataro kuhakabhikkhu pāpiccho samāno appiccho
viya santuṭṭho viya attānaṃ dassento lokaṃ vañcento viharati. Mahājano taṃ
arahantaṃ viya sambhāveti. Athassa sakko devānamindo taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā theraṃ
upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, kiṃ nāma kuhako karotī’’ti pucchi. Thero pāpicchaṃ
garahanto –
139.
‘‘Pubbe hanati attānaṃ, pacchā hanati so pare;
Suhataṃ hanti attānaṃ, vītaṃseneva pakkhimā.
140.
‘‘Na brāhmaṇo bahivaṇṇo, antovaṇṇo hi brāhmaṇo;
Yasmiṃ pāpāni kammāni, sa ve kaṇho sujampatī’’ti. – gāthādvayamāha;
Tattha pubbe hanati
attānanti kuhakapuggalo attano kuhakavuttiyā lokaṃ vañcento
pāpicchatādīhi pāpadhammehi paṭhamameva attānaṃ hanati, attano kusalakoṭṭhāsaṃ
vināseti. Pacchā
hanati so pareti so kuhako paṭhamaṃ tāva vuttanayena attānaṃ hantvā
pacchā pare yehi ‘‘ayaṃ bhikkhu pesalo
ariyo’’ti vā sambhāventehi kārā katā, te hanati tesaṃ kārāni attani katāni
amahapphalāni katvā paccayavināsanena vināseti. Satipi kuhakassa ubhayahanane
attahanane pana ayaṃ visesoti dassento āha suhataṃ
hanti attānanti. So kuhako attānaṃ hananto suhataṃ katvā hanti vināseti,
yathā kiṃ? Vītaṃseneva
pakkhimāti, vītaṃsoti
dīpakasakuṇo, tena. Pakkhimāti
sākuṇiko. Yathā tena vītaṃsasakuṇena aññe sakuṇe vañcetvā hananto attānaṃ idha
lokepi hanati viññugarahasāvajjasabhāvādinā, samparāyaṃ pana
duggatiparikkilesena hanatiyeva, na pana te sakuṇe pacchā hantuṃ sakkoti, evaṃ
kuhakopi kohaññena lokaṃ vañcetvā idha lokepi attānaṃ
hanati vippaṭisāraviññugarahādīhi, paralokepi duggatiparikkilesehi, na pana te
paccayadāyake apāyadukkhaṃ pāpeti. Apica kuhako dakkhiṇāya
amahapphalabhāvakaraṇeneva dāyakaṃ hanatīti
vutto, na nipphalabhāvakaraṇena. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘dussīlassa
manussabhūtassa dānaṃ datvā sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā’’ti (ma. ni.
3.379). Tenāha ‘‘suhataṃ
hanti attāna’’nti.
Evaṃ bāhiraparimajjanamatte ṭhitā puggalā suddhā nāma na honti,
abbhantarasuddhiyā eva pana suddhā hontīti dassento ‘‘na
brāhmaṇo’’ti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho –
iriyāpathasaṇṭhapanādibahisampattimattena brāhmaṇo na hoti. Sampattiattho hi
idha vaṇṇa-saddo.
Abbhantare pana sīlādisampattiyā brāhmaṇo hoti, ‘‘bāhitapāpo brāhmaṇo’’ti
katvā. Tasmā ‘‘yasmiṃ
pāpāni lāmakāni kammāni saṃvijjanti,
ekaṃsena so kaṇho nihīnapuggalo’’ti sujampati, devānaminda,
jānāhi. Taṃ sutvā sakko kuhakabhikkhuṃ tajjetvā ‘‘dhamme vattāhī’’ti ovaditvā
sakaṭṭhānameva gato.
Vasabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dukanipāte paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. Mahācundattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sussūsāti āyasmato
mahācundattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kumbhakārakule
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kumbhakārakammena jīvanto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannamānaso ekaṃ mattikāpattaṃ svābhisaṅkhataṃ katvā bhagavato adāsi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe
nālakagāme rūpasāriyā brāhmaṇiyā putto sāriputtattherassa kaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā
nibbatti, cundotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto dhammasenāpatiṃ anupabbajitvā taṃ nissāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.39-50) –
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, kumbhakāro ahosahaṃ;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ.
‘‘Sukataṃ mattikāpattaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Pattaṃ datvā bhagavato, ujubhūtassa tādino.
‘‘Bhave nibbattamānohaṃ, soṇṇathāle labhāmahaṃ;
Rūpimaye ca sovaṇṇe, taṭṭike ca maṇīmaye.
‘‘Pātiyo paribhuñjāmi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ;
Yasānañca dhanānañca, aggabhūto ca homahaṃ.
‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;
Sammādhāraṃ pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.
‘‘Tathevidaṃ pattadānaṃ, buddhakhettamhi ropitaṃ;
Pītidhāre pavassante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.
‘‘Yāvatā khettā vijjanti, saṅghāpi ca gaṇāpi ca;
Buddhakhettasamo natthi, sukhado sabbapāṇinaṃ.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Ekapattaṃ daditvāna, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pattamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pattadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attanā
paṭiladdhasampattiyā kāraṇabhūtaṃ garūpanissayaṃ vivekavāsañca kittento –
141.
‘‘Sussūsā sutavaddhanī, sutaṃ paññāya vaddhanaṃ;
Paññāya atthaṃ jānāti, ñāto attho sukhāvaho.
142.
‘‘Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni, careyya
saṃyojanavippamokkhaṃ;
Sace ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tattha, saṅghe vase rakkhitatto satīmā’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha sussūsāti
sotabbayuttassa sabbasutassa sotumicchā, garusannivāsopi.
Diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañhi atthaṃ sotumicchantena kalyāṇamitte upasaṅkamitvā
vattakaraṇena payirupāsitvā yadā te payirupāsanāya ārādhitacittā kañci
upanisīditukāmā honti, atha ne upanisīditvā adhigatāya sotumicchāya ohitasotena
sotabbaṃ hotīti garusannivāsopi sussūsāhetutāya ‘‘sussūsā’’ti vuccati. Sā
panāyaṃ sussūsā saccapaṭiccasamuppādādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ sutaṃ taṃsamaṅgino
puggalassa vaḍḍheti brūhetīti sutavaddhanī, bāhusaccakārīti
attho. Sutaṃ paññāya
vaddhananti yaṃ taṃ ‘‘sutadharo sutasannicayo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.339; a. ni.
4.22) ‘‘idhekaccassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇa’’nti (a. ni.
4.6) ca evamādinā nayena vuttaṃ bāhusaccaṃ, taṃ
akusalappahānakusalādhigamanahetubhūtaṃ paññaṃ vaddhetīti sutaṃ paññāya
vaddhanaṃ, vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Sutāvudho kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti,
sāvajjaṃ pajahati, anavajjaṃ bhāveti, suddhaṃ attānaṃ pariharatī’’ti (a. ni.
7.67).
Paññāya atthaṃ jānātīti
bahussuto sutamayañāṇe ṭhito taṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjanto sutānusārena
atthūpaparikkhāya dhammanijjhānena bhāvanāya ca lokiyalokuttarabhedaṃ
diṭṭhadhammādivibhāgaṃ dukkhādivibhāgañca
atthaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ca paṭivijjhati ca, tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘Sutassa yathāpariyattassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno
hotī’’ti (a. ni. 4.6).
‘‘Dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhati,
atthaṃ upaparikkhato dhammā nijjhānaṃ khamanti, dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā sati
chando jāyati, chandajāto ussahati, ussahitvā tuleti, tulayitvā padahati,
pahitatto samāno kāyena ceva paramasaccaṃ
sacchikaroti, paññāya ca naṃ ativijjha passatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.432) ca.
Ñāto attho sukhāvahoti
yathāvutto diṭṭhadhammikādiattho ceva dukkhādiattho ca yāthāvato ñāto adhigato
lokiyalokuttarabhedaṃ sukhaṃ āvahati nipphādetīti attho.
Ṭhitāya bhāvanāpaññāya sutamatteneva na sijjhatīti tassā paṭipajjanavidhiṃ
dassento ‘‘sevetha…pe…vippamokkha’’nti
āha. Tattha sevetha
pantāni senāsanānīti kāyavivekamāha. Tena saṃyojanappahānassa ca
vakkhamānattā vivekārahasseva vivekavāsoti sīlasaṃvarādayo idha avuttasiddhā
veditabbā. Careyya
saṃyojanavippamokkhanti yathā saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vippamuccati, tathā
vipassanābhāvanaṃ maggabhāvanañca careyya paṭipajjeyyāti attho. Sace
ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tatthāti tesu pantasenāsanesu yathāladdhesu
adhikusaladhammesu ca ratiṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesassa alābhato abhiratiṃ na
labheyya, saṅghe bhikkhusamūhe rakkhitatto kammaṭṭhānaparigaṇhanato
rakkhitacitto chasu dvāresu satiārakkhāya upaṭṭhapanena satimā
vaseyya vihareyya, evaṃ viharantassa ca api nāma
saṃyojanavippamokkho bhaveyyāti adhippāyo.
Mahācundattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Jotidāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ye kho teti āyasmato
jotidāsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ
patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannacitto
kāsumārikaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
pādiyatthajanapade vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa putto hutvā nibbatti, jotidāsotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patvā gharamāvasanto ekadivasaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ
attano gāme piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannacitto bhojetvā therassa santike
dhammaṃ sutvā attano gāmasamīpe pabbate mahantaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā theraṃ tattha
vāsetvā catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahanto therassa dhammadesanāya paṭiladdhasaṃvego
pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.51-56) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jotantaṃ, nisinnaṃ pabbatantare;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;
Kāsumārikamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā visesato vinayapiṭake
sukusalabhāvaṃ patvā dasavassiko parisupaṭṭhāko ca hutvā bahūhi bhikkhūhi
saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ gacchanto antarāmagge
addhānaparissamavinodanatthaṃ titthiyānaṃ ārāmaṃ pavisitvā ekamantaṃ nisinno
ekaṃ pañcatapaṃ tapantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ disvā, ‘‘kiṃ, brāhmaṇa, aññasmiṃ tapanīye
aññaṃ tapatī’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo kupito, ‘‘bho, muṇḍaka, kiṃ aññaṃ
tapanīya’’nti āha. Thero tassa –
‘‘Kopo ca issā paraheṭhanā ca, māno ca sārambhamado pamādo;
Taṇhā avijjā bhavasaṅgatī ca, te tappanīyā na hi rūpakhandho’’ti. –
Gāthāya dhammaṃ desesi. Taṃ sutvā so brāhmaṇo tasmiṃ titthiyārāme sabbe
aññatitthiyā ca therassa santike pabbajiṃsu. Thero tehi saddhiṃ
sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā katipāhaṃ tattha vasitvā attano
jātibhūmiṃyeva gato dassanatthaṃ upagatesu ñātakesu nānāladdhike yaññasuddhike
ovadanto –
143.
‘‘Ye kho te veṭhamissena, nānattena ca
kammunā;
Manusse uparundhanti, pharusūpakkamā janā;
Tepi tattheva kīranti, na hi kammaṃ panassati.
144.
‘‘Yaṃ karoti naro kammaṃ, kalyāṇaṃ yadi pāpakaṃ;
Tassa tasseva dāyādo, yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ pakubbatī’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yeti
aniyamuddeso. Teti
aniyamato eva paṭiniddeso. Padadvayassāpi ‘‘janā’’ti iminā sambandho. Khoti
nipātamattaṃ. Veṭhamissenāti
varattakhaṇḍādinā sīsādīsu veṭhadānena. ‘‘Vedhamissenā’’tipi pāḷi, so evattho. Nānattena
ca kammunāti hananaghātanahatthapādādicchedanena khuddakaseḷadānādinā ca
nānāvidhena parūpaghātakammena. Manusseti
nidassanamattaṃ, tasmā ye keci satteti adhippāyo. Uparundhantīti
vibādhenti. Pharusūpakkamāti
dāruṇapayogā, kurūrakammantāti attho. Janāti
sattā. Tepi tattheva
kīrantīti te vuttappakārā puggalā yāhi kammakāraṇāhi aññe bādhiṃsu. Tattheva tāsuyeva
kāraṇāsu sayampi kīranti pakkhipīyanti, tathārūpaṃyeva dukkhaṃ anubhavantīti
attho. ‘‘Tatheva kīrantī’’ti ca pāṭho, yathā sayaṃ aññesaṃ dukkhaṃ akaṃsu,
tatheva aññehi karīyanti, dukkhaṃ pāpīyantīti attho, kasmā? Na
hi kammaṃ panassati kammañhi ekantaṃ upacitaṃ vipākaṃ adatvā
na vigacchati, avasesapaccayasamavāye vipaccatevāti adhippāyo.
Idāni ‘‘na hi kammaṃ panassatī’’ti saṅkhepato vuttamatthaṃ vibhajitvā sattānaṃ
kammassakataṃ vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘yaṃ
karotī’’ti gāthaṃ abhāsi. Tassattho yaṃ
kammaṃ kalyāṇaṃ kusalaṃ, yadi vā pāpakaṃ akusalaṃ
satto karoti, karonto
ca tattha yaṃ kammaṃ yathā
phaladānasamatthaṃ hoti, tathā pakubbati upacinoti. Tassa
tasseva dāyādoti tassa tasseva kammaphalassa gaṇhanato tena tena kammena
dātabbavipākassa bhāgī hotīti attho. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘kammassakā, māṇava,
sattā kammadāyādā’’tiādi (ma. ni. 3.289). Imā gāthā sutvā therassa ñātakā
kammassakatāyaṃ patiṭṭhahiṃsūti.
Jotidāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Heraññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Accayantiahorattāti
āyasmato heraññakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto paresaṃ
bhatako hutvā jīvanto ekadivasaṃ sujātassa nāma satthusāvakassa paṃsukūlaṃ
pariyesantassa upaḍḍhadussaṃ pariccaji. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu
nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalarañño
gāmabhojakassa coravosāsakassa putto hutvā nibbatti, heraññakānītissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto pitu accayena raññā tasmiṃyeva gāmabhojakaṭṭhāne
ṭhapito jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho attano
kaniṭṭhassa taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ dāpetvā rājānaṃ āpucchitvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.31-40) –
‘‘Padumuttarabhagavato, sujāto nāma sāvako;
Paṃsukūlaṃ gavesanto, saṅkāre carate tadā.
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, paresaṃ bhatako ahaṃ;
Upaḍḍhadussaṃ datvāna, sirasā abhivādayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Tettiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo,
devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Sattasattatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ;
Upaḍḍhadussadānena, modāmi akutobhayo.
‘‘Icchamāno cahaṃ ajja, sakānanaṃ sapabbataṃ;
Khomadussehi chādeyyaṃ, aḍḍhadussassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, aḍḍhadussassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano kaniṭṭhabhātaraṃ tato kammato nivattetukāmo
tasmiṃyeva kamme abhirataṃ disvā taṃ codento –
145.
‘‘Accayanti ahorattā, jīvitaṃ uparujjhati;
Āyu khīyati maccānaṃ, kunnadīnaṃva odakaṃ.
146.
‘‘Atha pāpāni kammāni, karaṃ bālo na bujjhati;
Pacchāssa kaṭukaṃ hoti, vipāko hissa pāpako’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha accayantīti
atikkamanti, lahuṃ lahuṃ apagacchantīti attho. Ahorattāti
rattindivā. Jīvitaṃ
uparujjhatīti jīvitindriyañca khaṇikanirodhavasena nirujjhati. Vuttañhi
‘‘khaṇe khaṇe, tvaṃ bhikkhu, jāyasi ca jiyyasi ca miyyasi ca cavasi ca
upapajjasi cā’’ti. Āyu
khīyati maccānanti maritabbasabhāvattā maccāti
laddhanāmānaṃ imesaṃ sattānaṃ āyu ‘‘yo
ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.91; saṃ. ni. 2.143;
a. ni. 7.74) evaṃ paricchinnakālaparamāyu khīyati khayañca
sambhedañca gacchati, yathā kiṃ? Kunnadīnaṃva
odakaṃ yathā nāma kunnadīnaṃ pabbateyyānaṃ khuddakanadīnaṃ
udakaṃ ciraṃ na tiṭṭhati, lahutaraṃ khīyati, āgatamattaṃyeva vigacchati, evaṃ
sattānaṃ āyu lahutaraṃ khīyati khayaṃ gacchati. Ettha ca udakameva ‘‘odaka’’nti
vuttaṃ, yathā manoyeva mānasanti.
Athapāpāni
kammāni, karaṃ bālo na bujjhatīti evaṃ saṃsāre aniccepi samāne bālo
lobhavasena vā kodhavasena vā pāpāni kammāni karoti, karontopi na bujjhati,
pāpaṃ karonto ca ‘‘pāpaṃ karomī’’ti abujjhanako nāma natthi, ‘‘imassa kammassa
evarūpo dukkho vipāko’’ti pana ajānanato ‘‘na bujjhatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Pacchāssa
kaṭukaṃ hotīti yadipi pāpassa kammassa āyūhanakkhaṇe ‘‘imassa kammassa
evarūpo vipāko’’ti na bujjhati, tato pacchā pana nirayādīsu nibbattassa assa
bālassa kaṭukaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ dukkhameva hoti. Vipāko
hissa pāpako yasmā assa pāpakammassa nāma vipāko pāpako
nihīno aniṭṭho evāti. Imaṃ pana ovādaṃ sutvā therassa kaniṭṭhabhātā rājānaṃ
āpucchitvā pabbajitvā nacirasseva sadatthaṃ nipphādesi.
Heraññakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Somamittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Parittaṃdārunti
āyasmato somamittattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto buddhaguṇe sutvā pasannamānaso ekadivasaṃ
kiṃsukarukkhaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā pupphāni gahetvā satthāraṃ uddissa ākāse khipitvā
pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
bārāṇasiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā somamittoti
laddhanāmo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā vimalena nāma therena kataparicayattā
abhiṇhaṃ tassa santikaṃ gacchanto dhammaṃ sutvā sāsane laddhappasādo pabbajitvā
laddhūpasampado vattapaṭivattaṃ pūrento vicarati. Vimalatthero pana kusīto
middhabahulo rattindivaṃ vītināmeti. Somamitto ‘‘kusītaṃ nāma nissāya ko
guṇo’’ti taṃ pahāya mahākassapattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa ovāde ṭhatvā
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.25-30) –
‘‘Kiṃsukaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, paggahetvāna
añjaliṃ;
Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, ākāse abhipūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimalattheraṃ ovādena tajjento –
147.
‘‘Parittaṃ dārumāruyha, yathā sīde mahaṇṇave;
Evaṃ kusītamāgamma, sādhujīvīpi sīdati;
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ.
148.
‘‘Pavivittehi ariyehi, pahitattehi jhāyibhi;
Niccaṃ āraddhavīriyehi, paṇḍitehi sahāvase’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha parittaṃ
dārumāruyha, yathā sīde mahaṇṇaveti pesalopi kulaputto kusītaṃ
alasapuggalaṃ nissāya sīdati saṃsāre patati, na tassa pāraṃ nibbānaṃ gacchati.
Yasmā etadevaṃ, tasmā
taṃ adhikusaladhammavasena sīsaṃ anukkhipitvā kucchitaṃ
sīdanato kusītaṃ vīriyārambhābhāvato hīnavīriyaṃ puggalaṃ
sabbathā vajjeyya, na tassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyāti attho.
Evaṃ puggalādhiṭṭhānāya gāthāya kosajje ādīnavaṃ dassetvā idāni vīriyārambhe
ānisaṃse dassetuṃ ‘‘pavivittehī’’tiādi
vuttaṃ. Tassattho – ye pana
kāyavivekasambhavena pavivittā, tato
eva kilesehi ārakattā ariyā, nibbānaṃ
patipesitattatāya pahitattā ārammaṇūpanijjhānavasena
lakkhaṇūpanijjhānavasena ca jhāyino, sabbakālaṃ
paggahitavīriyatāya āraddhavīriyā, lokiyalokuttarabhedāya
paññāya samannāgatattā paṇḍitā, tehiyeva saha āvaseyya
sadatthaṃ nipphādetukāmo saṃvaseyyāti. Taṃ sutvā vimalatthero saṃviggamānaso
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā sadatthaṃ ārādhesi. Svāyamattho parato āgamissati.
Somamittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Sabbamittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Jano janamhi sambaddhoti
āyasmato sabbamittattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito dvānavute kappe tissassa
bhagavato kāle nesādakule nibbattitvā vanacāriko hutvā vane mige vadhitvā maṃsaṃ
khādanto jīvati. Athassa bhagavā anuggaṇhanatthaṃ vasanaṭṭhānasamīpe tīṇi
padacetiyāni dassetvā pakkāmi. So atītakāle sammāsambuddhesu kataparicayattā
cakkaṅkitāni disvā pasannamānaso koraṇḍapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā tena puññakammena
tāvatiṃsabhavane nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde sāvatthinagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, sabbamittotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharanto vassaṃ
upagantvā vuṭṭhavasso bhagavantaṃ vandituṃ sāvatthiṃ gacchanto antarāmagge
māgavikehi oḍḍite pāse migapotakaṃ baddhaṃ addasa. Mātā panassa migī pāsaṃ
appaviṭṭhāpi puttasinehena dūraṃ na gacchati, maraṇabhayena pāsasamīpampi na
upagacchati migapotako ca bhīto ito cito ca parivattento karuṇaṃ vilapati, taṃ
disvā thero , ‘‘aho sattānaṃ snehahetukaṃ
dukkha’’nti gacchanto tato paraṃ sambahule core ekaṃ purisaṃ
jīvagāhaṃ gahetvā palālaveṇiyā sarīraṃ
veṭhetvā jhāpente, tañca mahāviravaṃ viravantaṃ disvā tadubhayaṃ nissāya
sañjātasaṃvego tesaṃ corānaṃ suṇantānaṃyeva –
149.
‘‘Jano janamhi sambaddho, janamevassito jano;
Jano janena heṭhīyati, heṭheti ca jano janaṃ.
150.
‘‘Ko hi tassa janenattho, janena janitena vā;
Janaṃ ohāya gacchaṃ taṃ, heṭhayitvā bahuṃ jana’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha janoti
andhabālajano. Janamhīti
aññe jane. Sambaddhoti
taṇhābandhanena baddho. ‘‘Ayaṃ me putto, mātā’’tiādinā paṭibaddho. Ayameva vā
pāṭho, ‘‘ime maṃ posenti, ahaṃ ime nissāya jīvāmī’’ti paṭibaddhacittoti attho. Janamevassito
janoti ‘‘ayaṃ me putto, dhītā’’tiādinā aññameva janaṃ añño jano assito
taṇhāya allīno pariggayha ṭhito. Jano
janena heṭhīyati, heṭheti ca jano jananti kammassakatāya
yathābhūtāvabodhassa ca abhāvato ajjhupekkhanaṃ akatvā lobhavasena yathā jano
janaṃ assito, evaṃ dosavasena jano janena heṭhīyati vibādhīyati. ‘‘Tayidaṃ
mayhaṃva upari heṭhanaphalavasena paripatissatī’’ti ajānanto heṭheti ca jano
janaṃ.
Ko hi tassa janenatthoti
tassa aññajanassa aññena janena taṇhāvasena assitena dosavasena heṭhitena vā ko
attho. Janena janitena
vāti mātāpitā hutvā tena aññena janena janitena vā ko attho. Janaṃ
ohāya gacchaṃ taṃ, heṭhayitvā bahuṃ jananti yasmā saṃsāre carato janassa
ayamevānurūpā paṭipatti, tasmā taṃ janaṃ, tassa ca bādhikā yā sā taṇhā ca, yo ca
so doso eva bahuṃ janaṃ bādhayitvā ṭhito, tañca ohāya sabbaso pahāya
pariccajitvā gacchaṃ, tehi anupaddutaṃ ṭhānaṃ
gaccheyyaṃ pāpuṇeyyanti attho. Evaṃ pana
vatvā thero tāvadeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattamapāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.15-24) –
‘‘Vanakammiko pure āsiṃ, pitumātumatenahaṃ;
Pasumārena jīvāmi, kusalaṃ me na vijjati.
‘‘Mama āsayasāmantā, tisso lokagganāyako;
Padāni tīṇi dassesi, anukampāya cakkhumā.
‘‘Akkante ca pade disvā, tissanāmassa satthuno;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, pade cittaṃ pasādayiṃ.
‘‘Koraṇḍaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, pādapaṃ dharaṇīruhaṃ;
Sakosakaṃ gahetvāna, padaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Koraṇḍakachavi homi, suppabhāso bhavāmahaṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, padapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Te pana corā therassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā saṃvegajātā pabbajitvā
dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjiṃsūti.
Sabbamittattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Mahākāḷattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kāḷīitthīti
āyasmato mahākāḷattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena araññaṃ gato tattha aññatarassa rukkhassa
sākhāya olambamānaṃ paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ disvā ‘‘ariyaddhajo olambatī’’ti
pasannacitto kiṅkaṇipupphāni gahetvā paṃsukūlaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde setabyanagare satthavāhakule
nibbattitvā mahākāḷoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ
gahetvā vāṇijjavasena sāvatthiṃ gato ekamantaṃ sakaṭasatthaṃ nivesetvā
addhānaparissamaṃ vinodetvā attano parisāya saddhiṃ nisinno sāyanhasamayaṃ
gandhamālādihatthe upāsake jetavanaṃ gacchante disvā sayampi tehi saddhiṃ
vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
sosānikaṅgaṃ adhiṭṭhāya susāne vasati. Athekadivasaṃ kāḷī nāma
ekā itthī chavaḍāhikā therassa kammaṭṭhānatthāya aciramatasarīraṃ ubho satthī bhinditvā
ubho ca bāhū bhinditvā sīsañca dadhithālakaṃ viya bhinditvā sabbaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ
sambandhameva katvā therassa oloketuṃ yogyaṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
Thero taṃ disvā attānaṃ ovadanto –
151.
‘‘Kāḷī itthī brahatī dhaṅkarūpā, satthiñca bhetvā aparañca satthiṃ;
Bāhañca bhetvā aparañca bāhaṃ, sīsañca bhetvā dadhithālakaṃva;
Esā nisinnā abhisandahitvā.
152.
‘‘Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ
karoti, punappunaṃ dukkhamupeti mando;
Tasmā pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirā, māhaṃ puna bhinnasiro sayissa’’nti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha kāḷīti
tassā nāmaṃ, kāḷavaṇṇattā vā evaṃ vuttaṃ. Brahatīti
mahāsarīrā ārohapariṇāhavatī. Dhaṅkarūpāti
kāḷavaṇṇattā eva kākasadisarūpā. Satthiñca
bhetvāti matasarīrassa satthiṃ jaṇṇubhedanena bhañjitvā. Aparañca
satthinti itarañca satthiṃ bhañjitvā. Bāhañca
bhetvāti bāhaṭṭhiñca aggabāhaṭṭhāneyeva bhañjitvā. Sīsañca
bhetvā dadhithālakaṃvāti matasarīrassa sīsaṃ bhinditvā bhinnattā eva
leḍḍudaṇḍādīhi paggharantaṃ dadhithālakaṃ viya, paggharantaṃ matthaluṅgaṃ
katvāti attho. Esā
nisinnā abhisandahitvāti chinnabhinnāvayavaṃ matasarīraṃ te avayave
yathāṭhāneyeva ṭhapanena sandahitvā sahitaṃ katvā maṃsāpaṇaṃ pasārentī viya esā
nisinnā.
Yo ve avidvā upadhiṃ karotīti
yo imāya upaṭṭhāpitaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ disvāpi avidvā akusalo kammaṭṭhānaṃ chaḍḍetvā
ayonisomanasikārena kilesūpadhiṃ uppādeti, so mando mandapañño
saṃsārassa anativattanato punappunaṃ aparāparaṃ
nirayādīsu dukkhaṃ
upeti. Tasmā
pajānaṃ upadhiṃ na kayirāti tasmāti
yasmā cetadevaṃ, tasmā. Pajānaṃ
upadhinti ‘‘idha yaṃ dukkhaṃ sambhotī’’ti pajānanto yoniso manasikaronto
kilesūpadhiṃ na kayirā na uppādeyya. Kasmā? Māhaṃ
puna bhinnasiro sayissanti yathayidaṃ matasarīraṃ bhinnasarīraṃ sayati,
evaṃ kilesūpadhīhi saṃsāre punappunaṃ uppattiyā kaṭasivaḍḍhako hutvā bhinnasiro
ahaṃ mā sayissanti. Evaṃ vadanto eva thero vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.50.8-14) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre ,
udaṅgaṇo nāma pabbato;
Tatthaddasaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ, dumaggamhi vilambitaṃ.
‘‘Tīṇi kiṅkaṇipupphāni, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, paṃsukūlamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pūjitvā arahaddhajaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Mahākāḷattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Bahūsapatte
labhatīti āyasmato tissattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto piyadassissa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
sippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane sālavane assamaṃ kāretvā vasati. Bhagavā
tassa anuggaṇhanatthaṃ assamassa avidūre sālavane nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi.
So assamato nikkhamitvā phalāphalatthāya gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso cattāro daṇḍe ṭhapetvā bhagavato upari pupphitāhi sālasākhāhi
sākhāmaṇḍapaṃ katvā sattāhaṃ navanavehi sālapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjento aṭṭhāsi
buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahanto. Satthā sattāhassa accayena nirodhato
vuṭṭhahitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ cintesi. Tāvadeva satasahassamattā khīṇāsavā
satthāraṃ parivāresuṃ. Bhagavā tassa bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ vibhāvento anumodanaṃ
vatvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā tissoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā pañcamattāni māṇavakasatāni
mante vācento lābhaggayasaggappatto hutvā satthu rājagahagamane buddhānubhāvaṃ
disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.190-220) –
‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā sālavanaṃ, sukato assamo mama;
Sālapupphehi sañchanno, vasāmi vipine tadā.
‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
Vivekakāmo sambuddho, sālavanamupāgami.
‘‘Assamā abhinikkhamma, pavanaṃ agamāsahaṃ;
Mūlaphalaṃ gavesanto, āhiṇḍāmi vane tadā.
‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, piyadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;
Sunisinnaṃ samāpannaṃ, virocantaṃ mahāvane.
‘‘Catudaṇḍe ṭhapetvāna, buddhassa uparī ahaṃ;
Maṇḍapaṃ sukataṃ katvā, sālapupphehi chādayiṃ.
‘‘Sattāhaṃ dhārayitvāna, maṇḍapaṃ sālachāditaṃ;
Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, buddhaseṭṭhamavandahaṃ.
‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, vuṭṭhahitvā samādhito;
Yugamattaṃ pekkhamāno, nisīdi purisuttamo.
‘‘Sāvako varuṇo nāma, piyadassissa satthuno;
Vasīsatasahassehi, upagacchi vināyakaṃ.
‘‘Piyadassī ca bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvāna, sitaṃ pātukarī jino.
‘‘Anuruddho upaṭṭhāko, piyadassissa satthuno;
Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, apucchittha mahāmuniṃ.
‘‘Ko nu kho bhagavā hetu, sitakammassa satthuno;
Kāraṇe vijjamānamhi, satthā pātukare sitaṃ.
‘‘Sattāhaṃ sālacchadanaṃ, yo me dhāresi
māṇavo;
Tassa kammaṃ saritvāna, sitaṃ pātukariṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Anokāsaṃ na passāmi, yattha puññaṃ vipaccati;
Devaloke manusse vā, okāsova na sammati.
‘‘Devaloke vasantassa, puññakammasamaṅgino;
Yāvatā parisā tassa, sālacchannā bhavissati.
‘‘Tattha dibbehi naccehi, gītehi vāditehi ca;
Ramissati sadā santo, puññakammasamāhito.
‘‘Yāvatā parisā tassa, gandhagandhī bhavissati;
Sālassa pupphavasso ca, pavassissati tāvade.
‘‘Tato cutoyaṃ manujo, mānusaṃ āgamissati;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, sabbakālaṃ dharissati.
‘‘Idha naccañca gītañca, sammatāḷasamāhitaṃ;
Parivāressanti maṃ niccaṃ, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Uggacchante ca sūriye, sālavassaṃ pavassati;
Puññakammena saṃyuttaṃ, vassate sabbakālikaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Dhammaṃ abhisamentassa, sālacchannaṃ bhavissati;
Citake jhāyamānassa, chadanaṃ tattha hessati.
‘‘Vipākaṃ kittayitvāna, piyadassī mahāmuni;
Parisāya dhammaṃ desesi, tappento dhammavuṭṭhiyā.
‘‘Tiṃsakappāni devesu, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Saṭṭhi ca sattakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, labhāmi vipulaṃ
sukhaṃ;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, maṇḍapassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ayaṃ pacchimako mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
Idhāpi sālacchadanaṃ, hessati sabbakālikaṃ.
‘‘Mahāmuniṃ tosayitvā, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, hitvā jayaparājayaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So arahattaṃ pana patvā visesato lābhaggayasaggappatto ahosi. Tattha keci
puthujjanabhikkhū therassa lābhasakkāraṃ disvā bālabhāvena asahanākāraṃ
pavedesuṃ. Thero taṃ ñatvā lābhasakkāre ādīnavaṃ tattha attano alaggabhāvañca
pakāsento –
153.
‘‘Bahū sapatte labhati, muṇḍo saṅghāṭipāruto;
Lābhī annassa pānassa, vatthassa sayanassa ca.
154.
‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, sakkāresu mahabbhayaṃ;
Appalābho anavassuto, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tassattho – sikhampi asesetvā muṇḍitakesatāya muṇḍo, chinditvā
saṅghāṭitakāsāvadhāritāya saṅghāṭipāruto, evaṃ
vevaṇṇiyaṃ ajjhupagato parāyattavuttiko pabbajito sace annapānādīnaṃ lābhī hoti,
sopi bahū sapatte
labhati, tassa usūyantā bahū sambhavanti. Tasmā etaṃ evarūpaṃ
lābhasakkāresumahabbhayaṃ vipulabhayaṃ ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ
viditvā appicchataṃ santosañca hadaye ṭhapetvā anavajjuppādassāpi uppannassa
lābhassa parivajjanena appalābho, tato
eva tattha taṇhāvassutābhāvena anavassuto, saṃsāre
bhayassa ikkhanato bhinnakilesatāya vā bhikkhu santuṭṭhiṭṭhānīyassa
satisampajaññassa vasena sato hutvā paribbaje careyya
vihareyyāti. Taṃ sutvā te bhikkhū tāvadeva theraṃ khamāpesuṃ.
Tissattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pācīnavaṃsadāyamhītiādikā
āyasmato kimilattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Tassa pubbayogo saṃveguppatti
pabbajjā ca ekakanipāte ‘‘abhisatto’’ti gāthāya saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttāyeva. Tāya ca
gāthāya therena attano visesādhigamassa kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Idha pana
adhigatavisesassa attano āyasmatā ca anuruddhena āyasmatā ca nandiyena saha
samaggavāso dassitoti veditabbaṃ. Samaggavāsaṃ pana vasantā te yathā ca vasiṃsu,
taṃ dassento –
155.
‘‘Pācīnavaṃsadāyamhi, sakyaputtā sahāyakā;
Pahāyānappake bhoge, uñche pattāgate ratā.
156.
‘‘Āraddhavīriyā pahitattā, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkamā;
Ramanti dhammaratiyā, hitvāna lokiyaṃ rati’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha pācīnavaṃsadāyamhīti
pācīnavaṃsanāmake rakkhitagopite sahaparicchede vane. Tañhi vanaṃ gāmassa
pācīnadisāyaṃ ṭhitattā vaṃsagumbaparikkhittattā ca ‘‘pācīnavaṃsadāyo’’ti vutto,
vaṃsavanabhāvena vāti. Sakyaputtāti anuruddhattherādayo
sakyarājakumārā. Sahāyakāti
saṃveguppattipabbajjāsamaṇadhammakaraṇasaṃvāsehi saha ayanato pavattanato
sahāyakā. Pahāyānappake
bhogeti uḷārena puññānubhāvena adhigate kulaparamparāgate ca mahante
bhogakkhandhe chaḍḍetvā. ‘‘Sahāyānappake’’tipi pāḷi. Uñche
pattāgate ratāti uñchācariyāya ābhatattā uñche
patte āgatattā pattāgate pattapariyāpanne ratā abhiratā,
saṅghabhattādiatirekalābhaṃ paṭikkhipitvā jaṅghabalaṃ nissāya bhikkhācariyāya
laddhena missakabhatteneva santuṭṭhāti attho.
Āraddhavīriyāti
uttamatthassa adhigamāya āditova pageva sampāditavīriyā. Pahitattāti
ninnapoṇapabbhārabhāvena kālena kālaṃ samāpajjanena ca nibbānaṃ patipesitacittā. Niccaṃ
daḷhaparakkamāti vattapaṭipattīsu diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānuyogena
sabbakālaṃ asithilaparakkamā. Ramanti
dhammaratiyā, hitvāna lokiyaṃ ratinti loke viditatāya lokapariyāpannatāya
ca lokiyaṃ rūpārammaṇādiratiṃ pahāya maggapaññāya pajahitvā
lokuttaradhammaratiyā aggaphalanibbānābhiratiyā ca ramanti abhiramantīti.
Kimilattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Nandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ayoniso manasikārāti
āyasmato nandattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato
kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavato santike
dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne
ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca
pūjāsakkārabahulaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā, ‘‘ahampi anāgate tumhādisassa buddhassa
evarūpo sāvako bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesu
saṃsaranto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vinatāya nāma nadiyā mahanto kacchapo
hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nadiyā pāraṃ gantuṃ tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā sayaṃ
bhagavantaṃ tāretukāmo satthu pādamūle nipajji .
Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. So haṭṭhatuṭṭho vegena sotaṃ
chindanto sīghataraṃ paratīrameva pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa anumodanaṃ vadanto
bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ kathetvā pakkāmi.
So tena puññakammena
sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ
suddhodanamahārājassa putto hutvā mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā kucchimhi nibbatti.
Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ñātisaṅghaṃ nandento jātoti nandotveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Tassa vayappattakāle satthā pavattavaradhammacakko lokānuggahaṃ
karonto kapilavatthuṃ gantvā ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā vessantarajātakaṃ (jā.
2.22.1655 ādayo) kathetvā dutiyadivase piṇḍāya paviṭṭho ‘‘uttiṭṭhe
nappamajjeyyā’’ti (dha. pa. 168) gāthāya pitaraṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā
nivesanaṃ gantvā ‘‘dhammaṃ care sucarita’’nti (dha. pa. 169) gāthāya
mahāpajāpatiṃ sotāpattiphale rājānaṃ sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā tatiye divase
nandakumārassa abhisekanivesanappavesanavivāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu piṇḍāya
pavisitvā nandakumārassa hatthe pattaṃ datvā maṅgalaṃ vatvā tassa hatthato
pattaṃ agahetvāva vihāraṃ gato taṃ pattahatthaṃ vihāraṃ āgataṃ anicchamānaṃyeva
pabbājetvā tathā pabbajitattāyeva anabhiratiyā pīḷitaṃ ñatvā upāyena tassa taṃ
anabhiratiṃ vinodesi. So yoniso paṭisaṅkhāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.148-163) –
‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
Vinatānadiyā tīraṃ, upāgacchi tathāgato.
‘‘Udakā abhinikkhamma, kacchapo vārigocaro;
Buddhaṃ tāretukāmohaṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Abhirūhatu maṃ buddho, atthadassī mahāmuni;
Ahaṃ taṃ tārayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, atthadassī mahāyaso;
Abhirūhitvā me piṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhāsi lokanāyako.
‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi viññutaṃ;
Sukhaṃ me tādisaṃ natthi, phuṭṭhe pādatale yathā.
‘‘Uttaritvāna sambuddho, atthadassī mahāyaso;
Naditīramhi ṭhatvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yāvatā vattate cittaṃ, gaṅgāsotaṃ
tarāmahaṃ;
Ayañca kacchapo rājā, tāresi mama paññavā.
‘‘Iminā buddhataraṇena, mettacittavatāya ca;
Aṭṭhārase kappasate, devaloke ramissati.
‘‘Devalokā idhāgantvā, sukkamūlena codito;
Ekāsane nisīditvā, kaṅkhāsotaṃ tarissati.
‘‘Yathāpi bhaddake khette, bījaṃ appampi ropitaṃ;
Sammādhāraṃ pavecchante, phalaṃ toseti kassakaṃ.
‘‘Tathevidaṃ buddhakhettaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;
Sammādhāraṃ pavecchante, phalaṃ maṃ tosayissati.
‘‘Padhānapahitattomhi, upasanto nirūpadhi;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taraṇāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto ‘‘aho satthu upāyakosallaṃ,
yenāhaṃ bhavapaṅkato uddharitvā nibbānathale patiṭṭhāpito’’ti attano
pahīnasaṃkilesaṃ paṭiladdhañca sukhaṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso
udānavasena –
157.
‘‘Ayoniso manasikārā, maṇḍanaṃ anuyuñjisaṃ;
Uddhato capalo cāsiṃ, kāmarāgena aṭṭito.
158.
‘‘Upāyakusalenāhaṃ, buddhenādiccabandhunā;
Yoniso paṭipajjitvā, bhave cittaṃ udabbahi’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ayoniso
manasikārāti anupāyamanasikārato asubhaṃ kāyaṃ subhato manasi karitvā
subhato manasikārahetu, asubhaṃ kāyaṃ
subhasaññāyāti attho. Maṇḍananti
hatthūpagādiābharaṇehi ceva mālāgandhādīhi ca attabhāvassa alaṅkaraṇaṃ. Anuyuñjisanti
anuyuñjiṃ, sarīrassa vibhūsanappasuto ahosinti attho. Uddhatoti
jātigottarūpayobbanamadādīhi uddhato avūpasantacitto. Capaloti
vanamakkaṭo viya anavaṭṭhitacittatāya lolo, kāyamaṇḍanavatthamaṇḍanādicāpalye
yuttatāya vā capalo ca.
Āsinti ahosiṃ. Kāmarāgenāti
vatthukāmesu chandarāgena aṭṭito pīḷito
vibādhito āsinti yojanā.
Upāyakusalenāti vineyyānaṃ
damanūpāyacchekena kovidena buddhena bhagavatā
hetubhūtena. Hetuatthe hi etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. Paluṭṭhamakkaṭīdevaccharādassanena
hi upakkitavādacodanāya attano kāmarāgāpanayanaṃ sandhāya vadati. Bhagavā hi
āyasmantaṃ nandattheraṃ paṭhamaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ upādāya ‘‘yathāyaṃ makkaṭī,
evaṃ kakuṭapādiniyo upādāya janapadakalyāṇī’’ti mahatiyā āṇiyā khuddakaṃ āṇiṃ
nīharanto chaḍḍako viya, sinehapānena sarīraṃ kiledetvā vamanavirecanehi dosaṃ
nīharanto bhisakko viya ca kakuṭapādinidassanena janapadakalyāṇiyaṃ
virattacittaṃ kāretvā puna upakkitavādena kakuṭapādinīsupi cittaṃ virājetvā
sammadeva samathavipassanānuyogena ariyamagge patiṭṭhāpesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yoniso
paṭipajjitvā, bhave cittaṃ udabbahi’’nti. Upāyena ñāyena sammadeva
samathavipassanāya visuddhipaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjitvā bhave saṃsārapaṅke nimuggañca
me cittaṃ ariyamaggena hatthena uttāriṃ, nibbānathale patiṭṭhāpesinti attho.
Imaṃ udānaṃ udānetvā thero punadivase bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘yaṃ
me, bhante, bhagavā pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya
kakuṭapādānaṃ, muñcāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ etasmā paṭissavā’’ti (udā. 22).
Bhagavāpi, ‘‘yadeva kho te, nanda, anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, athāhaṃ
mutto etasmā paṭissavā’’ti (udā. 22) āha. Athassa bhagavā
savisesaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ ñatvā taṃ
guṇaṃ vibhāvento, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ indriyesu
guttadvārānaṃ yadidaṃ nando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 230) indriyesu guttadvārabhāvena
aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Thero hi ‘‘yamevāhaṃ indriyānaṃ asaṃvaraṃ nissāya imaṃ
vippakāraṃ patto, tamevāhaṃ suṭṭhu niggahessāmī’’ti ussāhajāto balavahirottappo
tattha ca katādhikārattā indriyasaṃvare ukkaṃsapāramiṃ agamāsīti.
Nandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Sirimattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pare ca naṃ pasaṃsantīti
āyasmato sirimattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato pāramiyo pūretvā
tusitabhavane ṭhitakāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū
sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sakkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo
lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo nekkhammajjhāsayatāya kāme pahāya
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā caturāsītisahassaparimāṇena tāpasagaṇena parivuto
himavantappadese devatābhinimmite assame jhānābhiññāyo nibbattetvā vasanto
purimabuddhesu katādhikāratāya lakkhaṇamantesu āgataniyāmena ca buddhaguṇe
anussaritvā atīte buddhe uddissa aññatarasmiṃ nadīnivattane pulinacetiyaṃ katvā
pūjāsakkārābhirato ahosi. Taṃ disvā tāpasā, ‘‘kaṃ uddissa ayaṃ pūjāsakkāro
karīyatī’’ti pucchiṃsu. So tesaṃ lakkhaṇamante āharitvā tattha āgatāni
mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni vibhajitvā tadanusārena attano bale ṭhatvā buddhaguṇe
kittesi. Taṃ sutvā tepi tāpasā pasannamānasā tato paṭṭhāya sammāsambuddhaṃ
uddissa thūpapūjaṃ karontā viharanti.
Tena ca samayena padumuttarabodhisatto tusitakāyā cavitvā mātukucchiṃ okkanto
hoti. Carimabhave dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ ,
sabbe ca acchariyabbhūtadhammā. Tāpaso tāni antevāsikānaṃ dassetvā
bhiyyosomattāya sammāsambuddhesu tesaṃ pasādaṃ vaḍḍhetvā kālaṃ katvā brahmaloke
nibbattitvā tehi attano sarīrassa pūjāya karīyamānāya dissamānarūpo āgantvā,
‘‘ahaṃ tumhākaṃ ācariyo brahmaloke nibbatto, tumhe appamattā
pulinacetiyapūjamanuyuñjatha, bhāvanāya ca
yuttappayuttā hothā’’ti vatvā brahmalokameva gato.
Evaṃ so devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ gahapatikule
nibbatti, tassa jātadivasato paṭṭhāya tasmiṃ kule sirisampattiyā vaḍḍhamānattā sirimātveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Tassa padasā gamanakāle kaniṭṭhabhātā nibbatti, tassa ‘‘ayaṃ siriṃ
vaḍḍhento jāto’’ti sirivaḍḍhoti
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Te ubhopi jetavanappaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddhā pabbajiṃsu. Tesu sirivaḍḍho na tāva uttarimanussadhammassa
lābhī ahosi, catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ lābhī, gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ sakkato garukato,
sirimatthero pana pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya tādisena kammacchiddena appalābhī
ahosi bahujanāsambhāvito, samathavipassanāsu kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.111-147) –
‘‘Pabbate himavantamhi, devalo nāma tāpaso;
Tattha me caṅkamo āsi, amanussehi māpito.
‘‘Jaṭābhārena bharito, kamaṇḍaludharo sadā;
Uttamatthaṃ gavesanto, vipinā nikkhamiṃ tadā.
‘‘Cullāsītisahassāni, sissā mayhaṃ upaṭṭhahuṃ;
Sakakammābhipasutā, vasanti vipine tadā.
‘‘Assamā abhinikkhamma, akaṃ pulinacetiyaṃ;
Nānāpupphaṃ samānetvā, taṃ cetiyamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, assamaṃ pavisāmahaṃ;
Sabbe sissā samāgantvā, etamatthaṃ pucchiṃsu maṃ.
‘‘Pulinena kato thūpo, yaṃ tvaṃ deva
namassasi;
Mayampi ñātumicchāma, puṭṭho ācikkha no tuvaṃ.
‘‘Niddiṭṭhā nu mantapade, cakkhumanto mahāyasā;
Te kho ahaṃ namassāmi, buddhaseṭṭhe mahāyase.
‘‘Kīdisā te mahāvīrā, sabbaññū lokanāyakā;
Kathaṃvaṇṇā kathaṃsīlā, kīdisā te mahāyasā.
‘‘Bāttiṃsalakkhaṇā buddhā, cattālīsadijāpi ca;
Nettā gopakhumā tesaṃ, jiñjukā phalasannibhā.
‘‘Gacchamānā ca te buddhā, yugamattañca pekkhare;
Na tesaṃ jāṇu nadati, sandhisaddo na suyyati.
‘‘Gacchamānā ca sugatā, uddharantāva gacchare;
Paṭhamaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ pādaṃ, buddhānaṃ esa dhammatā.
‘‘Asambhītā ca te buddhā, migarājāva kesarī;
Nevukkaṃsenti attānaṃ, no ca vambhenti pāṇinaṃ.
‘‘Mānāvamānato muttā, samā sabbesu pāṇisu;
Anattukkaṃsakā buddhā, buddhānaṃ esa dhammatā.
‘‘Uppajjantā ca sambuddhā, ālokaṃ dassayanti te;
Chappakāraṃ pakampenti, kevalaṃ vasudhaṃ imaṃ.
‘‘Passanti nirayañcete, nibbāti nirayo tadā;
Pavassati mahāmegho, buddhānaṃ esa dhammatā.
‘‘Īdisā te mahānāgā, atulā ca mahāyasā;
Vaṇṇato anatikkantā, appameyyā tathāgatā.
‘‘Anumodiṃsu me vākyaṃ, sabbe sissā sagāravā;
Tathā ca paṭipajjiṃsu, yathāsatti yathābalaṃ.
‘‘Paṭipūjenti pulinaṃ, sakakammābhilāsino;
Saddahantā mama vākyaṃ, buddhasakkatamānasā.
‘‘Tadā cavitvā tusitā, devaputto mahāyaso;
Uppajji mātukucchimhi, dasasahassi kampatha.
‘‘Assamassāvidūramhi, caṅkamamhi ṭhito ahaṃ;
Sabbe sissā samāgantvā, āgacchuṃ mama santike.
‘‘Usabhova mahī nadati, migarājāva kūjati;
Susumārova saḷati, kiṃ vipāko bhavissati.
‘‘Yaṃ pakittemi sambuddhaṃ, sikatāthūpasantike;
So dāni bhagavā satthā, mātukucchimupāgami.
‘‘Tesaṃ dhammakathaṃ vatvā, kittayitvā mahāmuniṃ;
Uyyojetvā sake sisse, pallaṅkamābhujiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Balañca vata me khīṇaṃ, byādhinā paramena taṃ;
Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Sabbe sissā samāgantvā, akaṃsu citakaṃ tadā;
Kaḷevarañca me gayha, citakaṃ abhiropayuṃ.
‘‘Citakaṃ parivāretvā, sīse katvāna añjaliṃ;
Sokasallaparetā te, vikkandiṃsu samāgatā.
‘‘Tesaṃ lālappamānānaṃ, agamaṃ citakaṃ tadā;
Ahaṃ ācariyo tumhaṃ, mā socittha sumedhasā.
‘‘Sadatthe vāyameyyātha, rattindivamatanditā;
Mā vo pamattā ahuttha, khaṇo vo paṭipādito.
‘‘Sake sissenusāsitvā, devalokaṃ punāgamiṃ;
Aṭṭhārasa ca kappāni, devaloke ramāmahaṃ.
‘‘Satānaṃ pañcakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ;
Anekasatakkhattuñca, devarajjamakārayiṃ.
‘‘Avasesesu kappesu, vokiṇṇo saṃsariṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, uppādassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Yathā komudike māse, bahū pupphanti pādapā;
Tathevāhampi samaye, pupphitomhi mahesinā.
‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ
buddhamabhikittayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kittanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiññañhi samānaṃ āyasmantaṃ sirimattheraṃ ‘‘ariyo’’ti ajānantā puthujjanā
bhikkhū sāmaṇerā ca appalābhitāya lokassa anabhigatabhāvena asambhāventā
yaṃkiñci kathetvā garahanti. Sirivaḍḍhattheraṃ pana paccayānaṃ lābhibhāvena
lokassa sakkatagarukatabhāvato sambhāventā pasaṃsanti. Thero ‘‘avaṇṇārahassa
nāma vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ, vaṇṇārahassa ca avaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ assa puthujjanabhāvassa
doso’’ti puthujjanabhāvañca garahanto –
159.
‘‘Pare ca naṃ pasaṃsanti, attā ce asamāhito;
Moghaṃ pare pasaṃsanti, attā hi asamāhito.
160.
‘‘Pare ca naṃ garahanti, attā ce susamāhito;
Moghaṃ pare garahanti, attā hi susamāhito’’ti.
– Gāthādvayamabhāsi.
Tattha pareti
attato aññe pare nāma, idha pana paṇḍitehi aññe bālā pareti adhippetā. Tesañhi
ajānitvā apariyogāhetvā bhāsanato garahā viya pasaṃsāpi appamāṇabhūtā. Nanti
naṃ puggalaṃ. Pasaṃsantīti
aviddasubhāvena taṇhāvipannatāya vā, atha vā abhūtaṃyeva puggalaṃ
‘‘asuko bhikkhu jhānalābhī, ariyo’’ti vā abhūtaguṇaropanena kittenti
abhitthavanti. Yo panettha ca-saddo,
so attūpanayattho. Tena pare naṃ puggalaṃ
pasaṃsanti ca, tañca kho tesaṃ pasaṃsanamattaṃ, na pana tasmiṃ pasaṃsāya vatthu
atthīti imamatthaṃ dasseti. Attā
ce asamāhitoti yaṃ puggalaṃ pare pasaṃsanti, so ce sayaṃ asamāhito
maggasamādhinā phalasamādhinā upacārappanāsamādhimatteneva vā na samāhito,
samādhānassa paṭipakkhabhūtānaṃ kilesānaṃ appahīnattā vikkhitto vibbhantacitto
hoti ceti attho. ‘‘Asamāhito’’ti ca etena samādhinimittānaṃ guṇānaṃ abhāvaṃ
dasseti. Moghanti
bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso ‘‘visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī’’tiādīsu viya. Pare
pasaṃsantīti ye taṃ asamāhitaṃ puggalaṃ pasaṃsanti, te moghaṃ mudhā
amūlakaṃ pasaṃsanti. Kasmā? Attā
hi asamāhito yasmā tassa puggalassa cittaṃ asamāhitaṃ,
tasmāti attho.
Dutiyagāthāyaṃ garahantīti
attano aviddasubhāvena dosantarāya vā ariyaṃ jhānalābhiñca samānaṃ ‘‘asuko
bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ nānuyuñjati antamaso goduhanamattampi kālaṃ kevalaṃ
kāyadaḷhibahulo niddārāmo bhassārāmo saṅgaṇikārāmo viharatī’’tiādinā
appaṭipajjamānatāvibhāvanena vā guṇaparidhaṃsanena vā garahanti nindanti,
upakkosanti vāti attho. Sesaṃ paṭhamagāthāya vuttapariyāyena veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ
therena imāhi gāthāhi attano nikkilesabhāve sirivaḍḍhassa ca sakilesabhāve
pakāsite taṃ sutvā sirivaḍḍho saṃvegajāto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva
sadatthaṃ paripūresi, garahakapuggalā ca theraṃ khamāpesuṃ.
Sirimattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Khandhāmayā
pariññātāti āyasmato uttarattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ
upacinanto ito catunavute kappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto sāsane laddhappasādo hutvā upāsakattaṃ
paṭivedesi. So satthari parinibbute attano ñātake sannipātetvā bahuṃ
pūjāsakkāraṃ sambharitvā dhātupūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sākete brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā uttaroti
laddhanāmo vayappatto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiṃ gato kaṇḍambamūle kataṃ
yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasīditvā puna kāḷakārāmasuttadesanāya
(a. ni. 4.24) abhivaḍḍhamānasaddho pabbajitvā satthārā saddhiṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā
upasampajjitvā tattheva vasanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.106-110) –
‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, siddhatthe lokanāyake;
Mama ñātī samānetvā, dhātupūjaṃ akāsahaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ dhātumabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dhātupūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā satthari sāvatthiyaṃ viharante buddhupaṭṭhānatthaṃ
rājagahato sāvatthiṃ upagato bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, pabbajjākiccaṃ tayā
matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti puṭṭho aññaṃ byākaronto –
161.
‘‘Khandhā mayā pariññātā, taṇhā me susamūhatā;
Bhāvitā mama bojjhaṅgā, patto me āsavakkhayo.
162.
‘‘Sohaṃ khandhe
pariññāya, abbahitvāna jāliniṃ;
Bhāvayitvāna bojjhaṅge, nibbāyissaṃ anāsavo’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha khandhāti
pañcupādānakkhandhā. Pariññātāti
‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo’’ti paricchijja ñātā bhāvitā. Tena dukkhassa
ariyasaccassa pariññābhisamayamāha. Taṇhāti
tasati paritasatīti taṇhā. Susamūhatāti
samugghāṭitā. Etena samudayasaccassa pahānābhisamayaṃ vadati. Bhāvitā
mama bojjhaṅgāti bodhisaṅkhātāya satiādidhammasāmaggiyā, taṃsamaṅgino vā
bodhisaṅkhātassa ariyapuggalassa aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā.
Satidhammavicayavīriyapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsaṅkhātā maggapariyāpannā
dhammā mayā bhāvitā uppāditā vaḍḍhitā. Bojjhaṅgaggahaṇeneva cettha
taṃsahacaritatāya sabbe maggadhammā, sabbe ca bodhipakkhiyadhammā gahitāti
daṭṭhabbā. Eteneva maggasaccassa bhāvanābhisamayaṃ dasseti. Patto
me āsavakkhayoti kāmāsavādayo āsavā khīyanti etthāti āsavakkhayoti
laddhanāmo asaṅkhatadhammo mayā patto
adhigato. Etena nirodhasaccassa sacchikiriyābhisamayaṃ katheti. Ettāvatā attano
saupādisesanibbānasampattiṃ dasseti.
Idāni pana anupādisesanibbānasampattiṃ dassento ‘‘soha’’ntiādinā
dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho – sohaṃ evaṃ vuttanayena khandhe
pariññāya parijānitvā, tathā parijānanto eva
sakaattabhāvaparaattabhāvesu ajjhattikabāhirāyatanesu atītādibhedabhinnesu
saṃsibbanākāraṃ punappunaṃ pavattisaṅkhātaṃ jālaṃ etassa atthīti jālinīti
laddhanāmaṃ taṇhaṃ abbahitvāna mama
cittasantānato uddharitvā, tathā naṃ uddharantoyeva vuttappabhede bojjhaṅge
bhāvayitvāna te bhāvanāpāripūriṃ pāpetvā tato eva anāsavo hutvā
ṭhito idāni carimakacittanirodhena anupādāno viya jātavedo nibbāyissaṃ parinibbāyissāmīti.
Uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Bhaddajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Panādonāma
so rājāti āyasmato bhaddajittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto
brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu pāraṃ gantvā kāme pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā vasanto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
ākāsena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa
ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā ākāsato otari. Otiṇṇassa pana bhagavato madhuñca bhisamuḷālañca
sappiñca khīrañca upanāmesi, tassa taṃ bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya paṭiggahetvā
anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena tusite nibbatto tattha
yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato
kāle mahaddhano seṭṭhi hutvā aṭṭhasaṭṭhibhikkhusahassaṃ bhojetvā ticīvarena
acchādesi.
Evaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattitvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato
cavitvā manussesu uppanno buddhasuññe loke pañca paccekabuddhasatāni catūhi
paccayehi upaṭṭhahitvā tato cuto rājakule nibbattitvā rajjaṃ anusāsanto puttaṃ
paccekabodhiṃ adhigantvā ṭhitaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā tassa parinibbutassa dhātuyo
gahetvā cetiyaṃ katvā pūjesi. Evaṃ tattha tattha tāni puññāni katvā imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde bhaddiyanagare asītikoṭivibhavassa bhaddiyaseṭṭhissa ekaputtako
hutvā nibbatti, bhaddajītissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa kira issariyabhogaparivārādisampatti carimabhave bodhisattassa
viya ahosi.
Tadā satthā sāvatthiyaṃ vassaṃ vasitvā bhaddajikumāraṃ saṅgaṇhituṃ mahatā
bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ bhaddiyanagaraṃ gantvā jātiyāvane vasi tassa
ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamayamāno. Sopi upari pāsāde nisinno sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā
olokento bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sotuṃ gacchantaṃ mahājanaṃ disvā ‘‘katthāyaṃ
mahājano gacchatī’’ti pucchitvā taṃ kāraṇaṃ sutvā sayampi mahatā parivārena
satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitova
sabbakilese khepetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.56.98-116) –
‘‘Oggayha yaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ, nānākuñjarasevitaṃ;
Uddharāmi bhisaṃ tattha, ghāsahetu ahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, padumuttarasavhayo;
Rattambaradharo buddho, gacchate anilañjase.
‘‘Dhunanto paṃsukūlāni, saddaṃ assosahaṃ tadā;
Uddhaṃ nijjhāyamānohaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Tattheva ṭhitako santo, āyāciṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Madhuṃ bhisehi sahitaṃ, khīraṃ sappiṃ muḷālikaṃ.
‘‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me buddho, anukampāya
cakkhumā;
Tato kāruṇiko satthā, orohitvā mahāyaso.
‘‘Paṭiggaṇhi mamaṃ bhikkhaṃ, anukampāya cakkhumā;
Paṭiggahetvā sambuddho, akā me anumodanaṃ.
‘‘Sukhī hotu mahāpuñña, gati tuyhaṃ samijjhatu;
Iminā bhisadānena, labhassu vipulaṃ sukhaṃ.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna sambuddho, jalajuttamanāmako;
Bhikkhamādāya sambuddho, ākāsenāgamā jino.
‘‘Tato bhisaṃ gahetvāna, āgacchiṃ mama assamaṃ;
Bhisaṃ rukkhe laggetvāna, mama dānaṃ anussariṃ.
‘‘Mahāvāto uṭṭhahitvā, sañcālesi vanaṃ tadā;
Ākāso abhinādittha, asanī ca phalī tadā.
‘‘Tato me asanīpāto, matthake nipatī tadā;
Sohaṃ nisinnako santo, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Puññakammena saññutto, tusitaṃ upapajjahaṃ;
Kaḷevaraṃ me patitaṃ, devaloke ramāmahaṃ.
‘‘Chaḷasītisahassāni , nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
Sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhanti, bhisadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Manussayonimāgantvā, sukhito homahaṃ tadā;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, bhisadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Anukampitako tena, devadevena tādinā;
Sabbāsavā parikkhīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ bhisaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bhisadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahatte pana tena adhigate satthā bhaddiyaseṭṭhiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tava putto
alaṅkatapaṭiyatto dhammaṃ suṇanto arahatte patiṭṭhāsi, tenassa idāneva
pabbajituṃ yuttaṃ, no ce pabbajati, parinibbāyissatī’’ti. Seṭṭhi ‘‘na mayhaṃ
puttassa daharasseva sato parinibbānena kiccaṃ atthi, pabbājetha na’’nti āha.
Taṃ satthā pabbājetvā upasampādetvā tattha sattāhaṃ vasitvā koṭigāmaṃ pāpuṇi, so
ca gāmo gaṅgātīre. Koṭigāmavāsino buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ
pavattesuṃ. Bhaddajitthero satthārā anumodanāya āraddhamattāya bahigāmaṃ gantvā ‘‘gaṅgātīre
maggasamīpe satthu āgatakāle vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi.
Mahātheresu āgacchantesupi avuṭṭhahitvā satthu āgatakāleyeva vuṭṭhahi.
Puthujjanabhikkhū, ‘‘ayaṃ adhunā pabbajito mahātheresu āgacchantesu mānatthaddho
hutvā na vuṭṭhāsī’’ti ujjhāyiṃsu. Koṭigāmavāsino satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca bahū
nāvāsaṅghāṭe bandhiṃsu, satthā ‘‘handassa ānubhāvaṃ pakāsemī’’ti nāvāsaṅghāṭe
ṭhatvā, ‘‘kahaṃ, bhaddajī’’ti pucchi. Bhaddajitthero ‘‘esohaṃ, bhante’’ti
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā añjaliṃ katvā aṭṭhāsi. Satthā, ‘‘ehi, bhaddaji, amhehi
saddhiṃ ekanāvaṃ abhiruhā’’ti. So uppatitvā satthu ṭhitanāvāyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Satthā
gaṅgāmajjhaṃ gatakāle, ‘‘bhaddaji, tayā mahāpanādarājakāle
ajjhāvuṭṭharatanapāsādo kaha’’nti āha. ‘‘Imasmiṃ ṭhāne nimuggo’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi,
bhaddaji, sabrahmacārīnaṃ kaṅkhaṃ chindā’’ti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero satthāraṃ
vanditvā iddhibalena gantvā pāsādathūpikaṃ pādaṅgulantarena sannirumbhitvā
pañcavīsatiyojanaṃ pāsādaṃ gahetvā ākāse
uppati, uppatanto ca paññāsa yojanāni pāsādaṃ udakato ukkhipi. Athassa
purimabhave ñātakā pāsādagatena lobhena macchakacchapamaṇḍūkā hutvā tasmiṃ
pāsāde uṭṭhahante parivattitvā udake patiṃsu. Satthā te patante disvā ‘‘ñātakā
te, bhaddaji, kilamantī’’ti āha. Thero satthu vacanena pāsādaṃ vissajjesi.
Pāsādo yathāṭhāne eva patiṭṭhahi. Satthā pāraṅgato bhikkhūhi ‘‘kadā, bhante,
bhaddajittherena ayaṃ pāsādo ajjhāvuṭṭho’’ti puṭṭho mahāpanādajātakaṃ (jā.
1.3.40-41) kathetvā mahājanaṃ dhammāmataṃ pāyesi. Thero pana attano
ajjhāvuṭṭhapubbaṃ suvaṇṇapāsādaṃ dassetvā –
163.
‘‘Panādo nāma so rājā, yassa yūpo suvaṇṇayo;
Tiriyaṃ soḷasubbedho, ubbhamāhu sahassadhā.
164.
‘‘Sahassakaṇḍo satageṇḍu, dhajālu haritāmayo;
Anaccuṃ tattha gandhabbā, cha sahassāni sattadhā’’ti. –
Dvīhi gāthāhi vaṇṇento aññaṃ byākāsi.
Tattha panādo nāma so
rājāti atīte panādo nāma so rājā ahosīti attabhāvaantarahitatāya attānaṃ
paraṃ viya niddisati. So eva hi rajje ṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya sadā
ussāhasampattiādinā mahatā rājānubhāvena mahatā ca kittisaddena samannāgatattā
‘‘rājā mahāpanādo’’ti paññāyittha. Yassa
yūpo suvaṇṇayoti yassa rañño ayaṃ yūpo pāsādo suvaṇṇamayo. Tiriyaṃ
soḷasubbedhoti vitthārato soḷasakaṇḍapātappamāṇo. So pana
aḍḍhayojanamatto hoti. Ubbhāmāhu
sahassadhāti ubbhaṃ uccaṃ evamassa pāsādassa sahassadhā
sahassakaṇḍappamāṇamāhu. So pana yojanato
pañcavīsatiyojanappamāṇo hoti. Keci panettha gāthāsukhatthaṃ ‘‘āhū’’ti dīghaṃ
kataṃ. Āhu ahosīti atthaṃ vadanti.
Sahassakaṇḍoti
sahassabhūmiko. Satageṇḍūti
anekasataniyyūhako. Dhajālūti
tattha tattha niyyūhasikharādīsu patiṭṭhāpitehi yaṭṭhidhajapaṭākadhajādidhajehi
sampanno. Haritāmayoti
cāmīkarasuvaṇṇamayo. Keci pana ‘‘haritajātimaṇisarikkhako’’ti vadanti . Gandhabbāti
naṭā. Cha sahassāni
sattadhāti chamattāni gandhabbasahassāni sattadhā tassa pāsādassa sattasu
ṭhānesu rañño abhiramāpanatthaṃ nacciṃsūti attho. Te evaṃ naccantāpi rājānaṃ
hāsetuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Atha sakko devarājā devanaṭe pesetvā samajjaṃ kāresi, tadā
rājā hasīti.
Bhaddajittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Sobhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Satimā paññavāti āyasmato
sobhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare
kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto satthu dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ
bhikkhuṃ pubbenivāsañāṇalābhīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi
taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ uddissa patthanaṃ katvā puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
sumedhassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇānaṃ
vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā nekkhammādhimutto gharāvāsaṃ pahāya
tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā himavantassa samīpe araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā
vanamūlaphalāphalena yāpento buddhuppādaṃ sutvā sabbattha ekarattivāseneva
bhaddavatīnagare satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pasannamānaso ‘‘tuvaṃ satthā ca ketu
cā’’tiādīhi chahi gāthāhi abhitthavi , satthā
cassa bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ pakāsesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Sobhitotissa
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So aparena samayena satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Pubbenivāsañāṇe ciṇṇavasī ca
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.46-74) –
‘‘Dakkhiṇe himavantassa, sukato assamo mama;
Uttamatthaṃ gavesanto, vasāmi vipine tadā.
‘‘Lābhālābhena santuṭṭho, mūlena ca phalena ca;
Anvesanto ācariyaṃ, vasāmi ekako ahaṃ.
‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, loke uppajji tāvade;
Catusaccaṃ pakāseti, uddharanto mahājanaṃ.
‘‘Nāhaṃ suṇomi sambuddhaṃ, napi me koci saṃsati;
Aṭṭhavasse atikkante, assosiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Aggidāruṃ nīharitvā, sammajjitvāna assamaṃ;
Khāribhāraṃ gahetvāna, nikkhamiṃ vipinā ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekarattiṃ vasantohaṃ, gāmesu nigamesu ca;
Anupubbena candavatiṃ, tadāhaṃ upasaṅkamiṃ.
‘‘Bhagavā tamhi samaye, sumedho lokanāyako;
Uddharanto bahū satte, deseti amataṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Janakāyamatikkamma, vanditvā jinasāgaraṃ;
Ekaṃsaṃ ajinaṃ katvā, santhaviṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Tuvaṃ satthā ca ketu ca, dhajo yūpo ca pāṇinaṃ;
Parāyano patiṭṭhā ca, dīpo ca dvipaduttamo.
‘‘Nepuñño dassane vīro, tāresi janataṃ tuvaṃ;
Natthañño tārako loke, tavuttaritaro mune.
‘‘Sakkā theve kusaggena, pametuṃ sāgaruttame;
Na tveva tava sabbaññu, ñāṇaṃ sakkā pametave.
‘‘Tuladaṇḍe ṭhapetvāna, mahiṃ sakkā dharetave;
Natveva tava paññāya, pamāṇamatthi cakkhuma.
‘‘Ākāso minituṃ sakkā, rajjuyā aṅgulena vā;
Natveva tava sabbaññu, sīlaṃ sakkā pametave.
‘‘Mahāsamudde udakaṃ, ākāso ca vasundharā;
Parimeyyāni etāni, appameyyosi cakkhuma.
‘‘Chahi gāthāhi sabbaññuṃ, kittayitvā mahāyasaṃ;
Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, tuṇhī aṭṭhāsahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Yaṃ vadanti sumedhoti, bhūripaññaṃ sumedhasaṃ;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo me ñāṇaṃ pakittesi, vippasannena cetasā;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Sattasattati kappāni, devaloke ramissati;
Sahassakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati.
‘‘Anekasatakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Devabhūto manusso vā, puññakammasamāhito;
Anūnamanasaṅkappo, tikkhapañño bhavissati.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Agārā abhinikkhamma, pabbajissatikiñcano;
Jātiyā sattavassena, arahattaṃ phusissati.
‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi sāsanaṃ;
Etthantare na jānāmi, cetanaṃ amanoramaṃ.
‘‘Saṃsaritvā bhave sabbe, sampattānubhaviṃ
ahaṃ;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, phalaṃ ñāṇassa thomane.
‘‘Tiyaggī nibbutā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
Sabbāsavā parikkhīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ ñāṇamathaviṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phalaṃ ñāṇassa thomane.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So arahattaṃ pana patvā attano pubbenivāsaṃ anupaṭipāṭiyā anussaranto yāva
asaññabhave acittakapaṭisandhi, tāva addasa. Tato pañca kappasatāni
cittappavattiṃ adisvā avasāneva disvā ‘‘kimeta’’nti āvajjento
nayavasena ‘‘asaññabhavo bhavissatī’’ti niṭṭhaṃ agamāsi. Tenāha bhagavā –
‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, asaññasattā nāma dīghāyukā devā, tato cuto sobhito
idhūpapanno, so etaṃ bhavaṃ jānāti, sobhito anussaratī’’ti (pārā. 232 atthato
samānaṃ). Evaṃ nayavasena anussarantassa anussaraṇakosallaṃ disvā satthā theraṃ
pubbenivāsaṃ anussarantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Tato eva cāyaṃ āyasmā savisesaṃ
attano pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ tassa ca
paccayabhūtaṃ paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassajāto tadatthadīpanaṃ udānaṃ
udānento –
165.
‘‘Satimā paññavā bhikkhu, āraddhabalavīriyo;
Pañca kappasatānāhaṃ, ekarattiṃ anussariṃ.
166.
‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, satta aṭṭha ca bhāvayaṃ;
Pañca kappasatānāhaṃ, ekarattiṃ anussari’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha satimāti
sayaṃ samudāgamanasampannāya satipaṭṭhānabhāvanāpāripūriyā sativepullappattiyā
ca satimā. Paññavāti
chaḷabhiññāpāripūriyā paññāvepullappattiyā ca paññavā. Bhinnakilesatāya bhikkhu.
Saddhādibalānañceva catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyassa
ca saṃsiddhipāripūriyā āraddhabalavīriyo.
Saddhādīnañhettha balaggahaṇena gahaṇaṃ satipi satiādīnaṃ balabhāve, yathā
‘‘gobalibaddhā puññañāṇasambhārā’’ti. Pañca
kappasatānāhaṃ, ekarattiṃ anussarinti ekarattiṃ viya anussariṃ.
Viya-saddo hi idha luttaniddiṭṭho, etena pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇe attano
ñāṇavasībhāvaṃ dīpeti.
Idāni yāya paṭipattiyā attano satimantādibhāvo sātisayaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇañca
siddhaṃ, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘cattāro’’tiādinā
dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha cattāro
satipaṭṭhāneti kāyānupassanādike attano visayabhedena catubbidhe
lokiyalokuttaramissake satisaṅkhāte satipaṭṭhāne. Sattāti
satta bojjhaṅge. Aṭṭhāti
aṭṭha maggaṅgāni. Satipaṭṭhānesu hi suppatiṭṭhitacittassa satta bojjhaṅgā
bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gatā eva honti, tathā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Tenāha
dhammasenāpati – ‘‘catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittā satta bojjhaṅge
yathābhūtaṃ bhāvetvā’’tiādīhi (dī. ni. 3.143) sattakoṭṭhāsikesu sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhammesu
ekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchante itare agacchantā nāma natthīti. Bhāvayanti
bhāvanāhetu. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Sobhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yaṃkiccaṃ
daḷhavīriyenātiādikā āyasmato valliyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa
bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ
gato asītikoṭivibhavaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pabbatapāde
araññāyatane ekissā nadiyā tīre assamaṃ kāretvā viharanto attano
anuggaṇhanatthaṃ upagataṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso ajinacammaṃ pattharitvā
adāsi . Tattha nisinnaṃ bhagavantaṃ pupphehi
ca candanena ca pūjetvā ambaphalāni datvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandi. Tassa bhagavā
nisinnāsanasampattiṃ pakāsento anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā
‘‘kaṇhamitto’’ti laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu vesāligamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho mahākaccānattherassa santike pabbaji. So mandapañño
dandhaparakkamo ca hutvā ciraṃ kālaṃ viññuṃ sabrahmacāriṃ nissāyeva vasati.
Bhikkhū ‘‘yathā nāma valli rukkhādīsu kiñci anissāya vaḍḍhituṃ na sakkoti,
evamayampi kañci paṇḍitaṃ anissāya vaḍḍhituṃ na sakkotī’’ti valliyotveva
samudācariṃsu. Aparabhāge pana veṇudattattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa ovāde ṭhatvā
sato sampajāno hutvā viharanto ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā paṭipattikkamaṃ theraṃ
pucchanto –
167.
‘‘Yaṃ kiccaṃ daḷhavīriyena, yaṃ kiccaṃ boddhumicchatā;
Karissaṃ nāvarajjhissaṃ, passa vīriyaṃ parakkamaṃ.
168.
‘‘Tvañca me maggamakkhāhi, añjasaṃ amatogadhaṃ;
Ahaṃ monena monissaṃ, gaṅgāsotova sāgara’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yaṃ
kiccaṃ daḷhavīriyenāti daḷhena vīriyena thirena parakkamena,
daḷhavīriyena vā purisadhorayhena yaṃ kiccaṃ kātabbaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Yaṃ
kiccaṃ boddhumicchatāti cattāri ariyasaccāni nibbānameva vā boddhuṃ
bujjhituṃ icchantena paṭivijjhitukāmena yaṃ kiccaṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Karissaṃ
nāvarajjhissanti tamahaṃ dāni karissaṃ na virādhessaṃ, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ
paṭipajjissāmi. Passa
vīriyaṃ parakkamanti yathā paṭipajjamāne dhamme vidhinā īraṇato ‘‘vīriyaṃ’’, paraṃ
paraṃ ṭhānaṃ akkamanato ‘‘parakkamo’’ti
ca laddhanāmaṃ sammāvāyāmaṃ passa na saddhamevāti attano kattukāmataṃ dasseti.
Tvañcāti kammaṭṭhānadāyakaṃ
kalyāṇamittaṃ ālapati. Meti
mayhaṃ. Maggamakkhāhīti
ariyamaggaṃ kathehi, lokuttaramaggasampāpakaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ kathehīti
attho. Añjasanti
ujukaṃ majjhimapaṭipadābhāvena antadvayassa anupagamanato. Amate nibbāne
sampāpakabhāvena patiṭṭhitattā amatogadhaṃ.
Monenāti ñāṇena maggapaññāya. Monissanti
jānissaṃ nibbānaṃ paṭivijjhissaṃ pāpuṇissaṃ. Gaṅgāsotova
sāgaranti yathā gaṅgāya soto sāgaraṃ samuddaṃ avirajjhanto ekaṃsato
ogāhati, evaṃ ‘‘ahaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto maggañāṇena nibbānaṃ
adhigamissāmi, tasmā taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ me ācikkhathā’’ti theraṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ
yāci.
Taṃ sutvā veṇudattatthero tassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. Sopi kammaṭṭhānaṃ
anuyuñjanto nacirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.75-105) –
‘‘Pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, piyarūpe manorame;
Asīti koṭiyo hitvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
‘‘Pabbajitvāna kāyena, pāpakammaṃ vivajjayiṃ;
Vacīduccaritaṃ hitvā, nadīkūle vasāmahaṃ.
‘‘Ekakaṃ maṃ viharantaṃ, buddhaseṭṭho upāgami;
Nāhaṃ jānāmi buddhoti, akāsiṃ paṭisanthāraṃ.
‘‘Karitvā paṭisanthāraṃ, nāmagottamapucchahaṃ;
Devatānusi gandhabbo, adu sakko purindado.
‘‘Ko vā tvaṃ kassa vā putto, mahābrahmā idhāgato;
Virocesi disā sabbā, udayaṃ sūriyo yathā.
‘‘Sahassārāni cakkāni, pāde dissanti mārisa;
Ko vā tvaṃ kassa vā putto, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ mayaṃ.
‘‘Nāmagottaṃ pavedehi, saṃsayaṃ apanehi me;
Namhi devā na gandhabbo, namhi sakko purindado.
‘‘Brahmabhāvo ca me natthi, etesaṃ uttamo ahaṃ;
Atīto visayaṃ tesaṃ, dālayiṃ kāmabandhanaṃ.
‘‘Sabbe kilese jhāpetvā, patto
sambodhimuttamaṃ;
Tassa vācaṃ suṇitvāhaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
‘‘Yadi buddhosi sabbaññū, nisīda tvaṃ mahāmune;
Tamahaṃ pūjayissāmi, dukkhassantakaro tuvaṃ.
‘‘Pattharitvājinacammaṃ , adāsi satthuno
ahaṃ;
Nisīdi tattha bhagavā, sīhova girigabbhare.
‘‘Khippaṃ pabbatamāruyha, ambassa phalamaggahiṃ;
Sālakalyāṇikaṃ pupphaṃ, candanañca mahārahaṃ.
‘‘Khippaṃ paggayha taṃ sabbaṃ, upetvā lokanāyakaṃ;
Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, sālapupphamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Candanaṃ anulimpitvā, avandiṃ satthuno ahaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, vipulāya ca pītiyā.
‘‘Ajinamhi nisīditvā, sumedho lokanāyako;
Mama kammaṃ pakittesi, hāsayanto mamaṃ tadā.
‘‘Iminā phaladānena, gandhamālehi cūbhayaṃ;
Pañcavīse kappasate, devaloke ramissati.
‘‘Anūnamanasaṅkappo, vasavattī bhavissati;
Chabbīsatikappasate, manussattaṃ gamissati.
‘‘Bhavissati cakkavattī, cāturanto mahiddhiko;
Vebhāraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, vissakammena māpitaṃ.
‘‘Hessati sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, nānāratanabhūsitaṃ;
Eteneva upāyena, saṃsarissati so bhave.
‘‘Sabbattha pūjito hutvā, devatte atha mānuse;
Pacchime bhave sampatte, brahmabandhu bhavissati.
‘‘Agārā abhinikkhamma, anagārī bhavissati;
Abhiññāpāragū hutvā, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna sambuddho, sumedho lokanāyako;
Mama nijjhāyamānassa, pakkāmi anilañjase.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Tusitato cavitvāna, nibbattiṃ mātukucchiyaṃ;
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, yamhi gabbhe vasāmahaṃ.
‘‘Mātukucchigate mayi, annapānañca bhojanaṃ;
Mātuyā mama chandena, nibbattati yadicchakaṃ.
‘‘Jātiyā pañcavassena, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
Oropitamhi kesamhi, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Pubbakammaṃ gavesanto, orena nāddasaṃ ahaṃ;
Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, mama kammamanussariṃ.
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Tava sāsanamāgamma, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassamhi, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto thero imāyeva gāthā abhāsīti.
Valliyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Vītasokattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kese me olikhissantītiādikā
āyasmato vītasokattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule
nibbattitvā brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu
nipphattiṃ gato kāme pahāya isipabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā mahatā isigaṇena parivuto araññe vasanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā
haṭṭhatuṭṭho ‘‘udumbarapupphasadisā dullabhadassanā buddhā bhagavanto, idāneva
upagantabbā’’ti mahatiyā parisāya saddhiṃ satthāraṃ daṭṭhuṃ gacchanto
diyaḍḍhayojane sese byādhiko hutvā buddhagatāya saññāya kālaṅkato devesu
uppajjitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
aṭṭhārasavassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ matthake dhammāsokarañño
kaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatti, tassa vītasokoti
nāma ahosi. So vayappatto khattiyakumārehi sikkhitabbavijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ
gato giridattattheraṃ nissāya gihibhūto suttantapiṭake abhidhammapiṭake ca
visārado hutvā ekadivasaṃ massukammasamaye kappakassa hatthato ādāsaṃ gahetvā
kāyaṃ olokento valitapalitādīni disvā sañjātasaṃvego vipassanāya cittaṃ otāretvā
bhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tasmiṃyeva āsane sotāpanno hutvā giridattattherassa
santike pabbajitvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.9-26) –
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sanighaṇḍusakeṭubhe.
‘‘Nadīsotapaṭibhāgā, sissā āyanti me tadā;
Tesāhaṃ mante vācemi, rattindivamatandito.
‘‘Siddhattho nāma sambuddho, loke uppajji tāvade;
Tamandhakāraṃ nāsetvā, ñāṇālokaṃ pavattayi.
‘‘Mama aññataro sisso, sissānaṃ so kathesi me;
Sutvāna te etamatthaṃ, ārocesuṃ mamaṃ tadā.
‘‘Buddho loke samuppanno, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
Tassānuvattati jano, lābho amhaṃ na vijjati.
‘‘Adhiccuppattikā buddhā, cakkhumanto mahāyasā;
Yaṃnūnāhaṃ buddhaseṭṭhaṃ, passeyyaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Ajinaṃ me gahetvāna, vākacīraṃ kamaṇḍaluṃ;
Assamā abhinikkhamma, sisse āmantayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Odumbarikapupphaṃva, candamhi sasakaṃ yathā;
Vāyasānaṃ yathā khīraṃ, dullabho lokanāyako.
‘‘Buddho lokamhi uppanno, manussattampi dullabhaṃ;
Ubhosu vijjamānesu, savanañca sudullabhaṃ.
‘‘Buddho loke samuppanno, cakkhuṃ lacchāma no bhavaṃ;
Etha sabbe gamissāma, sammāsambuddhasantikaṃ.
‘‘Kamaṇḍaludharā sabbe, kharājinanivāsino;
Te jaṭābhārabharitā, nikkhamuṃ vipinā tadā.
‘‘Yugamattaṃ pekkhamānā, uttamatthaṃ gavesino;
Āsattidosarahitā, asambhītāva kesarī.
‘‘Appakiccā aloluppā, nipakā santavuttino;
Uñchāya caramānā te, buddhaseṭṭhamupāgamuṃ.
‘‘Diyaḍḍhayojane sese, byādhi me upapajjatha;
Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
169.
‘‘Kese me olikhissanti, kappako upasaṅkami;
Tato ādāsamādāya, sarīraṃ paccavekkhisaṃ.
170.
‘‘Tuccho kāyo adissittha, andhakāre tamo byagā;
Sabbe coḷā samucchinnā, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha kese
me olikhissanti, kappako upasaṅkamīti gihikāle massukammasamaye ‘‘mama
kese olikhissaṃ kappemī’’ti kesādīnaṃ chedanādivasena kappanato kappako nhāpito
maṃ upagacchi. Tatoti
kappakato. Sarīraṃ
paccavekkhisanti sabbakāyike ādāse
palitavalitamukhanimittādidassanamukhena ‘‘abhibhūto vata jarāya me kāyo’’ti
jarābhibhūtaṃ attano sarīraṃ paccavekkhiṃ. Evaṃ paccavekkhato ca tuccho
kāyo adissittha niccadhuvasukhasabhāvādīhi ritto hutvā me
kāyo adissatha paññāyi. Kasmā? Andhakāre
tamo byagā yena ayonisomanasikārasaṅkhātena tamasā
attano kāye andhagatā vijjamānampi asubhādisabhāvaṃ apassantā avijjamānaṃ
subhādiākāraṃ gaṇhanti, tasmiṃ andhakāre andhakaraṇaṭṭhāne kāye
yonisomanasikārasaṅkhātena ñāṇālokena avijjātamo vigato, tato eva sabbe
coḷā samucchinnā corā viya kusalabhaṇḍacchedanato, sādhūhi
alātabbato asaṅgahetabbato saṅkārakūṭādīsu chaḍḍitapilotikakhaṇḍaṃ viya
issarajanena ariyajanena jigucchitabbatāya coḷā viyāti vā ‘‘coḷā’’ti laddhanāmā
kilesā samucchinnā. Aggamaggena samugghāṭitattā eva ca nesaṃ natthi
dāni punabbhavo āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti natthīti.
Vītasokattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañca nīvaraṇe hitvātiādikā
āyasmato puṇṇamāsattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto tissassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthari araññe viharante paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ
dumasākhāya laggetvā gandhakuṭiṃ paviṭṭhe dhanuhattho gahanaṃ paviṭṭho satthu
paṃsukūlaṃ disvā pasannamānaso dhanuṃ
nikkhipitvā buddhaguṇe anussaritvā paṃsukūlaṃ
vandi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthiyaṃ kuṭumbiyakule nibbatti. Tassa kira jātadivase tasmiṃ gehe
sabbabhājanāni suvaṇṇaratanamayehi māsehi paripuṇṇāneva ahesuṃ. Tenassa puṇṇamāsotveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto dārapariggahaṃ katvā ekasmiṃ putte uppanne
gharāvāsaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā gāmakāvāse vasanto ghaṭento vāyamanto chaḷabhiñño
ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.49.1-8) –
‘‘Tisso nāmāsi bhagavā, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
Paṃsukūlaṃ ṭhapetvāna, vihāraṃ pāvisī jino.
‘‘Vinataṃ dhanumādāya, bhakkhatthāya cariṃ ahaṃ;
Maṇḍalaggaṃ gahetvāna, kānanaṃ pāvisiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Tatthaddasaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ, dumagge laggitaṃ tadā;
Cāpaṃ tattheva nikkhippa, sire katvāna añjaliṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, vipulāya ca pītiyā;
Buddhaseṭṭhaṃ saritvāna, paṃsukūlaṃ avandahaṃ.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, paṃsukūlamavandahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, vandanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā sāvatthiṃ upagantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā susāne vasati,
tassa ca acirāgatasseva sato putto kālamakāsi. Dārakamātā therassa āgatabhāvaṃ
sutvā, ‘‘mā idaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājāno hareyyu’’nti taṃ uppabbājetukāmā
mahatā parivārena therassa santikaṃ gantvā
paṭisanthāraṃ katvā palobhetuṃ ārabhi. Thero attano vītarāgabhāvajānāpanatthaṃ
ākāse ṭhatvā attano paṭipattikittanamukhena tassā dhammaṃ desento –
171.
‘‘Pañca nīvaraṇe hitvā, yogakkhemassa pattiyā;
Dhammādāsaṃ gahetvāna, ñāṇadassanamattano.
172.
‘‘Paccavekkhiṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, sabbaṃ
santarabāhiraṃ;
Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca, tuccho kāyo adissathā’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha pañca
nīvaraṇe hitvāti kāmacchandādike pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya jhānādhigamena
viddhaṃsetvā. Yogakkhemassa
pattiyāti kāmayogādīhi catūhi yogehi khemassa anupaddutassa nibbānassa
adhigamāya. Dhammādāsanti
dhammabhūtaṃ ādāsaṃ. Yathā hi ādāso olokentassa rūpakāye guṇāguṇaṃ ādaṃseti,
evaṃ vipassanāsaṅkhāto dhammānaṃ sāmaññavisesāvabodhanato ñāṇadassanabhūto
dhammādāso vipassantassa vodānasaṃkilesadhammavibhāvanena tappahānasādhanena ca
visesato nāmakāye guṇaṃ ādaṃseti. Tenāha –
‘‘Dhammādāsaṃ gahetvāna,
ñāṇadassanamattano;
Paccavekkhiṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, sabbaṃ
santarabāhira’’nti. –
Imaṃ kāyaṃ dhammasamūhaṃ mama attabhāvaṃ ajjhattikabāhirāyatanabhāvato
santarabāhiraṃ sabbaṃ anavasesaṃ dhammādāsaṃ gahetvā ‘‘anicca’’ntipi
‘‘dukkha’’ntipi ‘‘anattā’’tipi patiavekkhiṃ ñāṇacakkhunā passiṃ. Evaṃ passatā ca
mayā ajjhattañca
bahiddhā cāti attano santāne parasantāne ca tuccho
kāyo adissatha niccasārādivirahito tuccho
khandhapañcakasaṅkhāto attabhāvakāyo ñāṇacakkhunā yāthāvato apassittha.
Sakalampi hi khandhapañcakaṃ ‘‘avijjānivutassa, bhikkhave, bālassa
taṇhāsaṃyuttassa evamayaṃ kāyo samudāgato’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.19) ‘‘kāyo’’ti
vuccati. ‘‘Adissathā’’ti ca iminā yadeva kāye daṭṭhabbaṃ, taṃ diṭṭhaṃ, na
dānissa kiñci mayā passitabbaṃ atthīti katakiccataṃ dassento aññaṃ byākāsi. Evaṃ
thero imāhi gāthāhi purāṇadutiyikāya dhammaṃ desetvā taṃ saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca
sampatiṭṭhāpetvā uyyojesi.
Puṇṇamāsattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Nandakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yathāpibhaddo
ājaññoti āyasmato nandakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto sikhissa
bhagavato kāle paccantadese uppajjitvā viññutaṃ patto vanacāriko
hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ satthu caṅkamanaṭṭhānaṃ disvā pasannacitto vālukā
okiri. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
campāyaṃ gahapatikule nibbatti, tassa nandakoti
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Jeṭṭhakabhātā panassa bharato nāma. Tassa pubbayogo
anantaravatthusmiṃ āvibhavissati. Te ubhopi viññutaṃ
patvā āyasmantaṃ soṇaṃ koḷivisaṃ pabbajitaṃ sutvā ‘‘soṇopi nāma tathāsukhumālo
pabbaji, kimaṅgaṃ pana maya’’nti pabbajiṃsu. Tesu bharato nacirasseva vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Nandako pana kilesānaṃ balavabhāvena tāva
vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetuṃ nāsakkhi, vipassanāya kammaṃ karoti eva. Athassa
bharatatthero āsayaṃ ñatvā avassayo bhavitukāmo taṃ pacchāsamaṇaṃ katvā vihārato
nikkhamitvā maggasamīpe nisinno vipassanākathaṃ kathesi.
Tena ca samayena sakaṭasatthe gacchante eko sakaṭe yutto goṇo cikkhallaṭṭhāne
sakaṭaṃ uddharituṃ asakkonto paripati. Tato naṃ satthavāho sakaṭā mocetvā
tiṇañca pānīyañca datvā parissamaṃ apanetvā puna dhure yojesi. Tato goṇo
vūpasantaparissamo laddhabalo taṃ sakaṭaṃ cikkhallaṭṭhānato uddharitvā thale
patiṭṭhāpesi. Atha bharatatthero nandakassa ‘‘passasi no tvaṃ, āvuso nandaka,
imassa kamma’’nti taṃ nidassetvā tena ‘‘passāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘imamatthaṃ suṭṭhu
upadhārehī’’ti āha. Itaro ‘‘yathāyaṃ goṇo vūpasantaparissamo paṅkaṭṭhānato
bhāraṃ ubbahati, evaṃ mayāpi saṃsārapaṅkato attā uddharitabbo’’ti tamevārammaṇaṃ
katvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.90-95) –
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, araññe kānane ahaṃ;
Vātamigaṃ gavesanto, caṅkamaṃ addasaṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Ucchaṅgena pulinaṃ gayha, caṅkame okiriṃ ahaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, sugatassa sirīmato.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, pulinaṃ okiriṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pulinassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano jeṭṭhabhātikassa bharatattherassa santike aññaṃ
byākaronto –
173.
‘‘Yathāpi bhaddo ājañño, khalitvā patitiṭṭhati;
Bhiyyo laddhāna saṃvegaṃ, adīno vahate dhuraṃ.
174.
‘‘Evaṃ dassanasampannaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāvakaṃ;
Ājānīyaṃ maṃ dhāretha, puttaṃ buddhassa orasa’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha bhiyyo
laddhāna saṃvegaṃ, adīno vahate dhuranti ‘‘mayhaṃ jātibalavīriyānaṃ
ananucchavikametaṃ yadidaṃ āgatassa bhārassa avahana’’nti saṃvegaṃ labhitvā
adīno adīnamānaso alīnacitto. ‘‘Alīno’’ti vā pāṭho, so eva attho. Bhiyyo
punappunaṃ bhiyyosomattāya attano dhuraṃ bhāraṃ vahate ubbahati. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā
ramaṇīyavihārittherassa gāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayameva.
Nandakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Bharatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ehi, nandaka,
gacchāmāti āyasmato bharatattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira
anomadassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
manuññadassanaṃ mudusukhasamphassaṃ upāhanadvayaṃ gahetvā gacchanto satthāraṃ
caṅkamantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upāhanā upanāmetvā, ‘‘abhiruhatu bhagavā
upāhanā, yaṃ mama assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti āha. Abhiruhi bhagavā
tassa anuggaṇhanatthaṃ upāhanā. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde campānagare gahapatikule nibbatti, bharatotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto soṇattherassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘sopi nāma
pabbajī’’ti sañjātasaṃvego pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.71-89) –
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Divāvihārā nikkhamma, pathamāruhi cakkhumā.
‘‘Pānadhiṃ sukataṃ gayha, addhānaṃ paṭipajjahaṃ;
Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, pattikaṃ cārudassanaṃ.
‘‘Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, nīharitvāna pānadhiṃ;
Pādamūle ṭhapetvāna, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
‘‘Abhirūha mahāvīra, sugatinda vināyaka;
Ito phalaṃ labhissāmi, so me attho samijjhatu.
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
Pānadhiṃ abhirūhitvā, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
‘‘Yo pānadhiṃ me adāsi, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Buddhassa giramaññāya, sabbe devā samāgatā;
Udaggacittā sumanā, vedajātā katañjalī.
‘‘Pānadhīnaṃ padānena, sukhitoyaṃ bhavissati;
Pañcapaññāsakkhattuñca, devarajjaṃ karissati.
‘‘Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Devaloke manusse vā, nibbattissati puññavā;
Devayānapaṭibhāgaṃ, yānaṃ paṭilabhissati.
‘‘Pāsādā sivikā vayhaṃ, hatthino samalaṅkatā;
Rathā vājaññasaṃyuttā, sadā pātubhavanti me.
‘‘Agārā nikkhamantopi, rathena nikkhamiṃ ahaṃ;
Kesesu chijjamānesu, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Lābhā mayhaṃ suladdhaṃ me, vāṇijjaṃ suppayojitaṃ;
Datvāna pānadhiṃ ekaṃ, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, yaṃ pānadhimadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pānadhissa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attano kaniṭṭhabhātikena nandakattherena heṭṭhā
vuttanayena aññābyākaraṇe kate ‘‘idāni nandakopi arahā jāto, handa mayaṃ ubhopi
satthu santikaṃ gantvā vusitabrahmacariyataṃ nivedessāmāti uppannaṃ parivitakkaṃ
nandakattherassa kathento –
175.
‘‘Ehi nandaka gacchāma, upajjhāyassa santikaṃ;
Sīhanādaṃ nadissāma, buddhaseṭṭhassa sammukhā.
176.
‘‘Yāya no anukampāya, amhe pabbājayī muni;
So no attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha nandakāti
ālapanaṃ. Ehīti
tassa attano santikakaraṇaṃ. Gacchāmāti
tena attanā ca ekajjhaṃ kātabbakiriyāvacanaṃ, upajjhāyassāti
sammāsambuddhassa, sammāsambuddho hi samantacakkhunā buddhacakkhunā ca sattānaṃ
āsayānusayacaritādīnaṃ yathābhūtavilokanena sadevakassa lokassa vajjāvajjaṃ
upanijjhāyatīti visesato upajjhāyoti vattabbataṃ arahati. Yadatthaṃ gamanaṃ, taṃ
dassetuṃ ‘‘sīhanādaṃ
nadissāma, buddhaseṭṭhassa sammukhā’’ti āha.
Yathābhuccaguṇābhibyāhāratāya abhītanādabhāvato sīhanādaṃ buddhassa
sammāsambuddhassa tato eva sabbasattuttamatāya seṭṭhassa, buddhānaṃ vā
sāvakabuddhādīnaṃ seṭṭhassa sammukhā purato nadissāmāti attho.
Yathā pana sīhanādaṃ naditukāmo, taṃ dassento ‘‘yāyā’’ti
gāthamāha. Tattha yāyāti
yadatthaṃ, yāya yadatthānuppattiyāti attho. Noti
amhākaṃ. Anukampāyāti
anuggaṇhanena amhe dvepi pabbājayi pabbājesi. Munīti
bhagavā. So no attho
anuppattoti so attho sabbesaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ khayabhūtaṃ arahattaphalaṃ no
amhehi anuppatto, adhigatoti attho.
Bharatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Bhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nadanti evaṃ sappaññāti
āyasmato bhāradvājattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sumanaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ piṇḍāya
carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso paripakkaṃ
vallikāraphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā gottanāmena bhāradvājotveva
paññāyittha. So vayappatto gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekaputtaṃ labhi. Tassa
‘‘kaṇhadinno’’ti nāmaṃ akāsi. Tassa viññutaṃ pattakāle ‘‘tāta, asukassa nāma
ācariyassa santike sippaṃ sikkhitvā ehī’’ti taṃ takkasilaṃ pesesi. So gacchanto
antarāmagge satthu sāvakaṃ aññataraṃ mahātheraṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ labhitvā tassa
santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā katapubbakicco vipassanāya
kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.66-70) –
‘‘Sumano nāma sambuddho, takkarāyaṃ vasī
tadā;
Vallikāraphalaṃ gayha, sayambhussa adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Athassa pitā bhāradvājo veḷuvane viharantaṃ
bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
sacchākāsi. Atha putto satthāraṃ vandituṃ rājagahaṃ āgato satthu santike
nisinnaṃ pitaraṃ disvā tuṭṭhacitto ‘‘pitāpi kho me pabbajito, kiṃ nu kho tena
pabbajjākiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti vīmaṃsanto khīṇāsavabhāvaṃ ñatvā taṃ
sīhanādaṃ nadāpetukāmo, ‘‘sādhu, kho tumhehi kataṃ pabbajantehi, pabbajjākiccaṃ
pana matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti pucchi. Bhāradvājo puttassa adhigamaṃ dīpento –
177.
‘‘Nadanti evaṃ sappaññā, sīhāva girigabbhare;
Vīrā vijitasaṅgāmā, jetvā māraṃ savāhanaṃ.
178.
‘‘Satthā ca pariciṇṇo me, dhammo saṅgho ca pūjito;
Ahañca vitto sumano, puttaṃ disvā anāsava’’nti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha nadantīti
yathābhuccaguṇābhibyāhāravasena abhītanādaṃ nadanti gajjanti. Evanti
idāni vattabbākāradassanaṃ. Sappaññāti
aggamaggapaññādhigamena sabbapaññādhigamena sabbapaññāvepullappattā. Vīrāti
catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyasampannatāya vīrā, tato eva
anavasesasaṃkilesapakkhanimmathanena savāhanaṃ kilesamāraṃ abhisaṅkhāramāraṃ devaputtamārañca
jetvā sabbaso vijitasaṅgāmā nadanti
sappaññāti sambandho.
Evaṃ vijetabbavijayena sīhanādaṃ dassetvā idāni ārādhetabbasamārādhanena
icchitabbasiddhiyā ca taṃ dassetuṃ, ‘‘satthā
ca pariciṇṇo me’’ti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha satthā
ca pariciṇṇo meti mama satthā sammāsambuddho yathānusiṭṭhaṃ
ovādānusāsanīkaraṇena mayā pariciṇṇo upāsito, na dhammādhikaraṇaṃ visositoti
adhippāyo. Dhammo
saṅgho ca pūjitoti navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo,
yathāpaṭipattiyāgatamaggānuppattiyā sīladiṭṭhisāmaññagamanena ariyasaṅgho ca
mayā pūjito mānito. Ahañca
vitto sumano, puttaṃ disvā anāsavanti mama puttaṃ anāsavaṃ
sabbaso khīṇāsavaṃ disvā dassanahetu ahampi vitto nirāmisāya pītiyā tuṭṭho,
tatoyeva nirāmisena somanassena sumano jātoti attho.
Bhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Kaṇhadinnattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Upāsitāsappurisāti
āyasmato kaṇhadinnattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito catunavute kappe kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sobhitaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ disvā
pasannacitto punnāgapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā kaṇhadinnoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto upanissayasampattiyā codiyamāno dhammasenāpatiṃ
upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.61-65) –
‘‘Sobhito nāma sambuddho, cittakūṭe vasī tadā;
Gahetvā giripunnāgaṃ, sayambhuṃ abhipūjayiṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
179.
‘‘Upāsitā sappurisā, sutā dhammā abhiṇhaso;
Sutvāna paṭipajjissaṃ, añjasaṃ amatogadhaṃ.
180.
‘‘Bhavarāgahatassa me sato, bhavarāgo puna me na vijjati;
Na cāhu na ca me bhavissati, na ca me etarahi vijjatī’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha upāsitāti
paricaritā paṭipattipayirupāsanāya payirupāsitā. Sappurisāti
santehi sīlādiguṇehi samannāgatā purisā,
ariyapuggalā sāriputtattherādayo. Etena purimacakkadvayasampattimattano dasseti.
Na hi patirūpadesavāsena vinā sappurisūpanissayo sambhavati. Sutā
dhammāti saccapaṭiccasamuppādādipaṭisaṃyuttadhammā sotadvārānusārena
upadhāritā. Etena attano bāhusaccaṃ dassento pacchimacakkadvayasampattiṃ
dasseti. Abhiṇhasoti
bahuso na kālena kālaṃ. Idañca padaṃ ‘‘upāsitā sappurisā’’ti etthāpi yojetabbaṃ. Sutvāna
paṭipajjissaṃ, añjasaṃ amatogadhanti te dhamme sutvā tattha
vuttarūpārūpadhamme salakkhaṇādito pariggahetvā anukkamena vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
amatogadhaṃ nibbānapatiṭṭhaṃ taṃsampāpakaṃ añjasaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ
paṭipajjiṃ pāpuṇiṃ.
Bhavarāgahatassame
satoti bhavarāgena bhavataṇhāya anādimati saṃsāre
hatassa upaddutassa mama sato samānassa, aggamaggena vā hatabhavarāgassa. Bhavarāgo
puna me na vijjatīti tato eva puna idāni bhavarāgo me natthi. Na
cāhu na me bhavissati, na ca me etarahi vijjatīti yadipi pubbe
puthujjanakāle sekkhakāle ca me bhavarāgo ahosi, aggamaggappattito pana paṭṭhāya
na cāhu na ca ahosi, āyatimpi na me bhavissati, etarahi adhunāpi na ca me
vijjati na ca upalabbhati, pahīnoti attho. Bhavarāgavacaneneva cettha
tadekaṭṭhatāya mānādīnampi abhāvo vuttoti sabbaso parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanataṃ
dasseti.
Kaṇhadinnattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Tatiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Catutthavaggo
1. Migasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yatoahaṃ
pabbajitoti āyasmato migasirattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto kassapassa
bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
disvā pasannacitto kusaṭṭhakaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā
migasiranakkhattena jātattā migasiroti
laddhanāmo vayappatto brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato chavasīsamantaṃ
nāma sikkhi, yaṃ parijappetvā tivassamatthake matānampi sīsaṃ nakhena ākoṭetvā
‘‘ayaṃ satto asukaṭṭhāne nibbatto’’ti jānāti.
So gharāvāsaṃ anicchanto paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā taṃ vijjaṃ nissāya
lokena sakkato garukato lābhī hutvā vicaranto sāvatthiṃ upagato satthu
santikaṃ gantvā attano ānubhāvaṃ pakāsento – ‘‘ahaṃ, bho gotama, matānaṃ
nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ jānāmī’’ti vatvā, ‘‘kathaṃ pana tvaṃ jānāsī’’ti vutte,
‘‘chavasīsāni āharāpetvā mantaṃ parijappetvā nakhena sīsaṃ ākoṭento nirayādikaṃ
tehi tehi nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ jānāmī’’ti kathesi. Athassa bhagavā parinibbutassa
bhikkhuno sīsakapālaṃ āharāpetvā, ‘‘kathehi tāva tassa gatiṃ, yassidaṃ
sīsakapāla’’nti āha. So taṃ kapālaṃ mantaṃ parijappetvā nakhena ākoṭetvā neva
antaṃ na koṭiṃ passati. Atha satthārā, ‘‘na sakkosi paribbājakā’’ti vutte ,
‘‘upaparikkhissāmi tāvā’’ti vatvā punappunaṃ parivattentopi na passateva.
Bāhirakamantena hi khīṇāsavassa gatiṃ kathaṃ jānissati, athassa matthakato
kacchehi ca sedo mucci. So lajjitvā tuṇhībhūto aṭṭhāsi. Satthā ‘‘kilamasi
paribbājakā’’ti āha. So ‘‘āma, kilamāmi, na imassa gatiṃ jānāmi, tumhe pana
jānāthā’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi, ito uttaritarampi jānāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘nibbānaṃ
gato so’’ti āha. Paribbājako ‘‘imaṃ vijjaṃ mayhaṃ dethā’’ti āha. ‘‘Tena hi
pabbajā’’ti vatvā taṃ pabbājetvā paṭhamaṃ samathakammaṭṭhāne niyojetvā jhānābhiññāsu
patiṭṭhitassa vipassanāya kammaṃ upadisi. So vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.56-60) –
‘‘Kassapassa bhagavato, brāhmaṇassa vusīmato;
Pasannacitto sumano, kusaṭṭhakamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappasmiṃ, kusaṭṭhakamadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kusaṭṭhakassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
181.
‘‘Yato ahaṃ pabbajito, sammāsambuddhasāsane;
Vimuccamāno uggacchiṃ, kāmadhātuṃ upaccagaṃ.
182.
‘‘Brahmuno pekkhamānassa, tato cittaṃ vimucci
me;
Akuppā me vimuttīti, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayā’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha yato ahaṃ
pabbajito, sammāsambuddhasāsaneti yato pabhuti ahaṃ pabbajito buddhassa
bhagavato sāsane, pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya. Vimuccamāno
uggacchinti saṃkilesapakkhato paṭhamaṃ tāva samathavipassanāhi
vimuccamāno vodānadhammasavanena uṭṭhahiṃ. Evaṃ uggacchanto kāmadhātuṃ
upaccagaṃ anāgāmimaggena accantameva kāmadhātuṃ atikkamiṃ.
Brahmuno pekkhamānassa, tato cittaṃ
vimucci meti sadevakassa lokassa aggabhūtattā seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmuno
buddhassa bhagavato mahākaruṇāyogena ‘‘ayaṃ kulaputto mama sāsane pabbajitvā
kathaṃ nu kho paṭipajjatī’’ti pekkhantassa tato anāgāmimaggādhigamato pacchā
aggamaggādhigamena mama cittaṃ sabbasaṃkilesato accantameva mucci. Akuppāme
vimuttīti, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayāti tathāvimuttacittattā eva sabbesaṃ
saṃyojanānaṃ khayā parikkhayā iti evaṃ akuppā me vimuttīti aññaṃ byākāsi.
Migasirattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Sivakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Aniccānigahakānīti
āyasmato sivakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ passitvā
pasannamānaso pattaṃ ādāya kummāsassa pūretvā adāsi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, sivakotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato
nekkhammajjhāsayatāya kāme pahāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vicaranto
satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya
kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.56.117-121) –
‘‘Esanāya carantassa, vipassissa mahesino;
Rittakaṃ pattaṃ disvāna, kummāsaṃ pūrayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ bhikkhamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kummāsassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
183.
‘‘Aniccāni gahakāni, tattha tattha punappunaṃ;
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
184.
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, thūṇikā ca vidālitā;
Vimariyādikataṃ cittaṃ, idheva vidhamissatī’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha aniccāni
gahakāni, tattha tattha punappunanti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhave punappunaṃ
nibbattamānāni gahakāni attabhāvagehāni na nibbāni anavaṭṭhitāni ittarāni
parittakālāni. Gahakāraṃ
gavesantoti imassa attabhāvagehassa kārakaṃ taṇhāvaḍḍhakiṃ pariyesanto
ettakaṃ kālaṃ anuvicarinti adhippāyo. Dukkhā
jāti punappunanti idaṃ gahakārakagavesanassa kāraṇavacanaṃ .
Yasmā jarābyādhimaraṇamissatāya jāti nāmesā
punappunaṃ upagantuṃ dukkhā, na ca sā tasmiṃ adiṭṭhe nivattati, tasmā taṃ
gavesanto vicarinti attho.
Gahakārakadiṭṭhosīti
idāni pana yena so sakkā daṭṭhuṃ, tena ariyamaggañāṇacakkhunā gahakāraka diṭṭho
asi. Puna gehanti
puna imasmiṃ saṃsāravaṭṭe attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ mama gehaṃ na
kāhasi na karissasi. Sabbā
te phāsukā bhaggāti tava sabbā anavasesakilesaphāsukā mayā bhaggā. Thūṇikā
ca vidālitāti idāni tayā kātabbassa attabhāvagehassa avijjāsaṅkhātā
kaṇṇikā ca bhinnā. Vimariyādikataṃ
cittanti mama cittaṃ vigatantaṃ kataṃ, āyatiṃ anuppattidhammataṃ
āpāditaṃ. Tato eva idheva
vidhamissati imasmiṃyeva bhave viddhaṃsissati,
carimakacittanirodhena nirujjhissatīti attho.
Sivakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Upavāṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Arahaṃ sugatoti āyasmato
upavāṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
daliddakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavati parinibbute tassa dhātuṃ
gahetvā manussadevanāgagaruḷakumbhaṇḍayakkhagandhabbehi sattaratanamaye
sattayojanike thūpe kate tattha sudhotaṃ attano uttarāsaṅgaṃ veḷagge ābandhitvā
dhajaṃ katvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Taṃ gahetvā abhisammatako nāma yakkhasenāpati devehi
cetiyapūjārakkhaṇatthaṃ ṭhapito adissamānakāyo ākāse dhārento cetiyaṃ tikkhattuṃ
padakkhiṇaṃ akāsi. So taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso ahosi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā upavāṇoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ patvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.56.122-178) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
Jalitvā aggikkhandhova, sambuddho parinibbuto.
‘‘Mahājanā samāgamma, pūjayitvā tathāgataṃ;
Cittaṃ katvāna sugataṃ, sarīraṃ abhiropayuṃ.
‘‘Sarīrakiccaṃ katvāna, dhātuṃ tattha samānayuṃ;
Sadevamanussā sabbe, buddhathūpaṃ akaṃsu te.
‘‘Paṭhamā kañcanamayā, dutiyā ca maṇimayā;
Tatiyā rūpiyamayā, catutthī phalikāmayā.
‘‘Tattha pañcamikā ceva, lohitaṅkamayā ahu;
Chaṭṭhā masāragallassa, sabbaṃ ratanamayūpari.
‘‘Jaṅghā maṇimayā āsi, vedikā ratanāmayā;
Sabbasoṇṇamayo thūpo, uddhaṃ yojanamuggato.
‘‘Devā tattha samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa tādino.
‘‘Dhātu āveṇikā natthi, sarīraṃ ekapiṇḍitaṃ;
Imamhi buddhathūpamhi, kassāma kañcukaṃ mayaṃ.
‘‘Devā sattahi ratnehi, aññaṃ vaḍḍhesuṃ yojanaṃ;
Thūpo dviyojanubbedho, timiraṃ byapahanti so.
‘‘Nāgā tattha samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Manussā ceva devā ca, buddhathūpaṃ akaṃsu te.
‘‘Mā no pamattā assumha, appamattā sadevakā;
Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa tādino.
‘‘Indanīlaṃ mahānīlaṃ, atho jotirasaṃ maṇiṃ;
Ekato sannipātetvā, buddhathūpaṃ achādayuṃ.
‘‘Sabbaṃ maṇimayaṃ āsi, yāvatā buddhacetiyaṃ;
Tiyojanasamubbedhaṃ, ālokakaraṇaṃ tadā.
‘‘Garuḷā ca samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Manussā devanāgā ca, buddhapūjaṃ akaṃsu te.
‘‘Mā no pamattā assumha, appamattā sadevakā;
Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa tādino.
‘‘Sabbaṃ maṇimayaṃ thūpaṃ, akaruṃ te ca kañcukaṃ;
Yojanaṃ tepi vaḍḍhesuṃ, āyataṃ buddhacetiyaṃ.
‘‘Catuyojanamubbedho, buddhathūpo virocati;
Obhāseti disā sabbā, sataraṃsīva uggato.
‘‘Kumbhaṇḍā ca samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Manussā ceva devā ca, nāgā ca garuḷā tathā.
‘‘Paccekaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, akaṃsu thūpamuttamaṃ;
Mā no pamattā assumha, appamattā sadevakā.
‘‘Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa
tādino;
Ratanehi chādessāma, āyataṃ buddhacetiyaṃ.
‘‘Yojanaṃ tepi vaḍḍhesuṃ, āyataṃ buddhacetiyaṃ;
Pañcayojanamubbedho, thūpo obhāsate tadā.
‘‘Yakkhā tattha samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Manussā devanāgā ca, garuḷā ca kumbhaṇḍakā.
‘‘Paccekaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, akaṃsu thūpamuttamaṃ;
Mā no pamattā assumha, appamattā sadevakā.
‘‘Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa tādino;
Phalikā chādayissāma, āyataṃ buddhacetiyaṃ.
‘‘Yojanaṃ tepi vaḍḍhesuṃ, āyataṃ buddhacetiyaṃ;
Chayojanikamubbedho, thūpo obhāsate tadā.
‘‘Gandhabbā ca samāgantvā, ekato mantayuṃ tadā;
Manujā devatā nāgā, kumbhaṇḍā garuḷā tathā.
‘‘Sabbe akaṃsu buddhathūpaṃ, mayamettha akārakā;
Mayampi thūpaṃ kassāma, lokanāthassa tādino.
‘‘Vediyo satta katvāna, dhajaṃ chattaṃ akaṃsu
te;
Sabbasoṇṇamayaṃ thūpaṃ, gandhabbā kārayuṃ tadā.
‘‘Sattayojanamubbedho, thūpo obhāsate tadā;
Rattindivā na ñāyanti, āloko hoti sabbadā.
‘‘Abhibhonti na tassābhā, candasūrā satārakā;
Samantā yojanasate, padīpopi na pajjali.
‘‘Tena kālena ye keci, thūpaṃ pūjenti mānusā;
Na te thūpaṃ āruhanti, ambare ukkhipanti te.
‘‘Devehi ṭhapito yakkho, abhisammatanāmako;
Dhajaṃ vā pupphadāmaṃ vā, abhiropeti uttariṃ.
‘‘Na te passanti taṃ yakkhaṃ, dāmaṃ passanti gacchato;
Evaṃ passitvā gacchantā, sabbe gacchanti suggatiṃ.
‘‘Viruddhā ye pāvacane, pasannā ye ca sāsane;
Pāṭihīraṃ daṭṭhukāmā, thūpaṃ pūjenti mānusā.
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, ahosiṃ bhatako tadā;
Āmoditaṃ janaṃ disvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā.
‘‘Uḷāro bhagavā neso, yassa dhātughare disaṃ;
Imā ca janatā tuṭṭhā, kāraṃ kubbaṃ na tappare.
‘‘Ahampi kāraṃ kassāmi, lokanāthassa tādino;
Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, bhavissāmi anāgate.
‘‘Sudhotaṃ rajakenāhaṃ, uttareyyaṃ paṭaṃ mama;
Veḷagge ālaggetvāna, dhajaṃ ukkhipimambare.
‘‘Abhisammatako gayha, ambare hāsi me dhajaṃ;
Vāteritaṃ dhajaṃ disvā, bhiyyo hāsaṃ janesahaṃ.
‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, samaṇaṃ upasaṅkamiṃ;
Taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā, vipākaṃ pucchahaṃ dhaje.
‘‘So me kathesi ānandī, pītisañjananaṃ mama;
Tassa dhajassa vipākaṃ, anubhossasi sabbadā.
‘‘Hatthiassarathāpattī, senā ca caturaṅginī;
Parivāressanti taṃ niccaṃ, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, bheriyo samalaṅkatā;
Parivāressanti taṃ niccaṃ, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Chaḷasīti sahassāni, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
Vicittavatthābharaṇā, āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalā.
‘‘Aḷārapamhā hasulā, susaññā tanumajjhimā;
Parivāressanti taṃ niccaṃ, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devaloke ramissasi;
Asītikkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissasi.
‘‘Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;
Puññakammena saññutto, brahmabandhu bhavissasi.
‘‘Asītikoṭiṃ chaḍḍetvā, dāse kammakare bahū;
Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissasi.
‘‘Ārādhayitvā sambuddhaṃ, gotamaṃ sakyapuṅgavaṃ;
Upavāṇoti nāmena, hessasi satthu sāvako.
‘‘Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me
idha;
Sumutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.
‘‘Cakkavattissa santassa, cātuddīpissarassa me;
Tīṇi yojanāni sāmantā, ussīyanti dhajā sadā.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dhajadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Athāyasmā upavāṇo bhagavato upaṭṭhāko ahosi.
Tena ca samayena bhagavato vātābādho uppajji. Therassa ca gihisahāyo devahito
nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. So theraṃ catūhi paccayehi pavedesi.
Athāyasmā upavāṇo nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ
upagacchi. Brāhmaṇo ‘‘kenaci aññena payojanena thero āgato’’ti ñatvā,
‘‘vadeyyātha, bhante, kenattho’’ti āha. Thero tassa brāhmaṇassa payojanaṃ
ācikkhanto –
185.
‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, vātehābādhiko muni;
Sace uṇhodakaṃ atthi, munino dehi brāhmaṇa.
186.
‘‘Pūjito pūjaneyyānaṃ, sakkareyyāna sakkato;
Apacitopaceyyānaṃ, tassa icchāmi hātave’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tassattho – yo imasmiṃ loke
pūjaneyyānaṃ pūjetabbehi sakkādīhi devehi mahābrahmādīhi ca
brahmehi pūjito,
sakkareyyānaṃ sakkātabbehi bimbisārakosalarājādīhi sakkato,
apaceyyānaṃ apacāyitabbehi mahesīhi khīṇāsavehi apacito, kilesehi
ārakattādinā arahaṃ, sobhanagamanādinā sugato sabbaññū muni mayhaṃ
satthā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā, so dāni vātehi vātahetu
vātakkhobhanimittaṃ ābādhiko jāto. Sace,
brāhmaṇa, uṇhodakaṃ atthi, tassa vātābādhavūpasamanatthaṃ
taṃ hātave upanetuṃ icchāmīti.
Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo uṇhodakaṃ tadanurūpaṃ vātārahañca bhesajjaṃ
bhagavato upanāmesi. Tena ca satthu rogo vūpasami. Tassa bhagavā anumodanaṃ
akāsīti.
Upavāṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Isidinnattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Diṭṭhāmayāti
āyasmato isidinnattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bījaniṃ gahetvā bodhiyā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sunāparantajanapade
seṭṭhikule nibbattitvā isidinnoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu candanamāḷapaṭiggahaṇe pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ
sutvā sotāpanno hutvā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati. Tassa hitānukampinī devatā taṃ codentī
–
187.
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā dhammadharā upāsakā, kāmā aniccā iti bhāsamānā;
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu, puttesu dāresu ca te apekkhā.
188.
‘‘Addhā na jānanti yatodha dhammaṃ, kāmā aniccā iti cāpi āhu;
Rāgañca tesaṃ na balatthi chettuṃ, tasmā sitā puttadāraṃ dhanañcā’’ti. –
Gāthādvayamabhāsi.
Tattha diṭṭhā mayā
dhammadharā upāsakā, kāmā aniccā iti bhāsamānāti idhekacce
pariyattidhammadharā upāsakā mayā diṭṭhā, pariyattidhammadharattā eva
‘‘kāmā nāmete aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’’ti kāmesu ādīnavapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ
dhammaṃ bhāsamānā, sayaṃ pana sārattarattā
maṇikuṇḍalesu, puttesu dāresu ca te apekkhāti sārattā hutvā
bahalarāgarattā maṇīsu kuṇḍalesu ca, maṇicitesu vā kuṇḍalesu, puttesu
puttadhītāsu dāresu ca adhigatasnehā, aññaṃ bhaṇantā aññaṃ karontā diṭṭhā mayāti
attho.
Yatoti yasmā te upāsakā
sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttesu dāresu ca apekkhavanto, tasmā idha imasmiṃ
buddhasāsane dhammaṃ yāthāvato addhā ekaṃsena na
jānanti. Evaṃ bhūtā ca ‘‘kāmā
aniccā’’iti cāpi āhu ahosi, sattapakati vicittasabhāvāti
adhippāyo. Rāgañca
tesaṃ na balatthi chettunti tesaṃ upāsakānaṃ yasmā rāgaṃ chettuṃ
samucchindituṃ tādisaṃ ñāṇabalaṃ natthi, tasmā tena
kāraṇena sitā taṇhāvasena
nissitā puttadāraṃ
dhanañca allīnā na vissajjentīti sabbametaṃ devatā taṃyeva
upāsakaṃ uddissa aññāpadesena kathesi. Taṃ sutvā upāsako saṃvegajāto pabbajitvā
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.46-50) –
‘‘Vipassino bhagavato, bodhiyā pādaputtame;
Sumano bījaniṃ gayha, abījiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, abījiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bījanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākaronto imā eva gāthā abhāsīti.
Isidinnattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Sambulakaccānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Devocāti
āyasmato sambulakaccānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito catunavutikappamatthake
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ sataraṃsiṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ
nirodhā vuṭṭhahitvā piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso tālaphalaṃ adāsi. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe
gahapatikule nibbattitvā ‘‘sambulo’’ti laddhanāmo kaccānagottatāya sambulakaccānoti
paññāyittha.
So vayappatto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
himavantasamīpe bheravāya nāma pabbataguhāyaṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
viharati. Athekadivasaṃ mahā akālamegho satapaṭalasahassapaṭalo thanento
gajjanto vijjullatā nicchārento gaḷagaḷāyanto uṭṭhahitvā vassituṃ ārabhi,
asaniyo phaliṃsu. Taṃ saddaṃ sutvā acchataracchuvanamahiṃsahatthiādayo
bhītatasitā bhītaravaṃ viraviṃsu. Thero pana āraddhavipassanattā kāye jīvite ca
nirapekkho vigatalomahaṃso taṃ acintento vipassanāyameva kammaṃ karonto
ghammāpagamena utusappāyalābhena samāhitacitto tāvadeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
saha abhiññāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.85-90) –
‘‘Sataraṃsī nāma bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;
Vivekā vuṭṭhahitvāna, gocarāyābhinikkhami.
‘‘Phalahattho ahaṃ disvā, upagacchiṃ
narāsabhaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, tālaphalaṃ adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ
paccavekkhitvā somanassajāto udānavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –
189.
‘‘Devo ca vassati, devo ca gaḷagaḷāyati,
Ekako cāhaṃ bherave bile viharāmi;
Tassa mayhaṃ ekakassa bherave bile viharato,
Natthi bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā.
190.
‘‘Dhammatā mamesā yassa me, ekakassa bherave bile;
Viharato natthi bhayaṃ vā, chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha devo
ca vassati, devo ca gaḷagaḷāyatīti devo megho vassati ca, ‘‘gaḷagaḷā’’ti
ca karonto gajjatīti attho. Gajjantassa hi anukaraṇametaṃ. Ekako
cāhaṃ bherave bile viharāmīti ahañca ekako asahāyo sappaṭibhayāyaṃ
pabbataguhāyaṃ vasāmi, tassa
mayhaṃ evaṃbhūtassa me sato natthi
bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vāti cittutrāsasaññitaṃ bhayaṃ vā
taṃnimittakaṃ sarīrassa chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃsanamattaṃ vā natthi.
Kasmāti tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘dhammatā
mamesā’’ti. Apariññātavatthukassa hi tattha appahīnacchandarāgatāya
bhayādinā bhavitabbaṃ, mayā pana sabbaso tattha pariññātaṃ, tattha ca chandarāgo
samucchinno, tasmā bhayādīnaṃ abhāvo dhammatā
mamesā mama dhammasabhāvo esoti aññaṃ byākāsi.
Sambulakaccānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Nitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kassaselūpamaṃ
cittanti āyasmato nitakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto vipassissa
bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare ārāmagopako hutvā jīvanto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ
ākāsena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso nāḷikeraphalaṃ dātukāmo ahosi. Satthā taṃ
anuggaṇhanto ākāseyeva ṭhatvā paṭiggaṇhi. So taṃ datvā uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ
paṭisaṃvedi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā nitakoti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe viharanto ghaṭento arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.91-99) –
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, ārāmiko ahaṃ tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase.
‘‘Nāḷikeraphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Ākāse ṭhitako santo, paṭiggaṇhi mahāyaso.
‘‘Vittisañjanano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho;
Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, vippasannena cetasā.
‘‘Adhigacchiṃ tadā pītiṃ, vipulañca sukhuttamaṃ;
Uppajjateva ratanaṃ, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Dibbacakkhu visuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalo ahaṃ;
Abhiññāpāramippatto, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā there phalasukhena nibbānasukhena viharante
padhānapariggāhako thero taṃ āraññāyatanaṃ gantvā tattha vasantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ
pariggaṇhanatthaṃ ‘‘kassa
selūpama’’ntiādinā paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha.
191.
Tattha kassa
selūpamaṃ cittaṃ, ṭhitaṃ nānupakampatīti imasmiṃ araññāyatane vasantesu
kassa bhikkhuno cittaṃ aggaphalādhigamena ekaghanasilāmayapabbatūpamaṃ sabbesaṃ
iñjanānaṃ abhāvato vasībhāvappattiyā ca ṭhitaṃ sabbehipi lokadhammehi
nānukampati na vedhati. Idānissa akampanākāraṃ saddhiṃ kāraṇena dassetuṃ ‘‘viratta’’ntiādi
vuttaṃ. Tattha virattaṃ
rajanīyesūti virāgasaṅkhātena ariyamaggena rajanīyesu
rāguppattihetubhūtesu tebhūmakadhammesu virattaṃ, tattha sabbaso
samucchinnarāganti attho. Kuppanīyeti
paṭighaṭṭhānīye, sabbasmimpi āghātavatthusmiṃ. Na
kuppatīti na dussati na vikāraṃ āpajjati. Yassevaṃ
bhāvitaṃ cittanti yassa ariyapuggalassa cittaṃ mano evaṃ vuttanayena
tādibhāvena bhāvitaṃ, kuto
taṃ dukkhamessatīti taṃ puggalaṃ kuto sattato saṅkhārato vā dukkhaṃ
upagamissati, na tādisassa dukkhaṃ atthīti attho.
192.
Evaṃ aniyamavasena pucchitamatthaṃ nitakatthero attūpanāyikaṃ katvā vissajjento ‘‘mama
selūpamaṃ citta’’ntiādinā dutiyagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi. Taṃ vuttatthameva.
Nitakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Soṇapoṭiriyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Na tāva supituṃ hotīti
āyasmato soṇassa poṭiriyaputtassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro sikhissa bhagavato kāle vanacaro hutvā jīvanto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
disvā pasannacitto kurañjiyaphalaṃ satthuno
adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kapilavatthusmiṃ poṭiriyassa nāma gāmabhojakassa putto hutvā nibbatti, soṇotissa
nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto bhaddiyassa sākiyarañño senāpati ahosi. Atha
bhaddiyarāje heṭṭhā vuttanayena pabbajite, senāpati ‘‘rājāpi
nāma pabbaji, kiṃ mayhaṃ gharāvāsenā’’ti pabbaji? Pabbajitvā pana niddārāmo
viharati, na bhāvanamanuyuñjati. Taṃ bhagavā anupiyāyaṃ ambavane viharanto
attano obhāsaṃ pharāpetvā tenassa satiṃ janetvā imāya gāthāya taṃ ovadanto –
193.
‘‘Na tāva supituṃ hoti, ratti nakkhattamālinī;
Paṭijaggitumevesā, ratti hoti vijānatā.
194.
‘‘Hatthikkhandhāvapatitaṃ , kuñjaro ce
anukkame;
Saṅgāme me mataṃ seyyo, yañce jīve parājito’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha na tāva supituṃ
hoti, ratti nakkhattamālinīti aṭṭhahi akkhaṇehi vajjitaṃ navamaṃ khaṇaṃ
labhitvā ṭhitassa viññujātikassa yāva na arahattaṃ hatthagataṃ hoti, tāva ayaṃ
nakkhattamālinī ratti supituṃ niddāyituṃ na hoti, supanassa kālo na hoti. Apica
kho paṭijaggitumevesā,
ratti hoti vijānatāti esā ratti nāma manussānaṃ migapakkhīnañca
niddūpagamanena visesato nissaddavelābhūtā paṭipattiṃ attani sañjaggituṃ
jāgariyānuyogamanuyuñjitumeva vijānatā viññunā icchitā hotīti.
Taṃ sutvā soṇo saṃviggataramānaso hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ
adhiṭṭhāya vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto ‘‘hatthikkhandhova
patita’’nti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha avapatitanti
avamukhaṃ patitaṃ uddhaṃpādaṃ adhomukhaṃ patitaṃ. Kuñjaro
ce anukkameti kuñjaro anukkameyya ce. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadāhaṃ
hatthimāruhitvā saṅgāmaṃ paviṭṭho hatthikkhandhato patito, tadāhaṃ saṅgāme tena
hatthinā maddito mato ahosiṃ ce, taṃ me maraṇaṃ seyyo,
yañce idāni kilesehi parājito jīveyyaṃ,
taṃ na seyyoti. Imaṃ gāthaṃ vadantoyeva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.1-6) –
‘‘Migaluddo pure āsiṃ,
vipine vicaraṃ ahaṃ;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ.
‘‘Kurañjiyaphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Puññakkhettassa tādino, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ‘‘satthārā vuttaṃ, attanā vutta’’nti ubhayañhi gāthaṃ
‘‘hatthikkhandhāvapatita’’ntiādinā paccudāhāsi. Tena idameva aññābyākaraṇaṃ
ahosīti.
Soṇapoṭiriyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Nisabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañcakāmaguṇe
hitvāti āyasmato nisabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya
carantaṃ disvā pasannacitto kapitthaphalamadāsi. So tena puññakammena
sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde koliyajanapade kulagehe nibbattitvā nisabhoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto sākiyakoliyānaṃ saṅgāme buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā tadaheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.7-11) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, kapitthaṃ adadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
So arahattaṃ pana patvā attano sahāyabhikkhū
pamādavihārena kālaṃ vītināmente disvā te ovadanto –
195.
‘‘Pañca kāmaguṇe hitvā, piyarūpe manorame;
Saddhāya gharā nikkhamma, dukkhassantakaro bhave’’ti. –
Paṭhamaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
Tassattho – bālaputhujjanassa piyāyitabbasabhāvatāya piyarūpe manuññasabhāvatāya manorame rūpādike pañca
kāmaguṇe kāmakoṭṭhāse hitvā pahāya
pariccajitvā kammaphalasaddhāya ratanattayasaddhāya ca
vasena gharā gharabandhanato nikkhamma nikkhamitvā
pabbajjaṃ upagato viññujātiko pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya ghaṭento vāyamanto vaṭṭadukkhassa
antakaro bhave bhaveyyāti. Evaṃ te bhikkhū ovaditvā ‘‘ayaṃ
pare eva saññāpento viharati, ‘‘sayaṃ pana
akārako’ti mā cintayitthā’’ti tesaṃ attano paṭipannabhāvaṃ pakāsento –
196.
‘‘Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ, nābhinandāmi jīvitaṃ;
Kālañca paṭikaṅkhāmi, sampajāno patissato’’ti. –
Dutiyagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi. Tattha nābhinandāmi
maraṇanti maraṇaṃ na abhikaṅkhāmi. Nābhinandāmi
jīvitanti idaṃ pana tassa kāraṇavacanaṃ, yasmā nābhinandāmi jīvitaṃ,
tasmā nābhinandāmi maraṇanti. Yo hi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇāya kilesābhisaṅkhāre
ācinoti upacinoti, so punabbhavābhinibbattiṃ abhinandanto nāntariyakatāya attano
maraṇampi abhinandati nāma kāraṇassa appahīnattā, khīṇāsavo pana sabbaso
ācayagāmidhamme pahāya apacayagāmidhamme patiṭṭhito pariññātavatthuko sabbaso
jīvitaṃ anabhinandanto maraṇampi anabhinandati nāma kāraṇassa eva suppahīnattā.
Tenāha – ‘‘nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ, nābhinandāmi jīvita’’nti. Yadi evaṃ
khīṇāsavassa parinibbānābhikaṅkhā, yāva parinibbānā avaṭṭhānañca kathanti āha ‘‘kālañca
paṭikaṅkhāmi, sampajāno patissato’’ti, kilesaparinibbāne siddhe
satipaññāvepullappattiyā sato sampajāno kevalaṃ khandhaparinibbānakālaṃ
paṭikaṅkhāmi, taṃ udikkhamāno āgamayamāno viharāmi, na pana me maraṇe jīvite vā
abhinandanā atthi arahattamaggeneva tassa samugghāṭitattāti.
Nisabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ambapallavasaṅkāsanti
āyasmato usabhattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
kosambaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ sākiyarājakule nibbattitvā usabhoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbaji. So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya
samaṇadhammaṃ akatvā divā saṅgaṇikārāmo sakalarattiṃ niddāyamāno vītināmeti. So
ekadivasaṃ muṭṭhassati asampajāno niddaṃ okkanto supine kesamassuṃ ohāretvā
ambapallavavaṇṇaṃ cīvaraṃ pārupitvā hatthigīvāyaṃ nisīditvā nagaraṃ piṇḍāya
paviṭṭhaṃ tattheva manusse sampatte disvā lajjāya hatthikkhandhato oruyha
attānaṃ disvā paṭibuddho, ‘‘īdisaṃ nāma supinaṃ muṭṭhassatinā asampajānena niddāyamānena
mayā diṭṭha’’nti uppannasaṃvego vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ
pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.12-16) –
‘‘Kakudhaṃ vilasantaṃva, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, kosambaṃ adadiṃ tadā.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Atha thero yathādiṭṭhaṃ supinaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā
arahattassa adhigatattā tasseva supinassa kittanavasena aññaṃ byākaronto –
197.
‘‘Ambapallavasaṅkāsaṃ, aṃse katvāna cīvaraṃ;
Nisinno hatthigīvāyaṃ, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ.
198.
‘‘Hatthikkhandhato oruyha, saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadā;
Sohaṃ ditto tadā santo, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. – gāthādvayamāha;
Tattha ambapallavasaṅkāsaṃ,
aṃse katvāna cīvaranti ambapallavākāraṃ pavāḷavaṇṇaṃ cīvaraṃ khandhe
karitvā uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā. Gāmanti
attano rājadhāniṃ hatthikkhandhe nisinno
piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, paviṭṭhamattova mahājanena olokiyamāno hatthikkhandhato
oruyha ṭhito paṭibujjhiṃ, pabuddhova saṃvegaṃ
alabhiṃ tadā ‘‘muṭṭhassati asampajāno hutvā niddāyokkamanena
etaṃ jāta’’nti. Apare pana ‘‘rājāva hutvā rattibhāge evarūpaṃ supinaṃ disvā
vibhātāya rattiyā hatthikkhandhaṃ āruyha nagaravīthiyaṃ caranto taṃ supinaṃ
saritvā hatthikkhandhato oruyha saṃvegaṃ labhitvā satthu santike pabbajitvā
arahattaṃ patvā udānaṃ udānento imā gāthā abhāsī’’ti vadanti. Dittoti
tasmiṃ rājakāle jātimadabhogamadādiparidappito samāno saṃvegamalabhinti yojanā.
Usabhattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Kappaṭakurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ayamitikappaṭoti
āyasmato kappaṭakurattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti. Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ vinatāya nāma nadiyā
tīre aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ketakapupphehi pūjaṃ
akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ
duggatakule nibbattitvā yāva vayappatti, tāva aññaṃ upāyaṃ ajānanto
kappaṭakhaṇḍanivāsano sarāvahattho tattha tattha kuraṃ pariyesanto vicari, tena kappaṭakurotveva
paññāyittha. So vayappatto tiṇaṃ vikkiṇitvā jīvikaṃ kappento ekadivasaṃ
tiṇalāvanatthaṃ araññaṃ gato tattha aññataraṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ disvā taṃ
upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā nisīdi. Tassa thero dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho ‘‘kiṃ me imāya kicchajīvikāyā’’ti pabbajitvā attano
nivatthakappaṭacoḷaṃ ekasmiṃ ṭhāne nikkhipi. Yadā cassa anabhirati uppajjati,
tadā taṃ kappaṭaṃ olokentassa anabhirati vigacchati, saṃvegaṃ paṭilabhi. Evaṃ
karonto sattakkhattuṃ uppabbaji. Tassa taṃ kāraṇaṃ bhikkhū bhagavato ārocesuṃ.
Athekadivasaṃ kappaṭakuro bhikkhu dhammasabhāyaṃ parisapariyante nisinno
niddāyati, taṃ bhagavā codento –
199.
‘‘Ayamiti kappaṭo kappaṭakuro, acchāya atibharitāya;
Amataghaṭikāyaṃ dhammakaṭamatto, katapadaṃ jhānāni ocetuṃ.
200.
‘‘Mā kho tvaṃ kappaṭa pacālesi, mā tvaṃ upakaṇṇamhi tāḷessaṃ;
Na hi tvaṃ kappaṭa mattamaññāsi, saṅghamajjhamhi pacalāyamāno’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha ayamiti kappaṭo
kappaṭakuroti kappaṭakuro bhikkhu ‘‘ayaṃ mama kappaṭo, imaṃ paridahitvā
yathā tathā jīvāmī’’ti evaṃ uppannamicchāvitakko acchāya
atibharitāya amataghaṭikāyaṃ mama amataghaṭe tahaṃ tahaṃ
vassante ‘‘amatamadhigataṃ ahamanusāsāmi, ahaṃ dhammaṃ
desemi’’ (mahāva. 12; ma. ni. 1.286; 2.342). ‘‘Andhībhūtasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, āhañchaṃ
amatadundubhi’’ntiādinā (mahāva. 11; ma. ni. 1.285; 2.341) ghosetvā mayā
dhammāmate pavassiyamāne katapadaṃ
jhānāni ocetuṃ lokiyalokuttarajjhānāni upacetuṃ bhāvetuṃ
katapadaṃ kaṭamaggavihitabhāvanāmaggaṃ idaṃ mama sāsanaṃ, tathāpi dhammakaṭamatto mama
sāsanadhammato ukkaṇṭhacitto apagatamānaso
kappaṭakuroti taṃ codetvā punapissa sahoḍḍhaṃ coraṃ gaṇhanto viya pamādavihāraṃ
dassento ‘‘mā kho
tvaṃ, kappaṭa, pacālesī’’ti gāthamāha.
Tattha mā kho tvaṃ,
kappaṭa, pacālesīti tvaṃ, kappaṭakura, ‘‘mama dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’’ti
nisīditvā mā kho pacālesi mā pacalāhi mā niddaṃ upagacchi. Mā
tvaṃ upakaṇṇamhi tāḷessanti taṃ niddāyamānaṃ upakaṇṇamhi kaṇṇasamīpe
desanāhatthena ahaṃ mā patāḷessaṃ. Yathā ito paraṃ kilesappahānāya ahaṃ taṃ na
ovadeyyaṃ, tathā paṭipajjāhīti attho. Na
hi tvaṃ, kappaṭa, mattamaññāsīti tvaṃ, kappaṭa, saṅghamajjhamhi
pacalāyamāno mattaṃ pamāṇaṃ na vā maññasi, ‘‘ayamatidullabho
khaṇo paṭiladdho, so mā upajjhagā’’ti ettakampi na jānāsi, passa yāva ca te
aparaddhanti codesi.
Evaṃ bhagavatā dvīhi gāthāhi gāḷhaṃ taṃ niggayha codanāya katāya
aṭṭhivedhaviddho viya caṇḍagajo maggaṃ otaranto viya ca sañjātasaṃvego
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.52.17-22) –
‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, vihāsi purisuttamo;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
‘‘Madhugandhassa pupphena, ketakassa ahaṃ tadā;
Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthārā
vuttagāthādvayameva attano arahattādhigamanassa aṅkusabhūtanti paccudāhāsi.
Tenassa tadeva aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Kappaṭakurattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Catutthavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Pañcamavaggo
1. Kumārakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ahobuddhā
aho dhammāti āyasmato kumārakassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. ‘‘Kulagehe’’ti pana
aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.217) vuttaṃ. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā
dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ cittakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ
disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā tadanurūpāni puññāni
karonto kassapassa bhagavato kāle samaṇadhammaṃ katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā kira
kumārikākāleyeva pabbajitukāmā hutvā mātāpitaro yācitvā pabbajjaṃ alabhamānā
kulagharaṃ gatāpi gabbhasaṇṭhitampi ajānantī sāmikaṃ ārādhetvā tena anuññātā
bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā. Tassā gabbhinibhāvaṃ disvā bhikkhuniyo devadattaṃ
pucchiṃsu. So ‘‘assamaṇī’’ti āha. Puna dasabalaṃ pucchiṃsu. Satthā upālittheraṃ
paṭicchāpesi. Thero sāvatthinagaravāsīni kulāni visākhañca upāsikaṃ pakkosāpetvā
sarājikāya parisāya vinicchinanto ‘‘pure laddho gabbho, pabbajjā arogā’’ti āha.
Satthā ‘‘suvinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇa’’nti therassa sādhukāraṃ adāsi.
Sā bhikkhunī suvaṇṇabimbasadisaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. Taṃ rājā pasenadikosalo posesi.
‘‘Kassapo’’ti cassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Aparabhāge alaṅkaritvā
satthu santikaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Kumārakāle pabbajitattā bhagavatā ‘‘kassapaṃ
pakkosatha, idaṃ phalaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā kassapassa dethā’’ti vutte
‘‘katarakassapassā’’ti. ‘‘Kumārakassapassā’’ti. Evaṃ gahitanāmattā rañño
posāvanikaputtattā ca vuḍḍhakālepi kumārakassapotveva
paññāyittha.
So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya ceva kammaṃ karoti, buddhavacanañca
uggaṇhāti. Atha tena saddhiṃ pabbatamatthake samaṇadhammaṃ katvā anāgāmī hutvā
suddhāvāse nibbatto mahābrahmā ‘‘vipassanāya
mukhaṃ dassetvā maggaphalappattiyā upāyaṃ karissāmī’’ti pañcadasa pañhe
abhisaṅkharitvā andhavane vasantassa therassa
‘‘ime pañhe satthāraṃ puccheyyāsī’’ti ācikkhitvā gato. So te pañhe bhagavantaṃ
pucchi. Bhagavāpissa byākāsi. Thero satthārā kathitaniyāmeneva te uggaṇhitvā
vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.54.150-177) –
‘‘Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako;
Sabbalokahito vīro, padumuttaranāmako.
‘‘Tadāhaṃ brāhmaṇo hutvā, vissuto vedapāragū;
Divāvihāraṃ vicaraṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, bodhayantaṃ sadevakaṃ;
Vicittakathikānaggaṃ, vaṇṇayantaṃ mahājane.
‘‘Tadā muditacittohaṃ, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
Nānārattehi vatthehi, alaṅkaritvāna maṇḍapaṃ.
‘‘Nānāratanapajjotaṃ, sasaṅghaṃ bhojayiṃ tahiṃ;
Bhojayitvāna sattāhaṃ, nānaggarasabhojanaṃ.
‘‘Nānācittehi pupphehi, pūjayitvā sasāvakaṃ;
Nipacca pādamūlamhi, taṃ ṭhāna patthayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Tadā munivaro āha, karuṇekarasāsayo;
Passathetaṃ dijavaraṃ, padumānanalocanaṃ.
‘‘Pītipāmojjabahulaṃ , samuggatatanūruhaṃ;
Hāsamhitavisālakkhaṃ, mama sāsanalālasaṃ.
‘‘Patitaṃ pādamūle me, ekāvatthasumānasaṃ;
Esa pattheti taṃ ṭhānaṃ, vicittakathikattanaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Kumārakassapo nāma, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Vicittapupphadussānaṃ, ratanānañca vāhasā;
Vicittakathikānaṃ so, aggataṃ pāpuṇissati.
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
‘‘Paribbhamaṃ bhavābhave, raṅgamajjhe yathā naṭo;
Sākhamigatrajo hutvā, migiyā kucchimokkamiṃ.
‘‘Tadā mayi kucchigate, vajjhavāro upaṭṭhito;
Sākhena cattā me mātā, nigrodhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā.
‘‘Tena sā migarājena, maraṇā parimocitā;
Pariccajitvā sapāṇaṃ, mamevaṃ ovadī tadā.
‘‘Nigrodhameva seveyya, na sākhamupasaṃvase;
Nigrodhasmiṃ mataṃ seyyo, yañce sākhamhi jīvitaṃ.
‘‘Tenānusiṭṭhā migayūthapena, ahañca mātā ca tathetare ca;
Āgamma rammaṃ tusitādhivāsaṃ, gatā pavāsaṃ sagharaṃ yatheva.
‘‘Puno kassapavīrassa, atthamentamhi sāsane;
Āruyha selasikharaṃ, yuñjitvā jinasāsanaṃ.
‘‘Idānāhaṃ rājagahe, jāto seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;
Āpannasattā me mātā, pabbaji anagāriyaṃ.
‘‘Sagabbhaṃ taṃ viditvāna, devadattamupānayuṃ;
So avoca vināsetha, pāpikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ imaṃ.
‘‘Idānipi munindena, jinena anukampitā;
Sukhinī ajanī mayhaṃ, mātā bhikkhunupassaye.
‘‘Taṃ viditvā mahīpālo, kosalo maṃ aposayi;
Kumāraparihānena, nāmenāhañca kassapo.
‘‘Mahākassapamāgamma, ahaṃ kumārakassapo;
Vammikasadisaṃ kāyaṃ, sutvā buddhena desitaṃ.
‘‘Tato cittaṃ vimucci me, anupādāya sabbaso;
Pāyāsiṃ damayitvāhaṃ, etadaggamapāpuṇiṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā cittakathikabhāvena satthārā etadagge ṭhapito attano
paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ratanattayaguṇavibhāvanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –
201.
‘‘Aho buddhā aho dhammā, aho no satthu
sampadā;
Yattha etādisaṃ dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhiti.
202.
‘‘Asaṅkheyyesu kappesu, sakkāyādhigatā ahū;
Tesamayaṃ pacchimako, carimoyaṃ samussayo;
Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi;
Tattha ahoti
acchariyatthe nipāto. Buddhāti
sabbaññubuddhā, gāravavasena bahuvacanaṃ, aho acchariyā sambuddhāti attho. Dhammāti
pariyattidhammena saddhiṃ nava lokuttaradhammā. Aho
no satthu sampadāti amhākaṃ satthu dasabalassa aho sampattiyo. Yatthāti
yasmiṃ satthari brahmacariyavāsena. Etādisaṃ
dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhitīti etādisaṃ evarūpaṃ
suvisuddhajjhānābhiññāparivāraṃ anavasesakilesakkhayāvahaṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ
anuttaraṃ dhammaṃ sāvakopi nāma sacchikarissati, tasmā
evaṃvidhaguṇavisesādhigamahetubhūtā aho acchariyā buddhā bhagavanto, acchariyā
dhammaguṇā, acchariyā amhākaṃ satthu sampattiyoti ratanattayassa guṇādhimuttiṃ
pavedesīti. Dhammasampattikittaneneva hi saṅghasuppaṭipatti kittitā hotīti.
Evaṃ sādhāraṇavasena dassitaṃ dhammassa sacchikiriyaṃ idāni attupanāyikaṃ katvā
dassento ‘‘asaṅkheyyesū’’ti
gāthamāha. Tattha asaṅkheyyesūti
gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattesu mahākappesu. Sakkāyāti
pañcupādānakkhandhā. Te hi paramatthato vijjamānadhammasamūhatāya ‘‘sakkāyā’’ti
vuccanti. Ahūti
nivattanūpāyassa anadhigatattā anapagatā ahesuṃ. Tesamayaṃ
pacchimako carimoyaṃ samussayoti yasmā
ayaṃ sabbapacchimako, tato eva carimo, tasmā jātimaraṇasahito
khandhādipaṭipāṭisaññito saṃsāro idāni
āyatiṃ punabbhavābhāvato punabbhavo
natthi, ayamantimā jātīti attho.
Kumārakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Dhammapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yo have daharo bhikkhūti
āyasmato dhammapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto kenacideva karaṇīyena vanantaṃ upagato
satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso pilakkhaphalamadāsi.
So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde satthari
parinibbute avantiraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammapāloti
laddhanāmo vayappatto takkasilaṃ gantvā sippaṃ uggahetvā paṭinivattento
antarāmagge ekasmiṃ vihāre aññataraṃ theraṃ disvā tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.39.21-25) –
‘‘Vanantare buddhaṃ disvā, atthadassiṃ mahāyasaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, pilakkhassādadiṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ tasmiṃ vihāre dve
sāmaṇere rukkhagge pupphāni ocinante ārūḷhasākhāya bhaggāya patante disvā thero
iddhānubhāvena hatthena gahetvā arogeyeva bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ sāmaṇerānaṃ
dhammaṃ desento –
203.
‘‘Yo have daharo bhikkhu, yuñjati buddhasāsane;
Jāgaro sa hi suttesu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ.
204.
‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;
Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. – imā dve gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha yoti
aniyamavacanaṃ. Haveti
daḷhatthe nipāto. Daharoti
taruṇo. Bhikkhatīti bhikkhu.
Yuñjatīti ghaṭati vāyamati. Jāgaroti jāgaraṇadhammasamannāgato. Suttesūti
supantesu. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yo
bhikkhu daharova samāno taruṇo ‘‘tathāhaṃ pacchā vuḍḍhakāle jānissāmī’’ti
acintetvā buddhānaṃ sāsane appamādapaṭipattiyaṃ yuñjati samathavipassanābhāvanāya
yogaṃ karoti, so suttesu avijjāniddāya
suttesu pamattesu saddhādijāgaradhammasamannāgamena jāgaro, tato
eva attahitaparahitapāripūriyā amoghaṃ avañjhaṃ tassa
jīvitaṃ, yasmā ca etadevaṃ, tasmā
saddhañca ‘‘atthi kammaṃ atthi
kammavipāko’’tiādinayappavattaṃ kammaphalasaddhañca, saddhūpanibandhattā sīlassa
tadupanissayaṃ catupārisuddhisīlañca,
‘‘sammāsambuddho bhagavā, svākhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’’ti evaṃ
pavattaratanattayappasādañca ,
vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pariññādivasena catusaccadhammadassanañca medhāvī dhammojapaññāya
samannāgato bhikkhu buddhānaṃ
sāsanaṃ ovādaṃ anusiṭṭhiṃ anussaranto ādittampi attano sīsaṃ
ajjhupekkhitvā anuyuñjetha, tattha
anuyogaṃ ātappaṃ kareyyāti attho.
Dhammapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Brahmālittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kassindriyāni samathaṅgatānīti
āyasmato brahmālittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato
kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ
disvā pasannamānaso vanditvā pādaphalaṃ adāsi. Satthā anumodanaṃ vatvā pakkāmi.
So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe
brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brahmālīti
laddhanāmo viññutaṃ patto hetusampattiyā codiyamāno saṃsāre sañjātasaṃvego
tādisena kalyāṇamittasannissayena buddhasāsane pabbajitvā patirūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ
gahetvā araññe viharanto ñāṇassa paripākagatattā nacirasseva vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.51.63-67) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, pādaphalaṃ adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā
maggasukhena phalasukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ padhānapariggāhakena therena
tasmiṃ araññāyatane bhikkhū uddissa vuttaṃ padhānānuyogaṃ pariggaṇhanto –
205.
‘‘Kassindriyāni samathaṅgatāni, assā yathā
sārathinā sudantā;
Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi kassa pihayanti tādino.
206.
‘‘Mayhindriyāni samathaṅgatāni, assā yathā sārathinā sudantā;
Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi mayhaṃ pihayanti tādino’’ti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tassattho – imasmiṃ araññāyatane vasantesu bhikkhūsu kassa bhikkhuno
therassa vā navassa vā majjhimassa vā chekena sārathinā
sudantā assā viya manacchaṭṭhāni indriyāni
samathaṃ dantabhāvaṃ nibbisevanabhāvaṃ gatāni.
Kassa navavidhampi mānaṃ pahāya ṭhitattā pahīnamānassa catunnampi
āsavānaṃ abhāvena anāsavassa iṭṭhādīsu
tādilakkhaṇappattiyā tādino
devāpi pihayanti manussāpi sammāpaṭipattidassanādinā ca
ādarena patthentīti.
Tattha ca gāthāyaṃ purimaḍḍhena anāgāmimaggādhigamo puṭṭho, anāgāminopi hi
indriyāni pahīnakāmarāgabyāpādatāya samathaṃ nibbisevanataṃ gatāni honti.
Itarena arahattamaggapaṭilābho, arahā hi ‘‘pahīnamāno anāsavo tādī’’ti ca
vuccati.
Athāyasmā brahmāli padhānapariggāhakena vuttaṃ ‘‘kassindriyānī’’ti
gāthaṃ paccanubhāsi. Tadatthaṃ attūpanāyikavasena vissajjento ‘‘mayhindriyānī’’tiādikāya
dutiyagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi, tattha mayhindriyānīti
mama cakkhādīni indriyāni. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
Brahmālittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Mogharājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Chavipāpakacittabhaddakāti
āyasmato mogharājattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ
satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ
bhikkhuṃ lūkhacīvaradharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ
ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto atthadassissa
bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato
brāhmaṇamāṇave vijjāsippāni sikkhāpento ekadivasaṃ atthadassiṃ bhagavantaṃ
bhikkhusaṅghaparivutaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā
pasannamānaso pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā sirasi añjaliṃ katvā ‘‘yāvatā rūpino
sattā’’tiādinā chahi gāthāhi abhitthavitvā bhājanaṃ pūretvā madhuṃ upanāmesi.
Satthā madhuṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ akāsi.
So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle
kaṭṭhavāhanassa nāma rañño amacco hutvā tena satthu ānayanatthaṃ purisasahassena
pesito satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ katvā tato cuto ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ
sugatīsuyeva parivattento imasmiṃ buddhuppāde brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā mogharājāti
laddhanāmo bāvarībrāhmaṇassa santike uggahitasippo saṃvegajāto tāpasapabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā tāpasasahassaparivāro ajitādīhi saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ pesito tesaṃ
pannarasamo hutvā pañhe pucchitvā pañhavissajjanapariyosāne arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.4.64-83) –
‘‘Atthadassī tu bhagavā, sayambhū aparājito;
Bhikkhusaṅghaparibyūḷho, rathiyaṃ paṭipajjatha.
‘‘Sissehi samparivuto, gharamhā abhinikkhamiṃ;
Nikkhamitvānahaṃ tattha, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Abhivādiya sambuddhaṃ, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;
Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, santhaviṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā rūpino sattā, arūpī vā asaññino;
Sabbe te tava ñāṇamhi, anto honti samogadhā.
‘‘Sukhumacchikajālena, udakaṃ yo parikkhipe;
Ye keci udake pāṇā, antojāle bhavanti te.
‘‘Yesañca cetanā atthi, rūpino ca arūpino;
Sabbe te tava ñāṇamhi, anto honti samogadhā.
‘‘Samuddharasimaṃ lokaṃ, andhakārasamākulaṃ;
Tava dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, kaṅkhāsotaṃ taranti te.
‘‘Avijjānivute loke, andhakārena otthaṭe;
Tava ñāṇamhi jotante, andhakārā padhaṃsitā.
‘‘Tuvaṃ cakkhūsi sabbesaṃ, mahātamapanūdano;
Tava dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, nibbāyati bahujjano.
‘‘Puṭakaṃ pūrayitvāna, madhukhuddamaneḷakaṃ;
Ubho hatthehi paggayha, upanesiṃ mahesino.
‘‘Paṭiggaṇhi mahāvīro, sahatthena mahā isi;
Bhuñjitvā tañca sabbaññū, vehāsaṃ nabhamuggami.
‘‘Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, atthadassī narāsabho;
Mama cittaṃ pasādento, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yenidaṃ thavitaṃ ñāṇaṃ, buddhaseṭṭho ca thomito;
Tena cittappasādena, duggatiṃ so na gacchati.
‘‘Catuddasañca khattuṃ so, devarajjaṃ karissati;
Pathabyā rajjaṃ aṭṭhasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.
‘‘Pañceva satakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
Padesarajjaṃ asaṅkheyyaṃ, mahiyā kārayissati.
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Gotamassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajissati.
‘‘Gambhīraṃ nipuṇaṃ atthaṃ, ñāṇena
vicinissati;
Mogharājāti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Tīhi vijjāhi sampannaṃ, katakiccamanāsavaṃ;
Gotamo satthavāhaggo, etadagge ṭhapessati.
‘‘Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, chetvāna bhavabandhanaṃ;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthalūkhaṃ suttalūkhaṃ rajanalūkhanti visesena
tividhenapi lūkhena samannāgataṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhāresi. Tena naṃ satthā
lūkhacīvaradharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Aparabhāge purimakammappaccayā
parihārassa akaraṇato therassa sarīre daddupīḷakādīni uppajjitvā vaḍḍhiṃsu. So
‘‘senāsanaṃ dussatī’’ti hemantepi magadhakkhettesu palālasanthārāni attharitvā
seti. Taṃ ekadivasaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ satthā
paṭisanthāravasena ‘‘chavipāpakā’’tiādinā paṭhamagāthāya
pucchi.
207.
Tattha chavipāpakāti
daddukacchupīḷakāhi bhinnacchavibhāvato hīnacchavika duṭṭhacchavika . Cittabhaddakāti
anavasesakilesappahānena brahmavihārasevanāya ca bhaddacitta sundaracitta. Mogharājāti
tassa ālapanaṃ. Satataṃ
samāhitoti aggaphalasamādhinā niccakālaṃ abhiṇhaṃ samāhitamānaso. Hemantikasītakālarattiyoti
hemantasamaye sītakālarattiyo. Accantasaṃyoge cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. ‘‘Hemantikā
sītakālarattiyo’’tipi pāḷi. Tattha hemantikāti
hemantogadhā hemantapariyāpannāti attho. Bhikkhu
tvaṃ sīti bhikkhu ko tvaṃ asi, evaṃbhūto paresu tava senāsanaṃ katvā
adentesu saṅghikañca senāsanaṃ apavisanto. Kathaṃ
karissasīti yathāvutte sītakāle kathaṃ attabhāvaṃ pavattesīti satthā
pucchi. Evaṃ pana puṭṭho thero satthu tamatthaṃ kathento –
208.
‘‘Sampannasassā magadhā, kevalā iti me sutaṃ;
Palālacchannako seyyaṃ, yathaññe sukhajīvino’’ti. – gāthamāha;
Tattha sampannasassāti
nipphannasassā. Magadhāti
magadharaṭṭhaṃ vadati. Magadhā nāma jānapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso ekopi
janapado ruḷhīvasena ‘‘magadhā’’tveva bahuvacanena vuccati. Kevalāti
anavasesā. Iti me sutanti
evaṃ mayā sutaṃ. Tattha yo adiṭṭho padeso, tassa vasena sutanti vuttaṃ. Tena
edise kāle magadhesu yattha katthaci mayā vasituṃ sakkāti dasseti. Palālacchannako
seyyaṃ, yathaññe sukhajīvinoti yathā aññe sukhajīvino bhikkhū
senāsanasappāyaṃ laddhā sundarehi attharaṇapāvuraṇehi sukhena sayanti, evaṃ
ahampi palālasanthārameva heṭṭhā santharitvā upari tiriyañca palālacchadaneneva
chāditasarīratāya palālacchannako seyyaṃ sayiṃ, seyyaṃ kappesinti attano
yathālābhasantosaṃ vibhāveti.
Mogharājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Visākhapañcālaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Naukkhipe
no ca parikkhipe pareti āyasmato visākhassa pañcālaputtassa gāthā. Kā
uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ
puññaṃ upacinanto ito cuddase kappe paccantagāme daliddakule nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ phalapariyesanaṃ carantehi tasmiṃ gāme manussehi
saddhiṃ araññaṃ gato tattha ekaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ disvā pasannamānaso valliphalaṃ
adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
magadharaṭṭhe maṇḍalikarājakule nibbattitvā visākhoti
laddhanāmo pañcālarājadhītuyā puttabhāvato pacchā pañcālaputtoti
paññāyittha. So pitari mate rajjaṃ kārento satthari attano gāmasamīpagate satthu
santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā satthārā saddhiṃ sāvatthiṃ gato vipassanaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.39.31-36) –
‘‘Sabbe janā samāgamma, agamiṃsu vanaṃ tadā;
Phalamanvesamānā te, alabhiṃsu phalaṃ tadā.
‘‘Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, valliphalamadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Catuddase ito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā thero ñātīnaṃ anukampāya jātibhūmiṃ agamāsi. Tattha
manussā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā kālena kālaṃ dhammaṃ suṇantā ekadivasaṃ ‘‘katihi nu
kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato dhammakathiko hotī’’ti dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ
pucchiṃsu. Thero tesaṃ dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ kathento –
209.
‘‘Na ukkhipe no ca parikkhipe pare, na okkhipe pāragataṃ na eraye;
Na cattavaṇṇaṃ parisāsu byāhare, anuddhato sammitabhāṇi subbato.
210.
‘‘Susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā, matikusalena nivātavuttinā;
Saṃsevitabuddhasīlinā, nibbānaṃ na hi tena dullabha’’nti. –
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
Tattha na ukkhipeti
attānaṃ na ukkhipeyya, jātiādīhi bāhusaccādīhi ca attukkaṃsanaṃ na kareyya. No
ca parikkhipe pareti pare parapuggale teheva jātiādīhi no parikkhipe
paricchinditvā na khipeyya
guṇaparidhaṃsanavasena vā na khipeyya. Na
okkhipe pare iccevaṃ sambandho. Pare ojjhāpanavasena na
okkhipe heṭṭhato katvā pare na olokāpeyya, na ojjhāpeyyāti
attho. ‘‘Na ukkhipe’’ti keci paṭhanti, so evattho. Pāragatanti saṃsārapāraṃ
viya vijjāya pāraṃ gataṃ khīṇāsavaṃ tevijjaṃ chaḷabhiññaṃ vā na
eraye na ghaṭṭaye na āsādeyya. Na
cattavaṇṇaṃ parisāsu byāhareti attano vaṇṇaṃ guṇaṃ lābhasakkārasilokaṃ
nikāmayamāno khattiyaparisādīsu na bhāseyya. Anuddhatoti
uddhaccarahito. Uddhatassa hi vacanaṃ nādiyanti. Sammitabhāṇīti
sammadeva mitabhāṇī, kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasañhitameva vācaṃ
bhāsanasīloti attho. Ito aññathā vadantassa vacanaṃ agahaṇīyaṃ hoti. Subbatoti
sundaravato sīlasampanno. ‘‘Siyā’’ti kiriyāpadaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ.
Evaṃ thero saṅkhepeneva dhammakathikalakkhaṇaṃ vatvā tesaṃ guṇānaṃ attani
labbhamānataṃ adhimuccitvā bhiyyosomattāya abhippasannaṃ mahājanaṃ ñatvā
‘‘evaṃvidhassa dhammakathikassa vimuttāyatanasannissitassa na nibbānaṃ
dullabhaṃ, atha kho sulabhamevā’’ti dassento ‘‘susukhumanipuṇatthadassinā’’ti
dutiyagāthamāha. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Visākhapañcālaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Cūḷakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nadanti morā susikhā supekhuṇāti
āyasmato cūḷakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe
sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ
disvā pasannamānaso chattapaṇṇiphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā cūḷakoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto dhanapāladamane satthari laddhappasādo
pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto indasālaguhāyaṃ vasati, so ekadivasaṃ guhādvāre
nisinno magadhakkhettaṃ olokesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe pāvusakālamegho
gambhīramadhuranigghoso satapaṭalasahassapaṭalo añjana sikharasannikāso
nabhaṃ pūretvā pavassati, mayūrasaṅghā ca meghagajjitaṃ sutvā haṭṭhatuṭṭhā
kekāsaddaṃ muñcitvā tattha tattha padese naccantā vicaranti. Therassapi
āvāsagabbhe meghavātaphassehi apagatadhammattā passaddhakarajakāye kallataṃ
patte utusappāyalābhena cittaṃ ekaggaṃ ahosi, kammaṭṭhānavīthiṃ otari, so taṃ
ñatvā kālasampadādikittanamukhena attānaṃ bhāvanāya ussāhento –
211.
‘‘Nadanti morā susikhā supekhuṇā, sunīlagīvā
sumukhā sugajjino;
Susaddalā cāpi mahāmahī ayaṃ, subyāpitambu suvalāhakaṃ nabhaṃ.
212.
‘‘Sukallarūpo sumanassa jhāyataṃ, sunikkamo sādhu subuddhasāsane;
Susukkasukkaṃ nipuṇaṃ sududdasaṃ, phusāhi taṃ uttamamaccutaṃ pada’’nti. –
Dve gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha nadanti morā
susikhā supekhuṇā, sunīlagīvā sumukhā sugajjinoti ete matthake uṭṭhitāhi
sundarāhi sikhāhi samannāgatattā susikhā, nānāvaṇṇehi
anekehi sobhanehi bhaddakapiñchehi samannāgatattā supekhuṇā, rājīvavaṇṇasaṅkāsāya
sundarāya nīlavaṇṇāya gīvāya samannāgatattā sunīlagīvā, sundaramukhatāya sumukhā, manuññavāditāya sugajjino,
morā sikhaṇḍino chajjasaṃvādī kekāsaddaṃ muñcantā nadanti ravanti. Susaddalā
cāpi mahāmahī ayanti ayañca mahāpathavī susaddalā sundaraharitatiṇā. Subyāpitambūti
abhinavavuṭṭhiyā tahaṃ tahaṃ vissandamānasalilatāya suṭṭhu byāpitajalā
vitatajalā. ‘‘Susukkatambū’’tipi pāṭho, suvisuddhajalāti attho. Suvalāhakaṃ
nabhanti idañca nabhaṃ ākāsaṃ nīluppaladalasannibhehi samantato pūretvā
ṭhitehi sundarehi valāhakehi meghehi suvalāhakaṃ.
Sukallarūposumanassa
jhāyatanti idāni utusappāyalābhena suṭṭhu kallarūpo kammaniyasabhāvo
tvaṃ, nīvaraṇehi anajjhārūḷhacittatāya sundaramanassa yogāvacarassa yaṃ
ārammaṇūpanijjhānavasena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānavasena ca jhāyataṃ. Sunikkamo…pe…
accutaṃ padanti evaṃ jhāyanto ca sādhu
subuddhassa sammāsambuddhassa sāsane sundaranikkamo
hutvā suparisuddhasīlatāya susukkaṃ, visuddhasabhāvatāya
sabbassapi saṃkilesassa gocarabhāvānupagamanato sukkaṃ, nipuṇañāṇagocaratāya nipuṇaṃ, paramagambhīratāya sududdasaṃ, paṇītabhāvena
seṭṭhabhāvena ca uttamaṃ, niccasabhāvatāya accutaṃ
padaṃ taṃ nibbānaṃ phusāhi attapaccakkhakaraṇena
sammāpaṭipattiyā sacchikarohīti.
Evaṃ thero attānaṃ ovadantova utusappāyalābhena samāhitacitto vipassanaṃ
ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.39.37-42) –
‘‘Kaṇikāraṃva jalitaṃ, puṇṇamāyeva candimaṃ;
Jalantaṃ dīparukkhaṃva, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Kadaliphalaṃ paggayha, adāsiṃ satthuno
ahaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, vanditvāna apakkamiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā thero attano paṭipattiṃ
paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajāto ‘‘nadanti
morā’’tiādinā tāyeva gāthā paccudāhāsi. Tenassa idameva aññābyākaraṇaṃ
ahosīti.
Cūḷakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Anūpamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Nandamānāgataṃ cittāti
āyasmato anūpamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ padumaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ
piṇḍāya carantaṃ rathiyaṃ disvā pasannamānaso aṅkolapupphehi pūjesi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule
nibbattitvā rūpasampattiyā anūpamoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto upanissayasampannatāya kāme pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanāya
kammaṃ karonto araññe viharati. Tassa cittaṃ bahiddhā rūpādiārammaṇesu
vidhāvati. Kammaṭṭhānaṃ parivaṭṭati. Thero vidhāvantaṃ cittaṃ niggaṇhanto –
213.
‘‘Nandamānāgataṃ cittaṃ, sūlamāropamānakaṃ;
Tena teneva vajasi, yena sūlaṃ kaliṅgaraṃ.
214.
‘‘Tāhaṃ cittakaliṃ brūmi, taṃ brūmi cittadubbhakaṃ;
Satthā te dullabho laddho, mānatthe maṃ niyojayī’’ti. –
Imāhi dvīhi gāthāhi ovadi.
Tattha nandamānāgataṃ
cittāti nandamāna abhinandamāna citta abhinandamānaṃ āgataṃ uppannaṃ . Sūlamāropamānakanti
dukkhuppattiṭṭhānatāya sūlasadisattā sūlaṃ taṃ taṃ bhavaṃ kammakilesehi ettakaṃ
kālaṃ āropiyamānaṃ. Tena
teneva vajasi, yena sūlaṃ kaliṅgaranti yattha yattha sūlasaṅkhātā bhavā
kaliṅgarasaṅkhātā adhikuṭṭanakā kāmaguṇā ca tena teneva, pāpacitta, vajasi, taṃ
tadeva ṭhānaṃ upagacchasi, attano anatthaṃ na sallakkhesi.
Tāhaṃ cittakaliṃ brūmīti taṃ
tasmā pamattabhāvato cittakaliṃ cittakālakaṇṇiṃ ahaṃ kathayāmi. Punapi taṃ
brūmi kathemi cittadubbhakaṃ cittasaṅkhātassa
attano bahūpakārassa santānassa anatthāvahanato cittadubbhiṃ.
‘‘Cittadubbhagā’’tipi paṭhanti. Cittasaṅkhātaalakkhikaappapuññāti attho. Kinti
brūhīti ce? Āha ‘‘satthā
te dullabho laddho, mānatthe maṃ niyojayī’’ti. Kappānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyampi
nāma buddhasuñño loko hoti, satthari uppannepi manussattasaddhāpaṭilābhādayo
dullabhā eva, laddhesu ca tesu satthāpi dullabhoyeva hoti. Evaṃ dullabho satthā
idāni tayā laddho, tasmiṃ laddhe sampatipi anatthe ahite āyatiñca anatthāvahe
dukkhāvahe akusale maṃ mā niyojesīti. Evaṃ thero attano cittaṃ ovadanto eva
vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.37.16-19) –
‘‘Padumo nāma sambuddho, cittakūṭe vasī tadā;
Disvāna taṃ ahaṃ buddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ.
‘‘Aṅkolaṃ pupphitaṃ disvā, ocinitvānahaṃ tadā;
Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, pūjayiṃ padumaṃ jinaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Anūpamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Vajjitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saṃsaraṃdīghamaddhānanti
āyasmato vajjitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito pañcasaṭṭhime kappe ekasmiṃ
paccantagāme nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto vanacarako hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ
upasantaṃ nāma paccekabuddhaṃ pabbataguhāyaṃ
viharantaṃ addasa. So tassa upasamaṃ disvā pasannamānaso campakapupphena pūjaṃ
akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbatto jātadivasato paṭṭhāya mātugāmahatthaṃ gato
rodati. Brahmalokato kira cavitvā idhāgato yasmā mātugāmasamphassaṃ na sahati,
tasmā mātugāmasamphassavajjanato vajjitotveva
nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So vayappatto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tadaheva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.37.27-30) –
‘‘Upasanto ca sambuddho, vasatī pabbatantare;
Ekacampakamādāya, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, paccekamunimuttamaṃ;
Ubho hatthehi paggayha, pūjayiṃ aparājitaṃ.
‘‘Pañcasaṭṭhimhito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā dhammasaṃvegena –
215.
‘‘Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, gatīsu parivattisaṃ;
Apassaṃ ariyasaccāni, andhabhūto puthujjano.
216.
‘‘Tassa me appamattassa, saṃsārā vinaḷīkatā;
Sabbā gatī samucchinnā, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha saṃsaranti
saṃsaranto, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ bhave ādānanikkhepavasena aparāparaṃ sandhāvanto. Dīghamaddhānanti
cirakālaṃ anādimati saṃsāre aparimāṇakālaṃ. Gatīsūti
sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ vasena
sugatiduggatīsu. Parivattisanti
ghaṭīyantaṃ viya paribbhamanto cavanupapajjanavasena aparāparaṃ parivattiṃ.
Tassa pana parivattanassa kāraṇamāha ‘‘apassaṃ
ariyasaccāni, andhabhūto puthujjano’’ti. Dukkhādīni cattāri ariyasaccāni
ñāṇacakkhunā apassanto appaṭivijjhanto, tato eva avijjandhatāya andhabhūto
puthūnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano honto gatīsu parivattisanti yojanā,
tenevāha bhagavā –
‘‘Catunnaṃ , bhikkhave, ariyasaccānaṃ
ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva
tumhākañcā’’ti (mahāva. 287; dī. ni. 2.155; saṃ. ni. 5.1091; netti. 114).
Tassa mayhaṃ
vuttanayena pubbe puthujjanasseva sato idāni satthārā dinnanayena appamattassa appamādapaṭipattiyā
samathavipassanābhāvanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhitassa. Saṃsārā
vinaḷīkatāti saṃsaranti sattā etehīti ‘‘saṃsārā’’ti laddhanāmā
kammakilesā aggamaggena samucchinnattā vigatanaḷā nimmūlā katā. Sabbā
gatī samucchinnāti evaṃ kammakilesavaṭṭānaṃ vinaḷīkatattā nirayādikā
sabbāpi gatiyo sammadeva ucchinnā viddhaṃsitā, tato eva natthi
dāni āyatiṃ punabbhavoti
idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.
Vajjitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Sandhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Assatthe haritobhāseti
āyasmato sandhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato
kāle eko gopālako ahosi. So satthari parinibbute aññataraṃ theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tassa
santike buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso ‘‘kuhiṃ bhagavā’’ti
pucchitvā parinibbutabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘evaṃ mahānubhāvā buddhāpi nāma aniccatāvasaṃ
gacchanti, aho saṅkhārā addhuvā’’ti aniccasaññaṃ paṭilabhi. Taṃ thero
bodhipūjāya ussāhesi. So kālena kālaṃ bodhirukkhasamīpaṃ gantvā vipassanaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā buddhaguṇe anussaranto bodhiṃ vandati. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe ibbhakule nibbattitvā sandhitoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammakathaṃ sutvā saṃvegajāto
pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā nacirasseva
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. So attano pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranto sikhissa bhagavato kāle
bodhivandanaṃ buddhānussatiṃ aniccasaññāpaṭilābhañca anussaritvā tadupanissayena
attano visesādhigamaṃ pakāsento –
217.
‘‘Assatthe haritobhāse, saṃvirūḷhamhi pādape;
Ekaṃ buddhagataṃ saññaṃ, alabhitthaṃ patissato.
218.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
Tassā saññāya vāhasā, patto me āsavakkhayo’’ti. –
Dve gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha assattheti
assatthaṭṭhānīye, yvāyaṃ etarahi amhākaṃ bhagavato bodhirukkho assattho, etassa
ṭhāne tadā sikhissa bhagavato bodhirukkho puṇḍarīko ṭhitoti so
assatthaṭṭhānīyatāya ‘‘assatthe’’ti vuttaṃ. Sattānaṃ assāsajananato vā. Apare
pana ‘‘assattharukkhamūle nisīditvā tadā buddhānussatiyā bhāvitattā thero
‘assatthe’ti avocā’’ti vadanti. Haritobhāseti
haritehi sāramaṇivaṇṇehi obhāsamāne. Saṃvirūḷhamhīti
suṭṭhu virūḷhe suppatiṭṭhite, sughananicitapattapalāsapallavehi
virūḷhasañchanneti ca vadanti. Pādapeti
rukkhe. Ekaṃ
buddhagataṃ saññaṃ, alabhitthaṃ patissatoti buddhārammaṇaṃ ārammaṇassa
ekajātiyattā ekaṃ ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinayappavattaṃ buddhānussatisahagataṃ
saññaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ patipatisaraṇato patissato hutvā alabhiṃ.
Kadā pana sā saññā laddhā, kīvatāya siddhāti āha ‘‘ekatiṃse
ito kappe’’tiādi. Ito bhaddakappato uddhaṃ ārohanavasena ekatiṃse kappe. Yaṃ
saññanti yaṃ buddhānussatisahagataṃ saññaṃ, yaṃ vā buddhānaṃ aniccataṃ
disvā tadanusārena sabbāsaṅkhāresu tadā aniccasaññaṃ alabhiṃ. Tassā
saññāya vāhasāti tassā yathāvuttāya saññāya kāraṇabhāvena taṃ upanissayaṃ
katvā. Patto me
āsavakkhayoti idāni mayā āsavānaṃ
khayo nirodho adhigatoti imāyeva ca imassa therassa apadānagāthāpi. Yathāha
(apa. thera 1.22.27-30) –
‘‘Assatthe haritobhāse…pe… patto me āsavakkhayo.
‘‘Ito terasakappamhi, dhaniṭṭho nāma khattiyo;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Sandhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Pañcamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Niṭṭhitā ca dukanipātavaṇṇanā.
3. Tikanipāto
1. Aṅgaṇikabhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Tikanipāte ayoni
suddhimanvesanti āyasmato aṅgaṇikabhāradvājattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti?
Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ
upacinanto ito ekatiṃse kappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā
viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso
pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ paggaṇhi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde himavantasamīpe ukkaṭṭhe nāma nagare
vibhavasampannassa brāhmaṇassa gehe nibbattitvā aṅgaṇikabhāradvājoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato nekkhammajjhāsayatāya
paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā amaraṃ tapaṃ caranto tattha tattha vicaranto
sammāsambuddhaṃ janapadacārikaṃ carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso satthu santike
dhammaṃ sutvā taṃ micchātapaṃ pahāya sāsane pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ
karonto nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.23.48-51) –
‘‘Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ, vessabhuṃ vijitāvinaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhamavandahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, vandanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Catuvīsatikappamhi, vikatānandanāmako;
Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ñātīnaṃ anukampāya attano
jātibhūmiṃ gantvā bahū ñātake saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpetvā tato
nivattitvā kururaṭṭhe kuṇḍiyassa nāma
nigamassa avidūre araññe vasanto kenacideva
karaṇīyena uggārāmaṃ gato uttarāpathato āgatehi sandiṭṭhehi brāhmaṇehi samāgato
tehi, ‘‘bho bhāradvāja, kiṃ disvā brāhmaṇānaṃ samayaṃ pahāya imaṃ samayaṃ
gaṇhī’’ti pucchito tesaṃ ito buddhasāsanato bahiddhā suddhi natthīti dassento –
219.
‘‘Ayoni suddhimanvesaṃ, aggiṃ paricariṃ vane;
Suddhimaggaṃ ajānanto, akāsiṃ amaraṃ tapa’’nti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;
Tattha ayonīti
ayoniso anupāyena. Suddhinti
saṃsārasuddhiṃ bhavanissaraṇaṃ. Anvesanti
gavesanto. Aggiṃ
paricariṃ vaneti ‘‘ayaṃ suddhimaggo’’ti adhippāyena araññāyatane
aggihutasālāyaṃ agyāgāraṃ katvā āhutiṃ paggaṇhanto aggidevaṃ paricariṃ vede
vuttavidhinā pūjesiṃ. Suddhimaggaṃ
ajānanto, akāsiṃ amaraṃ tapanti suddhiyā nibbānassa maggaṃ ajānanto
aggiparicaraṇaṃ viya pañcatapatappanādiattakilamathānuyogaṃ ‘‘suddhimaggo’’ti
maññāya akāsiṃ acariṃ paṭipajjiṃ.
Evaṃ thero assamato assamaṃ gacchanto viya vede vuttavidhinā aggiparicaraṇādinā
anuṭṭhāya suddhiyā appattabhāvena bahiddhā suddhiyā abhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni
imasmiṃyeva sāsane suddhi ca mayā adhigatāti dassento –
220.
‘‘Taṃ sukhena sukhaṃ laddhaṃ, passa dhammasudhammataṃ;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – dutiyagāthamāha;
Tattha tanti
yassatthāya suddhiṃ anvesanto tassa maggaṃ ajānanto aggiṃ paricariṃ amaraṃ tapaṃ
acariṃ, taṃ nibbānasukhaṃ sukhena samathavipassanāya
sukhāya paṭipadāya attakilamathānuyogaṃ anupagamma mayā laddhaṃ pattaṃ
adhigataṃ. Passa
dhammasudhammatanti satthu sāsanadhammassa sudhammataṃ
aviparītaniyyānikadhammasabhāvaṃ passa
jānāhīti dhammālapanavasena vadati, attānaṃ vā ālapati. Tassa laddhabhāvaṃ pana
dassento –
‘‘Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ
buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –
Āha , taṃ vuttatthameva. Evaṃ suddhiyā
adhigatattā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāyāhaṃ paramatthato brāhmaṇo’’ti dassento –
221.
‘‘Brahmabandhu pure āsiṃ, idāni khomhi
brāhmaṇo;
Tevijjo nhātakocamhi, sottiyo camhi vedagū’’ti. – tatiyaṃ gāthamāha;
Tassattho – ito pubbe jātimattena brāhmaṇabhāvato brāhmaṇānaṃ samaññāya brahmabandhu nāma āsiṃ.
Bāhitapāpattā pana idāni
kho arahattādhigamena paramatthato brāhmaṇo
ca amhi. Ito pubbe bhavasañcayakarānaṃ tissannaṃ vedasaṅkhātānaṃ vijjānaṃ
ajjhayanena samaññāmattena tevijjo nāma hutvā idāni bhavakkhayakarāya vijjāya
vasena tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ adhigatattā paramatthato tevijjo
ca amhi. Tathā ito pubbe bhavassādagadhitāya nhātakavatanipphattiyā
samaññāmattena nhātako nāma hutvā idāni aṭṭhaṅgikamaggajalena
suvikkhālitakilesamalatāya paramatthato nhātako
camhi. Ito pubbe avimuttabhavassādamantajjhānena vohāramattato sottiyo
nāma hutvā idāni suvimuttabhavassādadhammajjhānena paramatthato sottiyo
camhi. Ito pubbe appaṭinissaṭṭhapāpadhammānaṃ vedānaṃ gatamattena vedagū
nāma hutvā idāni vedasaṅkhātena maggañāṇena saṃsāramahoghassa vedassa
catusaccassa ca pāraṃ gatattā adhigatattā ñātattā paramatthato vedagū jātoti.
Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇā sāsane uḷāraṃ pasādaṃ pavedesuṃ.
Aṅgaṇikabhāradvājattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
2. Paccayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pañcāhāhaṃpabbajitoti
āyasmato paccayattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassissa bhagavato
kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ vinatāya nāma
nadiyā tīre gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso manuññadassanāni mahantāni
udumbaraphalāni ocinitvā upanāmesi. So tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ bhaddakappe kassape bhagavati loke uppajjitvā pavattavaradhammacakke
veneyyajanānuggahaṃ karonte tassa sāsane pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā
bhāvanamanuyuñjanto ekadivasaṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ cintetvā
Ativiya sañjātasaṃvego vihāre nisinno
‘‘arahattaṃ appatvā ito na nikkhamissāmī’’ti cittaṃ
adhiṭṭhāya vāyamanto ñāṇassa aparipakkattā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetuṃ nāsakkhi. So
kālaṅkatvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rohitanagare
khattiyakule nibbattitvā paccayoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto pitu accayena rajje patiṭṭhito ekadivasaṃ mahārājabaliṃ
kātuṃ ārabhi. Tattha mahājano sannipati. Tasmiṃ samāgame tassa
pasādañjananatthaṃ satthā mahājanassa pekkhantasseva ākāse vessavaṇena nimmite
ratanamayakūṭāgāre ratanamayasīhāsane nisīditvā dhammaṃ desesi. Mahato
janakāyassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā paccayarājāpi rajjaṃ pahāya
purimahetusañcodito pabbaji. So yathā kassapassa bhagavato kāle paṭiññaṃ akāsi,
evaṃ paṭiññaṃ katvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento ñāṇassa paripākaṃ
gatattā tāvadeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.39.15-20) –
‘‘Vinatānadiyā tīre, vihāsi purisuttamo;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannamānaso, kilesamaladhovane;
Udumbaraphalaṃ gayha, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, saṃviggamānamānaso;
Kassapassa bhagavato, sāsane pabbajiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Tathā pabbajito santo, bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjisaṃ;
Na vihārā nikkhamissaṃ, iti katvāna mānasaṃ.
‘‘Uttamatthaṃ asampatto, na ca pattomhi tāvade;
Idāni pana ñāṇassa, paripākena nibbuto;
Pattomhi acalaṃ ṭhānaṃ, phusitvā accutaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattikittanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –
222.
‘‘Pañcāhāhaṃ pabbajito, sekho appattamānaso;
Vihāraṃ me paviṭṭhassa, cetaso paṇidhī ahu.
223.
‘‘Nāsissaṃ na pivissāmi, vihārato na nikkhame;
Napi passaṃ nipātessaṃ, taṇhāsalle anūhate.
224.
‘‘Tassa mevaṃ viharato, passa vīriyaparakkamaṃ;
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –
Imā tisso gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha pañcāhāhaṃ
pabbajitoti pañcāho ahaṃ, pabbajito hutvā pañcāho, pabbajitadivasato
pañcamo aho niṭṭhitoti attho. Sekho
appattamānasoti adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ sikkhanato sekho. Anavasesato mānaṃ
siyati samucchindatīti mānaso, aggamaggo, taṃnibbattito mānasato āgataṃ mānasaṃ,
arahattaṃ, taṃ, so vā appatto etenāti
appattamānaso. Vihāraṃ
me paviṭṭhassa, cetaso paṇidhī ahūti evaṃ sekhassa me vasanakavihāraṃ
ovarakaṃ paviṭṭhassa sato evarūpo idāni vuccamānākāro cetopaṇidhi ahosi, evaṃ
mayā cittaṃ paṇihitanti attho.
Nāsissantiādinā cittapaṇidhiṃ
dasseti. Tattha nāsissanti
yaṃkiñci bhojanaṃ na bhuñjissaṃ na bhuñjissāmi taṇhāsalle mama
hadayagate anūhate anuddhateti
evaṃ sabbapadesu yojetabbaṃ. Na
pivissāmīti yaṃkiñci pātabbaṃ na pivissāmi. Vihārato
na nikkhameti imasmā idāni mayā nisinnagabbhato na nikkhameyyaṃ. Napi
passaṃ nipātessanti mama sarīrassa dvīsu passesu ekampi passaṃ
kāyakilamathavinodanatthaṃ na nipātessaṃ, ekapassenapi na nipajjissāmīti attho.
Tassa mevaṃ viharatoti tassa
me evaṃ cittaṃ paṇidhāya daḷhavīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā vipassanānuyogavasena
viharato. Passa
vīriyaparakkamanti vidhinā īrayitabbato ‘‘vīriyaṃ’’ paraṃ ṭhānaṃ
akkamanato ‘‘parakkamo’’ti ca laddhanāmaṃ ussoḷhībhūtaṃ vāyāmaṃ passa jānāhi.
Yassa panānubhāvena mayā tisso
vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsananti vuttatthameva.
Paccayattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
3. Bākulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yopubbe
karaṇīyānīti āyasmato bākulattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira
atīte ito kappasatasahassādhikassa asaṅkhyeyyassa matthake anomadassissa
bhagavato uppattito puretarameva brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tayo vede
uggahetvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto ‘‘samparāyikatthaṃ gavesissāmī’’ti isipabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā pabbatapāde viharanto pañcābhiññāaṭṭhasamāpattilābhī hutvā viharanto
buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhito
satthu udarābādhe uppanne araññato bhesajjāni āharitvā taṃ vūpasametvā tattha
puññaṃ ārogyatthāya pariṇāmetvā tato cuto brahmaloke nibbattitvā ekaṃ
asaṅkhyeyyaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare
kulagehe nibbatto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ appābādhānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ
disvā sayaṃ taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ
upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato nibbattito puretarameva
bandhumatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatto purimanayeneva isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
jhānābhiññālābhī hutvā pabbatapāde vasanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ
gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhito
bhikkhūnaṃ tiṇapupphakaroge uppanne taṃ vūpasametvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā
tato cuto brahmaloke nibbattitvā ekanavutikappe devamanussesu saṃsaranto
kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto
ekaṃ jiṇṇaṃ vinassamānaṃ mahāvihāraṃ disvā tattha uposathāgārādikaṃ sabbaṃ
āvasathaṃ kāretvā tattha bhikkhusaṅghassa sabbaṃ bhesajjaṃ paṭiyādetvā yāvajīvaṃ
kusalaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato
uppattito puretarameva kosambiyaṃ seṭṭhigehe nibbatti. So arogabhāvāya
mahāyamunāya nhāpiyamāno dhātiyā hatthato macchena gilito macche
kevaṭṭahatthagate bārāṇasiseṭṭhibhariyāya vikkiṇitvā gahite phāliyamānepi
puññabalena arogoyeva hutvā tāya puttoti gahetvā posiyamāno taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā
janakehi mātāpitūhi ‘‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ putto, detha no putta’’nti anuyoge kate raññā
‘‘ubhayesampi sādhāraṇo hotū’’ti dvinnaṃ kulānaṃ dāyādabhāvena vinicchayaṃ katvā
ṭhapitattā bākuloti
laddhanāmo vayappatto hutvā mahatiṃ sampattiṃ anubhavanto āsītiko hutvā satthu
santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā sattāhameva puthujjano ahosi,
aṭṭhame aruṇe saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.40.386-411) –
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre ,
sobhito nāma pabbato;
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, sakasissehi māpito.
‘‘Maṇḍapā ca bahū tattha, pupphitā sindhuvārakā;
Kapitthā ca bahū tattha, pupphitā jīvajīvakā.
‘‘Nigguṇḍiyo bahū tattha, badarāmalakāni ca;
Phārusakā alābū ca, puṇḍarīkā ca pupphitā.
‘‘Āḷakā beluvā tattha, kadalī mātuluṅgakā;
Mahānāmā bahū tattha, ajjunā ca piyaṅgukā.
‘‘Kosambā saḷalā nimbā, nigrodhā ca kapitthanā;
Ediso assamo mayhaṃ, sasissohaṃ tahiṃ vasiṃ.
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
Gavesaṃ paṭisallānaṃ, mamassamamupāgami.
‘‘Upetamhi mahāvīre, anomadassimahāyase;
Khaṇena lokanāthassa, vātābādho samuṭṭhahi.
‘‘Vicaranto araññamhi, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, cakkhumantaṃ mahāyasaṃ.
‘‘Iriyañcāpi disvāna, upalakkhesahaṃ tadā;
Asaṃsayañhi buddhassa, byādhi no udapajjatha.
‘‘Khippaṃ assamamāgañchiṃ, mama sissāna santike;
Bhesajjaṃ kattukāmohaṃ, sisse āmantayiṃ tadā.
‘‘Paṭissuṇitvāna me vākyaṃ, sissā sabbe sagāravā;
Ekajjhaṃ sannipatiṃsu, satthugāravatā mama.
‘‘Khippaṃ pabbatamāruyha, sabbosadhamahāsahaṃ;
Pānīyayogaṃ katvāna, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Paribhutte mahāvīre, sabbaññulokanāyake;
Khippaṃ vāto vūpasami, sugatassa mahesino.
‘‘Passaddhaṃ darathaṃ disvā, anomadassī
mahāyaso;
Sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
‘‘Yo me pādāsi bhesajjaṃ, byādhiñca samayī mama;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Kappasatasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;
Vādite tūriye tattha, modissati sadā ayaṃ.
‘‘Manussalokamāgantvā , sukkamūlena codito;
Sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
‘‘Pañcapaññāsakappamhi, anomo nāma khattiyo;
Cāturanto vijitāvī, jambumaṇḍassa issaro.
‘‘Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo;
Tāvatiṃsepi khobhetvā, issaraṃ kārayissati.
‘‘Devabhūto manusso vā, appābādho bhavissati;
Pariggahaṃ vivajjetvā, byādhiṃ loke tarissati.
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
‘‘Kilese jhāpayitvāna, taṇhāsotaṃ tarissati;
Bākulo nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Idaṃ sabbaṃ abhiññāya, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapessati.
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
Vivekānuvilokento, mamassamamupāgami.
‘‘Upāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, sabbaññuṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Sabbosadhena tappesiṃ, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
‘‘Tassa me sukataṃ kammaṃ, sukhette
bījasampadā;
Khepetuṃ neva sakkomi, tadā hi sukataṃ mama.
‘‘Lābhā mama suladdhaṃ me, yohaṃ addakkhi nāyakaṃ;
Tena kammāvasesena, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Sabbametaṃ abhiññāya, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bhesajjassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ekadivasaṃ satthārā attano sāvake paṭipāṭiyā ṭhānantare
ṭhapentena appābādhānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito so
parinibbānasamaye saṅghamajjhe bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –
225.
‘‘Yo pubbe karaṇīyāni, pacchā so kātumicchati;
Sukhā so dhaṃsate ṭhānā, pacchā ca manutappati.
226.
‘‘Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade, yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade;
Akarontaṃ bhāsamānaṃ, parijānanti paṇḍitā.
227.
‘‘Susukhaṃ vata nibbānaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;
Asokaṃ virajaṃ khemaṃ, yattha dukkhaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti. – gāthāttayamabhāsi;
Tattha yo
pubbe karaṇīyāni, pacchā so kātumicchatīti yo puggalo pubbe puretaraṃ
jarārogādīhi anabhibhūtakāleyeva kātabbāni attano hitasukhāvahāni kammāni
pamādavasena akatvā pacchā so kātabbakālaṃ atikkamitvā kātuṃ icchati. Soti
ca nipātamattaṃ. Tadā pana jarārogādīhi abhibhūtattā kātuṃ na sakkoti, asakkonto
ca sukhā so dhaṃsate
ṭhānā, pacchā ca manutappatīti so puggalo sukhā ṭhānā
saggato nibbānato ca tadupāyassa anuppāditattā parihāyanto ‘‘akataṃ me
kalyāṇa’’ntiādinā (ma. ni. 3.248; netti. 120) pacchā ca anutappati vippaṭisāraṃ
āpajjati. Ma-kāro
padasandhikaro. Ahaṃ pana karaṇīyaṃ katvā eva tumhe evaṃ vadāmīti dassento ‘‘yañhi
kayirā’’ti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha.
Tattha parijānantīti
‘‘ettako aya’’nti paricchijja jānanti na bahuṃ maññantīti attho.
Sammāpaṭipattivasena hi yathāvādī tathākārī eva sobhati, na tato aññathā.
Karaṇīyapariyāyena sādhāraṇato vuttamatthaṃ idāni sarūpato dassetuṃ ‘‘susukhaṃ
vatā’’tiādinā tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho – sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ
buddhattā sammāsambuddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ sabbaso
sokahetūnaṃ abhāvato asokaṃ vigatarāgādirajattā virajaṃ catūhi
yogehi anupaddutattā khemaṃ nibbānaṃ
suṭṭhu sukhaṃ vata, kasmā? Yattha yasmiṃ
nibbāne sakalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ
nirujjhati accantameva vūpasamatīti.
Bākulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
4. Dhaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Sukhañcejīvituṃ
iccheti āyasmato dhaniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannamānaso naḷamālāya pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe kumbhakārakule nibbattitvā dhaniyoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto kumbhakārakammena jīvati. Tena ca samayena satthā
dhaniyassa kumbhakārassa sālāyaṃ nisīditvā pukkusātissa kulaputtassa chadhātuvibhaṅgasuttaṃ (ma.
ni. 3.342 ādayo) desesi. So taṃ sutvā katakicco ahosi. Dhaniyo tassa
parinibbutabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘niyyānikaṃ vata buddhasāsanaṃ, yattha
ekarattiparicayenāpi vaṭṭadukkhato muñcituṃ sakkā’’ti paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā kuṭimaṇḍanānuyutto viharanto
kuṭikaraṇaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā garahito saṅghike senāsane vasanto vipassanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.1-7) –
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
Vipinaggena gacchantaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
‘‘Naḷamālaṃ gahetvāna, nikkhamanto ca tāvade;
Tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ.
‘‘Pasannacitto sumano, naḷamālamapūjayiṃ;
Dakkhiṇeyyaṃ mahāvīraṃ, sabbalokānukampakaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ mālamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā ye bhikkhū dhutaṅgasamādhānena attānaṃ ukkaṃsetvā
saṅghabhattādiṃ sādiyante aññe bhikkhū avajānanti, tesaṃ ovādadānamukhena aññaṃ
byākaronto –
228.
‘‘Sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā;
Saṅghikaṃ nātimaññeyya, cīvaraṃ pānabhojanaṃ.
229.
Sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ
apekkhavā;
Ahi mūsikasobbhaṃva, sevetha sayanāsanaṃ.
230.
Sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā;
Itarītarena tusseyya, ekadhammañca bhāvaye’’ti. – tisso gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha sukhañce
jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavāti sāmaññasmiṃ samaṇabhāve apekkhavā
sikkhāya tibbagāravo hutvā sukhaṃ jīvituṃ iccheyya ce, anesanaṃ pahāya
sāmaññasukhena sace jīvitukāmoti attho . Saṅghikaṃ
nātimaññeyya, cīvaraṃ pānabhojananti saṅghato ābhataṃ cīvaraṃ āhāraṃ na
avamaññeyya, saṅghassa uppajjanakalābho nāma parisuddhuppādo hotīti taṃ
paribhuñjantassa ājīvapārisuddhisambhavena sāmaññasukhaṃ hatthagatamevāti
adhippāyo. Ahi
mūsikasobbhaṃvāti ahi viya mūsikāya khatabilaṃ sevetha seveyya
senāsanaṃ. Yathā nāma sappo sayamattano āsayaṃ akatvā mūsikāya aññena vā kate
āsaye vasitvā yena kāmaṃ pakkamati, evamevaṃ bhikkhu sayaṃ senāsanakaraṇā
saṃkilesaṃ anāpajjitvā yattha katthaci vasitvā pakkameyyāti attho.
Idāni vutte avutte ca paccaye yathālābhasantoseneva sāmaññasukhaṃ hoti, na
aññathāti dassento āha ‘‘itarītarena
tusseyyā’’ti, yena kenaci hīnena vā paṇītena vā yathāladdhena paccayena
santosaṃ āpajjeyyāti attho. Ekadhammanti
appamādabhāvaṃ, tañhi anuyuñjantassa anavajjaṃ sabbaṃ lokiyasukhaṃ
lokuttarasukhañca hatthagatameva hoti. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘appamatto hi jhāyanto,
pappoti vipulaṃ sukha’’nti (ma. ni. 2.352; dha. pa. 27).
Dhaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. Mātaṅgaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Atisītanti āyasmato
mātaṅgaputtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
himavantasamīpe mahato jātassarassa heṭṭhā mahati nāgabhavane mahānubhāvo
nāgarājā hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ nāgabhavanato nikkhamitvā vicaranto satthāraṃ
ākāsena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano sīsamaṇinā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe
mātaṅgassa nāma kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā
nibbatto mātaṅgaputtotveva
paññāyittha. So viññutaṃ patto alasajātiko hutvā kiñci kammaṃ akaronto ñātakehi
aññehi ca garahito ‘‘sukhajīvino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā’’ti sukhajīvitaṃ
ākaṅkhanto bhikkhūhi kataparicayo hutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā
paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā aññe bhikkhū iddhimante disvā iddhibalaṃ patthetvā
satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjanto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena
vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.48.8-29) –
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
Vivekakāmo sambuddho, gacchate anilañjase.
‘‘Avidūre himavantassa, mahājātassaro ahu;
Tattha me bhavanaṃ āsi, puññakammena saṃyutaṃ.
‘‘Bhavanā abhinikkhamma, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Indīvaraṃva jalitaṃ, ādittaṃva hutāsanaṃ.
‘‘Vicinaṃ naddasaṃ pupphaṃ, pūjayissanti nāyakaṃ;
Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, avandiṃ satthuno ahaṃ.
‘‘Mama sīse maṇiṃ gayha, pūjayiṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Imāya maṇipūjāya, vipāko hotu bhaddako.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Antalikkhe ṭhito satthā, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.
‘‘So te ijjhatu saṅkappo, labhassu vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;
Imāya maṇipūjāya, anubhohi mahāyasaṃ.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna bhagavā, jalajuttamanāmako;
Agamāsi buddhaseṭṭho, yattha cittaṃ paṇīhitaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhikappāni devindo, devarajjamakārayiṃ;
Anekasatakkhattuñca, cakkavattī ahosahaṃ.
‘‘Pubbakammaṃ sarantassa, devabhūtassa me sato;
Maṇi nibbattate mayhaṃ, ālokakaraṇo mamaṃ.
‘‘Chaḷasītisahassāni , nāriyo me pariggahā;
Vicittavatthābharaṇā, āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalā.
‘‘Aḷārapamhā hasulā, susaññā tanumajjhimā;
Parivārenti maṃ niccaṃ, maṇipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Soṇṇamayā maṇimayā, lohitaṅkamayā tathā;
Bhaṇḍā me sukatā honti, yadicchasi piḷandhanā.
‘‘Kūṭāgārā gahā rammā, sayanañca mahārahaṃ;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, nibbattanti yadicchakaṃ.
‘‘Lābhā tesaṃ suladdhañca, ye labhanti upassutiṃ;
Puññakkhettaṃ manussānaṃ, osadhaṃ sabbapāṇinaṃ.
‘‘Mayhampi sukataṃ kammaṃ, yohaṃ adakkhi nāyakaṃ;
Vinipātā pamuttomhi, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonūpapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
Divasañceva rattiñca, āloko hoti me sadā.
‘‘Tāyeva maṇipūjāya, anubhotvāna sampadā;
Ñāṇāloko mayā diṭṭho, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ maṇiṃ abhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, maṇipūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā puggalādhiṭṭhānavasena kosajjaṃ garahanto attano ca
vīriyārambhaṃ kittento –
231.
‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;
Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, khaṇā accenti māṇave.
232.
‘‘Yo ca sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;
Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhā na vihāyati.
233.
‘‘Dabbaṃ kusaṃ poṭakilaṃ, usīraṃ
muñjapabbajaṃ;
Urasā panudissāmi, vivekamanubrūhaya’’nti. – gāthāttayamāha;
Tattha atisītanti
himapātavaddalādinā ativiya sītaṃ, idaṃ
ahūti ānetvā sambandho. Atiuṇhanti
dhammaparitāpādinā ativiya uṇhaṃ, ubhayenapi utuvasena kosajjavatthumāha. Atisāyanti
divasassa pariṇatiyā atisāyaṃ, sāyaggahaṇeneva cettha pātopi saṅgayhati ,
tadubhayena kālavasena kosajjavatthumāha. Itīti
iminā pakārena. Etena ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kattabbaṃ
hotī’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.80; dī. ni. 3.334) vuttaṃ kosajjavatthuṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Vissaṭṭhakammanteti
pariccattayogakammante. Khaṇāti
buddhuppādādayo brahmacariyavāsassa okāsā. Accentīti
atikkamanti. Māṇaveti
satte. Tiṇā bhiyyo na
maññatīti tiṇato upari na maññati, tiṇaṃ viya maññati, sītuṇhāni
abhibhavitvā attanā kattabbaṃ karoti. Karanti
karonto. Purisakiccānīti
vīrapurisena kattabbāni attahitaparahitāni. Sukhāti
sukhato, nibbānasukhatoti adhippāyo. Tatiyagāthāya attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Mātaṅgaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
6. Khujjasobhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ye cittakathī bahussutāti
āyasmato khujjasobhitattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ mahatā
bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso dasahi gāthāhi
abhitthavi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
pāṭaliputtanagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, ‘‘sobhito’’tissa nāmaṃ ahosi.
Thokaṃ khujjadhātukatāya pana khujjasobhitotveva
paññāyittha. So vayappatto satthari parinibbute ānandattherassa santike
pabbajitvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.49-58) –
‘‘Kakudhaṃ vilasantaṃva, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
Rathiyaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Tamandhakāraṃ nāsetvā, santāretvā bahuṃ janaṃ;
Ñāṇālokena jotantaṃ, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Vasīsatasahassehi, nīyantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
Uddharantaṃ bahū satte, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Āhanantaṃ dhammabheriṃ, maddantaṃ titthiye gaṇe;
Sīhanādaṃ vinadantaṃ, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Yāvatā brahmalokato, āgantvāna sabrahmakā;
Pucchanti nipuṇe pañhe, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Yassañjaliṃ karitvāna, āyācanti sadevakā;
Tena puññaṃ anubhonti, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Sabbe janā samāgantvā, sampavārenti
cakkhumaṃ;
Na vikampati ajjhiṭṭho, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Nagaraṃ pavisato yassa, ravanti bheriyo bahū;
Vinadanti gajā mattā, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Vīthiyā gacchato yassa, sabbābhā jotate sadā;
Abbhunnatā samā honti, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Byāharantassa buddhassa, cakkavāḷampi suyyati;
Sabbe satte viññāpeti, ko disvā na pasīdati.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhikittayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, kittanāya idaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle
rājagahe sattapaṇṇiguhāyaṃ sannipatitena saṅghena ‘‘āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ
āmantehī’’ti āṇatto pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā therassa purato uṭṭhahitvā saṅghassa
sāsanaṃ ārocetvā sayaṃ puretaraṃ ākāsena gantvā sattapaṇṇiguhādvāraṃ sampāpuṇi.
Tena ca samayena mārassa mārakāyikānañca paṭisedhanatthaṃ devasaṅghena pesitā
aññatarā devatā sattapaṇṇiguhādvāre ṭhitā hoti, tassā khujjasobhito thero attano
āgamanaṃ kathento –
234.
‘‘Ye cittakathī bahussutā, samaṇā
pāṭaliputtavāsino;
Tesaññataroyamāyuvā, dvāre tiṭṭhati khujjasobhito’’ti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;
Tattha cittakathīti
vicittadhammakathikā, saṅkhipanaṃ, vitthāraṇaṃ gambhīrakaraṇaṃ uttānīkaraṇaṃ
kaṅkhāvinodanaṃ dhammapatiṭṭhāpananti evamādīhi nānānayehi paresaṃ
ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammassa kathanasīlāti attho. Bahussutāti
pariyattipaṭivedhabāhusaccapāripūriyā bahussutā. Sabbaso samitapāpatāya samaṇā.
Pāṭaliputtavāsino, tesaññataroti pāṭaliputtanagaravāsitāya
pāṭaliputtavāsino, tesaṃ aññataro, ayaṃ
āyuvā dīghāyu āyasmā. Dvāre
tiṭṭhatīti sattapaṇṇiguhāya dvāre tiṭṭhati, saṅghassa anumatiyā
pavisitunti attho. Taṃ sutvā sā devatā therassa āgamanaṃ saṅghassa nivedentī –
235.
‘‘Ye cittakathī…pe… dvāre tiṭṭhati
māluterito’’ti. – dutiyaṃ gāthamāha;
Tattha māluteritoti
iddhicittajanitena vāyunā erito, iddhibalena āgatoti attho.
Evaṃ tāya devatāya niveditena saṅghena
katokāso thero saṅghassa santikaṃ gacchanto –
236.
‘‘Suyuddhena suyiṭṭhena, saṅgāmavijayena ca;
Brahmacariyānuciṇṇena, evāyaṃ sukhamedhatī’’ti. –
Imāya tatiyagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi.
Tattha suyuddhenāti
pubbabhāge tadaṅgavikkhambhanappahānavasena kilesehi suṭṭhu yujjhanena. Suyiṭṭhenāti
antarantarā kalyāṇamittehi dinnasappāyadhammadānena. Saṅgāmavijayena
cāti samucchedappahānavasena sabbaso kilesābhisaṅkhāranimmathanena
laddhasaṅgāmavijayena ca. Brahmacariyānuciṇṇenāti
anuciṇṇena aggamaggabrahmacariyena. Evāyaṃ
sukhamedhatīti evaṃ vuttappakārena ayaṃ khujjasobhito nibbānasukhaṃ
phalasamāpattisukhañca edhati, anubhavatīti attho.
Khujjasobhitattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
7. Vāraṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yodha koci manussesūti
āyasmato vāraṇattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro
tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto ito dvānavute kappe tissassa bhagavato
uppattito puretarameva brāhmaṇakule
nibbattitvā brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu pāragū hutvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā
catupaṇṇāsasahassānaṃ antevāsikānaṃ mante vācento vasati. Tena ca samayena
tissassa bhagavato bodhisattabhūtassa tusitā kāyā cavitvā carimabhave
mātukucchiṃ okkamanena mahāpathavikampo ahosi. Taṃ disvā mahājano bhīto saṃviggo
naṃ isiṃ upasaṅkamitvā pathavikampanakāraṇaṃ pucchi. So ‘‘mahābodhisatto
mātukucchiṃ okkami, tenāyaṃ pathavikampo, tasmā mā bhāyathā’’ti buddhuppādassa
pubbanimittabhāvaṃ kathetvā samassāsesi, buddhārammaṇañca pītiṃ paṭivedesi. So
tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule
nibbattitvā vāraṇoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto aññatarassa āraññakassa therassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā
laddhappasādo pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. So ekadivasaṃ buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ
gacchanto antarāmagge ahinakule aññamaññaṃ kalahaṃ katvā kālaṅkate disvā ‘‘ime
sattā aññamaññavirodhena jīvitakkhayaṃ pattā’’ti saṃviggamānaso hutvā bhagavato
santikaṃ gato, tassa bhagavā cittācāraṃ ñatvā tadanurūpameva ovādaṃ dento –
237.
‘‘Yodha koci manussesu, parapāṇāni hiṃsati;
Asmā lokā paramhā ca, ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.
238.
‘‘Yo ca mettena cittena, sabbapāṇānukampati;
Bahuñhi so pasavati, puññaṃ tādisako naro.
239.
‘‘Subhāsitassa sikkhetha, samaṇūpāsanassa ca;
Ekāsanassa ca raho, cittavūpasamassā cā’’ti. – tisso gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha yodha koci
manussesūti idha manussesu yo koci khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo
vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā. Manussaggahaṇañcettha ukkaṭṭhasattanidassananti
daṭṭhabbaṃ. Parapāṇāni
hiṃsatīti parasatte māreti vibādhati ca. Asmā
lokāti idha lokato. Paramhāti
paralokato. Ubhayā
dhaṃsateti ubhayato dhaṃsati, ubhayalokapariyāpannahitasukhato
parihāyatīti attho. Naroti
satto.
Evaṃ parapīḷālakkhaṇaṃ pāpadhammaṃ dassetvā idāni parapīḷānivattilakkhaṇaṃ
kusalaṃ dhammaṃ dassento ‘‘yo
ca mettenā’’tiādinā dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha mettena
cittenāti mettāsampayuttena cittena appanāpattena itarītarena vā. Sabbapāṇānukampatīti
sabbe pāṇe attano orasaputte viya mettāyati. Bahuñhi
so pasavati, puññaṃ tādisako naroti so
tathārūpo mettāvihārī puggalo bahuṃ mahantaṃ anappakaṃ kusalaṃ pasavati
paṭilabhati adhigacchati.
Idāni taṃ sasambhāre samathavipassanādhamme
niyojento ‘‘subhāsitassā’’tiādinā
tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha subhāsitassa
sikkhethāti appicchakathādibhedaṃ subhāsitaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ
savanadhāraṇaparipucchādivasena sikkheyya. Samaṇūpāsanassa
cāti samitapāpānaṃ samaṇānaṃ kalyāṇamittānaṃ upāsakānaṃ kālena kālaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā payirupāsanañceva paṭipattiyā tesaṃ samīpacariyañca sikkheyya. Ekāsanassa
ca raho cittavūpasamassa cāti ekassa asahāyassa kāyavivekaṃ
anubrūhantassa raho kammaṭṭhānānuyogavasena āsanaṃ nisajjaṃ sikkheyya. Evaṃ
kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto bhāvanañca matthakaṃ pāpento samucchedavasena kilesānaṃ
cittassa vūpasamañca sikkheyya. Yāhi adhisīlasikkhādīhi kilesā accantameva
vūpasantā pahīnā honti, tā maggaphalasikkhā sikkhantassa accantameva cittaṃ
vūpasantaṃ nāma hotīti. Gāthāpariyosāne vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.59-72) –
‘‘Ajjhogāhetvā himavaṃ, mante vācemahaṃ tadā;
Catupaññāsasahassāni, sissā mayhaṃ upaṭṭhahuṃ.
‘‘Adhitā vedagū sabbe, chaḷaṅge pāramiṃ gatā;
Sakavijjāhupatthaddhā, himavante vasanti te.
‘‘Cavitvā tusitā kāyā, devaputto mahāyaso;
Uppajji mātukucchismiṃ, sampajāno patissato.
‘‘Sambuddhe upapajjante, dasasahassi kampatha;
Andhā cakkhuṃ alabhiṃsu, uppajjantamhi nāyake.
‘‘Sabbākāraṃ pakampittha, kevalā vasudhā ayaṃ;
Nigghosasaddaṃ sutvāna, ubbijjiṃsu mahājanā.
‘‘Sabbe janā samāgamma, āgacchuṃ mama santikaṃ;
Vasudhāyaṃ pakampittha, kiṃ vipāko bhavissati.
‘‘Avacāsiṃ tadā tesaṃ, mā bhetha natthi vo
bhayaṃ;
Visaṭṭhā hotha sabbepi, uppādoyaṃ suvatthiko.
‘‘Aṭṭhahetūhi samphussa, vasudhāyaṃ pakampati;
Tathā nimittā dissanti, obhāso vipulo mahā.
‘‘Asaṃsayaṃ buddhaseṭṭho, uppajjissati cakkhumā;
Saññāpetvāna janataṃ, pañcasīle kathesahaṃ.
‘‘Sutvāna pañcasīlāni, buddhuppādañca dullabhaṃ;
Ubbegajātā sumanā, tuṭṭhahaṭṭhā ahaṃsu te.
‘‘Dvenavute ito kappe, yaṃ nimittaṃ viyākariṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, byākaraṇassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Vāraṇattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
8. Vassikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ekopisaddho
medhāvīti āyasmato vassikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto atthadassissa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā
pasannacitto pilakkhaphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu
saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vassikoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ābādhiko ahosi. Atha naṃ ñātakā vejjaparidiṭṭhena
bhesajjavidhinā upaṭṭhahitvā arogamakaṃsu. So tamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhito saṃvegajāto
bhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.40-44) –
‘‘Vanantare buddhaṃ disvā, atthadassiṃ
mahāyasaṃ;
Pasannacitto sumano, pilakkhassa phalaṃ adā.
‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā ākāsena ñātakānaṃ
santike gantvā ākāse ṭhito dhammaṃ desetvā te saraṇesu sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpesi.
Tesu keci kālaṅkatā saraṇesu sīlesu ca patiṭṭhitattā sagge nibbattiṃsu. Atha naṃ
satthā buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ upagataṃ ‘‘kiṃ te, vassika, ñātīnaṃ ārogya’’nti pucchi.
So ñātīnaṃ attanā kataṃ upakāraṃ satthu kathento –
240.
‘‘Ekopi saddho medhāvī, assaddhānīdha ñātinaṃ;
Dhammaṭṭho sīlasampanno, hoti atthāya bandhunaṃ.
241.
‘‘Niggayha anukampāya, coditā ñātayo mayā;
Ñātibandhavapemena, kāraṃ katvāna bhikkhusu.
242.
‘‘Te abbhatītā kālaṅkatā, pattā te tidivaṃ sukhaṃ;
Bhātaro mayhaṃ mātā ca, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. –
Tisso gāthā abhāsi.
Tatthāyaṃ paṭhamagāthāya attho – yo
kammaphalasaddhāya ca ratanattayasaddhāya ca vasena saddho, tato
eva kammassakatañāṇādiyogato medhāvī, satthu
ovādadhamme navalokuttaradhamme ca ṭhitattā dhammaṭṭho, ācārasīlassa
maggasīlassa phalasīlassa ca vasena sīlasampanno, so ekopi yathāvuttāya
saddhāya abhāvena assaddhānaṃ
idha imasmiṃ loke ‘‘amhākaṃ ime’’ti ñātabbaṭṭhena ñātīnaṃ, tathā
pemabandhanena bandhanaṭṭhena ‘‘bandhū’’ti
ca laddhanāmānaṃ bandhavānaṃ atthāya hitāya hotīti.
Evaṃ sādhāraṇato vuttamatthaṃ attūpanāyikaṃ
katvā dassetuṃ ‘‘niggayhā’’tiādinā
itaragāthā vuttā. Tattha niggayha
anukampāya, coditā ñātayo mayāti idānipi duggatā kusalaṃ akatvā āyatiṃ
parikkilesaṃ puna mānubhavitthāti niggahetvā ñātayo mayā ovaditā. Ñātibandhavapemena ‘‘amhākaṃ
ayaṃ bandhavo’’ti evaṃ pavattena pemena mama ovādaṃ atikkamituṃ asakkontā kāraṃ
katvāna bhikkhūsu pasannacittā hutvā cīvarādipaccayadānena
ceva upaṭṭhānena ca bhikkhūsu sakkārasammānaṃ katvā te
abbhatītā kālaṅkatā hutvā imaṃ lokaṃ atikkantā. Puna teti
nipātamattaṃ. Tidivaṃ
sukhanti devalokapariyāpannasukhaṃ, sukhaṃ vā iṭṭhaṃ tidivaṃ adhigatā.
‘‘Ke pana te’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhātaro
mayhaṃ mātā ca, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. Attanā
yathākāmitavatthukāmasamaṅgino hutvā abhiramantīti attho.
Vassikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
9. Yasojattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāsoti āyasmato
yasojattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle ārāmagopakakule
nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ vipassiṃ bhagavantaṃ ākāsena gacchantaṃ
disvā pasannamānaso labujaphalaṃ adāsi.
So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde
sāvatthinagaradvāre kevaṭṭagāme pañcakulasatajeṭṭhakassa kevaṭṭassa putto hutvā
nibbatti, yasojotissa
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto attano sahāyehi kevaṭṭaputtehi saddhiṃ
macchagahaṇatthaṃ aciravatiyaṃ nadiyaṃ jālaṃ khipi. Tattheko suvaṇṇavaṇṇo
mahāmaccho antojālaṃ pāvisi. Taṃ te rañño pasenadissa dassesuṃ .
Rājā ‘‘imassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇassa macchassa vaṇṇakāraṇaṃ bhagavā jānātī’’ti macchaṃ
gāhāpetvā bhagavato dassesi. Bhagavā ‘‘ayaṃ
kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa sāsane osakkamāne pabbajitvā micchā paṭipajjanto
sāsanaṃ osakkāpetvā niraye nibbatto ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ niraye paccitvā tato cuto
aciravatiyaṃ maccho hutvā nibbatto’’ti vatvā tassa bhaginīnañca niraye
nibbattabhāvaṃ, tassa bhātikattherassa parinibbutabhāvañca teneva kathāpetvā
imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā kapilasuttaṃ desesi.
Satthu desanaṃ sutvā yasojo saṃvegajāto saddhiṃ attano sahāyehi bhagavato
santike pabbajitvā patirūpe ṭhāne vasanto ekadivasaṃ sapariso bhagavantaṃ
vandituṃ jetavanaṃ agamāsi. Tassa āgamane senāsanapaññāpanādinā vihāre
uccāsaddamahāsaddo ahosi. Taṃ sutvā ‘‘bhagavā saparisaṃ yasojaṃ paṇāmesī’’ti
(udā. 23) sabbaṃ udāne āgatanayena veditabbaṃ. Paṇāmito pana āyasmā yasojo
kasābhihato bhaddo assājānīyo viya saṃviggamānaso saddhiṃ parisāya vaggumudāya
nadiyā tīre vasanto ghaṭento vāyamanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā antovasseyeva
chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.32-39) –
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, ārāmiko ahaṃ tadā;
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, gacchantaṃ anilañjase.
‘‘Labujaṃ phalamādāya, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
Ākāseva ṭhito santo, paṭiggaṇhi mahāyaso.
‘‘Vittisañjānano mayhaṃ, diṭṭhadhammasukhāvaho;
Phalaṃ buddhassa datvāna, vippasannena cetasā.
‘‘Adhigañchiṃ tadā pītiṃ, vipulaṃ sukhamuttamaṃ;
Uppajjateva ratanaṃ, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ phalaṃ adadiṃ tadā;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiññaṃ pana samānaṃ saparisaṃ
āyasmantaṃ yasojaṃ satthā pakkositvā āneñjasamāpattinā paṭisanthāramakāsi. So
sabbepi dhutaṅgadhamme samādāya vattati.
Tenassa sarīraṃ kisaṃ ahosi lūkhaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ, taṃ bhagavā paramappicchatāya
pasaṃsanto –
243.
‘‘Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāso , kiso dhamanisanthato;
Mattaññū annapānamhi, adīnamānaso naro’’ti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;
Tattha kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāsoti
maṃsūpacayavigamena kisadusaṇṭhitasarīrāvayavatāya dantilatāpabbasadisaṅgo,
tenāha ‘‘kiso
dhamanisanthato’’ti. Kisoti
moneyyapaṭipadāpūraṇena kisasarīro. Dhamanisanthatoti
dhamanīhi santhatagatto appamaṃsalohitatāya pākaṭīhi kaṇḍarasirāhi vitatasarīro. Mattaññūti
pariyesanapaṭiggahaṇaparibhogavissajjanesu pamāṇaññū. Adīnamānasoti
kosajjādīhi anabhibhūtattā alīnacitto akusītavutti. Naroti
puriso, porisassa dhurassa vahanato porisalakkhaṇasampanno purisadhorayhoti
adhippāyo.
Evaṃ thero satthārā pasaṭṭho pasaṭṭhabhāvānurūpaṃ attano
adhivāsanakhantivīriyārambhavivekābhiratikittanamukhena bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ
kathento –
244.
‘‘Phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi makasehi, araññasmiṃ brahāvane;
Nāgo saṅgāmasīseva, sato tatrādhivāsaye.
245.
‘‘Yathā brahmā tathā eko, yathā devo tathā duve;
Yathā gāmo tathā tayo, kolāhalaṃ tatuttari’’nti. –
Imā dve gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha nāgo
saṅgāmasīsevāti yathā nāma ājāneyyo hatthināgo yuddhamaṇḍale
asisattitomarādippahāre adhivāsetvā parasenaṃ viddhaṃseti, evaṃ bhikkhu araññasmiṃ
brahāvane araññāniyaṃ ḍaṃsādiparissaye sato sampajāno
adhivāseyya, adhivāsetvā ca bhāvanābalena mārabalaṃ vidhameyya.
Yathā brahmāti yathā brahmā
ekako cittappakoparahito jhānasukhena niccameva sukhito viharati tathā
ekoti bhikkhupi eko adutiyo vivekasukhamanubrūhento sukhaṃ viharati.
Ekassa sāmaññasukhaṃ paṇītanti hi vuttaṃ. Etena ekavihārī bhikkhu
‘‘brahmasamo’’ti ovādaṃ deti. Yathā
devo tathā duveti yathā devānaṃ antarantarā cittappakopopi
siyā, tathā dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sahavāse ghaṭṭanāpi bhaveyyāti sadutiyavāsena
bhikkhu ‘‘devasamo’’ti vutto. Yathā
gāmo tathā tayoti asmimeva pāṭhe tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sahavāso
gāmavāsasadiso vivekavāso na hotīti adhippāyo . Kolāhalaṃ
tatuttarinti tato tayato upari ca bahūnaṃ saṃvāso kolāhalaṃ
uccāsaddamahāsaddamahājanasannipātasadiso, tasmā ekavihārinā bhavitabbanti
adhippāyoti.
Yasojattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10. Sāṭimattiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Ahu tuyhaṃ pure saddhāti
āyasmato sāṭimattiyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso
tālavaṇṭaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā sāṭimattiyoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto hetusampannatāya āraññakabhikkhūnaṃ santike pabbajitvā
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.38.43-47) –
‘‘Siddhatthassa bhagavato,
tālavaṇṭamadāsahaṃ;
Sumanehi paṭicchannaṃ, dhārayāmi mahārahaṃ.
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, tālavaṇṭamadāsahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, tālavaṇṭassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā bhikkhū ovadati anusāsati bahū ca satte dhammaṃ kathetvā
saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpesi. Aññatarañca kulaṃ assaddhaṃ appasannaṃ
saddhaṃ pasannaṃ akāsi. Tena tasmiṃ kule manussā there abhippasannā ahesuṃ.
Tatthekā dārikā abhirūpā dassanīyā theraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṃ sakkaccaṃ bhojanena
parivisati. Athekadivasaṃ māro ‘‘evaṃ imassa ayaso vaḍḍhissati, appatiṭṭho
bhavissatī’’ti cintetvā therassa rūpena gantvā taṃ dārikaṃ hatthe aggahesi.
Dārikā ‘‘nāyaṃ manussasamphasso’’ti ca aññāsi, hatthañca muñcāpesi. Taṃ disvā
gharajano there appasādaṃ janesi. Punadivase thero taṃ kāraṇaṃ anāvajjento taṃ
gharaṃ agamāsi. Tattha manussā anādaraṃ akaṃsu. Thero taṃ kāraṇaṃ āvajjento
mārassa kiriyaṃ disvā ‘‘tassa gīvāyaṃ kukkurakuṇapaṃ paṭimuñcatū’’ti
adhiṭṭhahitvā tassa mocanatthaṃ upagatena
mārena atītadivase katakiriyaṃ kathāpetvā taṃ
tajjetvā vissajjesi. Taṃ disvā gharasāmiko ‘‘khamatha, bhante, accaya’’nti
khamāpetvā ‘‘ajjatagge ahameva, bhante, tumhe upaṭṭhahāmī’’ti āha. Thero tassa
dhammaṃ kathento –
246.
‘‘Ahu tuyhaṃ pure saddhā, sā te ajja na vijjati;
Yaṃ tuyhaṃ tuyhamevetaṃ, natthi duccaritaṃ mama.
247.
‘‘Aniccā hi calā saddhā, evaṃ diṭṭhā hi sā mayā;
Rajjantipi virajjanti, tattha kiṃ jiyyate muni.
248.
‘‘Paccati munino bhattaṃ, thokaṃ thokaṃ kule kule;
Piṇḍikāya carissāmi, atthi jaṅghabalaṃ mamā’’ti. –
Tisso gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha ahu
tuyhaṃ pure saddhā, sā te ajja na vijjatīti, upāsaka, ito pubbe tava mayi
‘‘ayyo dhammacārī samacārī’’tiādinā saddhā ahosi, sā saddhā te tava ajja idāni
na upalabbhati. Tasmā yaṃ
tuyhaṃ tuyhamevetanti catupaccayadānaṃ, tuyhameva etaṃ hotu, na tena
mayhaṃ attho, sammā pasannacittena hi dānaṃ nāma dātabbanti adhippāyo. Atha vā yaṃ
tuyhaṃ tuyhamevetanti yaṃ tava mayi ajja agāravaṃ pavattaṃ, taṃ
tuyhameva, tassa phalaṃ tayā eva paccanubhavitabbaṃ, na mayāti attho. Natthi
duccaritaṃ mamāti mama pana duccaritaṃ nāma natthi maggeneva
duccaritahetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ samucchinnattā.
Aniccā hi calā saddhāti
yasmā pothujjanikā saddhā aniccā ekantikā na hoti, tato eva calā assapiṭṭhe
ṭhapitakumbhaṇḍaṃ viya, thusarāsimhi nikhātakhāṇukaṃ viya ca anavaṭṭhitā. Evaṃ
diṭṭhā hi sā mayāti evaṃ bhūtā ca sā saddhā mayā tayi diṭṭhā paccakkhato
viditā. Rajjantipi
virajjantīti evaṃ tassā anavaṭṭhitattā eva ime sattā kadāci katthaci
mittasanthavavasena rajjanti sinehampi karonti, kadāci virajjanti virattacittā
honti. Tattha kiṃ
jiyyate munīti tasmiṃ puthujjanānaṃ rajjane virajjane ca muni pabbajito
kiṃ jiyyati, kā tassa hānīti attho.
‘‘Sace mama paccaye na gaṇhatha, kathaṃ tumhe yāpethā’’ti evaṃ mā cintayīti
dassento ‘‘paccatī’’ti
gāthamāha. Tassattho munino pabbajitassa bhattaṃ nāma kule
kule anugharaṃ divase divase thokaṃ
thokaṃ paccate, na ca tuyhaṃ eva gehe. Piṇḍikāya
carissāmi, atthi jaṅghabalaṃ mamāti atthi me jaṅghabalaṃ, nāhaṃ
obhaggajaṅgho na khañjo na ca pādarogī, tasmā piṇḍikāya
missakabhikkhāya carissāmi, ‘‘yathāpi bhamaro puppha’’ntiādinā (dha. pa. 49;
netti. 123) satthārā vuttanayena piṇḍāya caritvā yāpessāmīti dasseti.
Sāṭimattiyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
11. Upālittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saddhāyaabhinikkhammāti
āyasmato upālittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
haṃsavatīnagare kulaghare nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthu dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ
ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayadharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ
ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi. So yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kappakagehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi, upālītissa
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto anuruddhādīnaṃ channaṃ khattiyānaṃ pasādako hutvā
tathāgate anupiyambavane viharante pabbajanatthāya nikkhamantehi chahi
khattiyehi saddhiṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Tassa pabbajjāvidhānaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva
(cūḷava. 330).
So pabbajitvā upasampanno satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante,
araññavāsaṃ anujānāthā’’ti āha. Bhikkhu tava araññe vasantassa ekameva dhuraṃ
vaḍḍhissati, amhākaṃ pana santike vasantassa ganthadhurañca vipassanādhurañca
paripūressatīti. Thero satthu vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto
nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 1.1.441-595) –
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, sujāto nāma brāhmaṇo;
Asītikoṭinicayo, pahūtadhanadhaññavā.
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sadhamme pāramiṃ gato.
‘‘Paribbājā ekasikhā, gotamā buddhasāvakā;
Carakā tāpasā ceva, caranti mahiyā tadā.
‘‘Tepi maṃ parivārenti, brāhmaṇo vissuto iti;
Bahujjano maṃ pūjeti, nāhaṃ pūjemi kiñcanaṃ.
‘‘Pūjārahaṃ na passāmi, mānatthaddho ahaṃ tadā;
Buddhoti vacanaṃ natthi, tāva nuppajjate jino.
‘‘Accayena ahorattaṃ, padumuttaranāmako;
Sabbaṃ tamaṃ vinodetvā, loke uppajji cakkhumā.
‘‘Vitthārike bāhujaññe, puthubhūte ca sāsane;
Upāgami tadā buddho, nagaraṃ haṃsasavhayaṃ.
‘‘Pitu atthāya so buddho, dhammaṃ desesi cakkhumā;
Tena kālena parisā, samantā yojanaṃ tadā.
‘‘Sammato manujānaṃ so, sunando nāma tāpaso;
Yāvatā buddhaparisā, pupphehacchādayī tadā.
‘‘Catusaccaṃ pakāsente, seṭṭhe ca pupphamaṇḍape;
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, dhammābhisamayo ahu.
‘‘Sattarattindivaṃ buddho, vassetvā dhammavuṭṭhiyo;
Aṭṭhame divase patte, sunandaṃ kittayī jino.
‘‘Devaloke manusse vā, saṃsaranto ayaṃ bhave;
Sabbesaṃ pavaro hutvā, bhavesu saṃsarissati.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Mantāṇiputto puṇṇoti, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Evaṃ kittayi sambuddho, sunandaṃ tāpasaṃ tadā;
Hāsayanto janaṃ sabbaṃ, dassayanto sakaṃ balaṃ.
‘‘Katañjalī namassanti, sunandaṃ tāpasaṃ janā;
Buddhe kāraṃ karitvāna, sodhesi gatimattano.
‘‘Tattha me ahu saṅkappo, sutvāna munino vacaṃ;
Ahampi kāraṃ kassāmi, yathā passāmi gotamaṃ.
‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, kiriyaṃ cintayiṃ mama;
Kyāhaṃ kammaṃ ācarāmi, puññakkhette anuttare.
‘‘Ayañca pāṭhiko bhikkhu, sabbapāṭhissa sāsane;
Vinaye agganikkhitto, taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthaye ahaṃ.
‘‘Idaṃ me amitaṃ
bhogaṃ, akkhobhaṃ sāgarūpamaṃ;
Tena bhogena buddhassa, ārāmaṃ māpaye ahaṃ.
‘‘Sobhanaṃ nāma ārāmaṃ, nagarassa puratthato;
Kiṇitvā satasahassena, saṅghārāmaṃ amāpayiṃ.
‘‘Kūṭāgāre ca pāsāde, maṇḍape hammiye guhā;
Caṅkame sukate katvā, saṅghārāmaṃ amāpayiṃ.
‘‘Jantāgharaṃ aggisālaṃ, atho udakamāḷakaṃ;
Nhānagharaṃ māpayitvā, bhikkhusaṅghassadāsahaṃ.
‘‘Āsandiyo pīṭhake ca, paribhoge ca bhājane;
Ārāmikañca bhesajjaṃ, sabbametaṃ adāsahaṃ.
‘‘Ārakkhaṃ paṭṭhapetvāna, pākāraṃ kārayiṃ daḷhaṃ;
Mā naṃ koci viheṭhesi, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassenāvāsaṃ, saṅghārāme amāpayiṃ;
Vepullaṃ taṃ māpayitvā, sambuddhaṃ upanāmayiṃ.
‘‘Niṭṭhāpito mayārāmo, sampaṭiccha tuvaṃ muni;
Niyyādessāmi taṃ vīra, adhivāsehi cakkhuma.
‘‘Padumuttaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, adhivāsesi nāyako.
‘‘Adhivāsanamaññāya, sabbaññussa mahesino;
Bhojanaṃ paṭiyādetvā, kālamārocayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Ārocitamhi kālamhi, padumuttaranāyako;
Khīṇāsavasahassehi, ārāmaṃ me upāgami.
‘‘Nisinnaṃ kālamaññāya, annapānena tappayiṃ;
Bhuttāviṃ kālamaññāya, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
‘‘Kīto satasahassena, tattakeneva kārito;
Sobhano nāma ārāmo, sampaṭiccha tuvaṃ muni.
‘‘Iminārāmadānena , cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
Bhave nibbattamānohaṃ, labhāmi mama patthitaṃ.
‘‘Paṭiggahetvā sambuddho, saṅghārāmaṃ sumāpitaṃ;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
‘‘Yo so buddhassa pādāsi, saṅghārāmaṃ sumāpitaṃ;
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
‘‘Hatthī assā rathā pattī, senā ca
caturaṅginī;
Parivāressantimaṃ niccaṃ, saṅghārāmassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Saṭṭhi tūrasahassāni, bheriyo samalaṅkatā;
Parivāressantimaṃ niccaṃ, saṅghārāmassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Chaḷasītisahassāni, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
Vicittavatthābharaṇā, āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalā.
‘‘Aḷārapamhā hasulā, susaññā tanumajjhimā;
Parivāressantimaṃ niccaṃ, saṅghārāmassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;
Sahassakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati.
‘‘Devarājena pattabbaṃ, sabbaṃ paṭilabhissati;
Anūnabhogo hutvāna, devarajjaṃ karissati.
‘‘Sahassakkhattuṃ cakkavattī, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissati.
Pathabyā rajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
Upāli nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
‘‘Vinaye pāramiṃ patvā, ṭhānāṭhāne ca kovido;
Jinasāsanaṃ dhārento, viharissatināsavo.
‘‘Sabbametaṃ abhiññāya, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapessati.
‘‘Aparimeyyupādāya, patthemi tava sāsanaṃ;
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
‘‘Yathā sūlāvuto poso, rājadaṇḍena tajjito;
Sūle sātaṃ avindanto, parimuttiṃva icchati.
‘‘Tathevāhaṃ mahāvīra, bhavadaṇḍena tajjito;
Kammasūlāvuto santo, pipāsāvedanaṭṭito.
‘‘Bhave sātaṃ na vindāmi, ḍayhanto tīhi aggibhi;
Parimuttiṃ gavesāmi, yathāpi rājadaṇḍito.
‘‘Yathā visādo puriso, visena paripīḷito;
Agadaṃ so gaveseyya, visaghātāyupālanaṃ.
‘‘Gavesamāno passeyya, agadaṃ visaghātakaṃ;
Taṃ pivitvā sukhī assa, visamhā parimuttiyā.
‘‘Tathevāhaṃ mahāvīra, yathā visahato naro;
Sampīḷito avijjāya, saddhammāgadamesahaṃ.
‘‘Dhammāgadaṃ gavesanto, addakkhiṃ sakyasāsanaṃ;
Aggaṃ sabbosadhānaṃ taṃ, sabbasallavinodanaṃ.
‘‘Dhammosadhaṃ pivitvāna, visaṃ sabbaṃ samūhaniṃ;
Ajarāmaraṃ sītibhāvaṃ, nibbānaṃ phassayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Yathā bhūtaṭṭito poso, bhūtaggāhena pīḷito;
Bhūtavejjaṃ gaveseyya, bhūtasmā parimuttiyā.
‘‘Gavesamāno passeyya, bhūtavijjāsu kovidaṃ;
Tassa so vihane bhūtaṃ, samūlañca vināsaye.
‘‘Tathevāhaṃ mahāvīra, tamaggāhena pīḷito;
Ñāṇālokaṃ gavesāmi, tamato parimuttiyā.
‘‘Athaddasaṃ sakyamuniṃ, kilesatamasodhanaṃ;
So me tamaṃ vinodesi, bhūtavejjova bhūtakaṃ.
‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ sañchindiṃ, taṇhāsotaṃ nivārayiṃ;
Bhavaṃ ugghāṭayiṃ sabbaṃ, bhūtavejjova mūlato.
‘‘Garuḷo yathā opatati, pannagaṃ bhakkhamattano;
Samantā yojanasataṃ, vikkhobheti mahāsaraṃ.
‘‘Pannagaṃ so gahetvāna, adhosīsaṃ viheṭhayaṃ;
Ādāya so pakkamati, yenakāmaṃ vihaṅgamo.
‘‘Tathevāhaṃ mahāvīra, yathāpi garuḷo balī;
Asaṅkhataṃ gavesanto, dose vikkhālayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Diṭṭho ahaṃ dhammavaraṃ, santipadamanuttaraṃ;
Ādāya viharāmetaṃ, garuḷo pannagaṃ yathā.
‘‘Āsāvatī nāma latā, jātā cittalatāvane;
Tassā vassasahassena, ekaṃ nibbattate phalaṃ.
‘‘Taṃ devā payirupāsanti, tāvadūraphale sati;
Devānaṃ sā piyā evaṃ, āsāvatī latuttamā.
‘‘Satasahassupādāya, tāhaṃ paricare muni;
Sāyaṃ pātaṃ namassāmi, devā āsāvatiṃ yathā.
‘‘Avañjhā pāricariyā, amoghā ca namassanā;
Dūrāgatampi maṃ santaṃ, khaṇoyaṃ na virādhayi.
‘‘Paṭisandhiṃ na passāmi, vicinanto bhave ahaṃ;
Nirūpadhi vippamutto, upasanto carāmahaṃ.
‘‘Yathāpi padumaṃ nāma, sūriyaraṃsena pupphati;
Tathevāhaṃ mahāvīra, buddharaṃsena pupphito.
‘‘Yathā balākayonimhi, na vijjati pumo sadā;
Meghesu gajjamānesu, gabbhaṃ gaṇhanti tā sadā.
‘‘Cirampi gabbhaṃ dhārenti, yāva megho na
gajjati;
Bhārato parimuccanti, yadā megho pavassati.
‘‘Padumuttarabuddhassa, dhammameghena gajjato;
Saddena dhammameghassa, dhammagabbhaṃ agaṇhahaṃ.
‘‘Satasahassupādāya, puññagabbhaṃ dharemahaṃ;
Nappamuccāmi bhārato, dhammamegho na gajjati.
‘‘Yadā tuvaṃ sakyamuni, ramme kapilavatthave;
Gajjasi dhammameghena, bhārato parimuccahaṃ.
‘‘Suññataṃ animittañca, tathāppaṇihitampi ca;
Caturo ca phale sabbe, dhammevaṃ vijanayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Aparimeyyupādāya, patthemi tava sāsanaṃ;
So me attho anuppatto, santipadamanuttaraṃ.
‘‘Vinaye pāramiṃ patto, yathāpi pāṭhiko isi;
Na me samasamo atthi, dhāremi sāsanaṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Vinaye khandhake cāpi, tikacchede ca pañcake;
Ettha me vimati natthi, akkhare byañjanepi vā.
‘‘Niggahe paṭikamme ca, ṭhānāṭhāne ca kovido;
Osāraṇe vuṭṭhāpane, sabbattha pāramiṃ gato.
‘‘Vinaye khandhake vāpi, nikkhipitvā padaṃ ahaṃ;
Ubhato viniveṭhetvā, rasato osareyyahaṃ.
‘‘Niruttiyā sukusalo, atthānatthe ca kovido;
Anaññātaṃ mayā natthi, ekaggo satthu sāsane.
‘‘Rūpadakkho ahaṃ ajja, sakyaputtassa sāsane;
Kaṅkhaṃ sabbaṃ vinodemi, chindāmi sabbasaṃsayaṃ.
‘‘Padaṃ anupadañcāpi, akkharañcāpi byañjanaṃ;
Nidāne pariyosāne, sabbattha kovido ahaṃ.
‘‘Yathāpi rājā balavā, niggaṇhitvā parantape;
Vijinitvāna saṅgāmaṃ, nagaraṃ tattha māpaye.
‘‘Pākāraṃ parikhañcāpi, esikaṃ dvārakoṭṭhakaṃ;
Aṭṭālake ca vividhe, kāraye nagare bahū.
‘‘Siṅghāṭakaṃ caccarañca, suvibhattantarāpaṇaṃ;
Kārayeyya sabhaṃ tattha, atthānatthavinicchayaṃ.
‘‘Nigghātatthaṃ amittānaṃ, chiddāchiddañca jānituṃ;
Balakāyassa rakkhāya, senāpaccaṃ ṭhapeti so.
‘‘Ārakkhatthāya bhaṇḍassa, nidhānakusalaṃ naraṃ;
Mā me bhaṇḍaṃ vinassīti, bhaṇḍarakkhaṃ ṭhapeti so.
‘‘Mamatto hoti yo rañño, vuddhiṃ yassa ca icchati;
Tassādhikaraṇaṃ deti, mittassa paṭipajjituṃ.
‘‘Uppātesu nimittesu, lakkhaṇesu ca kovidaṃ;
Ajjhāyakaṃ mantadharaṃ, porohicce ṭhapeti so.
‘‘Etehaṅgehi sampanno, khattiyoti pavuccati;
Sadā rakkhanti rājānaṃ, cakkavākova dukkhitaṃ.
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, hatāmittova khattiyo;
Sadevakassa lokassa, dhammarājāti vuccati.
‘‘Titthiye nihanitvāna, mārañcāpi sasenakaṃ;
Tamandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā, dhammanagaraṃ amāpayi.
‘‘Sīlaṃ pākārakaṃ tattha, ñāṇaṃ te dvārakoṭṭhakaṃ;
Saddhā te esikā vīra, dvārapālo ca saṃvaro.
‘‘Satipaṭṭhānamaṭṭālaṃ, paññā te caccaraṃ mune;
Iddhipādañca siṅghāṭaṃ, dhammavīthi sumāpitā.
‘‘Suttantaṃ abhidhammañca, vinayañcāpi kevalaṃ;
Navaṅgaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, esā dhammasabhā tava.
‘‘Suññataṃ animittañca, vihārañcappaṇīhitaṃ;
Āneñjañca nirodho ca, esā dhammakuṭī tava.
‘‘Paññāya aggo nikkhitto, paṭibhāne ca kovido;
Sāriputtoti nāmena, dhammasenāpatī tava.
‘‘Cutūpapātakusalo , iddhiyā pāramiṃ gato;
Kolito nāma nāmena, porohicco tavaṃ mune.
‘‘Porāṇakavaṃsadharo, uggatejo durāsado;
Dhutavādīguṇenaggo, akkhadasso tavaṃ mune.
‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo, sabbapāṭhī ca sāsane;
Ānando nāma nāmena, dhammārakkho tavaṃ mune.
‘‘Ete sabbe atikkamma, pamesi bhagavā mamaṃ;
Vinicchayaṃ me pādāsi, vinaye viññudesitaṃ.
‘‘Yo koci vinaye pañhaṃ, pucchati buddhasāvako;
Tattha me cintanā natthi, taññevatthaṃ kathemahaṃ.
‘‘Yāvatā buddhakhettamhi, ṭhapetvā taṃ mahāmuni;
Vinaye mādiso natthi, kuto bhiyyo bhavissati.
‘‘Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, evaṃ gajjati gotamo;
Upālissa samo natthi, vinaye khandhakesu ca.
‘‘Yāvatā buddhabhaṇitaṃ, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ;
Vinayogadhaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ, vinayamūlapassino.
‘‘Mama kammaṃ saritvāna, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
‘‘Satasahassupādāya, imaṃ ṭhānaṃ apatthayiṃ;
So me attho anuppatto, vinaye pāramiṃ gato.
‘‘Sakyānaṃ nandijanano, kappako āsahaṃ pure;
Vijahitvāna taṃ jātiṃ, putto jāto mahesino.
‘‘Ito dutiyake kappe, añjaso nāma khattiyo;
Anantatejo amitayaso, bhūmipālo mahaddhano.
‘‘Tassa rañño ahaṃ putto, candano nāma khattiyo;
Jātimadenupatthaddho, yasabhogamadena ca.
‘‘Nāgasatasahassāni, sabbālaṅkārabhūsitā;
Tidhāpabhinnā mātaṅgā, parivārenti maṃ sadā.
‘‘Sabalehi paretohaṃ, uyyānaṃ gantukāmako;
Āruyha sirikaṃ nāgaṃ, nagarā nikkhamiṃ tadā.
‘‘Caraṇena ca sampanno, guttadvāro susaṃvuto;
Devalo nāma sambuddho, āgacchi purato mama.
‘‘Pesetvā sirikaṃ nāgaṃ, buddhaṃ āsādayiṃ
tadā;
Tato sañjātakopo so, nāgo nuddharate padaṃ.
‘‘Nāgaṃ ruṇṇamanaṃ disvā, buddhe kodhaṃ akāsahaṃ;
Vihesayitvā sambuddhaṃ, uyyānaṃ agamāsahaṃ.
‘‘Sātaṃ tattha na vindāmi, siro pajjalito yathā;
Pariḷāhena ḍayhāmi, macchova baḷisādako.
‘‘Sasāgarantā pathavī, ādittā viya hoti me;
Pitu santikupāgamma, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
‘‘Āsīvisaṃva kupitaṃ, aggikkhandhaṃva āgataṃ;
Mattaṃva kuñjaraṃ dantiṃ, yaṃ sayambhumasādayiṃ.
‘‘Āsādito mayā buddho, ghoro uggatapo jino;
Purā sabbe vinassāma, khamāpessāma taṃ muniṃ.
‘‘No ce taṃ nijjhāpessāma, attadantaṃ samāhitaṃ;
Orena sattadivasā, raṭṭhaṃ me vidhamissati.
‘‘Sumekhalo kosiyo ca, siggavo cāpi sattako;
Āsādayitvā isayo, duggatā te saraṭṭhakā.
‘‘Yadā kuppanti isayo, saññatā brahmacārino;
Sadevakaṃ vināsenti, sasāgaraṃ sapabbataṃ.
‘‘Tiyojanasahassamhi, purise sannipātayiṃ;
Accayaṃ desanatthāya, sayambhuṃ upasaṅkamiṃ.
‘‘Allavatthā allasirā, sabbeva pañjalīkatā;
Buddhassa pāde nipatitvā, idaṃ vacanamabravuṃ.
‘‘Khamassu tvaṃ mahāvīra, abhiyācati taṃ jano;
Pariḷāhaṃ vinodehi, mā no raṭṭhaṃ vināsaya.
‘‘Sadevamānusā sabbe, sadānavā sarakkhasā;
Ayomayena kūṭena, siraṃ bhindeyyu me sadā.
‘‘Dake aggi na saṇṭhāti, bījaṃ sele na rūhati;
Agade kimi na saṇṭhāti, kopo buddhe na jāyati.
‘‘Yathā ca bhūmi acalā, appameyyo ca sāgaro;
Anantako ca ākāso, evaṃ buddhā akhobhiyā.
‘‘Sadā khantā mahāvīrā, khamitā ca tapassino;
Khantānaṃ khamitānañca, gamanaṃ taṃ na vijjati.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna sambuddho, pariḷāhaṃ
vinodayaṃ;
Mahājanassa purato, nabhaṃ abbhuggamī tadā.
‘‘Tena kammenahaṃ vīra, hīnattaṃ ajjhupāgato;
Samatikkamma taṃ jātiṃ, pāvisiṃ abhayaṃ puraṃ.
‘‘Tadāpi maṃ mahāvīra, ḍayhamānaṃ susaṇṭhitaṃ;
Pariḷāhaṃ vinodesi, sayambhuñca khamāpayiṃ.
‘‘Ajjāpi maṃ mahāvīra, ḍayhamānaṃ tihaggibhi;
Nibbāpesi tayo aggī, sītibhāvañca pāpayiṃ.
‘‘Yesaṃ sotāvadhānatthi, suṇātha mama bhāsato;
Atthaṃ tuyhaṃ pavakkhāmi, yathā diṭṭhaṃ padaṃ mama.
‘‘Sayambhuṃ taṃ vimānetvā, santacittaṃ
samāhitaṃ;
Tena kammenahaṃ ajja, jātomhi nīcayoniyaṃ.
‘‘Mā vo khaṇaṃ virādhetha, khaṇātītā hi socare;
Sadatthe vāyameyyātha, khaṇo vo paṭipādito.
‘‘Ekaccānañca vamanaṃ, ekaccānaṃ virecanaṃ;
Visaṃ halāhalaṃ eke, ekaccānañca osadhaṃ.
‘‘Vamanaṃ paṭipannānaṃ, phalaṭṭhānaṃ virecanaṃ;
Osadhaṃ phalalābhīnaṃ, puññakkhettaṃ gavesinaṃ.
‘‘Sāsanena viruddhānaṃ, visaṃ halāhalaṃ yathā;
Āsīviso diṭṭhaviso, evaṃ jhāpeti taṃ naraṃ.
‘‘Sakiṃ pītaṃ halāhalaṃ, uparundhati jīvitaṃ;
Sāsanena virujjhitvā, kappakoṭimhi ḍayhati.
‘‘Khantiyā avihiṃsāya, mettacittavatāya ca;
Sadevakaṃ so tāreti, tasmā te avirādhiyā.
‘‘Lābhālābhe na sajjanti, sammānanavimānane;
Pathavīsadisā buddhā, tasmā te na virādhiyā.
‘‘Devadatte ca vadhake, core aṅgulimālake;
Rāhule dhanapāle ca, sabbesaṃ samako muni.
‘‘Etesaṃ paṭigho natthi, rāgomesaṃ na vijjati;
Sabbesaṃ samako buddho, vadhakassorasassa ca.
‘‘Panthe disvāna kāsāvaṃ, chaḍḍitaṃ mīḷhamakkhitaṃ;
Sirasmiṃ añjaliṃ katvā, vanditabbaṃ isiddhajaṃ.
‘‘Abbhatītā ca ye buddhā, vattamānā anāgatā;
Dhajenānena sujjhanti, tasmā ete namassiyā.
‘‘Satthukappaṃ suvinayaṃ, dhāremi hadayenahaṃ;
Namassamāno vinayaṃ, viharissāmi sabbadā.
‘‘Vinayo āsayo mayhaṃ, vinayo ṭhānacaṅkamaṃ;
Kappemi vinaye vāsaṃ, vinayo mama gocaro.
‘‘Vinaye pāramippatto, samathe cāpi kovido;
Upāli taṃ mahāvīra, pāde vandati satthuno.
‘‘So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;
Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Tattha hi naṃ satthā sayameva sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ uggaṇhāpesi. So aparabhāge
bhārukacchakavatthuṃ (pārā. 78) ajjukavatthuṃ (pārā. 158) kumārakassapavatthunti
imāni tīṇi vatthūni vinicchayi. Satthā ekekasmiṃ vinicchite sādhukāraṃ datvā
tayopi vinicchaye aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ vinayadharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.
So aparabhāge ekasmiṃ uposathadivase pātimokkhuddesasamaye bhikkhū ovadanto –
249.
‘‘Saddhāya abhinikkhamma, navapabbajito navo;
Mitte bhajeyya kalyāṇe, suddhājīve atandite.
250.
‘‘Saddhāya abhinikkhamma, navapabbajito navo;
Saṅghasmiṃ viharaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhetha vinayaṃ budho.
251.
‘‘Saddhāya abhinikkhamma, navapabbajito navo;
Kappākappesu kusalo, careyya apurakkhato’’ti. – tisso gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha saddhāyāti
saddhānimittaṃ, na jīvikatthanti attho. Saddhāyāti
vā kammaphalāni ratanattayaguṇañca saddahitvā. Abhinikkhammāti
gharāvāsato nikkhamitvā. Navapabbajitoti
navo hutvā pabbajito, paṭhamavaye eva pabbajito. Navoti
sāsane sikkhāya abhinavo daharo. Mitte
bhajeyya kalyāṇe suddhājīve atanditeti ‘‘piyo garu bhāvanīyo’’tiādinā (a.
ni. 7.37) vuttalakkhaṇe kalyāṇamitte, micchājīvavivajjanena suddhājīve ,
āraddhavīriyatāya atandite bhajeyya
upasaṅkameyya, tesaṃ ovādānusāsanīpaṭiggahaṇavasena seveyya. Saṅghasmiṃ
viharanti saṅghe bhikkhusamūhe vattapaṭivattapūraṇavasena viharanto. Sikkhetha
vinayaṃ budhoti bodhañāṇatāsukusalo hutvā vinayapariyattiṃ sikkheyya.
Vinayo hi sāsanassa āyu, tasmiṃ ṭhite sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti. ‘‘Buddho’’ti ca
paṭhanti, so evattho. Kappākappesūti
kappiyākappiyesu kusalo suttavasena suttānulomavasena ca nipuṇo cheko. Apurakkhatoti
na purakkhato taṇhādīhi kutoci purekkhāraṃ apaccāsīsanto hutvā vihareyya.
Upālittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
12. Uttarapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Paṇḍitaṃ vata maṃ santanti
āyasmato uttarapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu
katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato
gamanamagge setuṃ kārāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā uttarapāloti
laddhanāmo vayappatto yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā
samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tassa ekadivasaṃ ayonisomanasikāravasena anubhūtārammaṇaṃ
anussarantassa kāmarāgo uppajji. So tāvadeva sahoḍḍhaṃ coraṃ gaṇhanto viya
attano cittaṃ niggahetvā saṃvegajāto paṭipakkhamanasikārena kilese vikkhambhetvā
vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto bhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.16-20) –
‘‘Vipassino bhagavato, caṅkamantassa sammukhā;
Pasannacitto sumano, setuṃ kārāpayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ setuṃ kārayiṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, setudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sīhanādaṃ nadanto –
252.
‘‘Paṇḍitaṃ vata maṃ santaṃ, alamatthavicintakaṃ;
Pañca kāmaguṇā loke, sammohā pātayiṃsu maṃ.
253.
‘‘Pakkhando māravisaye, daḷhasallasamappito;
Asakkhiṃ maccurājassa, ahaṃ pāsā pamuccituṃ.
254.
‘‘Sabbe kāmā pahīnā me, bhavā sabbe padālitā;
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. –
Tisso gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha paṇḍitaṃ vata
maṃ santanti sutacintāmayāya paññāya vasena paññāsampannampi nāma maṃ
samānaṃ. Alamatthavicintakanti
attano ca paresañca atthaṃ hitaṃ vicintetuṃ samatthaṃ, alaṃ vā pariyattaṃ
atthassa vicintakaṃ, kilesaviddhaṃsanasamatthaṃ atthadassinaṃ vā, sabbametaṃ
attano antimabhavikatāya thero vadati. Pañca
kāmaguṇāti rūpādayo pañca kāmakoṭṭhāsā. Loketi
tesaṃ pavattiṭṭhānadassanaṃ. Sammohāti
sammohanimittaṃ ayonisomanasikārahetu. Sammohāti
vā sammohanā sammohakarā. Pātayiṃsūti
dhīrabhāvato pātesuṃ, lokato vā uttaritukāmaṃ maṃ loke pātayiṃsūti attho.
Pakkhandoti anupaviṭṭho. Māravisayeti
kilesavisaye kilesamārassa pavattiṭṭhāne, tassa vasaṃ gatoti adhippāyo.
Devaputtamārassa vā issariyaṭṭhāne taṃ anupavisitvā ṭhito. Daḷhasallasamappitoti
daḷhaṃ thiraṃ, daḷhena vā sallena samappito, rāgasallena hadayaṃ āhacca viddho. Asakkhiṃ
maccurājassa, ahaṃ pāsā pamuccitunti aggamaggasaṇḍāsena rāgādisallaṃ
anavasesato uddharantoyeva rāgabandhanasaṅkhātā maccurājassa
pāsā ahaṃ parimuccituṃ asakkhiṃ, tato attānaṃ pamocesiṃ.
Tato eva ca sabbe kāmā
pahīnā me, bhavā sabbe padālitāti vatthārammaṇādibhedena anekabhedabhinnā sabbe
kilesakāmā ariyamaggena samucchedavasena mayā pahīnā. Kilesakāmesu hi pahīnesu
vatthukāmāpi pahīnā eva honti. Tathā kāmabhavakammabhavādayo bhavā sabbe
maggañāṇāsinā padālitā viddhaṃsitā. Kammabhavesu hi padālitesu upapattibhavā
padālitā eva honti. Evaṃ kammabhavānaṃ padālitattā eva vikkhīṇo
jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavoti. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Idameva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
Uttarapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
13. Abhibhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Suṇāthañātayo
sabbeti āyasmato abhibhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi
purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vessabhussa
bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tādisena
kalyāṇamittasannissayena sāsane abhippasanno ahosi. So satthari parinibbute
tassa dhātuṃ gahetuṃ mahājane ussāhaṃ karonte sayaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ gandhodakena
citakaṃ nibbāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ
buddhuppāde veṭhapuranagare rājakule nibbattitvā abhibhūtoti
laddhanāmo pitu accayena rajjaṃ kāreti. Tasmiñca samaye bhagavā janapadacārikaṃ
caranto anupubbena taṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇi. Tato so rājā ‘‘bhagavā kira mama nagaraṃ
anuppatto’’ti sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā dutiyadivase mahādānaṃ
pavattesi. Bhagavā bhuttāvī tassa rañño ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ anumodanaṃ karontoyeva
vitthārato dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā laddhappasādo rajjaṃ pahāya
pabbajitvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.11-15) –
‘‘Dayhamāne sarīramhi, vessabhussa mahesino;
Gandhodakaṃ gahetvāna, citaṃ nibbāpayiṃ ahaṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, citaṃ nibbāpayiṃ ahaṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, gandhodakassidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena viharante tasmiṃ tassa ñātakā amaccā
pārisajjā nāgarā jānapadāti sabbe samāgantvā, ‘‘bhante, kasmā tvaṃ amhe anāthe
katvā pabbajito’’ti parideviṃsu. Thero te ñātipamukhe manusse paridevante disvā
tesaṃ attano pabbajjakāraṇavibhāvanamukhena dhammaṃ kathento –
255.
‘‘Suṇātha ñātayo sabbe, yāvantettha samāgatā;
Dhammaṃ vo desayissāmi, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
256.
‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
257.
‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto
vihassati;
Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti. – tisso gāthā abhāsi;
Tattha suṇāthāti
nisāmetha, idāni mayā vuccamānaṃ ohitasotā sotadvārānusārena upadhārethāti
attho. Ñātayoti
ñātī pamukhe katvā tesaṃ sabbesaṃ ālapanaṃ, tenāha ‘‘sabbe
yāvantettha samāgatā’’ti, yāvanto yattakā ettha samāgame, etissaṃ vā mama
pabbajjāya samāgatāti attho.
Idāni yaṃ sandhāya ‘‘suṇāthā’’ti savanāṇattikavacanaṃ kataṃ, taṃ ‘‘dhammaṃ
vo desayissāmī’’ti paṭijānitvā ‘‘dukkhā
jāti punappuna’’ntiādinā desetuṃ ārabhi. Tattha dukkhā
jāti punappunanti jāti nāmesā gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedassa jarādibhedassa
ca anekavihitassa dukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato dukkhā. Sā punappunaṃ pavattamānā
ativiya dukkhā.
Tassā pana jātiyā samatikkamanatthaṃ ussāho
karaṇīyoti dassento āha ‘‘ārambhathā’’tiādi.
Tattha ārambhathāti
ārambhadhātusaṅkhātaṃ vīriyaṃ karotha. Nikkamathāti
kosajjapakkhato nikkhantattā nikkamadhātusaṅkhātaṃ taduttariṃ vīriyaṃ karotha. Yuñjatha
buddhasāsaneti yasmā sīlasaṃvaro indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojane
mattaññutā satisampajaññanti imesu dhammesu patiṭṭhitānaṃ jāgariyānuyogavasena
ārambhanikkamadhātuyo sampajjanti, tasmā tathābhūtā samathavipassanāsaṅkhāte
adhisīlasikkhādisaṅkhāte vā bhagavato sāsane yuttappayuttā hotha. Dhunātha
maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaroti evaṃ paṭipajjantā ca
tedhātuissarassa maccurājassa vasaṃ satte netīti tassa senāsaṅkhātaṃ abalaṃ
dubbalaṃ yathā nāma thāmabalūpapanno kuñjaro naḷehi kataṃ agāraṃ khaṇeneva
viddhaṃseti, evameva kilesagaṇaṃ dhunātha vidhamatha viddhaṃsethāti attho.
Evaṃ pana buddhasāsane ussāhaṃ karontassa ekaṃsiko jātidukkhassa samatikkamoti
dassento ‘‘yo imasmi’’ntiādinā
tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Taṃ suviññeyyameva.
Abhibhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
14. Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Saṃsaranti āyasmato
gotamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave puññāni karonto sikhimhi bhagavati parinibbute tassa citakaṃ
devamanussesu pūjentesu aṭṭhahi campakapupphehi citakaṃ pūjesi. So tena
puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakyarājakule
nibbattitvā gotamoti
gottavaseneva abhilakkhitanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho
pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.47.6-10) –
‘‘Jhāyamānassa bhagavato, sikhino
lokabandhuno;
Aṭṭha campakapupphāni, citakaṃ abhiropayiṃ.
‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, citapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ekadivasaṃ ñātakehi ‘‘kasmā,
bhante, amhe pahāya pabbajito’’ti puṭṭho saṃsāre attanā anubhūtadukkhañceva
idāni adhigataṃ nibbānasukhañca pakāsento –
258.
‘‘Saṃsarañhi nirayaṃ agacchissaṃ, petalokamagamaṃ punappunaṃ;
Dukkhamamhipi tiracchānayoniyaṃ, nekadhā hi vusitaṃ ciraṃ mayā.
259.
‘‘Mānusopi ca bhavobhirādhito, saggakāyamagamaṃ sakiṃ sakiṃ;
Rūpadhātusu arūpadhātusu, nevasaññisu asaññisuṭṭhitaṃ.
260.
‘‘Sambhavā suviditā asārakā, saṅkhatā pacalitā saderitā;
Taṃ viditvā mahamahattasambhavaṃ, santimeva satimā samajjhaga’’nti. –
Tīhi gāthāhi tesaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.
Tattha saṃsaranti
anādimati saṃsāre saṃsaranto kammakilesehi pañcasu gatīsu cavanupapātavasena
aparāparaṃ saṃsarantoti attho. Hīti
nipātamattaṃ. Nirayaṃ
agacchissanti sañjīvādikaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ mahānirayaṃ, kukkuḷādikaṃ
soḷasavidhaṃ ussadanirayañca paṭisandhivasena upagacchiṃ . ‘‘Punappuna’’nti
idaṃ idhāpi ānetabbaṃ . Petalokanti
pettivisayaṃ, khuppipāsādibhedaṃ petattabhāvanti attho. Agamanti
paṭisandhivasena upagacchiṃ upapajjiṃ. Punappunanti
aparāparaṃ. Dukkhamamhipīti
aññamaññaṃ tikhiṇakasāpatodābhighātādidukkhehi dussahāyapi. Liṅgavipallāsena
hetaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘dukkhamamhipī’’ti. Tiracchānayoniyanti
migapakkhiādibhedāya tiracchānayoniyaṃ. Nekadhā
hīti oṭṭhagoṇagadrabhādivasena ceva kākabalākakulalādivasena ca
anekappakāraṃ anekavārañca ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ mayā
vusitaṃ niccaṃ utrastamānasatādivasena dukkhaṃ anubhūtaṃ.
Tiracchānayoniyaṃ nibbattasatto mahāmūḷhatāya cirataraṃ tattheva aparāparaṃ
parivattatīti dassanatthaṃ idha ‘‘cira’’nti vuttaṃ.
Mānusopi ca bhavobhirādhitoti
manussattabhāvopi mayā tādisena kusalakammunā samavāyena abhirādhito sādhito
adhigato. Kāṇakacchapopamasuttamettha (ma. ni. 3.252; saṃ. ni. 5.1117)
udāharitabbaṃ. Saggakāyamagamaṃ
sakiṃ sakinti saggagatisaṅkhātaṃ kāmāvacaradevakāyaṃ sakiṃ sakiṃ kadāci
kadāci upapajjanavasena agacchiṃ. Rūpadhātusūti
puthujjanabhavaggapariyosānesu rūpabhavesu arūpadhātusūti
arūpabhavesu. Nevasaññisu
asaññisuṭṭhitanti rūpārūpadhātūsu ca na kevalaṃ saññīsu eva, atha kho
nevasaññīnāsaññīsu asaññīsu ca upapajja ṭhitaṃ mayāti ānetvā yojetabbaṃ.
Nevasaññiggahaṇena hettha nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo gahito. Yadipime dve bhavā
rūpārūpadhātuggahaṇeneva gayhanti, ye pana ito bāhirakā tattha niccasaññino
bhavavimokkhasaññino ca, tesaṃ tassā saññāya micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ visuṃ
gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ dvīhi gāthāhi bhavamūlassa anupacchinnattā anādimati saṃsāre attano
vaṭṭadukkhānubhavaṃ dassetvā idāni tadupacchedena vivaṭṭasukhānubhavaṃ dassento ‘‘sambhavā’’tiādinā
tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha sambhavāti
bhavā. Kāmabhavādayo eva hi hetupaccayasamavāyena bhavantīti idha sambhavāti
vuttā. Suviditāti
vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya suṭṭhu viditā. Asārakātiādi
tesaṃ viditākāradassanaṃ. Tattha asārakāti
niccasārādisārarahitā. Saṅkhatāti
samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katā. Pacalitāti
saṅkhatattā eva uppādajarādīhi pakārato calitā anavaṭṭhitā. Saderitāti
sadā sabbakālaṃ bhaṅgena eritā, ittarā bhaṅgagāmino pabhaṅgunoti attho. Taṃ
viditvāmahamattasambhavanti
taṃ yathāvuttaṃ saṅkhatasabhāvaṃ attasambhavaṃ attani sambhūtaṃ attāyattaṃ
issarādivasena aparāyattaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena ahaṃ viditvā
tappaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ santimeva nibbānameva
maggapaññāsatiyā satimā hutvā samajjhagaṃ adhigacchiṃ
ariyamaggabhāvanāya anuppattoti. Evaṃ thero ñātakānaṃ dhammadesanāmukhena aññaṃ
byākāsi.
Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
15. Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Yo pubbe karaṇīyānīti
āyasmato hāritattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute tassa citakapūjāya
kayiramānāya gandhena pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto
imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā hāritoti
laddhanāmo vayappatto jātimānaṃ nissāya aññe vasalavādena samudācarati. So
bhikkhūnaṃ santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitopi
ciraparicitattā vasalasamudācāraṃ na vissajji. Athekadivasaṃ satthu santike
dhammaṃ sutvā sañjātasaṃvego vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā attano cittappavattiṃ
upaparikkhanto mānuddhaccaviggahitataṃ disvā taṃ pahāya vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā
arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.46.63-67) –
‘‘Citāsu kurumānāsu, nānāgandhe samāhaṭe;
Pasannacitto sumano, gandhamuṭṭhimapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, citakaṃ yamapūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, citapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahā pana hutvā vimuttisukhaṃ anubhavanto ‘‘yo
pubbe karaṇīyānī’’tiādinā tīhi gāthāhi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānamukhena aññaṃ
byākāsi. Tāsaṃ attho heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
Hāritattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
16. Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Pāpamitteti āyasmato
vimalattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha
tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle
kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute sādhukīḷanadivasesu
vītivattesu satthu sarīraṃ gahetvā upāsakesu jhāpanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchantesu satthu
guṇe āvajjitvā pasannamānaso sumanapupphehi pūjamakāsi. So tena puññakammena
devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde bārāṇasiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule
nibbattitvā vimaloti
laddhanāmo vayappatto somamittattheraṃ nissāya sāsane pabbajitvā teneva ussāhito
vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa.
thera 2.46.58-62) –
‘‘Nīharante sarīramhi, vajjamānāsu bherisu;
Pasannacitto sumano, paṭṭipupphamapūjayiṃ.
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhipūjayiṃ;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, dehapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano sahāyassa bhikkhussa ovādaṃ dento –
264.
‘‘Pāpamitte vivajjetvā, bhajeyyuttamapuggalaṃ;
Ovāde cassa tiṭṭheyya, patthento acalaṃ sukhaṃ.
265.
‘‘Parittaṃ dārumāruyha, yathā sīde mahaṇṇave;
Evaṃ kusītamāgamma, sādhujīvīpi sīdati;
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ.
266.
‘‘Pavivittehi ariyehi, pahitattehi jhāyibhi;
Niccaṃ āraddhavīriyehi, paṇḍitehi sahāvase’’ti. –
Tisso gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha pāpamitteti
akalyāṇamitte asappurise hīnavīriye. Vivajjetvāti
taṃ abhajanavasena dūrato vajjetvā. Bhajeyyuttamapuggalanti
sappurisaṃ paṇḍitaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ ovādānusāsanīgahaṇavasena seveyya. Ovāde
cassa tiṭṭheyyāti assa kalyāṇamittassa ovāde anusiṭṭhiyaṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ
paṭipajjanavasena tiṭṭheyya. Patthentoti
ākaṅkhanto. Acalaṃ
sukhanti nibbānasukhaṃ phalasukhañca. Tampi hi akuppabhāvato ‘‘acala’’nti
vuccati. Sesaṃ vuttatthameva.
Vimalattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Tikanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Paṭhamo bhāgo niṭṭhito.
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