CHÁNH KINH PALI

CHÚ GIẢI PALI

BẢN DỊCH VIỆT

Majjhimanikāyo

Majjhimanikāye

Trung Bộ Kinh

7. Vatthasuttaṃ

7. Vatthasuttavaṇṇanā

7. Kinh Ví dụ tấm vải
(Vatthùpama sutta)

70. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

70.Evaṃme sutanti vatthasuttaṃ. Tattha seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vatthanti upamāvacanamevetaṃ. Upamaṃ karonto ca bhagavā katthaci paṭhamaṃyeva upamaṃ dassetvā pacchā atthaṃ dasseti, katthaci paṭhamamatthaṃ dassetvā pacchā upamaṃ, katthaci upamāya atthaṃ parivāretvā dasseti, katthaci atthena upamaṃ.

Tathā hesa – ‘‘seyyathāpissu, bhikkhave, dve agārā sadvārā, tattha cakkhumā puriso majjhe ṭhito passeyyā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.261) sakalampi devadūtasuttaṃ upamaṃ paṭhamaṃ dassetvā pacchā atthaṃ dassento āha. ‘‘Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.238; paṭi. ma. 1.102) pana nayena sakalampi iddhividhamatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dassetvā pacchā upamaṃ dassento āha. ‘‘Seyyathāpi brāhmaṇapuriso sāratthiko sāragavesī’’tiādināva (ma. ni. 1.318) nayena sakalampi cūḷasāropamasuttaṃ upamāya atthaṃ parivāretvā dassento āha. ‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacce kulaputtā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ…pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso alagaddatthiko’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.238) nayena sakalampi alagaddasuttaṃ mahāsāropamasuttanti evamādīni suttāni atthena upamaṃ parivāretvā dassento āha.

Svāyaṃ idha paṭhamaṃ upamaṃ dassetvā pacchā atthaṃ dasseti. Kasmā panevaṃ bhagavā dassetīti? Puggalajjhāsayena vā desanāvilāsena vā. Ye hi puggalā paṭhamaṃ upamaṃ dassetvā vuccamānamatthaṃ sukhena paṭivijjhanti, tesaṃ paṭhamaṃ upamaṃ dasseti. Esa nayo sabbattha. Yassā ca dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā desanāvilāsaṃ patto hoti, tassā suppaṭividdhā. Tasmā esa desanāvilāsampatto dhammissaro dhammarājā, so yathā yathā icchati, tathā tathā dhammaṃ desetīti evaṃ iminā puggalajjhāsayena vā desanāvilāsena vā evaṃ dassetīti veditabbo.

Tattha vatthanti pakatiparisuddhaṃ vatthaṃ. Saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ malaggahitanti āgantukena paṃsurajādinā saṃkilesena saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ, sedajallikādinā malena gahitattā malaggahitaṃ. Raṅgajāteti ettha raṅgameva raṅgajātaṃ. Upasaṃhareyyāti upanāmeyya. Yadi nīlakāyāti nīlakāya vā, nīlakatthāya vāti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ sabbattha. Rajako hi nīlakatthāya upasaṃharanto kaṃsanīlapalāsanīlādike nīlaraṅge upasaṃharati. Pītakatthāya upasaṃharanto kaṇikārapupphasadise pītakaraṅge. Lohitakatthāya upasaṃharanto bandhujīvakapupphasadise lohitakaraṅge. Mañjiṭṭhakatthāya upasaṃharanto kaṇavīrapupphasadise mandarattaraṅge. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yadi nīlakāya…pe… yadi mañjiṭṭhakāyā’’ti.

Durattavaṇṇamevassāti duṭṭhu rañjitavaṇṇameva assa. Aparisuddhavaṇṇamevassāti nīlavaṇṇopissa parisuddho na bhaveyya, sesavaṇṇopi. Tādisañhi vatthaṃ nīlakumbhiyā pakkhittampi sunīlaṃ na hoti, sesakumbhīsu pakkhittampi pītakādivaṇṇaṃ na hoti, milātanīla kuraṇḍa-kaṇikāra-bandhujīvaka-kaṇavīrapupphavaṇṇameva hoti. Taṃ kissa hetūti taṃ vatthaṃ kissa hetu kiṃ kāraṇā īdisaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ vā vatthe raṅgajātaṃ kissa hetu īdisaṃ durattavaṇṇaṃ aparisuddhavaṇṇaṃ hotīti? Yasmā panassa vatthassa saṃkiliṭṭhabhāvoyevettha kāraṇaṃ, na aññaṃ kiñci, tasmā ‘‘aparisuddhattā, bhikkhave, vatthassā’’ti āha.

Evameva khoti upamāsampaṭipādanaṃ. Citte saṃkiliṭṭheti cittamhi saṃkiliṭṭhamhi. Kasmā pana bhagavā saṃkiliṭṭhavatthena opammaṃ akāsīti ce, vāyāmamahapphaladassanatthaṃ. Yathā hi āgantukehi malehi saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ vatthaṃ pakatiyā paṇḍarattā puna dhovīyamānaṃ paṇḍaraṃ hoti, na tattha jātikāḷake viya eḷakalome vāyāmo nipphalo hoti, evaṃ cittampi āgantukehi kilesehi saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ. Pakatiyā pana taṃ sakalepi paṭisandhibhavaṅgavāre paṇḍarameva. Yathāha – ‘‘pabhassaramidaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ, tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭha’’nti (a. ni. 1.51). Taṃ visodhīyamānaṃ sakkā pabhassarataraṃ kātuṃ, na tattha vāyāmo nipphaloti evaṃ vāyāmamahapphaladassanatthaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhavatthena opammaṃ akāsīti veditabbo.

Duggati pāṭikaṅkhāti īdise citte duggati pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, duggatiṃ eva esa pāpuṇissati , nāññanti evaṃ duggati icchitabbā, avassaṃ bhāvīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sā cāyaṃ duggati nāma paṭipattiduggati, gatiduggatīti duvidhā hoti. Paṭipattiduggatipi agāriyapaṭipattiduggati, anagāriyapaṭipattiduggatīti duvidhā hoti.

Agāriyo hi saṃkiliṭṭhacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, sakalepi dasa akusalakammapathe pūreti, ayamassa agāriyapaṭipattiduggati. So tattha ṭhito kāyassa bhedā nirayampi gacchati, tiracchānayonimpi, pettivisayampi gacchati, ayamassa gatiduggati.

Anagāriyopi imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajito saṃkiliṭṭhacitto dūteyyapahiṇagamanaṃ gacchati, vejjakammaṃ karoti, saṅghabhedāya cetiyabhedāya parakkamati, veḷudānādīhi jīvikaṃ kappeti, sakalampi anācāraṃ agocarañca paripūreti, ayamassa anagāriyapaṭipattiduggati.So tattha ṭhito kāyassa bhedā nirayampi gacchati, tiracchānayonimpi, pettivisayampi gacchati samaṇayakkho nāma hoti samaṇapeto, ādittehi saṅghāṭiādīhi sampajjalitakāyo aṭṭassaraṃ karonto vicarati, ayamassa gatiduggati.

Seyyathāpīti sukkapakkhaṃ dassetumāraddho, tassattho kaṇhapakkhe vuttapaccanīkeneva veditabbo. Etthāpi ca sugati nāma paṭipattisugati gatisugatīti duvidhā hoti. Paṭipattisugatipi agāriyapaṭipattisugati anagāriyapaṭipattisugatīti duvidhā hoti. Agāriyo hi parisuddhacitto pāṇātipātāpi viramati, adinnādānāpi, sakalepi dasa kusalakammapathe paripūreti, ayamassa agāriyapaṭipattisugati. So tattha ṭhito kāyassa bhedā manussamahantatampi devamahantatampi upapajjati, ayamassa gatisugati.

Anagāriyopi imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajitvā parisuddhacitto catupārisuddhisīlaṃ sodheti, terasa dhutaṅgāni samādiyati, aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu attano anukūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā pantasenāsane paṭisevamāno kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā jhānasamāpattiyo nibbatteti, sotāpattimaggaṃ bhāveti…pe… anāgāmimaggaṃ bhāveti, ayamassa anagāriyapaṭipattisugati. So tattha ṭhito kāyassa bhedā manussaloke vā tīsu mahākulesu, chasu vā kāmāvacaradevesu, dasasu vā brahmabhavanesu , pañcasu vā suddhāvāsesu, catūsu vā āruppesu upapajjati, ayamassa gatisugatīti.

Một thời Thế Tôn ở Savatthi (Xá-vệ), tại Jetavana (Kỳ-đà Lâm), vườn ông Anathapindika (Cấp Cô Ðộc). Lúc bấy giờ Thế Tôn gọi các Tỷ-kheo: "Này các Tỷ-kheo". --"Bạch Thế Tôn", các vị Tỷ-kheo ấy vâng đáp Thế Tôn. Thế Tôn nói như sau:

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vatthaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ malaggahitaṃ; tamenaṃ rajako yasmiṃ yasmiṃ raṅgajāte upasaṃhareyya – yadi nīlakāya yadi pītakāya yadi lohitakāya yadi mañjiṭṭhakāya [mañjeṭṭhakāya (sī. pī.), mañjeṭṭhikāya (syā.)] durattavaṇṇamevassa aparisuddhavaṇṇamevassa. Taṃ kissa hetu?

-- Này các Tỷ-kheo, như một tấm vải cấu uế, nhiễm bụi, một người thợ nhuộm nhúng tấm vải ấy vào thuốc nhuộm này hay thuốc nhuộm khác - hoặc xanh, hoặc vàng, hoặc đỏ, hoặc tía - vải ấy sẽ được màu nhuộm không tốt đẹp, sẽ được màu nhuộm không sạch sẽ. Vì sao vậy?

 Aparisuddhattā, bhikkhave, vatthassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, citte saṃkiliṭṭhe, duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vatthaṃ parisuddhaṃ pariyodātaṃ; tamenaṃ rajako yasmiṃ yasmiṃ raṅgajāte upasaṃhareyya – yadi nīlakāya yadi pītakāya yadi lohitakāya yadi mañjiṭṭhakāya – surattavaṇṇamevassa parisuddhavaṇṇamevassa. Taṃ kissa hetu?

Này các Tỷ-kheo, vì tấm vải không được trong sạch. Cũng vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, cõi ác chờ đợi một tâm cấu uế. Này các Tỷ-kheo, như một tấm vải thanh tịnh, trong sạch, một người thợ nhuộm nhúng tấm vải ấy vào thuốc nhuộm này hay thuốc nhuộm khác - hoặc xanh, hoặc vàng, hoặc đỏ, hoặc tía, vải ấy sẽ được màu nhuộm tốt đẹp, sẽ được màu nhuộm sạch sẽ. Vì sao vậy?

Parisuddhattā, bhikkhave, vatthassa. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, citte asaṃkiliṭṭhe, sugati pāṭikaṅkhā.

71. ‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, cittassa upakkilesā?

71. Evaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhe citte duggati pāṭikaṅkhā, asaṃkiliṭṭhe ca sugatīti vatvā idāni yehi upakkilesehi cittaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ hoti, te dassento katame ca, bhikkhave, cittassa upakkilesā? Abhijjhā visamalobhotiādimāha.

Tattha sakabhaṇḍe chandarāgo abhijjhā, parabhaṇḍe visamalobho. Atha vā sakabhaṇḍe vā parabhaṇḍe vā hotu, yuttapattaṭṭhāne chandarāgo abhijjhā, ayuttāpattaṭṭhāne visamalobho. Thero panāha ‘‘kissa vinibbhogaṃ karotha, yutte vā ayutte vā hotu, ‘rāgo visamaṃ doso visamaṃ moho visama’nti (vibha. 924) vacanato na koci lobho avisamo nāma, tasmā lobhoyeva abhijjhāyanaṭṭhena abhijjhā, visamaṭṭhena visamaṃ, ekatthametaṃ byañjanameva nāna’’nti. So panesa abhijjhāvisamalobho uppajjitvā cittaṃ dūseti, obhāsituṃ na deti. Tasmā ‘‘cittassa upakkileso’’ti vuccati.

Yathā cesa, evaṃ navavidhaāghātavatthusambhavo byāpādo. Dasavidhaāghātavatthusambhavo kodho. Punappunaṃ cittapariyonandhano upanāho. Agāriyassa vā anagāriyassa vā sukatakaraṇavināsano makkho. Agāriyopi hi kenaci anukampakena daliddo samāno ucce ṭhāne ṭhapito, aparena samayena ‘‘kiṃ tayā mayhaṃ kata’’nti tassa sukatakaraṇaṃ vināseti. Anagāriyopi sāmaṇerakālato pabhuti ācariyena vā upajjhāyena vā catūhi paccayehi uddesaparipucchāhi ca anuggahetvā dhammakathānayapakaraṇakosallādīni sikkhāpito, aparena samayena rājarājamahāmattādīhi sakkato garukato ācariyupajjhāyesu acittīkato caramāno ‘‘ayaṃ amhehi daharakāle evaṃ anuggahito saṃvaḍḍhito ca, atha panidāni nissineho jāto’’ti vuccamāno ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ tumhehi kata’’nti tesaṃ sukatakaraṇaṃ vināseti, tassa so sukatakaraṇavināsano makkho uppajjitvā cittaṃ dūseti, obhāsituṃ na deti. Tasmā ‘‘cittassa upakkileso’’ti vuccati.

Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ bahussutepi puggale ajjhottharitvā ‘‘īdisassa ceva bahussutassa aniyatā gati, tava vā mama vā ko viseso’’tiādinā nayena uppajjamāno yugaggāhagāhī paḷāso. Paresaṃ sakkārādīni khīyanā issā. Attano sampattiyā parehi sādhāraṇabhāvaṃ asahamānaṃ macchariyaṃ. Vañcanikacariyabhūtā māyā. Kerāṭikabhāvena uppajjamānaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ. Kerāṭiko hi āyatanamaccho viya hoti. Āyatanamaccho nāma kira macchānaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ dasseti sappānaṃ sīsaṃ , ‘‘tumhehi sadiso aha’’nti jānāpetuṃ. Evameva kerāṭiko puggalo yaṃ yaṃ suttantikaṃ vā ābhidhammikaṃ vā upasaṅkamati, taṃ taṃ evaṃ vadati ‘‘ahaṃ tumhākaṃ baddhacaro, tumhe mayhaṃ anukampakā, nāhaṃ tumhe muñcāmī’’ti ‘‘evamete ‘sagāravo ayaṃ amhesu sappatisso’ti maññissantī’’ti. Tassetaṃ kerāṭikabhāvena uppajjamānaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ uppajjitvā cittaṃ dūseti, obhāsituṃ na deti. Tasmā ‘‘cittassa upakkileso’’ti vuccati.

Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ vātabharitabhastasadisathaddhabhāvapaggahitasiraanivātavuttikārakaraṇo thambho. Taduttarikaraṇo sārambho. So duvidhena labbhati akusalavasena ceva kusalavasena ca. Tattha agāriyassa parena kataṃ alaṅkārādiṃ disvā taddiguṇakaraṇena uppajjamāno, anagāriyassa ca yattakaṃ yattakaṃ paro pariyāpuṇāti vā katheti vā, mānavasena taddiguṇataddiguṇakaraṇena uppajjamāno akusalo. Agāriyassa pana paraṃ ekaṃ salākabhattaṃ dentaṃ disvā attanā dve vā tīṇi vā dātukāmatāya uppajjamāno, anagāriyassa ca parena ekanikāye gahite mānaṃ anissāya kevalaṃ taṃ disvā attanā ālasiyaṃ abhibhuyya dve nikāye gahetukāmatāya uppajjamāno kusalo. Idha pana akusalo adhippeto. Ayañhi uppajjitvā cittaṃ dūseti, obhāsituṃ na deti. Tasmā ‘‘cittassa upakkileso’’ti vuccati.

Yathā cāyaṃ, evaṃ jātiādīni nissāya cittassa uṇṇativasena pavattamāno māno, accuṇṇativasena atimāno, madaggahaṇākāro mado, kāmaguṇesu cittavossaggavasena uppajjamāno pamādo uppajjitvā cittaṃ dūseti, obhāsituṃ na deti. Tasmā ‘‘cittassa upakkileso’’ti vuccati.

Kasmā pana bhagavā upakkilesaṃ dassento lobhamādiṃ katvā dassetīti? Tassa paṭhamuppattito. Sabbasattānañhi yattha katthaci upapannānaṃ antamaso suddhāvāsabhūmiyampi sabbapaṭhamaṃ bhavanikantivasena lobho uppajjati, tato attano attano anurūpapaccayaṃ paṭicca yathāsambhavaṃ itare, na ca ete soḷaseva cittassa upakkilesā, etena pana nayena sabbepi kilesā gahitāyeva hontīti veditabbā.

Và này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là những cấu uế của tâm?

Abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso, byāpādo cittassa upakkileso, kodho cittassa upakkileso, upanāho cittassa upakkileso, makkho cittassa upakkileso, paḷāso cittassa upakkileso, issā cittassa upakkileso, macchariyaṃ cittassa upakkileso, māyā cittassa upakkileso, sāṭheyyaṃ cittassa upakkileso, thambho cittassa upakkileso, sārambho cittassa upakkileso, māno cittassa upakkileso, atimāno cittassa upakkileso, mado cittassa upakkileso, pamādo cittassa upakkileso.

72. ‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘byāpādo cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā byāpādaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati ; ‘kodho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā kodhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘upanāho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā upanāhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘makkho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā makkhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘paḷāso cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā paḷāsaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘issā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā issaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘macchariyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā macchariyaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘māyā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā māyaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘sāṭheyyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā sāṭheyyaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘thambho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā thambhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘sārambho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā sārambhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘māno cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā mānaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘atimāno cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atimānaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘mado cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā madaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati; ‘pamādo cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā pamādaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati.

72. Ettāvatā saṃkilesaṃ dassetvā idāni vodānaṃ dassento sa kho so, bhikkhavetiādimāha. Tattha iti viditvāti evaṃ jānitvā. Pajahatīti samucchedappahānavasena ariyamaggena pajahati. Tattha kilesapaṭipāṭiyā maggapaṭipāṭiyāti dvidhā pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kilesapaṭipāṭiyā tāva abhijjhāvisamalobho thambho sārambho māno atimāno madoti ime cha kilesā arahattamaggena pahīyanti. Byāpādo kodho upanāho pamādoti ime cattāro kilesā anāgāmimaggena pahīyanti. Makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sāṭheyyanti ime cha sotāpattimaggena pahīyantīti. Maggapaṭipāṭiyā pana, sotāpattimaggena makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sāṭheyyanti ime cha pahīyanti. Anāgāmimaggena byāpādo kodho upanāho pamādoti ime cattāro. Arahattamaggena abhijjhāvisamalobho thambho sārambho māno atimāno madoti ime cha pahīyantīti.

Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ime kilesā sotāpattimaggavajjhā vā hontu, sesamaggavajjhā vā, atha kho anāgāmimaggeneva pahānaṃ sandhāya ‘‘abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahatī’’tiādimāhāti veditabbā. Ayamettha paveṇimaggāgato sambhavo, so ca upari catutthamaggasseva niddiṭṭhattā yujjati, tatiyamaggena pahīnāvasesānañhi visamalobhādīnaṃ tena pahānaṃ hoti, sesānaṃ imināva. Yepi hi sotāpattimaggena pahīyanti, tepi taṃsamuṭṭhāpakacittānaṃ appahīnattā anāgāmimaggeneva suppahīnā hontīti. Keci pana paṭhamamaggena cettha pahānaṃ vaṇṇayanti, taṃ pubbāparena na sandhiyati. Keci vikkhambhanappahānampi, taṃ tesaṃ icchāmattameva.

73. ‘‘Yato kho [yato ca kho (sī. syā.)], bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ‘abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti, ‘byāpādo cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā byāpādo cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘kodho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā kodho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘upanāho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā upanāho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘makkho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā makkho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘paḷāso cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā paḷāso cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘issā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā issā cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘macchariyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā macchariyaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘māyā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā māyā cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘sāṭheyyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā sāṭheyyaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘thambho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā thambho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘sārambho cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā sārambho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘māno cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā māno cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘atimāno cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atimāno cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘mado cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā mado cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti; ‘pamādo cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā pamādo cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti.

73.Yatokho, bhikkhaveti ettha yatoti yamhi kāle. Pahīno hotīti anāgāmimaggakkhaṇe pahānaṃ sandhāyevāha.

74. ‘‘So buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti;

74.So buddhe aveccappasādenāti etaṃ ‘‘yato kho, bhikkhave, abhijjhāvisamalobho pahīno hoti, so buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hotī’’ti evaṃ ekamekena padena yojetabbaṃ. Imassa hi bhikkhuno anāgāmimaggena lokuttarappasādo āgato, athassa aparena samayena buddhaguṇe dhammaguṇe saṅghaguṇe ca anussarato lokiyo uppajjati, tamassa sabbampi lokiyalokuttaramissakaṃ pasādaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘buddhe aveccappasādenā’’tiādimāha.

Tattha aveccappasādenāti buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇānaṃ yāthāvato ñātattā acalena accutena pasādena. Idāni yathā tassa bhikkhuno anussarato so aveccappasādo uppanno, taṃ vidhiṃ dassento ‘‘itipi so bhagavā’’tiādinā nayena tīṇi anussatiṭṭhānāni vitthāresi. Tesaṃ atthavaṇṇanā sabbākārena visuddhimagge anussatikathāyaṃ vuttā.

dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti;

saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni, aṭṭha purisapuggalā.

Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo , anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti.

75. ‘‘Yathodhi [yatodhi (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhantaraṃ)] kho panassa cattaṃ hoti vantaṃ muttaṃ pahīnaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, so ‘buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatomhī’ti labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati;

75. Evamassa lokiyalokuttaramissakaṃ pasādaṃ dassetvā idāni kilesappahānaṃ aveccappasādasamannāgatañca paccavekkhato uppajjamānaṃ somanassādiānisaṃsaṃ dassento yathodhi kho panassātiādimāha. Anāgāmissa hi paccante vuṭṭhitaṃ corupaddavaṃ vūpasametvā taṃ paccavekkhato mahānagare vasantassa rañño viya ime cime ca mama kilesā pahīnāti attano kilesappahānaṃ paccavekkhato balavasomanassaṃ uppajjati. Taṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘yathodhi kho panassā’’tiādimāha.

Tassattho – yvāyaṃ anāgāmī bhikkhu evaṃ ‘‘buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti…pe… dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti, tassa yathodhi kho cattaṃ hoti paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, sakasakaodhivasena cattameva hoti, taṃ taṃ kilesajātaṃ vantaṃ muttaṃ pahīnaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ. Sakasakaodhivasenāti dve odhī kilesodhi ca maggodhi ca. Tattha kilesodhivasenāpi ye kilesā yaṃ maggavajjhā, te aññamaggavajjhehi amissā hutvā sakeneva odhinā pahīnā. Maggodhivasenāpi ye kilesā yena maggena pahātabbā, tena teyeva pahīnā honti. Evaṃ sakasakaodhivasena taṃ taṃ kilesajātaṃ cattameva hoti paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ paccavekkhitvā ca laddhasomanasso tatuttaripi so ‘‘buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatomhī’’ti labhati atthavedanti sambandho.

Yatodhi khotipi pāṭho. Tassa vasena ayamattho, assa bhikkhuno yatodhi kho pana cattaṃ hoti paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ. Tattha yatoti kāraṇavacanaṃ, yasmāti vuttaṃ hoti. Odhīti heṭṭhā tayo maggā vuccanti. Kasmā? Te hi odhiṃ katvā koṭṭhāsaṃ katvā uparimaggena pahātabbakilese ṭhapetvā pajahanti, tasmā odhīti vuccanti. Arahattamaggo pana kiñci kilesaṃ anavasesetvā pajahati, tasmā anodhīti vuccati. Imassa ca bhikkhuno heṭṭhāmaggattayena cattaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yatodhi kho panassa cattaṃ hotī’’ti. Tattha kho panāti nipātamattaṃ. Ayaṃ pana piṇḍattho. Yasmā assa odhi cattaṃ hoti paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, tasmā taṃ paccavekkhitvā ca laddhasomanasso tatuttaripi so ‘‘buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatomhī’’ti labhati atthavedanti yathāpāḷi netabbaṃ.

Tattha cattanti idaṃ sakabhāvapariccajanavasena vuttaṃ. Vantanti idaṃ pana anādiyanabhāvadassanavasena. Muttanti idaṃ santatito vinimocanavasena. Pahīnanti idaṃ muttassapi kvaci anavaṭṭhānadassanavasena. Paṭinissaṭṭhanti idaṃ pubbe ādinnapubbassa paṭinissaggadassanavasena paṭimukhaṃ vā nissaṭṭhabhāvadassanavasena bhāvanābalena abhibhuyya nissaṭṭhabhāvadassanavasenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Labhati atthavedaṃ labhati dhammavedanti ettha buddhādīsu aveccappasādoyeva araṇīyato attho, upagantabbatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Dhāraṇato dhammo, vinipatituṃ appadānatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Vedoti ganthopi ñāṇampi somanassampi. ‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.256) hi gantho ‘‘vedo’’ti vuccati. ‘‘Yaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vedagumābhijaññā, akiñcanaṃ kāmabhāve asatta’’ntiādīsu (su. ni. 1065) ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Ye vedajātā vicaranti loke’’tiādīsu somanassaṃ. Idha pana somanassañca somanassasampayuttañāṇañca adhippetaṃ, tasmā ‘‘labhati atthavedaṃ labhati dhammavedanti aveccappasādārammaṇasomanassañca somanassamayañāṇañca labhatī’’ti evamettha attho veditabbo.

Atha vā atthavedanti aveccappasādaṃ paccavekkhato uppannaṃ vuttappakārameva vedaṃ. Dhammavedanti aveccappasādassa hetuṃ odhiso kilesappahānaṃ paccavekkhato uppannaṃ vuttappakārameva vedanti evampi ettha attho veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718-719). Dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjanti tameva atthañca dhammañca atthadhammānisaṃsabhūtaṃ vedañca paccavekkhato uppannaṃ pāmojjaṃ. Tañhi anavajjalakkhaṇena paccavekkhaṇākārappavattena dhammena upasañhitanti vuccati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyatīti iminā pāmojjena pamuditassa nirāmisā pīti jāyati. Pītimanassāti tāya pītiyā pīṇitamanassa. Kāyo passambhatīti kāyopi passaddho hoti vūpasantadaratho. Passaddhakāyo sukhanti evaṃ vūpasantakāyadaratho cetasikaṃ sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Cittaṃ samādhiyatīti cittaṃ sammā ādhiyati appitaṃ viya acalaṃ tiṭṭhati.

‘dhamme…pe… saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatomhī’ti labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ; pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati.

Vị ấy tự nghĩ: "Ta thành tựu lòng tin tuyệt đối đối với Tăng", và chứng được nghĩa tín thọ, chứng được pháp tín thọ, chứng được hân hoan liên hệ đến pháp; từ hân hoan hỷ sanh; từ hỷ, thân được khinh an, thân khinh an, cảm giác được lạc thọ; với lạc thọ, tâm được Thiền định.

‘Yathodhi kho pana me cattaṃ vantaṃ muttaṃ pahīnaṃ paṭinissaṭṭha’nti labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ; pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati.

76. ‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃsīlo evaṃdhammo evaṃpañño sālīnaṃ cepi piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjati vicitakāḷakaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ, nevassa taṃ hoti antarāyāya.

76. Evamassa kilesappahānaṃ aveccappasādasamannāgataṃ paccavekkhato uppajjamānaṃ somanassādiānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā idāni ‘‘yathodhi kho pana me’’ti vārena tassa paccavekkhaṇāya pavattākāraṃ pakāsetvā tasseva anāgāmimaggānubhāvasūcakaṃ phalaṃ dassento sa kho so, bhikkhavetiādimāha.

Tattha evaṃsīloti tassa anāgāmimaggasampayuttaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ dasseti. Evaṃdhammo evaṃpaññoti taṃsampayuttameva samādhikkhandhaṃ paññākkhandhañca dasseti. Sālīnanti lohitasāligandhasāliādīnaṃ anekarūpānaṃ. Piṇḍapātanti odanaṃ. Vicitakāḷakanti apanītakāḷakaṃ. Nevassa taṃ hoti antarāyāyāti tassa evaṃvidhassa bhikkhuno taṃ vuttappakārapiṇḍapātabhojanaṃ maggassa vā phalassa vā neva antarāyāya hoti, paṭiladdhaguṇassa hi taṃ kimantarāyaṃ karissati? Yopissa appaṭiladdho catutthamaggo ca phalaṃ ca tappaṭilābhāya vipassanaṃ ārabhatopi nevassa taṃ hoti antarāyāya, antarāyaṃ kātuṃ asamatthameva hoti. Kasmā? Vuttappakārasīladhammapaññāsaṅgahena maggena visuddhacittattā.

Yasmā cettha etadeva kāraṇaṃ, tasmā tadanurūpaṃ upamaṃ dassento seyyathāpītiādimāha.

Tattha acchanti vippasannaṃ. Parisuddhaṃ malavigamena. Pariyodātaṃ pabhassaratāya. Ukkāmukhanti suvaṇṇakārānaṃ mūsāmukhaṃ. Suvaṇṇakārānaṃ mūsā hi idha ukkā, aññattha pana dīpikādayopi vuccanti. ‘‘Ukkāsu dhārīyamānāsū’’ti (dī. ni. 1.159) hi āgataṭṭhāne dīpikā ‘‘ukkā’’ti vuccati. ‘‘Ukkaṃ bandheyya, ukkaṃ bandhitvā ukkāmukhaṃ ālimpeyyā’’ti (ma. ni. 3.360) āgataṭṭhāne aṅgārakapallaṃ. ‘‘Kammārānaṃ yathā ukkā, anto jhāyati no bahī’’ti (jā. 2.22.649) āgataṭṭhāne kammāruddhanaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃvipāko ukkāpāto bhavissatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.24) āgataṭṭhāne vātavego ‘‘ukkā’’ti vuccati. Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne aññesu ca evarūpesu ‘‘saṇḍāsena jātarūpaṃ gahetvā ukkāmukhe pakkhipatī’’ti āgataṭṭhānesu suvaṇṇakārānaṃ mūsā ‘‘ukkā’’ti veditabbā.

Tatrāyaṃ upamāsaṃsandanā – saṃkiliṭṭhavatthaṃ viya hi saṃkiliṭṭhajātarūpaṃ viya ca imassa bhikkhuno puthujjanakāle kāmarāgādimalānugataṃ cittaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Acchodakaṃ viya ukkāmukhaṃ viya ca anāgāmimaggo. Taṃ udakaṃ ukkāmukhañca āgamma vatthasuvaṇṇānaṃ parisuddhatā viya tassa bhikkhuno vuttappakārasīladhammapaññāsaṅgahaṃ anāgāmimaggaṃ āgamma visuddhacittatāti.

Này các Tỷ-kheo, vị Tỷ-kheo, giới như vậy, pháp như vậy, tuệ như vậy, - nếu có ăn đồ khất thực với gạo thơm, hạt đen được vất đi, với các món canh, với các món ăn khác cũng không vì vậy trở thành một chướng ngại cho vị ấy.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vatthaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ malaggahitaṃ acchodakaṃ āgamma parisuddhaṃ hoti pariyodātaṃ , ukkāmukhaṃ vā panāgamma jātarūpaṃ parisuddhaṃ hoti pariyodātaṃ, evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃsīlo evaṃdhammo evaṃpañño sālīnaṃ cepi piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjati vicitakāḷakaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ , nevassa taṃ hoti antarāyāya.

77. ‘‘So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ [catutthiṃ (sī. pī.)].

77.So mettāsahagatena cetasāti yathānusandhivasena desanā āgatā. Tayo hi anusandhī pucchānusandhi ajjhāsayānusandhi yathānusandhīti. Tattha ‘‘evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘siyā nu kho, bhante, bahiddhā asati paritassanā’ti? ‘Siyā bhikkhū’ti bhagavā avocā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.242). Evaṃ pucchantānaṃ vissajjitasuttavasena pucchānusandhi veditabbo. ‘‘Siyā kho pana te brāhmaṇa evamassa, ajjāpi nūna samaṇo gotamo avītarāgo’’ti (ma. ni. 1.55) evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā vuttassa suttassa vasena ajjhāsayānusandhi veditabbo. Yena pana dhammena ādimhi desanā uṭṭhitā, tassa dhammassa anurūpadhammavasena vā paṭipakkhavasena vā yesu suttesu upari desanā āgacchati, tesaṃ vasena yathānusandhi veditabbo . Seyyathidaṃ, ākaṅkheyyasutte heṭṭhā sīlena desanā uṭṭhitā, upari cha abhiññā āgatā. Kakacūpame heṭṭhā akkhantiyā uṭṭhitā, upari kakacūpamovādo āgato. Alagadde heṭṭhā diṭṭhiparidīpanena uṭṭhitā, upari tiparivaṭṭasuññatāpakāsanā āgatā, cūḷaassapure heṭṭhā kilesaparidīpanena uṭṭhitā, upari brahmavihārā āgatā. Kosambiyasutte heṭṭhā bhaṇḍanena uṭṭhitā, upari sāraṇīyadhammā āgatā. Imasmimpi vatthasutte heṭṭhā kilesaparidīpanena uṭṭhitā, upari brahmavihārā āgatā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yathānusandhivasena desanā āgatā’’ti. Brahmavihāresu pana anupadavaṇṇanā ca bhāvanānayo ca sabbo sabbākārena visuddhimagge vutto.

Vị ấy an trú, biến mãn một phương với tâm câu hữu với từ, cũng vậy phương thứ hai, cũng vậy phương thứ ba, cũng vậy phương thứ tư.

Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati;

karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati.

78. ‘‘So ‘atthi idaṃ, atthi hīnaṃ, atthi paṇītaṃ, atthi imassa saññāgatassa uttariṃ nissaraṇa’nti pajānāti.

78. Evaṃ bhagavā abhijjhādīnaṃ upakkilesānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sabbaso ca kāmarāgabyāpādappahānena vihatapaccatthikattā laddhapadaṭṭhānaṃ tassa anāgāmino brahmavihārabhāvanaṃ dassetvā idānissa arahattāya vipassanaṃ dassetvā arahattappattiṃ dassetuṃ so atthi idantiādimāha.

Tassattho – so anāgāmī evaṃ bhāvitabrahmavihāro etesaṃ brahmavihārānaṃ yato kutoci vuṭṭhāya te eva brahmavihāradhamme nāmavasena tesaṃ nissayaṃ hadayavatthuṃ vatthunissayāni bhūtānīti iminā nayena bhūtupādāyadhamme rūpavasena ca vavatthapetvā atthi idanti pajānāti, ettāvatānena dukkhasaccavavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tato tassa dukkhassa samudayaṃ paṭivijjhanto atthi hīnanti pajānāti, ettāvatānena samudayasaccavavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tato tassa pahānupāyaṃ vicinanto atthi paṇītanti pajānāti, ettāvatānena maggasaccavavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tato tena maggena adhigantabbaṭṭhānaṃ vicinanto atthi uttari imassa saññāgatassa nissaraṇanti pajānāti, imassa mayā adhigatassa brahmavihārasaññāgatassa uttari nissaraṇaṃ nibbānaṃ atthīti evaṃ pajānātīti adhippāyo, ettāvatānena nirodhasaccavavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passatoti tassa vipassanāpaññāya evaṃ catūhi ākārehi cattāri saccāni jānato, maggapaññāya evaṃ passato, bhayabherave vuttanayeneva kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati…pe… itthattāyāti pajānātīti.

Evaṃ yāva arahattā desanaṃ pāpetvā idāni yasmā tassaṃ parisati nhānasuddhiko brāhmaṇo nisinno, so evaṃ nhānasuddhiyā vaṇṇaṃ vuccamānaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇissatīti bhagavatā vidito, tasmā tassa codanatthāya ‘‘ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sināto antarena sinānenā’’ti imaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ anusandhimāha. Tattha antarena sinānenāti abbhantarena kilesavuṭṭhānasinānena.

Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti . Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘bhikkhu sināto antarena sinānenā’’’ti.

79. Tena kho pana samayena sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti. Atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

79.Sundarikabhāradvājoti bhāradvājo nāma so brāhmaṇo attano gottavasena, sundarikāya pana nadiyā sinātassa pāpappahānaṃ hotīti ayamassa diṭṭhi, tasmā ‘‘sundarikabhāradvājo’’ti vuccati. So taṃ bhagavato vacanaṃ sutvā cintesi ‘‘mayaṃ sinānasuddhiṃ vaṇṇema, samaṇopi gotamo tatheva vaṇṇeti, samānacchando dāni esa amhehī’’ti. Atha bhagavantaṃ bāhukaṃ nadiṃ gantvā taṃ tattha pāpaṃ pavāhetvā āgataṃ viya maññamāno āha ‘‘gacchati pana bhavaṃ gotamo bāhukaṃ nadiṃ sināyitu’’nti? Bhagavā tassa gacchāmīti vā na gacchāmīti vā avatvāyeva brāhmaṇassa diṭṭhisamugghātaṃ kattukāmo ‘‘kiṃ brāhmaṇa bāhukāya nadiyā , kiṃ bāhukā nadī karissatī’’ti āha. Tassattho kiṃ payojanaṃ bāhukāya, kiṃ sā karissati? Asamatthā sā kassaci atthāya, kiṃ tattha gamissāmīti?

Atha brāhmaṇo taṃ pasaṃsanto lokkhasammatātiādimāha. Tattha lokkhasammatāti lūkhabhāvasammatā, lūkhabhāvanti cokkhabhāvaṃ, visuddhibhāvaṃ detīti evaṃ sammatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Lokyasammatātipi pāṭho. Tassattho, seṭṭhaṃ lokaṃ gamayatīti evaṃ sammatāti. Puññasammatāti puññanti sammatā. Pavāhetīti gamayati visodheti. Gāthāhi ajjhabhāsīti gāthāhi abhāsi. Gāthā ca vuccamānā tadatthadīpanatthameva vā gāthārucikānaṃ vuccati, visesatthadīpanatthaṃ vā. Idha panetā ubhayatthadīpanatthaṃ vuttāti veditabbā.

Bāhukanti idameva hi ettha vacanaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ, sesāni visesatthadīpakāni. Yatheva hi bāhukaṃ, evaṃ adhikakkādīnipi loko gacchati nhānena pāpaṃ pavāhetuṃ. Tattha ye tesaṃ ṭhānānaṃ āsannā honti, te divasassa tikkhattuṃ nhāyanti. Ye dūrā, te yathākkamaṃ dvikkhattuṃ sakiṃ ekadivasantaraṃ, evaṃ yāva saṃvaccharantaraṃ nhāyanti. Ye pana sabbathāpi gantuṃ na sakkonti, te ghaṭehipi tato udakaṃ āharāpetvā nhāyanti. Sabbañcetaṃ niratthakaṃ, tasmā imaṃ visesatthaṃ dīpetuṃ adhikakkādīnipīti āha.

Tattha adhikakkanti nhānasambhāravasena laddhavohāraṃ ekaṃ titthaṃ vuccati. Gayātipi maṇḍalavāpisaṇṭhānaṃ titthameva vuccati. Payāgāti etampi gaṅgāya ekaṃ titthameva mahāpanādassa rañño gaṅgāyaṃ nimuggapāsādassa sopānasammukhaṭṭhānaṃ, bāhukā sundarikā sarassatī bāhumatīti imā pana catasso nadiyo. Bāloti duppañño. Pakkhandoti pavisanto. Na sujjhatīti kilesasuddhiṃ na pāpuṇāti, kevalaṃ rajojallameva pavāheti.

Kiṃ sundarikā karissatīti sundarikā kilesavisodhane kiṃ karissati? Na kiñci kātuṃ samatthāti adhippāyo. Esa nayo payāgabāhukāsu. Imehi ca tīhi padehi vuttehi itarānipi cattāri lakkhaṇāhāranayena vuttāneva honti, tasmā yatheva sundarikā payāgā bāhukā na kiñci karonti, tathā adhikakkādayopīti veditabbā.

Verinti pāṇātipātādipañcaverasamannāgataṃ. Katakibbisanti kataluddakammaṃ. Na hi naṃ sodhayeti sundarikā vā payāgā vā bāhukā vā na sodhaye, na sodhetīti vuttaṃ hoti. Pāpakamminanti pāpakehi verakibbisakammehi yuttaṃ, lāmakakamme yuttaṃ vā verakibbisabhāvaṃ appattehi khuddakehipi pāpehi yuttanti vuttaṃ hoti.

Suddhassāti nikkilesassa. Sadā phaggūti niccampi phaggunīnakkhattameva. Phaggunamāse kira ‘‘uttaraphaggunadivase yo nhāyati, so saṃvaccharaṃ katapāpaṃ sodhetī’’ti evaṃ diṭṭhiko so brāhmaṇo, tenassa bhagavā taṃ diṭṭhiṃ paṭihananto āha ‘‘suddhassa ve sadā phaggū’’ti. Nikkilesassa niccaṃ phaggunīnakkhattaṃ, itaro kiṃ sujjhatīti? Uposatho sadāti suddhassa ca cātuddasapannarasādīsu uposathaṅgāni asamādiyatopi niccameva uposatho. Suddhassa sucikammassāti nikkilesatāya suddhassa sucīhi ca kāyakammādīhi samannāgatassa. Sadā sampajjate vatanti īdisassa ca kusalūpasañhitaṃ vatasamādānampi niccaṃ sampannameva hotīti. Idheva sināhīti imasmiṃyeva mama sāsane sināhi. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? ‘‘Sace ajjhattikakilesamalappavāhanaṃ icchasi, idheva mama sāsane aṭṭhaṅgikamaggasalilena sināhi, aññatra hi idaṃ natthī’’ti.

Idānissa sappāyadesanāvasena tīsupi dvāresu suddhiṃ dassento sabbabhūtesu karohi khematantiādimāha. Tattha khematanti abhayaṃ hitabhāvaṃ, mettanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etenassa manodvārasuddhi dassitā hoti.

Sace musā na bhaṇasīti etenassa vacīdvārasuddhi. Sace pāṇaṃ na hiṃsasi sace adinnaṃ nādiyasīti etehi kāyadvārasuddhi. Saddahāno amaccharīti etehi pana naṃ evaṃ parisuddhadvāraṃ saddhāsampadāya cāgasampadāya ca niyojesi. Kiṃ kāhasi gayaṃ gantvā, udapānopi te gayāti ayaṃ pana upaḍḍhagāthā, sace sabbabhūtesu khemataṃ karissasi, musā na bhaṇissasi, pāṇaṃ na hanissasi, adinnaṃ nādiyissasi, saddhahāno amaccharī bhavissasi, kiṃ kāhasi gayaṃ gantvā udapānopi te gayā , gayāyapi hi te nhāyantassa udapānepi imāya eva paṭipattiyā kilesasuddhi, sarīramalasuddhi pana ubhayattha samāti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Yasmā ca loke gayā sammatatarā, tasmā tassa bhagavā ‘‘gacchati pana bhavaṃ gotamo bāhuka’’nti puṭṭhopi ‘‘kiṃ kāhasi bāhukaṃ gantvā’’ti avatvā ‘‘kiṃ kāhasi gayaṃ gantvā’’ti āhāti veditabbo.

‘‘gacchati pana bhavaṃ gotamo bāhukaṃ nadiṃ sināyitu’’nti?

‘‘Kiṃ, brāhmaṇa, bāhukāya nadiyā? Kiṃ bāhukā nadī karissatī’’ti?

-- Này Bà-la-môn, sông Bahuka là gì? Sông Bahuka có làm được lợi ích gì?

‘‘Lokkhasammatā [lokhyasammatā (sī.), mokkhasammatā (pī.)] hi, bho gotama, bāhukā nadī bahujanassa, puññasammatā hi, bho gotama, bāhukā nadī bahujanassa, bāhukāya pana nadiyā bahujano pāpakammaṃ kataṃ pavāhetī’’ti.

Atha kho bhagavā sundarikabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –

‘‘Bāhukaṃ adhikakkañca, gayaṃ sundarikaṃ mapi [sundarikāmapi (sī. syā. pī.), sundarikaṃ mahiṃ (itipi)];

Sarassatiṃ payāgañca, atho bāhumatiṃ nadiṃ;

Niccampi bālo pakkhando [pakkhanno (sī. syā. pī.)], kaṇhakammo na sujjhati.

‘‘Kiṃ sundarikā karissati, kiṃ payāgā [payāgo (sī. syā. pī.)] kiṃ bāhukā nadī;

Veriṃ katakibbisaṃ naraṃ, na hi naṃ sodhaye pāpakamminaṃ.

‘‘Suddhassa ve sadā phaggu, suddhassuposatho sadā;

Suddhassa sucikammassa, sadā sampajjate vataṃ;

Idheva sināhi brāhmaṇa, sabbabhūtesu karohi khemataṃ.

‘‘Sace musā na bhaṇasi, sace pāṇaṃ na hiṃsasi;

Sace adinnaṃ nādiyasi, saddahāno amaccharī;

Kiṃ kāhasi gayaṃ gantvā, udapānopi te gayā’’ti.

Sông Sundarikà
Có thể làm được gì?
Payàga làm gì?
Cả sông Bàhukà?
Không thể rửa nghiệp đen
Của kẻ ác gây tội.

Ðối kẻ sống thanh tịnh,
Ngày nào cũng ngày tốt,
Với kẻ sống thanh tịnh,
Ngày nào cũng ngày lành,

Các tịnh nghiệp thanh tịnh,
Luôn thành tựu thiện hạnh.
Này vị Bà-la-môn,
Chỉ nên tắm ở đây,
Khiến mọi loài chúng sanh,
Ðược sống trong an ổn.
Nếu không nói dối trá,
Nếu không hại chúng sanh,
Không lấy của không cho,
Có lòng tín, không tham,
Ði Gayà làm gì,
Gayà một giếng nước?

80. Evaṃ vutte, sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

80.Evaṃ vutteti evamādi bhayabherave vuttattā pākaṭameva. Eko vūpakaṭṭhotiādīsu pana eko kāyavivekena . Vūpakaṭṭho cittavivekena. Appamatto kammaṭṭhāne sati avijahanena. Ātāpī kāyikacetasikavīriyasaṅkhātena ātāpena. Pahitatto kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya. Viharanto aññatarairiyāpathavihārena. Nacirassevāti pabbajjaṃ upādāya vuccati. Kulaputtāti duvidhā kulaputtā jātikulaputtā ca ācārakulaputtā ca, ayaṃ pana ubhayathāpi kulaputto. Agārasmāti gharā. Agārassa hitaṃ agāriyaṃ, kasigorakkhādikuṭumbaposanakammaṃ vuccati, natthi ettha agāriyanti anagāriyaṃ, pabbajjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pabbajantīti upagacchanti upasaṅkamanti. Tadanuttaranti taṃ anuttaraṃ. Brahmacariyapariyosānanti maggabrahmacariyassa pariyosānaṃ, arahattaphalanti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa hi atthāya kulaputtā pabbajanti. Diṭṭheva dhammeti tasmiṃyeva attabhāve. Sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvāti attanāyeva paññāya paccakkhaṃ katvā, aparappaccayaṃ katvāti attho. Upasampajja vihāsīti pāpuṇitvā sampādetvā vihāsīti, evaṃ viharanto ca khīṇā jāti…pe… abbhaññāsi. Etenassa paccavekkhaṇabhūmiṃ dasseti.

Katamā panassa jāti khīṇā? Kathañca naṃ abbhaññāsīti? Vuccate, kāmañcetaṃ bhayabheravepi vuttaṃ, tathāpi naṃ idha paṭhamapurisavasena yojanānayassa dassanatthaṃ puna saṅkhepato bhaṇāma. Na tāvassa atītā jāti khīṇā, pubbeva khīṇattā. Na anāgatā, tattha vāyāmābhāvato. Na paccuppannā, vijjamānattā. Maggassa pana abhāvitattā yā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhedā jāti, sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā, taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā kilesābhāve vijjamānampi kammaṃ āyatiṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ hotīti jānanto jānāti.

Vusitanti vutthaṃ parivutthaṃ, kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Brahmacariyanti maggabrahmacariyaṃ. Kataṃ karaṇīyanti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Nāparaṃ itthattāyāti idāni punaitthabhāvāya evaṃsoḷasakiccabhāvāya, kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanā natthīti. Atha vā, itthattāyāti itthabhāvato imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā aparaṃ khandhasantānaṃ natthi. Ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti, chinnamūlako rukkho viyāti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroti eko. Arahatanti arahantānaṃ, bhagavato sāvakānaṃ arahataṃ abbhantaro ahosīti.

Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya

Vatthasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti.

Alattha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā bhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭhevadhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti.

Vatthasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.