|
51.
‘‘Pabhassaramidaṃ , bhikkhave, cittaṃ. Tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi
upakkiliṭṭhaṃ. Taṃ assutavā puthujjano yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tasmā
‘assutavato puthujjanassa cittabhāvanā natthī’ti vadāmī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
|
51. Chaṭṭhassa
paṭhame taṃ assutavā puthujjanoti
taṃ bhavaṅgacittaṃ sutavirahito puthujjano. Tattha āgamādhigamābhāvā
ñeyyo assutavā iti. Yo hi idaṃ suttaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya atthavasena
upaparikkhanto ‘‘idaṃ bhavaṅgacittaṃ nāma pakatiparisuddhampi
javanakkhaṇe uppannehi lobhādīhi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭha’’nti neva
āgamavasena na adhigamavasena jānāti, yassa ca
khandhadhātuāyatanapaccayākārasatipaṭṭhānādīsu
uggahaparipucchāvinicchayavirahitattā yathābhūtañāṇapaṭivedhasādhako
neva āgamo, paṭipattiyā adhigantabbassa anadhigatattā na adhigamo atthi.
So āgamādhigamābhāvā ñeyyo assutavā iti. Svāyaṃ –
‘‘Puthūnaṃ
jananādīhi, kāraṇehi puthujjano;
Puthujjanantogadhattā,
puthuvāyaṃ jano iti’’.
So
hi puthūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi
puthujjano. Yathāha –
‘‘Puthu kilese
janentīti puthujjanā, puthu avihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikāti puthujjanā, puthu
satthārānaṃ mukhullokikāti puthujjanā, puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti
puthujjanā, puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontīti puthujjanā, puthu
nānāoghehi vuyhantīti puthujjanā, puthu nānāsantāpehi santappantīti
puthujjanā, puthu nānāpariḷāhehi pariḍayhantīti puthujjanā, puthu
pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rattā giddhā gadhitā mucchitā ajjhopannā laggā
laggitā palibuddhāti puthujjanā, puthu pañcahi nīvaraṇehi āvutā nivutā
ovutā pihitā paṭicchannā paṭikujjitāti puthujjanā’’ti (mahāni. 51, 94).
Puthūnaṃ vā
gaṇanapathamatītānaṃ ariyadhammaparammukhānaṃ nīcadhammasamācārānaṃ
janānaṃ antogadhattāpi puthujjano, puthu vā ayaṃ visuṃyeva saṅkhaṃ gato,
visaṃsaṭṭho sīlasutādiguṇayuttehi ariyehi janoti puthujjano. Evametehi
‘‘assutavā puthujjano’’ti dvīhi padehi ye te –
‘‘Duve
puthujjanā vuttā, buddhenādiccabandhunā;
Andho puthujjano eko,
kalyāṇeko puthujjano’’ti. –
Dve puthujjanā vuttā,
tesu andhaputhujjano vutto hotīti veditabbo.
Yathābhūtaṃ nappajānātīti
‘‘idañca bhavaṅgacittaṃ evaṃ āgantukehi
upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ nāma hoti, evaṃ vippamuttaṃ nāmā’’ti
yathāsabhāvato na jānāti. Tasmāti yasmā na
jānāti, tasmā. Cittabhāvanā natthīti
cittaṭṭhiti cittapariggaho natthi, natthibhāveneva ‘‘natthī’’ti vadāmīti
dasseti.
|
1. - Tâm này, này các Tỷ-kheo, là sáng
chói. Và tâm này bị ô nhiễm bởi các cấu uế từ ngoài vào. Kẻ phàm phu ít
nghe, không như thật rõ biết tâm ấy. Do vậy, Ta nói rằng tâm kẻ phàm phu
ít nghe, không được tu tập.
|
|
53.
‘‘Accharāsaṅghātamattampi ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettācittaṃ
[mettaṃ cittaṃ (sī.), mettacittaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī.
ka.)] āsevati; ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘bhikkhu arittajjhāno
viharati satthusāsanakaro ovādapatikaro, amoghaṃ raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati’.
Ko pana vādo ye naṃ bahulīkarontī’’ti! Tatiyaṃ.
|
53. Tatiyaṃ aṭṭhuppattiyaṃ
kathitaṃ. Katarāyaṃ pana aṭṭhuppattiyaṃ?
Aggikkhandhopamasuttantaaṭṭhuppattiyaṃ. Bhagavā kira ekasmiṃ samaye
sāvatthiṃ upanissāya jetavanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Buddhānañca yattha
katthaci paṭivasantānaṃ pañcavidhaṃ kiccaṃ
avijahitameva hoti. Pañca hi buddhakiccāni – purebhattakiccaṃ,
pacchābhattakiccaṃ, purimayāmakiccaṃ, majjhimayāmakiccaṃ,
pacchimayāmakiccanti.
Tatridaṃ
purebhattakiccaṃ – bhagavā hi pātova vuṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākānuggahatthaṃ
sarīraphāsukatthañca mukhadhovanādisarīraparikammaṃ
katvā yāva bhikkhācāravelā tāva vivittāsane vītināmetvā
bhikkhācāravelāya nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā
pattamādāya kadāci ekakova, kadāci bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto gāmaṃ vā
nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati kadāci pakatiyā, kadāci anekehi pāṭihāriyehi
vattamānehi. Seyyathidaṃ – piṇḍāya pavisato lokanāthassa purato purato
gantvā mudugatavātā pathaviṃ sodhenti, valāhakā udakaphusitāni muñcantā
magge reṇuṃ vūpasametvā upari vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti, apare vātā
pupphāni upasaṃharitvā magge okiranti, unnatā
bhūmippadesā onamanti, onatā unnamanti, pādanikkhepasamaye samāva bhūmi
hoti, sukhasamphassāni padumapupphāni vā pāde sampaṭicchanti.
Indakhīlassa anto ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde sarīrato chabbaṇṇarasmiyo
nikkhamitvā suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viya citrapaṭaparikkhittāni viya ca
pāsādakūṭāgārādīni alaṅkarontiyo ito cito ca dhāvanti,
hatthiassavihaṅgādayo sakasakaṭṭhānesu ṭhitāyeva madhurenākārena saddaṃ
karonti, tathā bherivīṇādīni tūriyāni manussānañca kāyūpagāni
ābharaṇāni. Tena saññāṇena manussā jānanti ‘‘ajja bhagavā idha piṇḍāya
paviṭṭho’’ti. Te sunivatthā supārutā gandhapupphādīni ādāya gharā
nikkhamitvā antaravīthiṃ paṭipajjitvā bhagavantaṃ gandhapupphādīhi
sakkaccaṃ pūjetvā vanditvā ‘‘amhākaṃ, bhante, dasa
bhikkhū, amhākaṃ vīsati, paññāsaṃ…pe… sataṃ dethā’’ti yācitvā
bhagavatopi pattaṃ gahetvā āsanaṃ paññāpetvā sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapātena
paṭimānenti. Bhagavā katabhattakicco tesaṃ upanissayacittasantānāni
oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ deseti, yathā keci saraṇagamanesu patiṭṭhahanti,
keci pañcasu sīlesu, keci sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiphalānaṃ
aññatarasmiṃ, keci pabbajitvā aggaphale arahatteti. Evaṃ mahājanaṃ
anuggahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ gacchati. Tattha gantvā
gandhamaṇḍalamāḷe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdati bhikkhūnaṃ
bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno. Tato bhikkhūnaṃ
bhattakiccapariyosāne upaṭṭhāko bhagavato nivedeti. Atha bhagavā
gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati. Idaṃ tāva purebhattakiccaṃ.
Atha bhagavā evaṃ
katapurebhattakicco gandhakuṭiyā upaṭṭhāne nisīditvā pāde pakkhāletvā
pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadati – ‘‘bhikkhave, appamādena
sampādetha, dullabho buddhuppādo lokasmiṃ, dullabho manussattapaṭilābho,
dullabhā khaṇasampatti, dullabhā pabbajjā, dullabhaṃ
saddhammassavana’’nti. Tattha keci bhagavantaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti.
Bhagavā tesaṃ cariyānurūpaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ deti.
Tato sabbepi bhagavantaṃ vanditvā attano attano rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānāni
gacchanti. Keci araññaṃ, keci rukkhamūlaṃ, keci pabbatādīnaṃ aññataraṃ,
keci cātumahārājikabhavanaṃ…pe… keci vasavattibhavananti
. Tato bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā sace
ākaṅkhati, dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno muhuttaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ
kappeti. Atha samassāsitakāyo uṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge lokaṃ voloketi.
Tatiyabhāge yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati, tattha mahājano
purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ sunivattho
supāruto gandhapupphādīni ādāya vihāre sannipatati. Tato bhagavā
sampattaparisāya anurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā dhammasabhāyaṃ
paññattavarabuddhāsane nisajja dhammaṃ deseti kālayuttaṃ samayayuttaṃ,
atha kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti, manussā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā
pakkamanti. Idaṃ pacchābhattakiccaṃ.
So evaṃ
niṭṭhitapacchābhattakicco sace gattāni osiñcitukāmo hoti, buddhāsanā
uṭṭhāya nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā upaṭṭhākena paṭiyāditaudakena gattāni
utuṃ gaṇhāpeti. Upaṭṭhākopi buddhāsanaṃ ānetvā gandhakuṭipariveṇe
paññapeti. Bhagavā surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā
uttarāsaṅgaṃ ekaṃsaṃ katvā tattha āgantvā nisīdati ekakova muhuttaṃ
paṭisallīno, atha bhikkhū tato tato āgamma bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ
āgacchanti. Tattha ekacce pañhaṃ pucchanti, ekacce kammaṭṭhānaṃ, ekacce
dhammassavanaṃ yācanti. Bhagavā tesaṃ adhippāyaṃ sampādento purimayāmaṃ
vitināmeti. Idaṃ purimayāmakiccaṃ.
Purimayāmakiccapariyosāne pana bhikkhūsu bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pakkantesu
sakaladasasahassilokadhātudevatāyo okāsaṃ labhamānā bhagavantaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso
caturakkharampi. Bhagavā tāsaṃ devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento
majjhimayāmaṃ vītināmeti. Idaṃ majjhimayāmakiccaṃ.
Pacchimayāmaṃ pana
tayo koṭṭhāse katvā purebhattato paṭṭhāya nisajjāpīḷitassa sarīrassa
kilāsubhāvamocanatthaṃ ekaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ caṅkamena vītināmeti,
dutiyakoṭṭhāse gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno
sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti. Tatiyakoṭṭhāse paccuṭṭhāya nisīditvā purimabuddhānaṃ
santike dānasīlādivasena
katādhikārapuggaladassanatthaṃ buddhacakkhunā
lokaṃ voloketi. Idaṃ pacchimayāmakiccaṃ.
Tampi
divasaṃ bhagavā imasmiṃyeva kicce ṭhito lokaṃ
olokento idaṃ addasa – mayā kosalaraṭṭhe cārikaṃ carantena
aggikkhandhena upametvā ekasmiṃ sutte desite saṭṭhi bhikkhū arahattaṃ
pāpuṇissanti, saṭṭhimattānaṃ uṇhaṃ lohitaṃ mukhato uggacchissati,
saṭṭhimattā gihibhāvaṃ gamissanti. Tattha ye arahattaṃ pāpuṇissanti, te
yaṃkiñci dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pāpuṇissanteva. Itaresaṃ pana bhikkhūnaṃ
saṅgahatthāya cārikaṃ caritukāmo hutvā, ‘‘ānanda, bhikkhūnaṃ ārocehī’’ti
āha.
Thero anupariveṇaṃ
gantvā, ‘‘āvuso, satthā mahājanassa saṅgahatthāya cārikaṃ caritukāmo,
gantukāmā āgacchathā’’ti āha. Bhikkhū mahālābhaṃ labhitvā viya
tuṭṭhamānasā ‘‘labhissāma vata mahājanassa dhammaṃ desentassa bhagavato
suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ oloketuṃ madhurañca dhammakathaṃ sotu’’nti
paruḷhakesā kese ohāretvā malaggahitapattā patte pacitvā kiliṭṭhacīvarā
cīvarāni dhovitvā gamanasajjā ahesuṃ. Satthā aparicchinnena
bhikkhusaṅghena parivuto kosalaraṭṭhaṃ cārikāya nikkhanto
gāmanigamapaṭipāṭiyā ekadivasaṃ gāvutaaḍḍhayojanatigāvutayojanaparamaṃ
cārikaṃ caranto ekasmiṃ padese mahantaṃ susirarukkhaṃ agginā
sampajjalitaṃ disvā ‘‘imameva vatthuṃ katvā sattahi aṅgehi paṭimaṇḍetvā
dhammadesanaṃ kathessāmī’’ti gamanaṃ pacchinditvā aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā nisajjākāraṃ dassesi. Ānandatthero satthu adhippāyaṃ
ñatvā ‘‘addhā kāraṇaṃ bhavissati, na akāraṇena
tathāgatā gamanaṃ pacchinditvā nisīdantī’’ti catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ
paññāpesi. Satthā nisīditvā bhikkhū āmantetvā ‘‘passatha no tumhe,
bhikkhave, amuṃ mahantaṃ aggikkhandha’’nti
aggikkhandhopamasuttantaṃ (a. ni. 7.72) deseti.
Imasmiñca pana
veyyākaraṇe bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uṇhaṃ lohitaṃ mukhato
uggañchi, saṭṭhimattā bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattiṃsu,
saṭṭhimattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu. Tañhi
veyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā saṭṭhimattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ nāmakāyo santatto, nāmakāye
santatte karajakāyo santatto, karajakāye santatte nidhānagataṃ uṇhaṃ
lohitaṃ mukhato uggañchi. Saṭṭhimattā bhikkhū
‘‘dukkaraṃ vata buddhasāsane yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ
brahmacariyaṃ caritu’’nti sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā, saṭṭhimattā
bhikkhū satthu desanābhimukhaṃ ñāṇaṃ pesetvā saha
paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pattā.
Tattha yesaṃ uṇhaṃ
lohitaṃ mukhato uggañchi, te pārājikaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Ye gihibhāvaṃ pattā,
te khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni maddantā vicariṃsu. Ye arahattaṃ
pattā, te parisuddhasīlāva ahesuṃ. Satthu dhammadesanā imesaṃ tiṇṇampi
saphalāva jātāti. Arahattaṃ pattānaṃ tāva saphalā hotu, itaresaṃ kathaṃ
saphalā jātāti? Tepi hi sace imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ na suṇeyyuṃ, pamattāva
hutvā ṭhānaṃ jahituṃ na sakkuṇeyyuṃ. Tato nesaṃ taṃ pāpaṃ vaḍḍhamānaṃ
apāyesuyeva saṃsīdāpeyya . Imaṃ pana desanaṃ sutvā
jātasaṃvegā ṭhānaṃ jahitvā sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitā dasa sīlāni pūretvā
yoniso manasikāre yuttappayuttā keci sotāpannā keci sakadāgāmino keci
anāgāmino ahesuṃ, keci devaloke nibbattiṃsu, evaṃ pārājikāpannānampi
saphalā ahosi. Itare pana sace imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ na suṇeyyuṃ, gacchante
gacchante kāle anupubbena saṅghādisesampi pārājikampi pāpuṇitvā
apāyesuyeva uppajjitvā mahādukkhaṃ anubhaveyyuṃ. Imaṃ pana desanaṃ sutvā
‘‘aho sallekhitaṃ buddhasāsanaṃ, na sakkā amhehi yāvajīvaṃ imaṃ
paṭipattiṃ pūretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya upāsakadhammaṃ pūretvā dukkhā
muccissāmā’’ti gihibhāvaṃ upagamiṃsu. Te tīsu saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya pañca
sīlāni rakkhitvā upāsakadhammaṃ pūretvā keci sotāpannā keci sakadāgāmino
keci anāgāmino jātā, keci devaloke nibbattāti. Evaṃ tesampi saphalāva
ahosi.
Imaṃ pana satthu
dhammadesanaṃ sutvā devasaṅghā yehipi sutā, yehipi na sutā, sabbesaṃyeva
ārocentā vicariṃsu. Bhikkhū sutvā sutvā ‘‘dukkaraṃ, bho, buddhānaṃ
sāsane yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritu’’nti
ekakkhaṇeneva dasapi bhikkhū vīsatipi saṭṭhipi satampi sahassampi
bhikkhū gihī honti. Satthā yathāruciyā cārikaṃ caritvā puna jetavanameva
āgantvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhave, tathāgato cārikaṃ caramāno ciraṃ
ākiṇṇo vihāsi, icchāmahaṃ, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāsaṃ paṭisallīyituṃ, nāmhi
kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakenā’’ti. Aḍḍhamāsaṃ
ekībhāvena vītināmetvā paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito
ānandattherena saddhiṃ vihāracārikaṃ caramāno olokitolokitaṭṭhāne
tanubhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā jānantoyeva theraṃ
pucchi – ‘‘ānanda, aññasmiṃ kāle tathāgate cārikaṃ caritvā jetavanaṃ
āgate sakalavihāro kāsāvapajjoto isivātappaṭivāto hoti, idāni pana
tanubhūto bhikkhusaṅgho dissati, yebhuyyena ca uppaṇḍupaṇḍukajātā
bhikkhū, kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti? Etarahi bhagavā
tumhākaṃ aggikkhandhopamadhammadesanaṃ kathitakālato paṭṭhāya bhikkhū
saṃvegappattā hutvā ‘‘mayaṃ etaṃ dhammaṃ sabbappakārena paripūretuṃ na
sakkhissāma, asammāvattantānañca janassa saddhādeyyaṃ paribhuñjituṃ
ayutta’’nti gihibhāvaṃ saṅkamantīti.
Tasmiṃ khaṇe bhagavato
dhammasaṃvego uppajji. Tato theraṃ āha – ‘‘mayi paṭisallāne vītināmente
na koci mama puttānaṃ ekaṃ assāsaṭṭhānaṃ kathesi. Sāgarassa hi
otaraṇatitthāni viya bahūni imasmiṃ sāsane assāsakāraṇāni. Gacchānanda,
gandhakuṭipariveṇe buddhāsanaṃ paññāpetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ
sannipātehī’’ti. Thero tathā akāsi. Satthā buddhāsanavaragato bhikkhū
āmantetvā, ‘‘bhikkhave, mettāya sabbapubbabhāgo nāma neva appanā, na
upacāro, sattānaṃ hitapharaṇamattamevā’’ti vatvā imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā
imaṃ cūḷaccharāsaṅghātasuttaṃ desesi.
Tattha
accharāsaṅghātamattanti accharāpaharaṇamattaṃ,
dve aṅguliyo paharitvā saddakaraṇamattanti attho.
Mettācittanti sabbasattānaṃ hitapharaṇacittaṃ.
Āsevatīti kathaṃ āsevati? Āvajjento āsevati, jānanto āsevati,
passanto āsevati, paccavekkhanto āsevati, cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahanto āsevati,
saddhāya adhimuccanto āsevati, vīriyaṃ paggaṇhanto āsevati, satiṃ
upaṭṭhāpento āsevati, cittaṃ samādahanto āsevati, paññāya pajānanto
āsevati, abhiññeyyaṃ abhijānanto āsevati, pariññeyyaṃ parijānanto
āsevati, pahātabbaṃ pajahanto āsevati, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvento āsevati,
sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikaronto āsevatīti (paṭi. ma. 2.2). Idha pana
mettāpubbabhāgena hitapharaṇappavattanamatteneva āsevatīti veditabbo.
Arittajjhānoti atucchajjhāno
apariccattajjhāno vā. Viharatīti iriyati
pavattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati. Tena vuccati viharatīti.
Iminā padena mettaṃ āsevantassa bhikkhuno iriyāpathavihāro kathito.
Satthusāsanakaroti satthu anusāsanikaro.
Ovādapatikaroti ovādakārako. Ettha ca
sakiṃvacanaṃ ovādo, punappunavacanaṃ anusāsanī. Sammukhāvacanampi
ovādo, pesetvā parammukhāvacanaṃ, anusāsanī.
Otiṇṇe vatthusmiṃ vacanaṃ ovādo, otiṇṇe vā anotiṇṇe vā vatthusmiṃ
tantiṭhapanavasena vacanaṃ anusāsanī. Evaṃ viseso veditabbo.
Paramatthato pana ovādoti vā anusāsanīti vā ese eke ekaṭṭhe same
samabhāge tajjāte taññevāti. Ettha ca ‘‘accharāsaṅghātamattampi ce,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettācittaṃ āsevatī’’ti idameva satthusāsanañceva
ovādo ca, tassa karaṇato esa sāsanakaro ovādapatikaroti veditabbo.
Amoghanti atucchaṃ.
Raṭṭhapiṇḍanti ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya raṭṭhaṃ
nissāya pabbajitena paresaṃ gehato paṭiladdhattā piṇḍapāto raṭṭhapiṇḍo
nāma vuccati. Paribhuñjatīti cattāro paribhogā
theyyaparibhogo iṇaparibhogo dāyajjaparibhogo sāmiparibhogoti. Tattha
dussīlassa paribhogo theyyaparibhogo nāma.
Sīlavato apaccavekkhitaparibhogo iṇaparibhogo
nāma. Sattannaṃ sekkhānaṃ paribhogo dāyajjaparibhogā
nāma. Khīṇāsavassa paribhogo sāmiparibhogo
nāma. Tattha imassa bhikkhuno ayaṃ
raṭṭhapiṇḍaparibhogo dvīhi kāraṇehi amogho hoti. Accharāsaṅghātamattampi
mettācittaṃ āsevanto bhikkhu raṭṭhapiṇḍassa sāmiko hutvā, aṇaṇo hutvā,
dāyādo hutvā paribhuñjatītipissa amogho raṭṭhapiṇḍaparibhogo.
Accharāsaṅghātamattampi mettaṃ āsevantassa bhikkhuno dinnadānaṃ
mahaṭṭhiyaṃ hoti mahapphalaṃ mahānisaṃsaṃ mahājutikaṃ
mahāvipphārantipissa amogho raṭṭhapiṇḍaparibhogo. Ko
pana vādo ye naṃ bahulīkarontīti ye pana imaṃ mettācittaṃ bahulaṃ
āsevanti bhāventi punappunaṃ karonti, te amoghaṃ raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ
paribhuñjantīti ettha vattabbameva kiṃ? Evarūpā hi bhikkhū
raṭṭhapiṇḍassa sāmino aṇaṇā dāyādā hutvā paribhuñjantīti.
|
3. Nếu chỉ trong khoảnh khắc búng móng
tay, này các Tỷ-kheo, vị Tỷ-kheo phát từ tâm; vị ấy, này các Tỷ-kheo,
được gọi là vị Tỷ-kheo trú Thiền tịnh không có trống không, làm theo lời
dạy bậc Ðạo Sư, là người làm theo giáo giới, ăn đồ ăn khất thực của xứ
không có uổng phí. Còn nói gì những người làm cho sung mãn từ tâm ấy.
|
|
56.
‘‘Ye keci, bhikkhave, dhammā akusalā akusalabhāgiyā akusalapakkhikā,
sabbe te manopubbaṅgamā. Mano tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭhamaṃ uppajjati,
anvadeva akusalā dhammā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
|
56. Chaṭṭhe
ye kecīti
aniyāmitavacanaṃ. Akusalāti tesaṃ
niyāmitavacanaṃ. Ettāvatā sabbākusalā asesato pariyādinnā honti.
Akusalabhāgiyāakusalapakkhikāti
akusalānamevetaṃ nāmaṃ. Akusalāyeva hi ekacce akusalaṃ sahajātavasena,
ekacce upanissayavasena bhajanti ceva, tesañca pakkhā bhavantīti
‘‘akusalabhāgiyā akusalapakkhikā’’ti vuccanti. Sabbete
manopubbaṅgamāti mano pubbaṃ paṭhamataraṃ gacchati etesanti
manopubbaṅgamā. Ete hi kiñcāpi manena saddhiṃ ekuppādā ekavatthukā
ekanirodhā ekārammaṇā ca honti. Yasmā pana tesaṃ mano uppādako kārako
janako samuṭṭhāpako nibbattako, tasmā manopubbaṅgamā nāma honti.
Paṭhamaṃ uppajjatīti yathā
nāma ‘‘rājā nikkhanto’’ti vutte ‘‘rājāyeva nikkhanto, sesā rājasenā
nikkhantā anikkhantā’’ti pucchitabbakāraṇaṃ natthi, sabbā nikkhantāteva
paññāyanti, evameva mano uppannoti vuttakālato paṭṭhāya avasesā
sahajātasaṃsaṭṭhasampayuttā uppannā na uppannāti pucchitabbakāraṇaṃ
natthi, sabbe te uppannā tveva paññāyanti. Etamatthavasaṃ paṭicca tehi
saṃsaṭṭhasampayutto ekuppādekanirodhopi samāno mano tesaṃ dhammānaṃ
paṭhamaṃ uppajjatīti vutto. Anvadevāti anudeva,
saheva ekatoyevāti attho. Byañjanacchāyaṃ pana gahetvā paṭhamaṃ cittaṃ
uppajjati, pacchā cetasikāti na gahetabbaṃ. Attho hi paṭisaraṇaṃ
, na byañjanaṃ. ‘‘Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā,
manoseṭṭhā manomayā’’ti gāthāyapi eseva nayo.
|
6. Phàm những pháp nào, này các
Tỷ-kheo, là bất thiện, thuộc thành phần bất thiện, đứng về phía bất
thiện, tất cả các pháp ấy đều được ý đi trước. Ý khởi trước các pháp ấy.
Các pháp bất thiện theo sau.
|
|
58.
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā
akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti
yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, pamādo. Pamattassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva
akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’’ti.
Aṭṭhamaṃ.
|
58. Aṭṭhame
yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, pamādoti
ettha, bhikkhaveti ālapanaṃ, yathā ayaṃ
pamādoti attho. Pamādoti pamajjanākāro.
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘Tattha katamo
pamādo? Kāyaduccarite vā vacīduccarite vā manoduccarite vā pañcasu vā
kāmaguṇesu cittassa vossaggo vossaggānuppadānaṃ kusalānaṃ vā dhammānaṃ
bhāvanāya asakkaccakiriyatā asātaccakiriyatā anaṭṭhitakiriyatā
olīnavuttitā nikkhittachandatā nikkhittadhuratā anadhiṭṭhānaṃ ananuyogo
anāsevanā abhāvanā abahulīkammaṃ . Yo evarūpo
pamādo pamajjanā pamajjitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati pamādo’’ti (vibha. 846).
Uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantīti
idaṃ jhānavipassanānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. Maggaphalānaṃ pana sakiṃ
uppannānaṃ puna parihānaṃ nāma natthi.
|
8. Ta không thấy một pháp nào khác,
này các Tỷ-kheo, do pháp ấy, các pháp bất thiện chưa sanh được sanh
khởi, và các pháp thiện đã sanh bị đoạn tận, này các Tỷ-kheo, như phóng
dật. Với người phóng dật, này các Tỷ-kheo, các pháp bất thiện chưa sanh
được sanh khởi, và các pháp thiện đã sanh bị đoạn tận.
|
