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170. ‘‘Ekapuggalo ,
bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya
lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ
. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Ayaṃ kho,
bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya
bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti.
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170. Ekapuggalavaggassa
paṭhame ekapuggaloti eko
puggalo. Ettha ekoti dutiyādipaṭikkhepattho
gaṇanaparicchedo. Puggaloti sammutikathā, na
paramatthakathā. Buddhassa hi bhagavato duvidhā desanā – sammutidesanā,
paramatthadesanā cāti. Tattha ‘‘puggalo satto itthī puriso khattiyo
brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti evarūpā
sammutidesanā, ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā khandhā dhātū āyatanāni
satipaṭṭhānā’’ti evarūpā paramatthadesanā.
Tattha bhagavā ye sammutivasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ
pahāya visesaṃ adhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ sammutidesanaṃ deseti. Ye pana
paramatthavasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ pahāya
visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ paramatthadesanaṃ deseti.
Tatrāyaṃ upamā – yathā
hi desabhāsākusalo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanako ācariyo ye
damiḷabhāsāya vutte atthaṃ jānanti, tesaṃ damiḷabhāsāya ācikkhati. Ye
andhabhāsādīsu aññatarāya bhāsāya , tesaṃ tāya
tāya bhāsāya. Evaṃ te māṇavakā chekaṃ byattaṃ ācariyamāgamma khippameva
sippaṃ uggaṇhanti. Tattha ācariyo viya buddho bhagavā, tayo vedā viya
kathetabbabhāve ṭhitāni tīṇi piṭakāni, desabhāsākosallamiva
sammutiparamatthakosallaṃ, nānādesabhāsā māṇavakā viya
sammutiparamatthavasena paṭivijjhanasamatthā veneyyasattā, ācariyassa
damiḷabhāsādiācikkhanaṃ viya bhagavato sammutiparamatthavasena desanā
veditabbā. Āha cettha –
‘‘Duve saccāni
akkhāsi, sambuddho vadataṃ varo;
Sammutiṃ
paramatthañca, tatiyaṃ nupalabbhati.
‘‘Saṅketavacanaṃ
saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇā;
Paramatthavacanaṃ
saccaṃ, dhammānaṃ bhūtakāraṇā.
‘‘Tasmā
vohārakusalassa, lokanāthassa satthuno;
Sammutiṃ voharantassa,
musāvādo na jāyatī’’ti.
Apica aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi
bhagavā puggalakathaṃ katheti – hirottappadīpanatthaṃ,
kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ, paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ,
ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ, brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ, pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ,
dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ, lokasammutiyā appahānatthañcāti.
‘‘Khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappantī’’ti
hi vutte mahājano na jānāti, sammohamāpajjati, paṭisattu hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ
khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Itthī hiriyati
ottappati, puriso khattiyo brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti vutte pana jānāti, na
sammohamāpajjati, na paṭisattu hoti. Tasmā bhagavā
hirottappadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.
‘‘Khandhā kammassakā,
dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā
kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.
‘‘Veḷuvanādayo
mahāvihārā khandhehi kārāpitā, dhātūhi āyatanehī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo.
Tasmā bhagavā paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ
puggalakathaṃ katheti.
‘‘Khandhā
mātaraṃ jīvitā voropenti, pitaraṃ, arahantaṃ,
ruhiruppādakammaṃ, saṅghabhedakammaṃ karonti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti
vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā
ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.
‘‘Khandhā mettāyanti,
dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā
brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.
‘‘Khandhā
pubbenivāsamanussaranti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā
bhagavā pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ
katheti.
‘‘Khandhā
dānaṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi
mahājano na jānāti, sammohaṃ āpajjati, paṭisattu hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ
khandhadhātuāyatanāni paṭiggaṇhanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Puggalā paṭiggaṇhanti
sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammo’’ti vutte pana jānāti, na sammohaṃ āpajjati, na
paṭisattu hoti. Tasmā bhagavā
dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.
Lokasammutiñca
buddhā bhagavanto nappajahanti, lokasamaññāya
lokaniruttiyā lokābhilāpe ṭhitāyeva dhammaṃ desenti. Tasmā bhagavā
lokasammutiyā appahānatthampi puggalakathaṃ
katheti.
Iti eko ca so puggalo
cāti ekapuggalo. Kenaṭṭhena ekapuggalo?
Asadisaṭṭhena guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena asamasamaṭṭhenāti. So hi dasannaṃ
pāramīnaṃ paṭipāṭiyā āvajjanaṃ ādiṃ katvā bodhisambhāraguṇehi ceva
buddhaguṇehi ca sesamahājanena asadisoti
asadisaṭṭhenapi ekapuggalo. Ye cassa te guṇā, te sesasattānaṃ
guṇehi visiṭṭhāti guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhenapi
ekapuggalo. Purimakā sammāsambuddhā sabbasattehi asamā, tehi saddhiṃ
ayameva eko rūpakāyaguṇehi ceva nāmakāyaguṇehi ca samoti
asamasamaṭṭhenapi ekapuggalo.
Loketi
tayo lokā – sattaloko, okāsaloko, saṅkhāralokoti. Tesaṃ vitthārakathā
visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.135-136) vuttā. Tesu idha sattaloko
adhippeto. Sattaloke uppajjamānopi cesa na devaloke, na brahmaloke,
manussalokeyeva uppajjati. Manussalokepi na
aññasmiṃ cakkavāḷe, imasmiṃyeva cakkavāḷe uppajjati. Tatrāpi na
sabbaṭṭhānesu.
‘‘Puratthimāya disāya
gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa parena mahāsālā, tato parā paccantimā
janapadā, orato majjhe. Puratthimadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī,
tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya
setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe.
Pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato
parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma
pabbato, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti (mahāva. 259)
evaṃ paricchinne āyāmato tiyojanasate vitthārato aḍḍhateyyayojanasate
parikkhepato navayojanasate majjhimadese
uppajjati. Na kevalañca tathāgatova, paccekabuddhā aggasāvakā asīti
mahātherā buddhamātā buddhapitā cakkavattī rājā aññe ca sārappattā
brāhmaṇagahapatikā ettheva uppajjanti.
Uppajjamāno uppajjatīti
idaṃ pana ubhayampi vippakatavacanameva. Uppajjamāno bahujanahitāya
uppajjati, na aññena kāraṇenāti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo.
Evarūpañcettha lakkhaṇaṃ na sakkā etaṃ aññena saddalakkhaṇena
paṭibāhituṃ.
Apica uppajjamāno
nāma, uppajjati nāma, uppanno nāmāti ayamettha bhedo veditabbo. Esa hi
dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya laddhabyākaraṇo buddhakārake dhamme
pariyesanto dasa pāramiyo disvā ‘‘ime dhammā mayā pūretabbā’’ti
katasanniṭṭhāno dānapāramiṃ pūrentopi uppajjamāno
nāma. Sīlapāramī…pe… upekkhāpāramīti imā dasa pāramiyo pūrentopi, dasa
upapāramiyo pūrentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Dasa paramatthapāramiyo
pūrentopi uppajjamānova nāma. Pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajantopi
uppajjamāno nāma. Attatthacariyaṃ ñātatthacariyaṃ lokatthacariyaṃ
pūrayamānopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri
asaṅkhyeyyāni buddhakārake dhamme matthakaṃ pāpentopi uppajjamāno nāma.
Vessantarattabhāvaṃ pahāya tusitapure paṭisandhiṃ
gahetvā saṭṭhivassasatasahassādhikā
sattapaṇṇāsavassakoṭiyo tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Devatāhi yācito
pañcamahāvilokitaṃ viloketvā mahāmāyādeviyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ
gaṇhantopi, anūnādhike dasa māse gabbhavāsaṃ vasantopi uppajjamāno nāma.
Ekūnatiṃsa vassāni agāramajjhe tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kāmesu
ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā rāhulabhaddassa jātadivase
channasahāyo kaṇḍakaṃ vāhanavaraṃ āruyha nikkhamantopi uppajjamānova
nāma. Tīṇi rajjāni atikkamantopi anomānadītīre pabbajantopi uppajjamāno
nāma. Chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ karontopi uppajjamāno nāma. Paripakkagate
ñāṇe oḷārikāhāraṃ āharantopi uppajjamānova nāma. Sāyanhasamaye
visākhapuṇṇamāya mahābodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha mārabalaṃ vidhametvā paṭhamayāme
pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ parisodhetvā
pacchimayāmasamanantare dvādasaṅgaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomato
sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi uppajjamānova nāma.
Sotāpattiphalakkhaṇepi sakadāgāmimaggakkhaṇepi sakadāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi
anāgāmimaggakkhaṇepi anāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi
uppajjamānova nāma. Arahattamaggakkhaṇe pana uppajjati
nāma. Arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppanno nāma.
Buddhānaṃ hi sāvakānaṃ viya na paṭipāṭiyā iddhividhañāṇādīni uppajjanti,
saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi sabbaññutaññāṇādi guṇarāsi āgatova
nāma hoti. Tasmā te nipphattasabbakiccattā arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppannā
nāma honti. Imasmimpi sutte arahattaphalakkhaṇaṃyeva sandhāya
‘‘uppajjatī’’ti veditabbo, uppanno hotīti ayañhettha attho.
Bahujanahitāyāti mahājanassa hitatthāya uppajjati.
Bahujanasukhāyāti mahājanassa sukhatthāya
uppajjati. Lokānukampāyāti sattalokassa
anukampaṃ paṭicca uppajjati. Katarasattalokassāti? Yo tathāgatassa
dhammadesanaṃ sutvā amatapānaṃ pivitvā dhammaṃ paṭivijjhi, tassa.
Bhagavatā hi mahābodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā bodhimaṇḍā
isipatanaṃ āgamma ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā’’ti
dhammacakkappavattanasutte (mahāva. 13; saṃ. ni.
5.1081) desite āyasmatā aññāsikoṇḍaññattherena saddhiṃ
aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā brahmāno amatapānaṃ piviṃsu, etassa sattalokassa
anukampāya uppanno. Pañcamadivase anattalakkhaṇasuttantapariyosāne
(mahāva. 20; saṃ. ni. 3.59) pañcavaggiyā therā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu,
etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Tato yasadārakappamukhe
pañcapaṇṇāsa purise arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tato kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsa
bhaddavaggiye tayo magge ca tīṇi phalāni ca sampāpesi, etassapi
sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Gayāsīse ādittapariyāyasuttapariyosāne
(mahāva. 54) jaṭilasahassaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tālaṭṭhivane
bimbisārappamukhā ekādasa nahutā brāhmaṇagahapatikā satthu dhammadesanaṃ
sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, ekaṃ nahutaṃ saraṇesu patiṭṭhitaṃ.
Tirokuṭṭaanumodanāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ.
Sumanamālākārasamāgame caturāsītiyā ca. Dhanapālakasamāgame dasahi
pāṇasahassehi, khadiraṅgārajātakasamāgame caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi,
jambukaājīvakasamāgame caturāsītiyā ca. Ānandaseṭṭhisamāgame
caturāsītiyā ca pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ.
Pāsāṇakacetiye pārāyanasuttantakathādivase cuddasa koṭiyo amatapānaṃ
piviṃsu. Yamakapāṭihāriyadivase vīsati pāṇakoṭiyo, tāvatiṃsabhavane
paṇḍukambalasilāya nisīditvā mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā sattappakaraṇaṃ
abhidhammaṃ desentassa asīti pāṇakoṭiyo, devorohane tiṃsa pāṇakoṭiyo,
sakkapañhasuttante asīti devatāsahassāni
amatapānaṃ piviṃsu. Mahāsamayasuttante maṅgalasuttante cūḷarāhulovāde
samacittapaṭipadāyāti imesu catūsu ṭhānesu abhisamayaṃ pattasattānaṃ
paricchedo natthi. Etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppannoti.
Yāvajjadivasā ito paraṃ anāgate ca sāsanaṃ nissāya saggamokkhamagge
patiṭṭhahantānaṃ vasenāpi ayamattho veditabbo.
Devamanussānanti na kevalaṃ devamanussānaṃyeva, avasesānaṃ nāgasupaṇṇādīnampi
atthāya hitāya sukhāyeva uppanno. Sahetukapaṭisandhike pana
maggaphalasacchikiriyāya bhabbe puggale dassetuṃ
etaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā etesampi atthāya hitāya sukhāyeva uppannoti
veditabbo.
Katamo ekapuggaloti ayaṃ
pucchā. Pucchā ca nāmesā pañcavidhā hoti – adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā,
diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā, anumatipucchā,
kathetukamyatāpucchāti.
Tāsaṃ idaṃ nānattaṃ –
katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ
aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ abhāvitaṃ. Tassa
ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya
vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā.
Katamā
diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ
ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. So aññehi
paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ
diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā.
Katamā
vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā
saṃsayapakkhanto hoti vimatipakkhanto dveḷhakajāto ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu
kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti. So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ
pucchati, ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā.
Katamā
anumatipucchā? Bhagavā hi bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā
pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ
vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ
vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ,
kallaṃ nu kho taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama,
esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’ti, ayaṃ anumatipucchā.
Katamā
kathetukamyatāpucchā? Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ
kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānā.
Katame cattāro’’ti? Ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti.
Tattha buddhānaṃ
purimā tisso pucchā natthi. Kasmā? Buddhānaṃ hi tīsu addhāsu kiñci
saṅkhataṃ addhāvimuttaṃ vā asaṅkhataṃ adiṭṭhaṃ ajānitaṃ atulitaṃ
atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā tesaṃ
adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā natthi. Yaṃ pana bhagavatā attano ñāṇena
paṭividdhaṃ, tassa aññena samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena
vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā saddhiṃ saṃsandanakiccaṃ
natthi. Tenassa diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā natthi.
Yasmā panesa akathaṃkathī tiṇṇavicikiccho sabbadhammesu vihatasaṃsayo,
tenassa vimaticchedanāpucchā natthi. Itarā pana dve pucchā bhagavato
atthi, tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti veditabbā.
Idāni tāya pucchāya
puṭṭhaṃ ekapuggalaṃ vibhāvento tathāgato arahaṃ
sammāsambuddhoti āha. Tattha tathāgatoti
aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato – tathā āgatoti tathāgato, tathā
gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme
yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato,
tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena
tathāgatoti.
Kathaṃ bhagavā
tathā āgatoti tathāgato? Yathā sabbalokahitāya
ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatā, yathā vipassī bhagavā
āgato, yathā sikhī bhagavā, yathā vessabhū bhagavā, yathā kakusandho
bhagavā, yathā koṇāgamano bhagavā, yathā kassapo bhagavā āgatoti. Kiṃ
vuttaṃ hoti? Yena abhinīhārena ete bhagavanto āgatā, teneva amhākampi
bhagavā āgato. Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā…pe… yathā kassapo bhagavā
dānapāramiṃ pūretvā,
sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccādhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā
imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa
pāramiyo pūretvā, aṅgapariccāgaṃ nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāganti
ime pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā,
pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo
pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgato, tathā amhākampi bhagavā
āgato. Yathā ca vipassī bhagavā …pe… kassapo
bhagavā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne cattāro sammappadhāne cattāro iddhipāde
pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅge ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ
bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgato, tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgatoti tathāgato.
‘‘Yatheva
lokamhi vipassiādayo,
Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo
idhāgatā;
Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi
āgato,
Tathāgato vuccati tena
cakkhumā’’ti.
Evaṃ tathā āgatoti
tathāgato.
Kathaṃ
tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yathā sampatijāto
vipassī bhagavā gato…pe… kassapo bhagavā gato. Kathañca so gatoti? So hi
sampatijātova samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukho
sattapadavītihārena gato. Yathāha – ‘‘sampatijāto, ānanda, bodhisatto
samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho
sattapadavītihārena gacchati setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne, sabbā ca
disā anuviloketi, āsabhiñca vācaṃ bhāsati ‘aggohamasmi lokassa,
jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, seṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, ayamantimā jāti, natthi
dāni punabbhavo’’’ti (ma. ni. 3.207). Tañcassa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi
avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena. Yañhi so
sampatijātova samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahi, idamassa
caturiddhipādapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ, uttarābhimukhabhāvo pana
sabbalokuttarabhāvassa pubbanimittaṃ, sattapadavītihāro
sattabojjhaṅgaratanapaṭilābhassa, ‘‘suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā’’ti
(su. ni. 693) ettha vuttacāmarukkhepo pana sabbatitthiyanimmathanassa
pubbanimittaṃ, setacchattadhāraṇaṃ
arahattaphalavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ,
sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ,
āsabhivācābhāsanaṃ appaṭivattiyavaradhammacakkappavattanassa
pubbanimittaṃ. Tathā ayaṃ bhagavāpi gato. Tañcassa
gamanaṃ kathaṃ ahosi avitathaṃ tesaṃyeva visesādhigamānaṃ
pubbanimittabhāvena. Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘Muhuttajātova
gavampatī yathā,
Samehi pādehi phusī
vasundharaṃ;
So vikkamī satta
padāni gotamo,
Setañca chattaṃ
anudhārayuṃ marū.
‘‘Gantvāna
so satta padāni gotamo,
Disā vilokesi samā
samantato;
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ
giramabbhudīrayi,
Sīho yathā
pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito’’ti.
Evaṃ tathā gatoti
tathāgato.
Atha vā yathā vipassī
bhagavā…pe… yathā kassapo bhagavā, ayampi bhagavā tatheva nekkhammena
kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gato, abyāpādena byāpādaṃ, ālokasaññāya
thinamiddhaṃ, avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, dhammavavatthānena
vicikicchaṃ pahāya gato, ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā gato, pāmojjena aratiṃ
vinodetvā, paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā, dutiyajjhānena
vitakkavicāraṃ vūpasametvā, tatiyajjhānena pītiṃ virājetvā,
catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāya, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā
rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānānattasaññāyo samatikkamitvā,
viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ,
ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ,
nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ samatikkamitvā
gato.
Aniccānupassanāya
niccasaññaṃ pahāya, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññaṃ, anattānupassanāya
attasaññaṃ, nibbidānupassanāya nandiṃ, virāgānupassanāya rāgaṃ,
nirodhānupassanāya samudayaṃ, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānaṃ,
khayānupassanāya ghanasaññaṃ, vayānupassanāya
āyūhanaṃ, vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññaṃ, animittānupassanāya
nimittasaññaṃ, appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiṃ, suññatānupassanāya
abhinivesaṃ, adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesaṃ,
yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesaṃ, ādīnavānupassanāya
ālayābhinivesaṃ, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhaṃ, vivaṭṭānupassanāya
saṃyogābhinivesaṃ, sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese bhañjitvā,
sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārike kilese pahāya, anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagate
kilese samugghātetvā, arahattamaggena sabbakilese samucchinditvā gato.
Evampi tathā gatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ
tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato?
Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ, āpodhātuyā
paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ, vāyodhātuyā
vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ, ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇadhātuyā
vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Rūpassa
ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ, saññāya
sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ, saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇassa
vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Vitakkassa
abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ, vicārassa anumajjanalakkhaṇaṃ, pītiyā
pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, sukhassa sātalakkhaṇaṃ, cittekaggatāya
avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Saddhindriyassa
adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ, vīriyindriyassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, satindriyassa
upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, samādhindriyassa
avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, paññindriyassa pajānanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Saddhābalassa
assaddhiye akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ, vīriyabalassa kosajje, satibalassa
muṭṭhassacce, samādhibalassa uddhacce, paññābalassa avijjāya
akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ.
Satisambojjhaṅgassa
upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pavicayalakkhaṇaṃ,
vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, pītisambojjhaṅgassa
pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ
, samādhisambojjhaṅgassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ,
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇaṃ.
Sammādiṭṭhiyā
dassanalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsaṅkappassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāvācāya
pariggahalakkhaṇaṃ, sammākammantassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāājīvassa
vodānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāvāyāmassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsatiyā
upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsamādhissa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ.
Avijjāya
aññāṇalakkhaṇaṃ, saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇassa
vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ, nāmassa namanalakkhaṇaṃ, rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ,
saḷāyatanassa āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya
vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ, taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ, upādānassa gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ,
bhavassa āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ, jātiyā nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ, jarāya
jīraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, maraṇassa cutilakkhaṇaṃ.
Dhātūnaṃ
suññatālakkhaṇaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ,
satipaṭṭhānānaṃ upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammappadhānānaṃ padahanalakkhaṇaṃ,
iddhipādānaṃ ijjhanalakkhaṇaṃ, indriyānaṃ adhipatilakkhaṇaṃ, balānaṃ
akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ, bojjhaṅgānaṃ niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ, maggassa
hetulakkhaṇaṃ.
Saccānaṃ
tathalakkhaṇaṃ, samathassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, vipassanāya
anupassanālakkhaṇaṃ, samathavipassanānaṃ ekarasalakkhaṇaṃ, yuganaddhānaṃ
anativattanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Sīlavisuddhiyā
saṃvaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, cittavisuddhiyā
avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, diṭṭhivisuddhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ.
Khaye ñāṇassa
samucchedalakkhaṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇassa passaddhilakkhaṇaṃ.
Chandassa
mūlalakkhaṇaṃ, manasikārassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa
samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, samādhissa
pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ, satiyā ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ, paññāya
tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ , vimuttiyā sāralakkhaṇaṃ,
amatogadhassa nibbānassa pariyosānalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Evaṃ
tathalakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto anuppattoti
tathāgato. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ
tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato?
Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha – ‘‘cattārimāni,
bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? ‘Idaṃ
dukkha’nti, bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ.
ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmā tathānaṃ
abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati. Abhisambodhattho hi ettha
gatasaddo.
Apica jarāmaraṇassa
jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe…
saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho
anaññatho. Tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho, saṅkhārānaṃ
viññāṇassa paccayaṭṭho…pe… jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho
avitatho anaññatho. Taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho. Tasmāpi
tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti
vuccati. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato.
Kathaṃ
tathadassitāya tathāgato? Bhagavā
yaṃ sadevake loke…pe… sadevamanussāya aparimāṇāsu
lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthaṃ āgacchantaṃ
rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā
passatā ca tena taṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu
labbhamānakapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ? Yaṃ rūpaṃ
catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ
pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi
dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa
nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ
bhagavatā – ‘‘yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya
diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā,
tamahaṃ jānāmi, tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ
tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24). Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato.
Tattha tathadassīatthe tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo.
Kathaṃ
tathavāditāya tathāgato?
Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ
matthakaṃ madditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ
yamakasālānaṃ antare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi,
etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyāpi
majjhimabodhiyāpi pacchimabodhiyāpi yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ
geyyaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ atthato ca
byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ anūnaṃ anadhikaṃ sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ
rāgamadanimmadanaṃ dosamohamadanimmadanaṃ, natthi tattha vālaggamattampi
avakkhalitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya ekanāḷikāya mitaṃ
viya ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca tathameva hoti avitathaṃ. Tenāha –
‘‘yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ
abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā
parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati
niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti no aññathā. Tasmā tathāgatoti
vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188). Gadattho hi ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ
tathavāditāya tathāgato.
Apica āgadanaṃ āgado,
vacananti attho. Tatho aviparīto āgado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā
tathāgatoti evampetasmiṃ atthe padasiddhi veditabbā.
Kathaṃ
tathākāritāya tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya
kāyo anulometi kāyassapi vācā, tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī
tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃ bhūtassa cassa yathā vācā, kāyopi tathā gato,
pavattoti attho. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatāti tathāgato. Tenevāha
– ‘‘yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti
yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti
vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23). Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato.
Kathaṃ
abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato? Upari bhavaggaṃ
heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu
lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi
vimuttiyāpi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, atulo appameyyo anuttaro
rājarājo devadevo sakkānamatisakko brahmānamatibrahmā. Tenāha –
‘‘sadevake loke, bhikkhave…pe… sadevamanussāya
tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī. Tasmā
‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).
Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi
veditabbā – agado viya agado. Ko panesa? Desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo
ca. Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko dibbāgadena sappe viya
sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti
sabbalokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca
agado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ
abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.
Apica
tathāya gatotipi tathāgato, tathaṃ gatotipi
tathāgato, gatoti avagato atīto patto paṭipannoti attho. Tattha
sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato.
Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato,
lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti tathāgato,
lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathāya gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Tena
yaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā –
‘‘Loko, bhikkhave,
tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā tathāgato
visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho,
lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena
abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī
paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī
paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe…
sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti
(a. ni. 4.23).
Tassapi evaṃ attho
veditabbo. Idampi ca tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattameva.
Sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya.
Arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti
padadvaye pana ārakattā, arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā,
pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi arahanti veditabbo. Sammā
sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana
sammāsambuddhoti ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato
panetaṃ padadvayaṃ visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.123 ādayo)
buddhānussativaṇṇanāyaṃ pakāsitanti.
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1. - Một người, này các Tỷ-kheo, khi
xuất hiện ở đời, sự xuất hiện đem lại hạnh phúc cho đa số, an lạc cho đa
số, vì lòng thương tưởng cho đời, vì lợi ích, vì hạnh phúc, vì an lạc
cho chư Thiên và loài Người. Một người ấy là ai? Chính là Thế Tôn, bậc
A-la-hán, Chánh Ðẳng Giác. Chính một người này, này các Tỷ-kheo, khi
xuất hiện ở đời, sự xuất hiện đem lại hạnh phúc cho đa số, an lạc cho đa
số, vì lòng thương tưởng cho đời, vì lợi ích, vì hạnh phúc, vì an lạc
cho chư Thiên và loài Người.
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175-186. ‘‘Ekapuggalassa
, bhikkhave, pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa pātubhāvo
hoti, mahato ālokassa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato obhāsassa pātubhāvo hoti,
channaṃ anuttariyānaṃ pātubhāvo hoti, catunnaṃ paṭisambhidānaṃ
sacchikiriyā hoti, anekadhātupaṭivedho hoti, nānādhātupaṭivedho hoti,
vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyā hoti,
sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti,
arahattaphalasacchikiriyā hoti. Katamassa ekapuggalassa? Tathāgatassa
arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Imassa kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa
pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato ālokassa pātubhāvo
hoti, mahato obhāsassa pātubhāvo hoti, channaṃ anuttariyānaṃ pātubhāvo
hoti, catunnaṃ paṭisambhidānaṃ sacchikiriyā hoti, anekadhātupaṭivedho
hoti, nānādhātupaṭivedho hoti, vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyā hoti,
sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti,
anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, arahattaphalasacchikiriyā hotī’’ti.
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175-186. Chaṭṭhādīsu
ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa
pātubhāvo hotīti, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa tathāgatassa arahato
sammāsambuddhassa pātubhāvena mahantassa cakkhussa pātubhāvo hoti.
Tasmiṃ puggale pātubhūte taṃ pātubhūtameva hoti, na vinā tassa
pātubhāvena pātubhavati. Pātubhāvoti uppatti
nipphatti. Katamassa cakkhussāti? Paññācakkhussa. Kīvarūpassāti?
Sāriputtattherassa vipassanāpaññāsadisassa mahāmoggallānattherassa
samādhipaññāsadisassāti. Ālokādīsupi eseva
nayo. Ubhinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ paññāālokasadisoyeva hi ettha āloko,
paññāobhāsasadisoyeva obhāso adhippeto. ‘‘Mahato cakkhussa, mahato
ālokassa, mahato obhāsassā’’ti imāni ca pana tīṇipi
lokiyalokuttaramissakāni kathitānīti veditabbāni.
Channaṃ anuttariyānanti
uttaritaravirahitānaṃ channaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ. Tattha dassanānuttariyaṃ,
savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ,
pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyanti imāni cha anuttariyāni.
Imesaṃ pātubhāvo hotīti attho. Āyasmā hi ānandatthero sāyaṃpātaṃ
tathāgataṃ cakkhuviññāṇena daṭṭhuṃ labhati, idaṃ
dassanānuttariyaṃ. Aññopi sotāpanno vā sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā
ānandatthero viya tathāgataṃ dassanāya labhati, idampi dassanānuttariyaṃ
. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya
dasabalaṃ dassanāya labhitvā taṃ dassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ
pāpeti. Idaṃ dassanameva nāma, mūladassanaṃ pana dassanānuttariyaṃ nāma.
Ānandattheroyeva ca
abhikkhaṇaṃ dasabalassa vacanaṃ sotaviññāṇena sotuṃ labhati, idaṃ
savanānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo
ānandatthero viya tathāgatassa vacanaṃ savanāya labhanti, idampi
savanānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya
tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sotuṃ labhitvā taṃ savanaṃ
vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti. Idaṃ savanameva nāma, mūlasavanaṃ pana
savanānuttariyaṃ nāma.
Ānandattheroyeva
ca dasabale saddhaṃ paṭilabhati, idaṃ
lābhānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo
ānandatthero viya dasabale saddhāpaṭilābhaṃ labhanti, idampi
lābhānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya
dasabale saddhāpaṭilābhaṃ labhitvā taṃ lābhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ
pāpeti, ayaṃ lābhoyeva nāma, mūlalābho pana lābhānuttariyaṃ nāma.
Ānandattheroyeva ca
dasabalassa sāsane tisso sikkhā sikkhati, idaṃ
sikkhānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya
dasabalassa sāsane tisso sikkhā sikkhanti, idampi sikkhānuttariyaṃ.
Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalassa sāsane
tisso sikkhā sikkhitvā tā sikkhā vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti. Ayaṃ
sikkhāyeva nāma, mūlasikkhā pana sikkhānuttariyaṃ nāma.
Ānandattheroyeva ca
abhiṇhaṃ dasabalaṃ paricarati, idaṃ
pāricariyānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya
abhiṇhaṃ dasabalaṃ paricaranti, idampi pāricariyānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana
puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalaṃ
paricaritvā taṃ pāricariyaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti, ayaṃ
pāricariyāyeva nāma, mūlapāricariyā pana pāricariyānuttariyaṃ nāma.
Ānandattheroyeva ca
dasabalassa lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussarati, idaṃ
anussatānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya
dasabalassa lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussaranti, idampi anussatānuttariyaṃ.
Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalassa
lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussaritvā taṃ anussatiṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ
pāpeti, ayaṃ anussatiyeva nāma, mūlānussati pana anussatānuttariyaṃ
nāma. Imāni cha anuttariyāni, imesaṃ pātubhāvo hoti. Imāni ca pana cha
anuttariyāni lokiyalokuttaramissakāni kathitānīti veditabbāni.
Catunnaṃpaṭisambhidānaṃ sacchikiriyā hotīti
catasso hi paṭisambhidāyo atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammapaṭisambhidā,
niruttipaṭisambhidā, paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti. Tattha atthesu ñāṇaṃ
atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā,
atthadhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā
, ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro
panetāsaṃ abhidhamme (vibha. 718 ādayo) āgatoyeva. Imāsaṃ catassannaṃ
paṭisambhidānaṃ buddhuppāde paccakkhakiriyā hoti, na vinā buddhuppādā.
Etāsaṃ sacchikiriyāti attho. Imāpi lokiyalokuttarāva kathitāti
veditabbā.
Anekadhātupaṭivedhoti
‘‘cakkhudhātu rūpadhātū’’tiādīnaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dhātūnaṃ buddhuppādeyeva
paṭivedho hoti, na vinā buddhuppādenāti attho.
Nānādhātupaṭivedhoti ettha imāva aṭṭhārasa
dhātuyo nānāsabhāvato nānādhātuyoti veditabbā. Yo panetāsaṃ
‘‘nānāsabhāvā etā’’ti evaṃ nānākaraṇato paṭivedho, ayaṃ
nānādhātupaṭivedho nāma. Vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyāti
ettha vijjāti phale ñāṇaṃ,
vimuttīti tadavasesā phalasampayuttā dhammā.
Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāti sototi paṭhamamaggo, tena sotena
pattabbaṃ phalanti sotāpattiphalaṃ. Sakadāgāmiphalādīni
pākaṭāneva.
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6-17. Sự xuất hiện của một người, này
các Tỷ-kheo, là sự xuất hiện của mắt lớn, là sự xuất hiện của đại quang,
là sự xuất hiện của đại minh, là sự xuất hiện của sáu vô thượng, là sự
chứng ngộ bốn vô ngại giải, là sự thông đạt của nhiều giới, là sự thông
đạt của các giới sai biệt, là sự chứng ngộ của minh và giải thoát, là sự
chứng ngộ quả Dự Lưu, là sự chứng ngộ quả Nhất Lai, là sự chứng ngộ quả
Bất Lai, là chứng ngộ quả A-la-hán. Của một người ấy là ai? Chính là Như
Lai, bậc A-la-hán, Chánh Ðẳng Giác. Sự xuất hiện của một người này, này
các Tỷ-kheo, là sự xuất hiện của mắt lớn, là sự xuất hiện của đại
quang... là sự chứng ngộ quả A-la-hán.
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187. ‘‘Nāhaṃ bhikkhave,
aññaṃ ekapuggalampi samanupassāmi yo evaṃ tathāgatena anuttaraṃ
dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ sammadeva anuppavatteti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave,
sāriputto. Sāriputto, bhikkhave, tathāgatena anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ
pavattitaṃ sammadeva anuppavattetī’’ti.
Ekapuggalavaggo
terasamo.
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187.Anuttaranti
niruttaraṃ. Dhammacakkanti seṭṭhacakkaṃ.
Cakkasaddo hesa –
‘‘Catubbhi
aṭṭhajjhagamā, aṭṭhāhipi ca soḷasa;
Soḷasāhi ca bāttiṃsa,
atricchaṃ cakkamāsado;
Icchāhatassa posassa,
cakkaṃ bhamati matthake’’ti. (jā. 1.1.104; 1.5.103) –
Ettha uracakke āgato.
‘‘Cakkasamāruḷhā jānapadā pariyāyantī’’ti (a. ni. 3.63; 5.54) ettha
iriyāpathacakke. ‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, rathakāro yaṃ taṃ cakkaṃ
chahi māsehi niṭṭhitaṃ, taṃ pavattesī’’ti (a. ni. 3.15) ettha dārucakke.
‘‘Addasā kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pādesu cakkāni sahassārānī’’ti (a.
ni. 4.36) ettha lakkhaṇacakke. ‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, cakkāni, yehi
samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ
vattatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.31) ettha sampatticakke. ‘‘Dibbaṃ
cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.243; ma.
ni. 3.256) ettha ratanacakke. Idha pana dhammacakke āgato.
Pavattitanti
ettha dhammacakkaṃ abhinīharati nāma, abhinīhaṭaṃ
nāma, uppādeti nāma, uppāditaṃ nāma, pavatteti nāma, pavattitaṃ nāmāti
ayaṃ pabhedo veditabbo. Kuto paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ
abhinīharati nāmāti? Yadā sumedhabrāhmaṇo hutvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ
nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā sattasatakamahādānaṃ datvā isipabbajjaṃ
pabbajitvā pañca abhiññā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbatteti, tato paṭṭhāya
dhammacakkaṃ abhinīharati nāma.
Kuto paṭṭhāya
abhinīhaṭaṃ nāmāti? Yadā aṭṭha dhamme
samodhānetvā dīpaṅkarapādamūle mahābodhimaṇḍatthāya mānasaṃ bandhitvā
‘‘byākaraṇaṃ aladdhā na vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya
nipanno dasabalassa santikā byākaraṇaṃ labhi, tato paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ
abhinīhaṭaṃ nāma.
Kuto paṭṭhāya
uppādeti nāmāti? Tato paṭṭhāya dānapāramiṃ
pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma. Sīlapāramiṃ pūrentopi…pe…
upekkhāpāramiṃ pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma. Dasa pāramiyo dasa
upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyo pūrentopi, pañca mahāpariccāge
pariccajantopi, ñātatthacariyaṃ pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma.
Vessantarattabhāve ṭhatvā sattasatakamahādānaṃ datvā puttadāraṃ
dānamukhe niyyātetvā pāramikūṭaṃ gahetvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tattha
yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā devatāhi āyācito paṭiññaṃ datvā pañcamahāvilokanaṃ
vilokentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādetiyeva nāma.
Mātukucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhantopi, paṭisandhikkhaṇe
dasasahassacakkavāḷaṃ kampentopi, mātukucchito nikkhantadivase tatheva
lokaṃ kampentopi, sampatijāto satta padāni gantvā ‘‘aggomahasmī’’ti
sīhanādaṃ nadantopi, ekūnatiṃsa saṃvaccharāni agāramajjhe vasantopi,
mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamantopi, anomānadītīre pabbajantopi,
mahāpadhāne chabbassāni vīriyaṃ karontopi, sujātāya dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ
bhuñjitvā suvaṇṇapātiṃ nadiyā pavāhetvā sāyanhasamaye bodhimaṇḍavaragato
puratthimaṃ lokadhātuṃ olokento nisīditvā sūriye dharamāneyeva mārabalaṃ
vidhametvā paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussarantopi,
majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhentopi, paccūsakālasamanantare
paccayākāraṃ sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi, sotāpattiphalaṃ
sacchikarontopi, sakadāgāmimaggaṃ sakadāgāmiphalaṃ anāgāmimaggaṃ
anāgāmiphalaṃ sacchikarontopi, arahattamaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi
dhammacakkaṃ uppādetiyeva nāma.
Arahattaphalakkhaṇe
pana tena dhammacakkaṃ uppāditaṃ
nāma. Buddhānañhi sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇarāsi arahattaphaleneva
saddhiṃ ijjhati. Tasmā tena tasmiṃ khaṇe dhammacakkaṃ uppāditaṃ nāma
hoti.
Kadā
pavatteti nāma? Bodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā isipatane
migadāye aññākoṇḍaññattheraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā
dhammacakkappavattanasuttantaṃ desento dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma.
Yadā pana
aññākoṇḍaññattherena dasabalassa desanāñāṇānubhāvanibbattaṃ savanaṃ
labhitvā sabbapaṭhamaṃ dhammo adhigato, tato paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ
pavattitaṃ nāma hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Dhammacakkanti cetaṃ desanāñāṇassapi nāmaṃ
paṭivedhañāṇassapi. Tesu desanāñāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ, paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ.
Kassa desanāpaṭivedhañāṇanti? Na aññassa kassaci, sammāsambuddhasseva
desanāñāṇañca paṭivedhañāṇañcāti veditabbaṃ.
Sammadevāti hetunā nayena
kāraṇeneva. Anuppavattetīti yathā purato
gacchantassa pacchato gacchanto taṃ anugacchati nāma, evaṃ paṭhamataraṃ
satthārā pavattitaṃ thero anuppavatteti nāma. Kathaṃ? Satthā hi
‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānā. Katame cattāro’’ti kathento
dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma, dhammasenāpati sāriputtattheropi
‘‘cattārome, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānā’’ti kathento dhammacakkaṃ anuppavatteti
nāma. Sammappadhānādīsupi eseva nayo. Na kevalañca
bodhipakkhiyadhammesu, ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, ariyasaccāni.
Cattārome, bhikkhave, ariyavaṃsā’’tiādīsupi ayaṃ nayo netabbova. Evaṃ
sammāsambuddho dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma, thero dasabalena pavattitaṃ
dhammacakkaṃ anuppavatteti nāma.
Evaṃ dhammacakkaṃ
anuppavattentena pana therena dhammo desitopi pakāsitopi satthārāva
desito pakāsito hoti. Yo hi koci bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā upāsako vā
upāsikā vā devo vā sakko vā māro vā brahmā vā
dhammaṃ desetu pakāsetu, sabbo so satthārā desito pakāsitova nāma hoti,
sesajano pana lekhahārakapakkhe ṭhitova nāma hoti. Kathaṃ? Yathā hi
raññā dinnaṃ paṇṇaṃ vācetvā yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ karonti, taṃ taṃ kammaṃ yena
kenaci katampi kāritampi
raññā kāritanteva vuccati. Mahārājā viya hi sammāsambuddho. Rājapaṇṇaṃ
viya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Paṇṇadānaṃ viya tepiṭake nayamukhadānaṃ
paṇṇaṃ vācetvā taṃtaṃkammānaṃ karaṇaṃ viya catunnaṃ parisānaṃ attano
balena buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā paresaṃ desanā pakāsanā. Tattha yathā
paṇṇaṃ vācetvā yena kenaci katampi kāritampi taṃ kammaṃ raññā kāritameva
hoti, evameva yena kenaci desitopi pakāsitopi dhammo satthārā desito
pakāsitova nāma hotīti veditabbo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
Ekapuggalavaggavaṇṇanā.
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18. Ta không thấy một người nào khác,
này các Tỷ-kheo, có thể chơn chánh chuyển vận Vô thượng Pháp luân do Như
Lai chuyển vận, này các Tỷ-kheo, như Xá-lợi-phất. Xá-lợi-phất, này các
Tỷ-kheo, chơn chánh chuyển vận Vô thượng Pháp luân do Thế Tôn chuyển
vận.
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