394-397.
Anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti
vāyamati vīriyaṃ [viriyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]
ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ
dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ
paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ
janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ
kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya
pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti
padahati.
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394.Anuppannānanti
anibbattānaṃ. Pāpakānanti lāmakānaṃ.
Akusalānaṃ dhammānanti akosallasambhūtānaṃ
lobhādidhammānaṃ. Anuppādāyāti
anibbattanatthāya. Chandaṃ janetīti
kattukamyatākusalacchandaṃ uppādeti. Vāyamatīti
payogaṃ parakkamaṃ karoti. Vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti
kāyikacetasikavīriyaṃ karoti. Cittaṃpaggaṇhātīti
teneva sahajātavīriyena cittaṃ ukkhipati. Padahatīti
padhānavīriyaṃ karoti.
Uppannānanti jātānaṃ
nibbattānaṃ. Kusalānaṃ dhammānanti
kosallasambhūtānaṃ alobhādidhammānaṃ. Ṭhitiyāti
ṭhitatthaṃ. Asammosāyāti anassanatthaṃ.
Bhiyyobhāvāyāti punappunabhāvāya.
Vepullāyāti vipulabhāvāya.
Bhāvanāyāti vaḍḍhiyā. Paripūriyāti
paripūraṇatthāya. Ayaṃ tāva catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ ekapadiko
atthuddhāro.
Ayaṃ pana
sammappadhānakathā nāma duvidhā lokiyā lokuttarā ca. Tattha lokiyā
sabbapubbabhāge hoti, sā kassapasaṃyuttapariyāyena lokiyamaggakkhaṇeyeva
veditabbā. Vuttañhi tattha –
‘‘Cattārome, āvuso,
sammappadhānā. Katame cattāro? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā
akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti,
‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā
anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammā
anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me
kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karotī’’ti
(saṃ. ni. 2.145).
Ettha ca
pāpakā akusalāti lobhādayo veditabbā.
Anuppannākusalā dhammāti
samathavipassanā ceva maggo ca. Uppannā kusalā
nāma samathavipassanāva. Maggo pana sakiṃ uppajjitvā nirujjhamāno
anatthāya saṃvattanako nāma natthi. So hi phalassa paccayaṃ datvāva
nirujjhati . Purimasmimpi vā samathavipassanāva
gahetabbāti vuttaṃ, taṃ pana na yuttaṃ. Evaṃ lokiyā sammappadhānakathā
sabbapubbabhāge kassapasaṃyuttapariyāyena veditabbā.
Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe panetaṃ ekameva vīriyaṃ catukiccasādhanavasena
cattāri nāmāni labhati.
Tattha
anuppannānaṃ pāpakānanti ettha ‘‘anuppanno ceva
kāmacchando’’tiādīsu vuttanayena attho veditabbo.
Uppannānaṃ pāpakānanti ettha catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ
vattamānuppannaṃ, bhutvāvigatuppannaṃ, okāsakatuppannaṃ,
bhūmiladdhuppannanti. Tattha ye kilesā vijjamānā uppādādisamaṅgino, idaṃ
vattamānuppannaṃ nāma. Kamme pana javite
ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavitvā niruddhavipāko bhutvā vigataṃ nāma, kammaṃ
uppajjitvā niruddhaṃ bhutvā vigataṃ nāma. Tadubhayampi
bhutvāvigatuppannanti saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Kusalākusalakammaṃ
aññakammassa vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākassa okāsaṃ karoti, evaṃ
kate okāse vipāko uppajjamāno okāsakaraṇato
paṭṭhāya uppannoti vuccati, idaṃ okāsakatuppannaṃ
nāma. Pañcakkhandhā pana vipassanāya bhūmi nāma, te atītādibhedā honti.
Tesu anusayitakilesā pana atītā vā anāgatā vā paccuppannā vāti na
vattabbā. Atītakkhandhesu anusayitāpi hi appahīnāva honti,
anāgatakkhandhesu anusayitāpi appahīnāva honti, paccuppannakkhandhesu
anusayitāpi appahīnāva honti, idaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ
nāma. Tenāhu porāṇā – ‘‘tāsu tāsu bhūmisu asamugghātagatā kilesā
bhūmiladdhuppannāti saṅkhaṃ gacchantī’’ti.
Aparampi
catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ samudācāruppannaṃ,
ārammaṇādhiggahituppannaṃ, avikkhambhituppannaṃ, asamugghātituppannanti.
Tattha sampati vattamānaṃyeva samudācāruppannaṃ
nāma. Sakiṃ cakkhūni ummīletvā ārammaṇe nimitte gahite
anussaritānussaritakkhaṇe kilesā nuppajjissantīti na vattabbā. Kasmā?
Ārammaṇassa adhiggahitattā. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā khīrukkhassa kuṭhāriyā
āhatāhataṭṭhāne khīraṃ na nikkhamissatīti na vattabbā, evaṃ. Idaṃ
ārammaṇādhiggahituppannaṃ nāma. Samāpattiyā
avikkhambhitakilesā pana imasmiṃ nāma ṭhānena uppajjissantīti na
vattabbā. Kasmā? Avikkhambhitattā. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā khīrarukkhaṃ
kuṭhāriyā āhaneyyuṃ, imasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne khīraṃ na nikkhameyyāti na
vattabbaṃ, evaṃ. Idaṃ avikkhambhituppannaṃ
nāma. Maggena asamugghātitakilesā pana bhavagge nibbattassāpi
uppajjantīti purimanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Idaṃ
asamugghātituppannaṃ nāma.
Imesu
uppannesu vattamānuppannaṃ, bhutvāvigatuppannaṃ,
okāsakatuppannaṃ, samudācāruppannanti catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ na
maggavajjhaṃ, bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ, ārammaṇādhiggahituppannaṃ,
avikkhambhituppannaṃ, asamugghātituppannanti catubbidhaṃ maggavajjhaṃ.
Maggo hi uppajjamāno ete kilese pajahati. So ye kilese pajahati, te
atītā vā anāgatā vā paccuppannā vāti na vattabbā. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘Hañci atīte kilese
pajahati? Tena hi khīṇaṃyeva khepeti, niruddhaṃ nirodheti, atthaṅgataṃ
atthaṅgameti, atītaṃ yaṃ natthi, taṃ pajahati. Hañci anāgate kilese
pajahati? Tena hi ajātaṃ pajahati, anibbattaṃ anuppannaṃ apātubhūtaṃ
pajahati, anāgataṃ yaṃ natthi, taṃ pajahati. Hañci paccuppanne kilese
pajahati? Tena hi ratto rāgaṃ pajahati, duṭṭho dosaṃ, mūḷho mohaṃ,
vinibaddho mānaṃ, parāmaṭṭho diṭṭhiṃ, aniṭṭhaṅgato vicikicchaṃ,
thāmagato anusayaṃ pajahati, kaṇhasukkā dhammā yuganaddhā vattanti,
saṃkilesiyā maggabhāvanā hotīti…pe… tena hi natthi maggabhāvanā, natthi
phalasacchikiriyā, natthi kilesappahānaṃ, natthi dhammābhisamayoti.
Atthi maggabhāvanā…pe… atthi dhammābhisamayoti. Yathā kathaṃ viya?
Seyyathāpi taruṇo rukkho…pe… apātubhūtāyeva na pātubhavantī’’ti (paṭi.
ma. 3.21).
Iti
pāḷiyaṃ ajātaphalarukkho āgato,
jātaphalarukkho pana dīpetabbo. Yathā hi saphalo taruṇambarukkho, tassa
phalāni manussā paribhuñjeyyuṃ, sesāni pātetvā pacchiyo pūreyyuṃ,
athañño puriso taṃ pharasunā chindeyya. Tenassa neva atītāni phalāni
nāsitāni honti, na anāgatapaccuppannāni ca nāsitāni. Atītāni hi
manussehi paribhuttāni, anāgatāni anibbattāni, na sakkā nāsetuṃ. Yasmiṃ
pana samaye so chinno, tadā phalāniyeva natthīti paccuppannānipi
anāsitāni. Sace pana rukkho acchinno assa, athassa pathavīrasañca
āporasañca āgamma yāni phalāni nibbatteyyuṃ, tāni nāsitāni honti. Tāni
hi ajātāneva na jāyanti, anibbattāneva na nibbattanti, apātubhūtāneva na
pātubhavanti. Evameva maggo nāpi atītādibhede kilese pajahati, nāpi na
pajahati. Yesañhi kilesānaṃ maggena khandhesu apariññātesu uppatti siyā,
maggena uppajjitvā khandhānaṃ pariññātattā te kilesā ajātāva na jāyanti,
anibbattāva na nibbattanti, apātubhūtāva na
pātubhavanti. Taruṇaputtāya itthiyā puna avijāyanatthaṃ byādhitānaṃ
rogavūpasamanatthaṃ pītabhesajjehi vāpi ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Evaṃ
maggo ye kilese pajahati, te atītā vā anāgatā vā paccuppannā vāti na
vattabbā. Na ca maggo kilese na pajahati. Ye pana maggo kilese pajahati,
te sandhāya ‘‘uppannānaṃ pāpakāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.
Na kevalañca maggo
kileseyeva pajahati, kilesānaṃ pana appahīnattā ye
uppajjeyyuṃ upādinnakkhandhā, tepi pajahatiyeva. Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘sotāpattimaggañāṇena abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa nirodhena satta bhave
ṭhapetvā anamatagge saṃsāre ye uppajjeyyuṃ nāmañca rūpañca, etthete
nirujjhantī’’ti (cūḷava. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddeso 6) vitthāro. Iti maggo
upādinnato anupādinnato ca vuṭṭhāti. Bhavavasena pana sotāpattimaggo
apāyabhavato vuṭṭhāti, sakadāgāmimaggo sugatibhavekadesato, anāgāmimaggo
sugatikāmabhavato, arahattamaggo rūpārūpabhavato vuṭṭhāti. Sabbabhavehi
vuṭṭhātiyevātipi vadanti.
Atha maggakkhaṇe
kathaṃ anuppannānaṃ uppādāya bhāvanā hoti, kathaṃ vā uppannānaṃ
ṭhitiyāti? Maggappavattiyā eva. Maggo hi pavattamāno pubbe
anuppannapubbattā anuppanno nāma vuccati.
Anāgatapubbañhi ṭhānaṃ gantvā ananubhūtapubbaṃ vā ārammaṇaṃ anubhavitvā
vattāro bhavanti; ‘‘anāgataṭṭhānaṃ āgatamha, ananubhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ
anubhavāmā’’ti. Yā cassa pavatti, ayameva ṭhiti nāmāti ‘‘ṭhitiyā
bhāvetī’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Evametassa bhikkhuno idaṃ
lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe vīriyaṃ ‘‘anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ
dhammānaṃ anuppādāyā’’tiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Ayaṃ
lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe sammappadhānakathā. Imasmiṃ pana sutte
lokiyalokuttaramissakāneva sammappadhānāni kathitāni.
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14-17. ... Ðối với các pháp ác, bất
thiện chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn không cho sanh khởi, tinh cần, tinh
tấn, quyết tâm, cố gắng ... Ðối với các pháp ác, bất thiện đã sanh, khởi
lên ý muốn đoạn tận, tinh cần, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, cố gắng ... Ðối với
các pháp thiện chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn làm cho sanh khởi, tinh cần,
tinh tấn, quyết tâm, cố gắng ... Ðối với pháp thiện đã sanh, khởi lên ý
muốn làm an trú, không cho vong thất, làm cho tăng trưởng, làm cho quảng
đại, tu tập, làm cho viên mãn, tinh cần, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, cố gắng
...
|
412-418.
Satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti…
vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti…
passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti…
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti….
|
418.Satisambojjhaṅgaṃ
bhāvetīti ettha ayaṃ ādikammikānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ vasena saddhiṃ
atthavaṇṇanāya bhāvanānayo. Tattha
satisambojjhaṅgantiādinā nayena vuttānaṃ sattannaṃ ādipadānaṃ tāva
ayamatthavaṇṇanā – satisambojjhaṅge tāva saraṇaṭṭhena sati, sā panesā
upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā, apilāpanalakkhaṇā vā. Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘yathā,
mahārāja , rañño bhaṇḍāgāriko rañño sāpateyyaṃ
apilāpeti ‘ettakaṃ, mahārāja, hiraññaṃ, ettakaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ, ettakaṃ
sāpateyya’nti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, sati uppajjamānā
kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjahīnappaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme
apilāpeti ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti (mi. pa. 2.1.13) vitthāro.
Apilāpanarasā, kiccavaseneva hissā etaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ therena vuttaṃ.
Asammosarasā vā, gocarābhimukhībhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā. Sati eva
sambojjhaṅgoti satisambojjhaṅgo.
Tattha bodhiyā,
bodhissa vā aṅgoti bojjhaṅgo. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti?
Yā hi ayaṃ dhammasāmaggīyāya lokiyalokuttaramaggakkhaṇe uppajjamānāya
līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhaattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādīnaṃ
anekesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtāya
satidhammavicayavīriyapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsaṅkhātāya
dhammasāmaggiyā ariyasāvako bujjhatīti katvā bodhīti vuccati,
bujjhatīti kilesasantānaniddāya uṭṭhahati,
cattāri vā ariyasaccāni paṭivijjhati, nibbānameva vā sacchikarotīti
vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘satta bojjhaṅge bhāvetvā
anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.378; dī. ni.
3.143). Tassā dhammasāmaggisaṅkhātāya bodhiyā aṅgotipi
bojjhaṅgo jhānaṅgamaggaṅgādayo viya .
Yopesa yathāvuttappakārāya etāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti katvā
ariyasāvako bodhīti vuccati, tassa aṅgotipi bojjhaṅgo
senaṅgarathaṅgādayo viya. Tenāhu aṭṭhakathācariyā – ‘‘bujjhanakassa
puggalassa aṅgāti vā bojjhaṅgā’’ti.
Apica ‘‘bojjhaṅgāti
kenaṭṭhena bojjhaṅgā? Bodhāya saṃvattantīti bojjhaṅgā, bujjhantīti
bojjhaṅgā, anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, paṭibujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā,
sambujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’ti iminā paṭisambhidānayenāpi (paṭi. ma. 2.17)
bojjhaṅgattho veditabbo. Pasattho sundaro ca bojjhaṅgo sambojjhaṅgo,
sati eva sambojjhaṅgo satisambojjhaṅgo, taṃ
satisambojjhaṅgaṃ.
Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgantiādīsupi
catusaccadhamme vicinatīti dhammavicayo. So
pavicayalakkhaṇo, obhāsanaraso, asammohapaccupaṭṭhāno. Vīrabhāvato,
vidhinā īrayitabbato ca vīriyaṃ. Taṃ
paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, upathambhanarasaṃ ,
anosīdanapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Pīṇayatīti pīti. Sā
pharaṇalakkhaṇā, tuṭṭhilakkhaṇā vā, kāyacittānaṃ pīṇanarasā, nesaṃyeva
odagyapaccupaṭṭhānā. Kāyacittadarathappassambhanato
passaddhi. Sā upasamalakkhaṇā, kāyacittadarathamaddanarasā,
kāyacittānaṃ aparipphandasītibhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā.
Samādhānato samādhi. So avikkhepalakkhaṇo,
avisāralakkhaṇo vā, cittacetasikānaṃ sampiṇḍanaraso,
cittaṭṭhitipaccupaṭṭhāno. Ajjhupekkhanato upekkhā.
Sā paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇā, samavāhitalakkhaṇā vā, ūnādhikanivāraṇarasā,
pakkhapātupacchedanarasā vā, majjhattabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā. Sesaṃ
vuttanayameva. Bhāvetīti brūheti vaḍḍheti,
uppādetīti attho.
Tattha cattāro dhammā
satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattantīti
veditabbā satisampajaññaṃ muṭṭhassatipuggalaparivajjanatā
upaṭṭhitassatipuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti. Abhikkantādīsu hi
sattasu ṭhānesu satisampajaññena, bhattanikkhittakākasadise
muṭṭhassatipuggale parivajjanena, tissadattattheraabhayattherādisadise
upaṭṭhitassatipuggale sevanena, ṭhānanisajjādīsu satisamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ
ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatāya ca satisambojjhaṅgo uppajjati. Tasmā
ādikammiko kulaputto imehi catūhi kāraṇehi satisambojjhaṅgaṃ
samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ katvā abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena
arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva arahattamaggā satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma,
phale patte bhāvito nāma hoti.
Satta
dhammā
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti paripucchakatā,
vatthuvisadakiriyā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanā,
duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā, paññavantapuggalasevanā,
gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā, tadadhimuttatāti. Tattha
paripucchakatāti
khandhadhātuāyatanaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgajhānasamathavipassanānaṃ
atthasannissitaparipucchābahulatā.
Vatthuvisadakiriyāti
ajjhattikabāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ visadabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Yadā hissa
kesanakhalomā dīghā honti, sarīraṃ vā uppannadosañceva
sedamalamakkhitañca , tadā ajjhattikaṃ vatthu
avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Yadā pana cīvaraṃ jiṇṇaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ
duggandhaṃ vā hoti, senāsanaṃ vā uklāpaṃ, tadā bāhiraṃ vatthu avisadaṃ
hoti aparisuddhaṃ. Tasmā kesādicchedanena uddhaṃvirecanaadhovirecanādīhi
sarīrasallahukabhāvakaraṇena ucchādananahāpanena ca ajjhattikavatthu
visadaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sūcikammadhovanarajanaparibhaṇḍakaraṇādīhi
bāhiravatthu visadaṃ kātabbaṃ. Etasmiñhi ajjhattikabāhire vatthumhi
avisade uppannesu cittacetasikesu ñāṇampi avisadaṃ hoti aparisuddhaṃ
aparisuddhāni dīpakapallavaṭṭitelādīni nissāya uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso
viya. Visade pana ajjhattikabāhire vatthumhi uppannesu cittacetasikesu
ñāṇampi visadaṃ hoti parisuddhāni dīpakapallavaṭṭitelādīni nissāya
uppannadīpasikhāya obhāso viya. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vatthuvisadakiriyā
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
Indriyasamattapaṭipādanā
nāma saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ samabhāvakaraṇaṃ. Sace hissa saddhindriyaṃ
balavaṃ hoti, itarāni mandāni, tato vīriyindriyaṃ paggahakiccaṃ,
satindriyaṃ upaṭṭhānakiccaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ avikkhepakiccaṃ,
paññindriyaṃ dassanakiccaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Tasmā taṃ
dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena vā, yathā vā manasikaroto balavaṃ jātaṃ,
tathā amanasikārena hāpetabbaṃ. Vakkalittheravatthu
cettha nidassanaṃ. Sace pana vīriyindriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti, atha neva
saddhindriyaṃ adhimokkhakiccaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, na itarāni
itarakiccabhedaṃ. Tasmā taṃ passaddhādibhāvanāya hāpetabbaṃ. Tatrāpi
soṇattherassa vatthu dassetabbaṃ. Evaṃ sesesupi
ekassa balavabhāve sati itaresaṃ attano kiccesu asamatthatā veditabbā.
Visesato panettha
saddhāpaññānaṃ samādhivīriyānañca samataṃ pasaṃsanti. Balavasaddho hi
mandapañño mudhappasanno hoti, avatthumhi pasīdati. Balavapañño
mandasaddho kerāṭikapakkhaṃ bhajati ,
bhesajjasamuṭṭhito viya rogo atekiccho hoti. Cittuppādamatteneva kusalaṃ
hotīti atidhāvitvā dānādīni akaronto niraye uppajjati. Ubhinnaṃ samatāya
vatthusmiṃyeva pasīdati. Balavasamādhiṃ pana mandavīriyaṃ samādhissa
kosajjapakkhattā kosajjaṃ abhibhavati. Balavavīriyaṃ mandasamādhiṃ
vīriyassa uddhaccapakkhattā uddhaccaṃ abhibhavati. Samādhi pana vīriyena
saṃyojito kosajje patituṃ na labhati, vīriyaṃ
samādhinā saṃyojitaṃ uddhacce patituṃ na labhati. Tasmā taṃ ubhayaṃ
samaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ubhayasamatāya hi appanā hoti.
Apica
samādhikammikassa balavatīpi saddhā vaṭṭati. Evañhi saddahanto okappento
appanaṃ pāpuṇissati. Samādhipaññāsu pana
samādhikammikassa ekaggatā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañhi so appanaṃ pāpuṇāti.
Vipassanākammikassa paññā balavatī vaṭṭati. Evañhi so lakkhaṇapaṭivedhaṃ
pāpuṇāti. Ubhinnaṃ pana samatāyapi appanā hotiyeva. Sati pana sabbattha
balavatī vaṭṭati. Sati hi cittaṃ uddhaccapakkhikānaṃ
saddhāvīriyapaññānaṃ vasena uddhaccapātato kosajjapakkhikena ca
samādhinā kosajjapātato rakkhati. Tasmā sā loṇadhūpanaṃ viya
sabbabyañjanesu, sabbakammiko amacco viya ca sabbarājakiccesu, sabbattha
icchitabbā. Tenāha – ‘‘sati ca pana sabbatthikā vuttā (saṃ. ni. 5.234)
bhagavatā. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Cittañhi satipaṭisaraṇaṃ, ārakkhapaccupaṭṭhānā ca
sati, na vinā satiyā cittassa paggahaniggaho hotī’’ti.
Duppaññapuggalaparivajjanā
nāma khandhādibhedesu anogāḷhapaññānaṃ dummedhapuggalānaṃ ārakā
parivajjanaṃ. Paññavantapuggalasevanā nāma
samapaññāsalakkhaṇapariggāhikāya udayabbayapaññāya
samannāgatapuggalasevanā.
Gambhīrañāṇacariyapaccavekkhaṇā nāma gambhīresu khandhādīsu
pavattāya gambhīrapaññāya pabhedapaccavekkhaṇā.
Tadadhimuttatā nāma ṭhānanisajjādīsu
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatā.
Tasmā ādikammiko kulaputto imehi sattahi kāraṇehi
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ katvā abhinivesaṃ
paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva arahattamaggā
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale patte bhāvito nāma hoti.
Ekādasa dhammā
vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti –
apāyabhayapaccavekkhaṇatā, ānisaṃsadassāvitā ,
gamanavīthipaccavekkhaṇatā, piṇḍapātāpacāyanatā,
dāyajjamahattapaccavekkhaṇatā, satthumahattapaccavekkhaṇatā,
jātimahattapaccavekkhaṇatā ,
sabrahmacārimahattapaccavekkhaṇatā, kusītapuggalaparivajjanatā,
āraddhavīriyapuggalasevanatā, tadadhimuttatāti.
Tattha
‘‘nirayesu pañcavidhabandhanakammakaraṇato
paṭṭhāya mahādukkhaṃ anubhavanakālepi, tiracchānayoniyaṃ
jālakkhipakuminādīhi gahitakālepi, pājanakaṇṭakādippahāratunnassa pana
sakaṭavahanādikālepi, pettivisaye anekānipi vassasahassāni ekaṃ
buddhantarampi khuppipāsāhi āturībhūtakālepi, kālakañjikaasuresu
saṭṭhihatthaasītihatthappamāṇena aṭṭhicammamatteneva attabhāvena
vātātapādidukkhānubhavanakālepi na sakkā vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ uppādetuṃ.
Ayameva te bhikkhu kālo’’ti evaṃ apāyabhayaṃ
paccavekkhantassāpi vīriyasambojjhaṅgo uppajjati.
‘‘Na sakkā kusītena
nava lokuttaradhammā laddhuṃ, āraddhavīriyeneva sakkā, ayamānisaṃso
vīriyassā’’ti evaṃ ānisaṃsadassāvinopi
uppajjati. ‘‘Sabbabuddhapaccekabuddhamahāsāvakehi gatamaggova gantabbo,
so ca na sakkā kusītena gantu’’nti evaṃ gamanavīthiṃ
paccavekkhantassāpi uppajjati.
‘‘Ye taṃ piṇḍapātādīhi
upaṭṭhahanti, ime te manussā neva ñātakā, na dāsakammakarā, nāpi taṃ
nissāya jīvissāmāti te paṇītāni piṇḍapātādīni denti. Atha kho attano
kārānaṃ mahapphalataṃ paccāsīsamānā denti. Satthārāpi ‘ayaṃ ime paccaye
paribhuñjitvā kāyadaḷhībahulo sukhaṃ viharissatī’ti na evaṃ sampassatā
tuyhaṃ paccayā anuññātā, atha kho ‘ayaṃ ime paribhuñjamāno samaṇadhammaṃ
katvā vaṭṭadukkhato muccissatī’ti te paccayā
anuññātā. So dāni tvaṃ kusīto viharanto na taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ apacāyissasi.
Āraddhavīriyasseva hi piṇḍāpacāyanaṃ nāma hotī’’ti evaṃ
piṇḍapātāpacāyanaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi
uppajjati mahāmittattherassa viya piṇḍapātiyatissattherassa viya ca.
Mahāmittatthero kira kassakaleṇe nāma paṭivasati. Tassa ca gocaragāme ekā mahāupāsikā
theraṃ puttaṃ katvā paṭijaggati. Sā ekadivasaṃ araññaṃ gacchantī
dhītaraṃ āha – ‘‘amma , asukasmiṃ ṭhāne
purāṇataṇḍulā, asukasmiṃ khīraṃ, asukasmiṃ sappi, asukasmiṃ phāṇitaṃ,
tava bhātikassa ayyamittassa āgatakāle bhattaṃ pacitvā
khīrasappiphāṇitehi saddhiṃ dehi, datvā tvañca bhuñjeyyāsi. Ahaṃ pana
hiyyo pakkaṃ pārivāsikabhattaṃ kañjiyena bhuttamhī’’ti. Divā kiṃ
bhuñjissasi, ammāti? Sākapaṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā
kaṇataṇḍulehi ambilayāguṃ pacitvā ṭhapehi, ammāti.
Thero cīvaraṃ
pārupitvā pattaṃ nīharantova taṃ saddaṃ sutvā attānaṃ ovadi –
‘‘mahāupāsikā kira kañjiyena pārivāsikabhattaṃ bhuñji, divāpi
kaṇapaṇṇambilayāguṃ bhuñjissati, tuyhaṃ atthāya pana purāṇataṇḍulādīni
ācikkhati. Taṃ nissāya kho panesā neva khettaṃ na vatthuṃ na bhattaṃ na
vatthaṃ paccāsīsati, tisso pana sampattiyo patthayamānā deti. Tvaṃ
etissā tā sampattiyo dātuṃ sakkhissasi, na sakkhissasīti, ayaṃ kho pana
piṇḍapāto tayā sarāgena sadosena samohena na sakkā gaṇhitu’’nti pattaṃ
thavikāya pakkhipitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ muñcitvā nivattitvā kassakaleṇameva
gantvā pattaṃ heṭṭhāmañce, cīvarañca cīvaravaṃse ṭhapetvā, ‘‘arahattaṃ
apāpuṇitvā na nikkhamissāmī’’ti vīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā nisīdi.
Dīgharattaṃ appamatto hutvā nivutthabhikkhu vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā
purebhattameva arahattaṃ patvā vikasamānamiva padumaṃ mahākhīṇāsavo
sitaṃ karontova nikkhami. Leṇadvāre rukkhamhi adhivatthā devatā –
‘‘Namo
te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
Yassa te āsavā khīṇā,
dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisā’’ti. –
Udānaṃ udānetvā,
‘‘bhante, piṇḍāya paviṭṭhānaṃ tumhādisānaṃ arahantānaṃ bhikkhaṃ datvā
mahallakitthiyo dukkhā muccissantī’’ti āha. Thero uṭṭhahitvā dvāraṃ
vivaritvā kālaṃ olokento ‘‘pātoyevā’’ti ñatvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya gāmaṃ
pāvisi.
Dārikāpi bhattaṃ
sampādetvā ‘‘idāni me bhātā āgamissati, idāni me bhātā āgamissatī’’ti
dvāraṃ olokayamānā nisīdi. Sā there gharadvāraṃ sampatte pattaṃ gahetvā
sappiphāṇitayojitassa khīrapiṇḍapātassa pūretvā hatthe ṭhapesi. Thero
‘‘sukhaṃ hotū’’ti anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Sāpi
taṃ olokayamānāva aṭṭhāsi. Therassa hi tadā ativiya parisuddho
chavivaṇṇo ahosi, vippasannāni indriyāni, mukhaṃ bandhanā
pavuttatālapakkaṃ viya ativiya virocittha.
Mahāupāsikā
araññato āgantvā ‘‘kiṃ, amma, bhātiko te āgato’’ti
pucchi. Sā sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Upāsikā ‘‘ajja me puttassa
pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ patta’’nti ñatvā ‘‘abhiramati te, amma, bhātā
buddhasāsane, na ukkaṇṭhatī’’ti āha.
Piṇḍapātikatissattheravatthu
pana evaṃ veditabbaṃ – mahāgāme kira eko daliddapuriso dāruvikkayena
jīvikaṃ kappeti. So teneva kāraṇena nāmaṃ labhitvā dārubhaṇḍakamahātisso
nāma jāto. So ekadivasaṃ attano bhariyaṃ āha – ‘‘kiṃ amhākaṃ jīvitaṃ
nāma, satthārā daḷiddadānassa mahapphalabhāvo kathito, mayañca nibaddhaṃ
dātuṃ na sakkoma, pakkhikabhattamattaṃ datvā puna uppannaṃ
salākabhattampi dassāmā’’ti. Sā ‘‘sādhu sāmī’’ti sampaṭicchitvā
punadivase yathālābhena pakkhikabhattaṃ adāsi. Bhikkhusaṅghassa ca
paccayehi nipparissayakālo hoti, daharasāmaṇerā paṇītabhojanāni
bhuñjitvā ‘‘ayaṃ lūkhāhāro’’ti tesaṃ
pakkhikabhattaṃ gahitamattakameva katvā tesaṃ passantānaṃyeva chaḍḍetvā
gacchanti.
Sā itthī taṃ disvā
sāmikassa kathesi, ‘‘mayā dinnaṃ chaḍḍentī’’ti na pana vippaṭisārinī
ahosi. Tassā sāmiko āha – ‘‘mayaṃ duggatabhāvena ayyānaṃ sukhena
paribhuñjāpetuṃ nāsakkhimha. Kiṃ nu kho katvā ayyānaṃ manaṃ gahetuṃ
sakkhissāmā’’ti? Athassa bhariyā āha – ‘‘kiṃ vadesi, sāmi, saputtakā
duggatā nāma natthīti ayaṃ te dhītā, imaṃ ekasmiṃ kule ṭhapetvā dvādasa
kahāpaṇe gaṇhitvā ekaṃ khīradhenuṃ āhara, ayyānaṃ khīrasalākabhattaṃ
dassāma, evaṃ tesaṃ cittaṃ gaṇhituṃ sakkhissāmā’’ti. So sādhūti
sampaṭicchitvā tathā akāsi. Tesaṃ puññena sā dhenu sāyaṃ tīṇi māṇikāni,
pāto tīṇi māṇikāni khīraṃ deti. Sāyaṃ laddhaṃ dadhiṃ katvā punadivase
tato gahitanavanītena sappiṃ katvā sasappiparisekaṃ khīrasalākabhattaṃ
denti. Tato paṭṭhāya tassa gehe salākabhattaṃ puññavantāva labhanti.
So
ekadivasaṃ bhariyaṃ āha – ‘‘mayaṃ dhītu atthitāya lajjitabbato ca
muttā, gehe ca no bhattaṃ ayyānaṃ paribhogārahaṃ jātaṃ. Tvaṃ yāva ahaṃ
āgacchāmi, tāva imasmiṃ kalyāṇavatte mā pamajji.
Ahaṃ kiñcideva katvā dhītaraṃ mocessāmī’’ti. So ekaṃ padesaṃ gantvā
ucchuyantakammaṃ katvā chahi māsehi dvādasa kahāpaṇe labhitvā ‘‘alaṃ
ettakaṃ mama dhītu mocanatthāyā’’ti te kahāpaṇe dussante bandhitvā
‘‘gehaṃ gamissāmī’’ti maggaṃ paṭipajji.
Tasmiṃ samaye
ambariyamahāvihāravāsī piṇḍapātiyatissatthero ‘‘tissamahāvihāraṃ gantvā
cetiyaṃ vandissāmī’’ti attano vasanaṭṭhānato mahāgāmaṃ gacchanto tameva
maggaṃ paṭipajji. So upāsako theraṃ dūratova disvā ‘‘ekakova
agantvā iminā ayyena saddhiṃ ekaṃ dhammakathaṃ
suṇanto gamissāmi. Sīlavanto hi sabbakālaṃ dullabhā’’ti vegena theraṃ
sampāpuṇitvā abhivādetvā saddhiṃ gacchanto velāya upakaṭṭhāya cintesi –
‘‘mayhaṃ hatthe puṭakabhattaṃ natthi, ayyassa ca bhikkhākālo sampatto,
ayañca me paribbayo hatthe atthi, ekaṃ gāmadvāraṃ pattakāle ayyassa
piṇḍapātaṃ dassāmī’’ti.
Tassevaṃ citte
uppannamatteyeva eko puṭakabhattaṃ gahetvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampatto. Upāsako
taṃ disvā, ‘‘bhante, thokaṃ āgamethā’’ti vatvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha –
‘‘kahāpaṇaṃ te, bho purisa, dammi, taṃ me puṭakabhattaṃ dehī’’ti. So
cintesi – ‘‘imaṃ bhattaṃ imasmiṃ kāle māsakampi na agghati, ayañca
mayhaṃ ekavāreneva kahāpaṇaṃ deti, bhavissatettha kāraṇa’’nti cintetvā
‘‘nāhaṃ kahāpaṇena demī’’ti āha. Evaṃ sante dve gaṇha, tīṇi gaṇhāti
iminā niyāmena sabbepi te kahāpaṇe dātukāmo jāto. Itaro ‘‘aññepissa
atthī’’ti saññāya ‘‘na demi’’cceva āha. Atha naṃ so āha – ‘‘sace me,
bho, aññepi assu, tepi dadeyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ attano atthāya gaṇhāmi,
etasmiṃ me rukkhamūle eko ayyo nisīdāpito, tuyhampi kusalaṃ bhavissati,
dehi me bhatta’’nti. Tena hi, bho, gaṇha, āhara te kahāpaṇeti kahāpaṇe
gahetvā puṭakabhattaṃ adāsi. Upāsako bhattaṃ gahetvā hatthe dhovitvā
theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pattaṃ nīharatha, bhante’’ti āha. Thero pattaṃ
nīharitvā upaḍḍhabhatte dinne pattaṃ pidahi. Upāsako āha – ‘‘ayaṃ,
bhante, ekasseva paṭiviso, na sakkā mayā ito
bhuñjituṃ. Tumhākaṃyeva me atthāya imaṃ pariyesitvā laddhaṃ, gaṇhatha
naṃ maṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Thero ‘‘atthi ettha kāraṇa’’nti gahetvā
sabbaṃ paribhuñji. Upāsako dhamakaraṇena pānīyaṃ
parissāvetvā adāsi. Tato niṭṭhitabhattakicce there
ubhopi maggaṃ paṭipajjiṃsu.
Thero upāsakaṃ pucchi
– ‘‘kena kāraṇena tvaṃ na bhuñjasī’’ti. So attano gamanāgamanavidhānaṃ
sabbaṃ kathesi. Thero taṃ sutvā saṃvegappatto cintesi – ‘‘dukkaraṃ
upāsakena kataṃ, mayā pana evarūpaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā etassa
kataññunā bhavitabbaṃ. Sappāyasenāsanaṃ labhitvā tattheva
chavimaṃsalohitesu sukkhantesupi nisinnapallaṅkeneva arahattaṃ appatvā
na uṭṭhahissāmī’’ti. So tissamahāvihāraṃ gantvā āgantukavattaṃ katvā
attano pattasenāsanaṃ pavisitvā paccattharaṇaṃ attharitvā tattha nisinno
attano mūlakammaṭṭhānameva gaṇhi. So tāya rattiyā obhāsamattampi
nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Punadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhācārapalibodhaṃ
chinditvā tadeva kammaṭṭhānaṃ anulomapaṭilomaṃ vipassi. Etenupāyena
vipassanto sattame aruṇe saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā cintesi –
‘‘ativiya me kilantaṃ sarīraṃ, kiṃ nu kho me jīvitaṃ ciraṃ pavattissati,
na pavattissatī’’ti. Athassa appavattanabhāvaṃ disvā senāsanaṃ
paṭisāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya vihāramajjhaṃ gantvā bheriṃ paharāpetvā
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātesi.
Saṅghatthero ‘‘kena
bhikkhunāsaṅgho sannipātito’’ti pucchi. Mayā, bhanteti. Kimatthaṃ
sappurisāti. Bhante, aññaṃ kammaṃ natthi, yesaṃ pana magge vā phale vā
kaṅkhā atthi, te maṃ pucchantūti. Sappurisa tādisā nāma bhikkhū asantaṃ
guṇaṃ na kathenti, amhākaṃ ettha kaṅkhā natthi. Kiṃ pana te
saṃvegakāraṇaṃ ahosi, kiṃ paccayaṃ katvā arahattaṃ nibbattanti. Bhante,
imasmiṃ mahāgāme valliyavīthiyaṃ dārubhaṇḍakamahātisso nāma upāsako
attano dhītaraṃ bahi ṭhapetvā dvādasa kahāpaṇe gaṇhitvā tehi ekaṃ
khīradhenuṃ gahetvā saṅghassa khīrabhattasalākaṃ paṭṭhapesi, so
‘‘dhītaraṃ mocessāmī’’ti cha māse yantasālāya bhatiṃ katvā
dvādasa kahāpaṇe labhitvā ‘‘dhītaraṃ mocessāmī’’ti
attano gehaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge maṃ disvā
bhikkhācāravelāya sabbepi te kahāpaṇe datvā puṭakabhattaṃ gaṇhitvā
sabbaṃ mayhaṃ adāsi. Ahaṃ taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā idhāgantvā
sappāyasenāsanaṃ labhitvā ‘‘piṇḍāpacāyanakammaṃ karissāmī’’ti visesaṃ
nibbattesiṃ, bhanteti. Taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampattā catassopi parisā therassa
sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu. Sakabhāvena saṇṭhātuṃ samattho nāma nāhosi. Thero
saṅghamajjhe nisīditvā kathento kathentova
‘‘mayhaṃ kūṭāgāraṃ dārubhaṇḍakamahātissassa hatthena phuṭṭhakāleyeva
calatū’’ti adhiṭṭhāya anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.
Kākavaṇṇatissamahārājā
‘‘eko kira thero parinibbuto’’ti sutvā vihāraṃ gantvā sakkārasammānaṃ
katvā kūṭāgāraṃ sajjetvā theraṃ tattha āropetvā ‘‘idāni citakaṭṭhānaṃ
gamissāmā’’ti ukkhipanto cāletuṃ nāsakkhi. Rājā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pucchi –
‘‘atthi, bhante, therena kiñci kathita’’nti. Bhikkhū therena
kathitavidhānaṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Rājā taṃ upāsakaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘tayā ito
sattadivasamatthake kassaci maggapaṭipannassa bhikkhuno puṭakabhattaṃ
dinna’’nti pucchi. Āma, devāti. Kena te niyāmena dinnanti? So taṃ
kāraṇaṃ sabbaṃ ārocesi. Atha naṃ rājā therassa kūṭāgāraṭṭhānaṃ pesesi –
‘‘gaccha taṃ theraṃ sañjāna, so vā añño vā’’ti. So gantvā sāṇiṃ
ukkhipitvā therassa mukhaṃ disvā sañjānitvā dvīhi hatthehi hadayaṃ
sandhārento rañño santikaṃ gantvā, ‘‘deva, mayhaṃ ayyo’’ti āha. Athassa
rājā mahāpasādhanaṃ dāpesi. Taṃ pasādhetvā āgataṃ ‘‘gaccha bhātika
mahātissa mayhaṃ, ayyāti vatvā kūṭāgāraṃ ukkhipā’’ti āha. Upāsako
‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti gantvā therassa pāde vanditvā ubhohi hatthehi
ukkhipitvā attano matthake akāsi. Tasmiṃyeva khaṇe kūṭāgāraṃ ākāse
uppatitvā citakamatthake patiṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ kāle
citakassa catūhipi kaṇṇehi sayameva aggijālā uṭṭhahiṃsūti.
‘‘Mahantaṃ kho panetaṃ
satthu dāyajjaṃ, yadidaṃ satta ariyadhanāni nāma, taṃ na sakkā kusītena
gahetuṃ. Yathā hi vippaṭipannaṃ puttaṃ mātāpitaro ‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ
aputto’ti paribāhiraṃ karonti, so tesaṃ accayena
dāyajjaṃ na labhati, evaṃ kusītopi idaṃ ariyadhanadāyajjaṃ na labhati,
āraddhavīriyova labhatī’’ti dāyajjamahattaṃ
paccavekkhatopi uppajjati.
‘‘Mahā kho pana te
satthā. Satthuno hi te mātukucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gahaṇakālepi,
abhinikkhamanepi, abhisambodhiyampi,
dhammacakkappavattanayamakapāṭihāriyadevorohanaāyusaṅkhāravossajjanesupi,
parinibbānakālepi dasasahassilokadhātu kampittha. Yuttaṃ nu te
evarūpassa satthuno sāsane pabbajitvā kusītena bhavitu’’nti evaṃ
satthumahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati.
‘‘Jātiyāpi
tvaṃ idāni na lāmakajātiko, asambhinnāya
mahāsammatapaveṇiyā āgataokkākarājavaṃse jātosi, suddhodanamahārājassa
ca mahāmāyādeviyā ca nattā, rāhulabhaddassa kaniṭṭho, tayā nāma
evarūpena jinaputtena hutvā na yuttaṃ kusītena viharitu’’nti evaṃ
jātimahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati.
‘‘Sāriputtamoggallānā
ceva asīti mahāsāvakā ca vīriyeneva lokuttaradhammaṃ paṭivijjhiṃsu, tvaṃ
etesaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjasi, na paṭipajjasī’’ti evaṃ
sabrahmacārimahattaṃ paccavekkhatopi uppajjati.
Kucchiṃ pūretvā
ṭhitaajagarasadise vissaṭṭhakāyikacetasikavīriye kusītapuggale
parivajjentassāpi, āraddhavīriye pahitatte puggale sevantassāpi,
ṭhānanisajjādīsu viriyuppādanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi
uppajjati. Tasmā ādikammiko kulaputto imehi ekādasahi kāraṇehi
vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ
katvā abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva
arahattamaggā vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale patte bhāvito nāma
hoti.
Ekādasa dhammā
pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti –
buddhānussati, dhammasaṅghasīla^ cāgadevatānussati upasamānussati,
lūkhapuggalaparivajjanatā, siniddhapuggalasevanatā,
pasādanīyasuttantapaccavekkhaṇatā, tadadhimuttatāti.
Buddhaguṇe
anussarantassāpi hi yāva upacārā sakalasarīraṃ
pharamāno pītisambojjhaṅgo uppajjati, dhammasaṅghaguṇe anussarantassāpi,
dīgharattaṃ akhaṇḍaṃ katvā rakkhitaṃ catupārisuddhisīlaṃ
paccavekkhantassāpi, gihino dasasīlaṃ pañcasīlaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi,
dubbhikkhabhayādīsu paṇītabhojanaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ datvā ‘‘evaṃnāma
adamhā’’ti cāgaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, gihinopi evarūpe kāle sīlavantānaṃ
dinnadānaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, yehi guṇehi samannāgatā devattaṃ pattā,
tathārūpānaṃ guṇānaṃ attani atthitaṃ paccavekkhantassāpi, samāpattiyā
vikkhambhite kilesā saṭṭhipi sattatipi vassāni na samudācarantīti
paccavekkhantassāpi, cetiyadassanabodhidassanatheradassanesu
asakkaccakiriyāya saṃsūcitalūkhabhāve buddhādīsu pasādasinehābhāvena
gadrabhapiṭṭhe rajasadise lūkhapuggale
parivajjentassāpi, buddhādīsu pasādabahule muducitte siniddhapuggale
sevantassāpi, ratanattayaguṇaparidīpake pasādanīyasuttante
paccavekkhantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu pītiuppādanatthaṃ
ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Tasmā ādikammiko kulaputto imehi
ekādasahi kāraṇehi pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ katvā
abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva
arahattamaggā pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale patte bhāvito nāma
hoti.
Satta
dhammā passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa
uppādāya saṃvattanti – paṇītabhojanasevanatā, utusukhasevanatā,
iriyāpathasukhasevanatā, majjhattapayogatā,
sāraddhakāyapuggalaparivajjanatā, passaddhakāyapuggalasevanatā,
tadadhimuttatāti.
Paṇītañhi siniddhaṃ
sappāyabhojanaṃ bhuñjantassāpi, sītuṇhesu ca utūsu ṭhānādīsu ca
iriyāpathesu sappāyautuñca iriyāpathañca sevantassāpi passaddhi
uppajjati. Yo pana mahāpurisajātiko sabbautuiriyāpathakkhamo hoti, na
taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Yassa sabhāgavisabhāgatā atthi, tasseva
visabhāge utuiriyāpathe vajjetvā sabhāge sevantassa uppajjati.
Majjhattapayogo vuccati attano ca parassa ca kammassakatapaccavekkhaṇā.
Iminā majjhattapayogena uppajjati. Yo leḍḍudaṇḍādīhi paraṃ viheṭhayamāno
vicarati, evarūpaṃ sāraddhakāyaṃ puggalaṃ parivajjentassāpi,
saṃyatapādapāṇiṃ passaddhakāyaṃ puggalaṃ sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu
passaddhiuppādanatthāya
ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Tasmā ādikammiko kulaputto imehi
sattahi kāraṇehi passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ
katvā abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva
arahattamaggā passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale patte bhāvito
nāma hoti.
Ekādasa dhammā
samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādāya saṃvattanti –
vatthuvisadakiriyatā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā, nimittakusalatā,
samaye cittassa paggaṇhanatā, samaye cittassa niggaṇhanatā, samaye
sampahaṃsanatā, samaye ajjhupekkhanatā, asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā,
samāhitapuggalasevanatā, jhānavimokkhapaccavekkhaṇatā, tadadhimuttatāti.
Tattha vatthuvisadakiriyatā ca
indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā ca vuttanayeneva
veditabbā.
Nimittakusalatā
nāma kasiṇanimittassa uggahakusalatā. Samaye cittassa
paggaṇhanatāti yasmiṃ samaye atisithilavīriyatādīhi līnaṃ cittaṃ
hoti, tasmiṃ samaye
dhammavicayavīriyapītisambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanena tassa paggaṇhanaṃ.
Samaye cittassa niggaṇhanatāti yasmiṃ samaye
accāraddhavīriyatādīhi uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye
passaddhisamādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpanena tassa niggaṇhanaṃ.
Samaye sampahaṃsanatāti yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ
paññāpayogamandatāya vā upasamasukhānadhigamena vā nirassādaṃ hoti,
tasmiṃ samaye aṭṭhasaṃvegavatthupaccavekkhaṇena saṃvejeti.
Aṭṭha saṃvegavatthūni nāma –
jātijarābyādhimaraṇāni cattāri, apāyadukkhaṃ pañcamaṃ, atīte
vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, anāgate vaṭṭamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ, paccuppanne
āhārapariyeṭṭhimūlakaṃ dukkhanti. Ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇena ca pasādaṃ
janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘samaye sampahaṃsanatā’’ti.
Samaye ajjhupekkhanatā nāma
yasmiṃ samaye sammāpaṭipattiṃ āgamma alīnaṃ anuddhataṃ anirassādaṃ
ārammaṇe samappavattaṃ samathavīthipaṭipannaṃ cittaṃ hoti, tadāssa
paggahaniggahasampahaṃsanesu na byāpāraṃ āpajjati sārathi viya
samappavattesu assesu. Ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘samaye ajjhupekkhanatā’’ti.
Asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanatā nāma upacāraṃ vā
appanaṃ vā appattānaṃ vikkhittacittānaṃ puggalānaṃ
ārakā parivajjanaṃ. Samāhitapuggalasevanatā
nāma upacārena vā appanāya vā samāhitacittānaṃ sevanā bhajanā
payirupāsanā. Tadadhimuttatā nāma
ṭhānanisajjādīsu samādhiuppādanatthaṃyeva ninnapoṇapabbhāracittatā.
Evañhi paṭipajjato esa uppajjati. Tasmā ādikammiko kulaputto imehi
ekādasahi kāraṇehi samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā tadeva dhuraṃ
katvā abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ gaṇhāti. So yāva
arahattamaggā samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale patte bhāvito
nāma hoti.
Pañca
dhammā upekhāsambojjhaṅgassa
uppādāya saṃvattanti – sattamajjhattatā, saṅkhāramajjhattatā,
sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanatā,
sattasaṅkhāramajjhattapuggalasevanatā tadadhimuttatāti. Tattha
dvīhākārehi sattamajjhattataṃ samuṭṭhāpeti
‘‘tvaṃ attano kammena āgantvā attanova kammena gamissasi, esopi attano
kammena āgantvā attanova kammena gamissati, tvaṃ kaṃ kelāyasī’’ti evaṃ
kammassakatapaccavekkhaṇena ca, ‘‘paramatthato sattoyeva natthi, so tvaṃ
kaṃ kelāyasī’’ti evaṃ nissattapaccavekkhaṇena
cāti. Dvīhevākārehi saṅkhāramajjhattataṃ
samuṭṭhāpeti ‘‘idaṃ cīvaraṃ anupubbena vaṇṇavikārañceva jiṇṇabhāvañca
upagantvā pādapuñchanacoḷakaṃ hutvā yaṭṭhikoṭiyā chaḍḍanīyaṃ bhavissati,
sace panassa sāmiko bhaveyya, nāssa evaṃ vinassituṃ dadeyyā’’ti evaṃ
assāmikabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena ca, ‘‘anaddhaniyaṃ idaṃ tāvakālika’’nti
evaṃ tāvakālikabhāvapaccavekkhaṇena cāti. Yathā ca cīvare, evaṃ
pattādīsupi yojanā kātabbā.
Sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaparivajjanatāti
ettha yo puggalo gihī vā attano puttadhītādike, pabbajito vā attano
antevāsikasamānupajjhāyakādike mamāyati, sahattheneva nesaṃ
kesacchedanasūcikammacīvaradhovanarajanapattapacanādīni karoti,
muhuttampi apassanto ‘‘asuko sāmaṇero kuhiṃ, asuko daharo kuhi’’nti
bhantamigo viya ito cito ca oloketi, aññena kesacchedanādīnaṃ atthāya
‘‘muhuttaṃ tāva asukaṃ pesethā’’ti yāciyamānopi ‘‘amhepi taṃ attano
kammaṃ na kārema, tumhe naṃ gahetvā kilamissathā’’ti na deti, ayaṃ
sattakelāyano nāma. Yo pana
cīvarapattathālakakattarayaṭṭhiādīni mamāyati,
aññassa hatthena parāmasitumpi na deti, tāvakālikaṃ
yācito ‘‘mayampi imaṃ dhanāyantā na paribhuñjāma, tumhākaṃ kiṃ
dassāmā’’ti vadati, ayaṃ saṅkhārakelāyano nāma.
Yo pana tesu dvīsupi
vatthūsu majjhatto udāsino, ayaṃ
sattasaṅkhāramajjhatto nāma. Iti ayaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo
evarūpaṃ sattasaṅkhārakelāyanapuggalaṃ ārakā parivajjentassāpi,
sattasaṅkhāramajjhattapuggalaṃ sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu
taduppādanatthaṃ ninnapoṇapabbhāracittassāpi uppajjati. Tasmā ādikammiko
kulaputto imehi pañcahi kāraṇehi upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā
tadeva dhuraṃ katvā abhinivesaṃ paṭṭhapetvā anukkamena arahattaṃ
gaṇhāti. So yāva arahattamaggā upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti nāma, phale
patte bhāvito nāma hoti. Iti imepi satta bojjhaṅgā
lokiyalokuttaramissakāva kathitā.
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32-38. Tu tập Niệm giác chi ... tu tập
Trạch pháp giác chi ... tu tập Tinh tấn giác chi ... tu tập Hỷ giác chi
... tu tập Khinh an giác chi ... tu tập Ðịnh giác chi ... tu tập Xả giác
chi ...
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427-434.[dī.
ni. 2.173; ma. ni. 2.249; a. ni. 8.65] Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī
bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya
jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti… ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni
passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti
– evaṃsaññī hoti… ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni
suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti…
ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni
suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti…
ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati
nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya
jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti… ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni
passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. ‘Tāni
abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti… ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī
bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni
lohitakanibhāsāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti…
ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni
odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni. ‘Tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti –
evaṃsaññī hoti….
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427.Ajjhattaṃ
rūpasaññītiādīsu ajjhattarūpe parikammavasena ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī
nāma hoti. Ajjhattañhi nīlaparikammaṃ karonto kese vā pitte vā
akkhitārakāya vā karoti, pītaparikammaṃ karonto mede vā chaviyā vā
hatthapādatalesu vā akkhīnaṃ pītakaṭṭhāne vā karoti, lohitaparikammaṃ
karonto maṃse vā lohite vā jivhāya vā akkhīnaṃ rattaṭṭhāne vā karoti,
odātaparikammaṃ karonto aṭṭhimhi vā dante vā nakhe vā akkhīnaṃ
setaṭṭhāne vā karoti. Taṃ pana sunīlaṃ supītaṃ sulohitakaṃ suodātakaṃ na
hoti, avisuddhameva hoti.
Ekobahiddhā
rūpāni passatīti yassevaṃ
parikammaṃ ajjhattaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, nimittaṃ pana bahiddhā. So evaṃ
ajjhattaṃ parikammassa bahiddhā ca appanāya vasena ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī
eko bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’ti vuccati. Parittānīti
avaḍḍhitāni. Suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānīti suvaṇṇāni vā
honti dubbaṇṇāni vā, parittavaseneva idaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ vuttanti
veditabbaṃ. Tāni abhibhuyyāti yathā nāma
sampannagahaṇiko kaṭacchumattaṃ bhattaṃ labhitvā ‘‘kiṃ ettha
bhuñjitabbaṃ atthī’’ti saṅkaḍḍhitvā ekakabalameva karoti, evameva
ñāṇuttariko puggalo visadañāṇo ‘‘kiṃ ettha parittake ārammaṇe
samāpajjitabbaṃ atthi, nāyaṃ mama bhāro’’ti tāni rūpāni abhibhavitvā
samāpajjati, saha nimittuppādenevettha appanaṃ pāpetīti attho.
Jānāmipassāmīti iminā
panassa ābhogo kathito. So ca kho samāpattito vuṭṭhitassa, na
antosamāpattiyaṃ. Evaṃsaññī hotīti
ābhogasaññāyapi jhānasaññāyapi evaṃsaññī hoti. Abhibhavasaññā hissa
antosamāpattiyampi atthi, ābhogasaññā pana samāpattito vuṭṭhitasseva.
Appamāṇānīti
vaḍḍhitappamāṇāni, mahantānīti attho. Abhibhuyyāti
ettha pana yathā mahagghaso puriso ekaṃ bhattavaḍḍhitakaṃ labhitvā
‘‘aññampi hotu, kiṃ etaṃ mayhaṃ karissatī’’ti taṃ na mahantato passati,
evameva ñāṇuttaro puggalo visadañāṇo ‘‘kiṃ ettha samāpajjitabbaṃ
, nayidaṃ appamāṇaṃ, na mayhaṃ cittekaggatākaraṇe
bhāro atthī’’ti tāni abhibhavitvā samāpajjati, saha nimittuppādenevettha
appanaṃ pāpetīti attho.
Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññīti
alābhitāya vā anatthikatāya vā ajjhattarūpe parikammasaññāvirahito.
Bahiddhā rūpāni passatīti
yassa parikammampi nimittampi bahiddhāva uppannaṃ, so evaṃ bahiddhā
parikammassa ceva appanāya ca vasena ‘‘ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī ekova
bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’ti vuccati. Sesamettha catutthaabhibhāyatane
vuttanayameva. Imesu pana catūsu parittaṃ vitakkacaritavasena āgataṃ,
appamāṇaṃ mohacaritavasena, suvaṇṇaṃ dosacaritavasena, dubbaṇṇaṃ
rāgacaritavasena . Etesañhi etāni sappāyāni, sā ca
nesaṃ sappāyatā vitthārato visuddhimagge cariyaniddese vuttā.
Pañcamaabhibhāyatanādīsu nīlānīti
sabbasaṅgāhakavasena vuttaṃ. Nīlavaṇṇānīti
vaṇṇavasena. Nīlanidassanānīti
nidassanavasena, apaññāyamānavivarāni asambhinnavaṇṇāni ekanīlāneva
hutvā dissantīti vuttaṃ hoti. Nīlanibhāsānīti
idaṃ pana obhāsavasena vuttaṃ, nīlobhāsāni nīlappabhāyuttānīti attho.
Etena nesaṃ suvisuddhataṃ dasseti. Visuddhavaṇṇavaseneva hi imāni
cattāri abhibhāyatanāni vuttāni. ‘‘Nīlakasiṇaṃ gaṇhanto nīlasmiṃ
nimittaṃ gaṇhāti pupphasmiṃ vā vatthasmiṃ vā vaṇṇadhātuyā vā’’tiādikaṃ
panettha kasiṇakaraṇañca parikammañca appanāvidhānañca sabbaṃ
visuddhimagge vitthārato vuttameva. Imāni pana aṭṭha
abhibhāyatanajjhānāni vaṭṭānipi honti vaṭṭapādakānipi
vipassanāpādakānipi diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānipi abhiññāpādakānipi
nirodhapādakānipi, lokiyāneva pana na lokuttarānīti veditabbāni.
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47-54. Quán tưởng nội sắc, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc có hạn lượng, đẹp, xấu, vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi
nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ... "
Quán tưởng nội sắc, thấy các loại
ngoại sắc vô lượng, đẹp, xấu, vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp thắng
chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ... "
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc có hạn lượng, đẹp, xấu, vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi
nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ... "
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc vô lượng, đẹp, xấu, vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp
thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ... "
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc màu xanh, tướng sắc xanh, hình sắc xanh, ánh sáng xanh.
Vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ... "
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc màu vàng, tướng sắc vàng, hình sắc vàng, ánh sáng vàng.
Vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ..."
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc màu đỏ, tướng sắc đỏ, hình sắc đỏ, ánh sáng đỏ. Vị ấy
nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta thấy ..."
Quán tưởng vô sắc ở nội tâm, thấy các
loại ngoại sắc màu trắng, tướng sắc trắng, hình sắc trắng, ánh sáng
trắng. Vị ấy nhận thức rằng: "Sau khi nhiếp thắng chúng, ta biết, ta
thấy ..."
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