Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
Visuddhimagga nidānakathā
Visuddhimaggo nāmāyaṃ
gantho piṭakattayasārabhūto sakalaloke paṭipattidīpakaganthānaṃ aggo
hoti seṭṭho pamukho pāmokkho uttamo pavaro cāti viññūhi pasattho. Tattha
hi saṅgītittayārūḷhassa tepiṭakabuddhavacanassa atthaṃ saṃkhipitvā
sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ pakāsitaṃ suvisadañca.
Evaṃ pasatthassetassa visuddhimaggassa nidānakathāyapi
bhavitabbameva. Tasmādāni tampakāsanatthamidaṃ pañhakammaṃ vuccati –
‘‘So panesa visuddhimaggo kena
kato, kadā kato, kattha kato, kasmā kato, kimatthaṃ kato, kiṃ nissāya
kato, kena pakārena kato, kissa sakalaloke patthaṭo’’ti.
Tattha kena
katoti ācariyabuddhaghosattheravarena
tepiṭakasaṅgahaṭṭhakathākārena kato.
Kadā katoti amhākaṃ
bhagavato sammāsambuddhassa sakalalokanāthassa parinibbutikālato pacchā
dasame vassasatake (973 -buddhavasse) kato.
Kattha katoti
sīhaḷadīpe anurādhapure mahāvihāre kato.
Kasmā katoti
visuddhikāmānaṃ sādhujanānaṃ tadadhigamupāyaṃ sammāpaṭipattinayaṃ
ñāpetukāmatāsaṅkhātena attano ajjhāsayena sañcoditattā, saṅghapālattherena ca
ajjhesitattā kato.
Ettha pana ṭhatvā ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa uppatti kathetabbā, sā ca mahāvaṃse(cūḷavaṃsotipi
voharite dutiyabhāge) sattatiṃsamaparicchede
pannarasādhikadvisatagāthāto (37, 215) paṭṭhāya bāttiṃsāya gāthāhi
pakāsitāyeva. Kathaṃ? –
Mahāvaṃsa-buddhaghosakathā
215.
Bodhimaṇḍasamīpamhi, jāto brāhmaṇamāṇavo;
Vijjā-sippa-kalā-vedī, tīsu vedesu pāragū.
216.
Sammā viññātasamayo, sabbavādavisārado;
Vādatthī jambudīpamhi, āhiṇḍanto pavādiko.
217.
Vihārameka’māgamma, rattiṃ pātañjalīmataṃ;
Parivatteti sampuṇṇa-padaṃ suparimaṇḍalaṃ.
218.
Tattheko revato nāma,
mahāthero vijāniya;
‘‘Mahāpañño ayaṃ satto, dametuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, so.
219.
‘‘Ko nu gadrabharāvena, viravanto’’ti abravi;
‘‘Gadrabhānaṃ rave atthaṃ, kiṃ jānāsī’’ti āha taṃ.
220.
‘‘Ahaṃ jāne’’ti vutto so, otāresi sakaṃ mataṃ;
Puṭṭhaṃ puṭṭhaṃ viyākāsi, viraddhampi ca dassayi.
221.
‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ sakaṃ vāda-motārehī’’ti codito;
Pāḷi’māhā’bhidhammassa, attha’massa na so’dhigā.
222.
Āha‘‘kasse’sa manto’’ti,‘‘buddhamanto’’ti so’bravi;
‘‘Dehi metaṃ’’ti vutte hi, ‘‘gaṇha pabbajja taṃ’’iti.
223.
Mantatthī pabbajitvā so, uggaṇhi piṭakattayaṃ;
Ekāyano ayaṃ maggo, iti pacchā ta’maggahi.
224.
Buddhassa viya gambhīra-ghosattā naṃ viyākaruṃ;
Buddhaghosoti ghoso
hi, buddho viya mahītale.
225.
Tattha ñāṇodayaṃ[ñāṇodayaṃ
nāmapakaraṇaṃ idāni kuhiñcipi na dissati;] nāma,
katvā pakaraṇaṃ tadā;
Dhammasaṅgaṇiyākāsi, kacchaṃ so aṭṭhasāliniṃ[idāni
dissamānā pana aṭṭhasālinī sīhaḷadīpikāyeva; na jambudīpikā; parato
(54-55 piṭṭhesu) esa āvibhavissati].
226.
Parittaṭṭhakathañceva [parittaṭṭhakathanti
piṭakattayassa saṅkhepato atthavaṇṇanābhūtā khuddakaṭṭhakathāti
adhippetā bhavesu], kātuṃ ārabhi buddhimā;
Taṃ disvā revato thero, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
227.
‘‘Pāḷimattaṃ idhānītaṃ, natthi aṭṭhakathā idha [ettha
sagībhittayārūḷhā moggaliputtatissattherassa santikā uggahitā
sissānusissaparamparātatā mūlaṭṭhakathā kasmā jambudīpe sabbaso
antarahitāti vimaṃsitabbaṃ];
Tathācariyavādā ca, bhinnarūpā na vijjare.
228.
Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā suddhā, mahindena matīmatā;
Saṅgītittayamārūḷhaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ.
229.
Sāriputtādigītañca, kathāmaggaṃ samekkhiya;
Katā sīhaḷabhāsāya, sīhaḷesu pavattati.
230.
Taṃ tattha gantvā sutvā tvaṃ, māgadhānaṃ niruttiyā;
Parivattehi, sā hoti, sabbalokahitāvahā’’.
231.
Evaṃ vutte pasanno so, nikkhamitvā tato imaṃ;
Dīpaṃ āgā imasseva [idassevāti
imasseva mahānāmarañño kāle 953-975 buddhavasse; ayañca vassaparicchedo
sīhaḷarājavaṃsaṃ nissāya dassito; yuropiyavicakkhaṇānaṃ pana matena
941-964 buddhavasse iti veditabbo; evamuparipi;], rañño kāle
mahāmati.
232.
Mahāvihāraṃ sampatto, vihāraṃ sabbasādhunaṃ;
Mahāpadhānagharaṃ gantvā, saṅghapālassa santikā.
233.
Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ sutvā, theravādañca sabbaso;
‘‘Dhammassāmissa esova, adhippāyo’’ti nicchiya.
234.
Tattha saṅghaṃ samānetvā, ‘‘kātuṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ mama;
Potthake detha sabbe’’ti, āha, vīmaṃsituṃ sa taṃ.
235.
Saṅgho gāthādvayaṃ tassā’dāsi
‘‘sāmatthiyaṃ tava;
Ettha dassehi, taṃ disvā, sabbe demāti potthake’’ [234-5
gāthāsu ayamatthayojanā– ‘‘tattha mahāvihāre saṃghaṃ mahānetvā saṃgha
sannipātaṃ kāretvā ācariyapubbaddhaghoso evamāha ‘aṭṭhakathaṃ kātuṃ
sabbe pāḷi-aṭṭhakathā-potthake mama dethā’ti; so saṃgho taṃ vīmaṃsituṃ
saṃyuttanikāyato ‘antojaṭā’tiādikaṃ ca ‘sīle patiṭṭhāyā’tiādikaṃ cāti
gāthādvayaṃ tassa adāsi ‘ettha tava sāmatthiyaṃ ñāṇappabhāvaṃ dasseti;
taṃ disvā sabbe potthake demā’tivatvā’’ti; iminā pana ayamatthā dassito
hoti ‘‘ācariya buddhaghoso visuddhimaggaṃ karonto tadeva gāthādvayaṃ
oloketvā, kiñcipi aññaṃ potthakaṃ anoloketvā akāsī’’ti; tassa
panatthassa yuttāyuttavicāraṇā parato (39-49-piṭṭhesu) āgamissati].
236.
Piṭakattaya’mettheva, saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya so;
Visuddhimaggaṃ nāmā’kā,
saṅgahetvā samāsato.
237.
Tato saṅghaṃ samūhetvā, sambuddhamatakovidaṃ;
Mahābodhisamīpamhi, so taṃ vācetu mārabhi.
238.
Devatā tassa nepuññaṃ, pakāsetuṃ mahājane;
Chādesuṃ potthakaṃ sopi, dvattikkhattumpi taṃ akā [238
gāthāya ayamattho– ‘‘devatā tassa buddhaghosassa nepuññaṃ
nipuṇaññāppasāvaṃ mahājanassa pakāsetuṃ tena likhitaṃ
visuddhimaggapotthakaṃ chādesuṃ paṭicchādetvā apassiyabhāvaṃ pāpetvā
ṭhapesuṃ; sopi buddhaghoso dutiyampi taṃ likhi, tampi devatā chadesuṃ;
tatiyampi likhī’’ti; tena vuttaṃ ‘‘dvattikkhattumpi taṃ akā’’ti; idameva
mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ nissāya vittāretvā kathitāya buddhaghosuppattiyā nāma
kathāla ekaratteneva visuddhimaggassa tikkhattumpi likhitvā
niṭṭhāpitabhāvo pakāsito; īdisī pana kathā bahūnaṃ vimhayajananīpi
parikkhakānaṃ saṃsayajananī hoti; tasmā imissāpi vicāraṇā parato
(47-8-piṭṭhesu) dassiyissati].
239.
Vācetuṃ tatiye vāre, potthake samudāhaṭe;
Potthakadvaya’maññampi, saṇṭhapesuṃ tahiṃ marū.
240.
Vācayiṃsu tadā bhikkhū, potthakattaya’mekato;
Ganthato atthato vāpi, pubbāparavasena vā.
241.
Theravādehi pāḷīhi, padehi byañjanehi vā;
Aññathattamahū neva, potthakesupi tīsupi.
242.
Atha ugghosayī saṅgho,
tuṭṭhahaṭṭho visesato;
Nissaṃsayaṃ’sa metteyyo, iti
vatvā punappunaṃ.
243.
Saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāyā’dā, potthake piṭakattaye;
Ganthākare vasanto so, vihāre dūrasaṅkare.
244.
Parivattesi sabbāpi, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā tadā;
Sabbesaṃ mūlabhāsāya, māgadhāya niruttiyā.
245.
Sattānaṃ sabbabhāsānaṃ, sā ahosi hitāvahā;
Theriyācariyā sabbe, pāḷiṃ viya ta’maggahuṃ.
246.
Atha kattabbakiccesu, gatesu pariniṭṭhitiṃ;
Vandituṃ so mahābodhiṃ, jambudīpaṃ
upāgamī’’ti [so
mahābodhi vandituṃ jambudīpaṃ upāgamīti idaṃ vacanaṃ purimavacanehi
asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ viya hoti; pubbe hi ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe
jāto’’ti ca, ‘‘sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo māgadhabhāsāya
parivattehīti tassācariyena revatattherena vutto’’ti ca vuttaṃ; tasmā
idhāpi ācariyabuddhaghosassa pavatti tadanurūpā ‘‘tā
bhāsāparivattitaṭṭhakathāyo ādāya sāsanujjotanatthaṃ jambudīpaṃ
upāgamī’’ti evamādinā sāsanujjotanamūlikā eva bhavituṃ arahati, na pana
mahābodhivandanamūlikāti].
Ayañca pana mahāvaṃsakathā 1950 - kharistavassehābadamahāvijjālayamuddaṇayante romakkharena
mudditassa visuddhimaggapotthakassa purecārikakathāyaṃ ‘‘anekānettha
atthi vicāretabbānī’’ti vatvādhammānandakosambīnāmakena
vicakkhaṇena vicāritā. Tamettha yuttāyuttavicinanāya dassetvā
anuvicāraṇampissa karissāma.
Jātidesavicāraṇā
1. Tattha hi
tena dhammānandena ‘‘buddhaghoso
bodhimaṇḍasamīpe (buddhagayāyaṃ) jātoti na yuttameta’’nti vatvā
taṃsādhanatthāya cattāri byatirekakāraṇāni dassitāni. Kathaṃ?
(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghosena pakāsitesu taṃkālikavatthūsu ekampi taṃ natthi, yaṃ
magadhesu uppanna’’nti paṭhamaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Tadakāraṇameva.
Ācariyabuddhaghosatthero hi saṅgahaṭṭhakathāyo karonto
porāṇaṭṭhakathāyoyeva saṃkhipitvā,
bhāsāparivattanamattena ca visesetvā akāsi, na pana yaṃ vā taṃ vā attano
diṭṭhasutaṃ dassetvā. Vuttañhetaṃ ācariyena –
‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañca samārabhanto,
Tassā mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ sarīraṃ;
Katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ tatheva,
Kurundināmādisu vissutāsu.
Vinicchayo aṭṭhakathāsu vutto,
Yo yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto;
Athopi antogadhatheravādaṃ,
Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samma samārabhissa’’nti [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.
‘‘Tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā,
Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā;
Vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvā,
Tantikkamaṃ kiñci avokkamitvā.
Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ,
Suttānurūpaṃ paridīpayantī;
Yasmā ayaṃ hessati vaṇṇanāpi,
Sakkacca tasmā anusikkhitabbā’’ti [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.
Yatheva ca ācariyabuddhaghosena attano aṭṭhakathāsu taṃkālikāni
māgadhikāni vatthūni na pakāsitāni, tatheva sīhaḷikānipi
dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikānipi. Na hi tattha vasabharājakālato
(609-653 -buddhavassa) pacchā uppannavatthūni diṭṭhāni ṭhapetvā mahāsenarājavatthuṃ[pārā.
aṭṭha. 2.236-237], ācariyo ca tato tisatamattavassehi pacchātare mahānāmarañño kāle
(953-975-bu-va) sīhaḷadīpamupāgato. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāsu
taṃkālikamāgadhikavatthūnaṃ appakāsanamattena na sakkā takkattā na
māgadhikoti ñātunti.
[Kha) punapi tena ‘‘sabbesupi
buddhaghosaganthesu uttaraindiyadesāyattaṃ paccakkhato diṭṭhassa viya
pakāsanaṃ natthī’’ti dutiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Tassapi akāraṇabhāvo
purimavacaneneva veditabbo. Apica sāratthappakāsiniyā nāma
saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ,sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā nāma
dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyañca vuttasaṃvaṇṇanāyapi veditabbo. Tattha hi –
‘‘Yatheva hi kalambanadītīrato rājamātuvihāradvārena thūpārāmaṃ
gantabbaṃ hoti, evaṃ hiraññavatikāya nāma nadiyā pārimatīrato sālavanaṃ
uyyānaṃ. Yathā anurādhapurassa thūpārāmo, evaṃ taṃ kusinārāya hoti.
Thūpārāmato dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisanamaggo pācīnamukho gantvā
uttarena nivattati, evaṃ uyyānato sālapanti pācīnamukhā gantvā uttarena
nivattā. Tasmā taṃ upavattananti vuccatī’’ti[saṃ.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.186; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.198] –
Paccakkhato diṭṭhassa viya pakāsanampi dissateva. Tampi pana
porāṇaṭṭhakathāhi bhāsāparivattanamattamevāti gahetabbaṃ, tādisāya
atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya mahāmahindattherakālatoyeva pabhuti vuttāya eva
bhavitabbattāti.
[Ga) punapi tena ‘‘uṇhassāti aggisantāpassa, tassa vanadāhādīsu sambhavo
veditabbo’’tivisuddhimagge (1,
30-piṭṭhe) vuttasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ pakāsetvā ‘‘tassā panassa avahasanīyabhāvo
pākaṭoyevā’’ti ca hīḷetvā ‘‘indiyaraṭṭhe pana uttaradesesu gimhakāle
vatthacchādanarahitā mānusakāyacchavi sūriyasantāpena ekaṃsato dayhati,
taṃ na jānanti dakkhiṇaindiyadesikā’’ti tatiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ daḷhatarabhāvena
dassitaṃ. Tattha pana yadi ‘‘sūriyasantāpena ekaṃsato dayhatī’’ti etaṃ
ujukato sūriyarasmisantāpeneva daḍḍhabhāvaṃ sandhāya vucceyya, evaṃ sati ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānanti
padeātapasaddena samānatthattā
na yuttameva. Yadi pana sūriyasantāpasañjātena uṇhautunā daḍḍhabhāvaṃ
sandhāya vucceyya, evaṃ sati uttaraindiyadesesu, aññattha ca tādisesu
atiuṇhaṭṭhānesu sūriyasantāpasañjātassa uṇhautuno paṭighātāya cīvaraṃ
senāsanañca paṭisevīyatīti ayamattho na na yutto. Tathā hi vuttaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (3,
58)
‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhanti
utuvisabhāgavasena vutta’’nti.
Sā pana visuddhimagge padatthasaṃvaṇṇanā porāṇasuttantaṭṭhakathāhi āgatā
bhaveyya. Tathā hi vuttaṃ papañcasūdaniyā nāma
majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāyasabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ
(1, 58) ‘‘uṇhanti
cettha aggisantāpova veditabbo, sūriyasantāpavasena panetaṃ vatthu
vutta’’nti. Ettha ca sacāyamattho ācariyena attano mativasena vutto
assa, tassa vatthussa porāṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttabhāvañca tassā
atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya attano matibhāvañca yuttabhāvañca pakāseyya. Ācariyo
hi yattha yattha porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu avuttatthaṃ visesetvā dasseti, tattha
tattha tādisaṃ ñāpakavacanampi pakāsetiyeva, yathā sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ (1,
72) ‘‘ettha āṇattiyanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti, aṭṭhakathāsu
pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā’’ti vacanaṃ, yathā capapañcasūdaniyaṃ (1,
30) ‘‘avicāritametaṃ porāṇehi, ayaṃ pana attano matī’’ti vacanaṃ. Na
cettha kiñcipi ñāpakavacanaṃ pakāsitaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘yadetaṃ ‘uṇhassāti
aggisantāpassā’ti ca,‘uṇhanti
cettha aggisantāpova veditabbo’ti ca vacanaṃ, etaṃ
porāṇasuttantaṭṭhakathāvacana’’nti veditabbanti.
(Gha) punapi tena ‘‘papañcasūdaniyā nāma
majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃgopālakasuttaṃ saṃvaṇṇento [ma.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.350] buddhaghoso
‘magadhavideharaṭṭhānaṃ antare gaṅgāya nadiyā majjhe vālukatthaladīpakā
atthī’ti saddahati maññe. Buddhaghosena pana diṭṭhagaṅgā sīhaḷadīpe
mahāveligaṅgāyeva, na pana indiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ seṭṭhasammatā mahāgaṅgāti
pākaṭoyevāyamattho’’ti catutthaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Taṃ pana idāni
mahāgaṅgāya majjhe tasmiṃ ṭhāne tādisaṃ dīpakaṃ adisvā ‘‘pubbepi evameva
bhaveyyā’’ti ekaṃsato gahetvā vuttavacanamattameva. Nadiyo pana
sabbadāpi tenevākārena tiṭṭhantīti na sakkā gahetunti
pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Tasmā yathā pubbe tassa gopālassa kāle tasmiṃ ṭhāne
majjhe gaṅgāya tādisā dīpakā saṃvijjamānā ahesuṃ, tatheva
porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu esa attho saṃvaṇṇito, tadeva
ca vacanaṃ ācariyena bhāsāparivattanaṃ katvā pakāsitanti evameva
gahetabbaṃ. Tasmā tampi akāraṇamevāti.
Brāhmaṇakulavicāraṇā
2. Atha
‘‘brāhmaṇamāṇavo’’ti padampi tena evaṃ vicāritaṃ –
(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghoso ‘brāhmaṇakulajāto’ti na sakkā gahetuṃ. Kasmā
vedakālato paṭṭhāya yāvajjatanā sabbepi brāhmaṇā
Brāhmaṇosya mukhamāsīdi, bāhū rājanya? Kata?;
Ūrū tadasya yada vagya?, Padbhyāṃ gūdro ajāyatā’’ti [iruveda,
10-maṇḍala, 90; tathā athava 6 veda 19, 6, 6].
Imaṃ purisasuttaṃ nāma
mantaṃ jānantīti saddahiyā.
Ayaṃ panassā attho – ‘brāhmaṇo assa (brahmuno) mukhaṃ āsi. Bāhū rājañño
kato, khattiyā assa bāhūti vuttaṃ hoti. Yo vesso, so assa ūrū. Suddo
assa pādehi ajāyī’ti.
Buddhaghoso pana ‘paṇḍitabrāhmaṇo’ti ñātopi taṃ gāthaṃ na aññāsi. Tathā
hi tenabandhupādāpaccāti
padassa atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘tesaṃ kira ayaṃ laddhi – brāhmaṇā brahmuno
mukhato nikkhantā, khattiyā urato, vessā nābhito, suddā jāṇuto, samaṇā
piṭṭhipādato’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.263; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.508] tissā
vedagāthāya asamānattho vaṇṇito’’ti.
Ayaṃ panettha anuvicāraṇā – yadi ca taṃkālikānampi brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhi
tatheva bhaveyya yathā etissaṃ gāthāyaṃ vuttā, sā catthavaṇṇanā
ācariyassa matimattā. Evaṃ sati sā vicāraṇā yuttā bhaveyya. Etissaṃ pana
gāthāyaṃ ‘‘brāhmaṇosya mukhamāsīdi’’ti paṭhamapādena ‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno
mukhato jātā’’ti attho ujukato na labbhati. Buddhakāle pana brāhmaṇānaṃ
laddhi ‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato jātā’’ti evameva ahosīti
pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Tathā hi dīghanikāye pāthikavagge aggaññasutte (3,
67) –
‘‘Dissanti kho pana vāseṭṭha brāhmaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇiyo utuniyopi
gabbhiniyopi vijāyamānāpi pāyamānāpi. Te ca brāhmaṇā 0
yonijāva samānā evamāhaṃsu – brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā.
Brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā. Brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no
abrāhmaṇā. Brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā
brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādāti. Te brahmānañceva abbhācikkhanti, musā ca
bhāsanti, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavantī’’ti –
Bhagavatā mahākāruṇikena vāseṭṭhabhāradvājānaṃ brāhmaṇamāṇavakānaṃ
bhāsitaṃ, tehi ca taṃ abhinanditaṃ. Te pana dvepi māṇavakā jātivasena
parisuddhabrāhmaṇā ceva honti tiṇṇampi vedānaṃ pāraguno ca. Tasmā
‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato nikkhantā’’ti vacanassa taṃkālikānaṃ
brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhivasena vuttabhāvo pākaṭoyeva. Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ
‘‘khattiyā urato, vessā nābhito, suddā jāṇuto, samaṇā piṭṭhipādato’’ti
vacanampi ‘‘taṃkālikabrāhmaṇānaṃ laddhiññūhi porāṇaṭṭhakathācariyehi
vutta’’nti saddahitvā ācariyabuddhaghosena taṃ sabbaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāto
bhāsāparivattanamattena visesetvā pakāsitaṃ bhaveyya. Tasmā tāyapi
vedagāthāya ācariyassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhanaṃ anupapannamevāti.
(Kha) punapi tena ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhanatthaṃ
dutiyampi kāraṇaṃ evamāhaṭaṃ –
‘‘Brāhmaṇaganthesu gabbhaghātavācakaṃ bhrūnahāti
padaṃ pāḷiyaṃ bhūnahu (bhūnahano) iti dissati. Māgaṇḍiyasutte bhariyāya
methunasaṃvāsābhāvena uppajjanārahagabbhassa nāsakattaṃ sandhāya
māgaṇḍiyo paribbājako bhagavantaṃ ‘bhūnahu (bhūnahano) samaṇo gotamo’ti [ma.
ni. 2.207 ādayo] āha.
Taṃ buddhaghoso na jānātīti pākaṭoyeva tadatthasaṃvaṇṇanāya. Tattha hi
tena bhūnahunoti (bhūnahanassā) padaṃ ‘hatavaḍḍhino mariyādakārakassā’ti [ma.
ni. aṭṭha. 2.207] vaṇṇita’’nti.
Tampi ayuttameva. Na hi māgaṇḍiyena phoṭṭhabbārammaṇāparibhogamattameva
sandhāya bhūnahubhāvo vutto, atha kho channampi lokāmisārammaṇānaṃ
aparibhogaṃ sandhāya vutto. Tasmiñhi sutte –
‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho māgaṇḍiya
rūpārāmaṃ rūparataṃ rūpasammuditaṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa dantaṃ guttaṃ
rakkhitaṃ saṃvutaṃ, tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ nu te etaṃ
māgaṇḍiya sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Etadeva kho pana
me bho gotama sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Taṃ kissa
hetu, evañhi no sutte ocaratīti…pe… mano kho māgaṇḍiya dhammārāmo
dhammarato dhammasammudito, so tathāgatassa danto gutto rakkhito
saṃvuto, tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ nu te etaṃ māgaṇḍiya
sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Etadeva kho pana me bho
gotama sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu,
evañhi no sutte ocaratī’’ti [ma.
ni. 2.207 ādayo].
Evaṃ bhagavato ca anuyogo māgaṇḍiyassa ca paṭiññā āgatā.
Ettha hi methunappaṭisevanavasena phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaparibhogahetu eva
gabbhapatiṭṭhānaṃ sambhavatīti tadaparibhogameva sandhāya ‘‘bhūnahū’’ti
vattuṃ arahati, tadaññesaṃ pana pañcannaṃ rūpādiārammaṇānaṃ, tatthāpi
visesato dhammārammaṇassa suddhamanoviññāṇena paribhogahetu natthi kiñci
gabbhapatiṭṭhānanti tesaṃ aparibhogaṃ sandhāya bhūnahūti vattuṃ na
arahatiyeva, māgaṇḍiyena pana sabbānipi tāni sandhāya vuttabhāvo
paṭiññāto, kāraṇañcassa dassitaṃ ‘‘evañhi no sutte ocaratī’’ti. Tasmā
kiñcāpi dāni brāhmaṇaganthesu bhūnahu- (bhrūnahā) saddo
gabbhaghātanatthe dissati, māgaṇḍiyasutte paneso attho na yujjatīti
ācariyena ‘‘hatavaḍḍhi mariyādakārako’’ti ayamevattho porāṇaṭṭhakathāya
bhāsāparivattanavasena pakāsitoti veditabbo.
(Ga) punapi tena ‘‘idampana buddhaghosassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhakaṃ
pacchimakāraṇaṃ, so hi visuddhimagge sīlaniddese
(1, 31) brāhmaṇānaṃ parihāsaṃ karonto ‘evaṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭisevanena
purāṇañca jighacchāvedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ
aparimitabhojanapaccayaṃ āharahatthaka
alaṃsāṭaka tatravaṭṭaka kākamāsaka bhuttavamitakabrāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya
na uppādessāmīti paṭisevatī’ti āha. Idaṃ pana ekassa
bhinnabrāhmaṇaladdhikassāpi vacanaṃ siyāti tadeva daḷhakāraṇaṃ katvā na
sakkā ‘buddhaghoso abrāhmaṇo’ti vattu’’nti tatiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ
pana atisaṃvejanīyavacanameva. Na hetaṃ ācariyena brāhmaṇānaṃ parihāsaṃ
kātukāmena vuttaṃ, na ca taṃ parihāsavacanena saṃyojetabbaṭṭhānaṃ,
aññadatthu yathābhūtamatthaṃ dassetvā sabrahmacārīnaṃ
ovādānusāsanidānavasena vattabbaṭṭhānaṃ, tathāyeva ca ācariyena vuttaṃ.
Tathā hi ye loke paradattūpajīvino samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aññe vāpi ca
puggalā, te paccavekkhaṇañāṇarahitā asaṃvare ṭhitā kadāci atipaṇītaṃ
rasaṃ pahūtaṃ laddhā aparimitampi bhuñjeyyuṃ, visesato pana brāhmaṇā
lokikavatthuvasena ca, jātakādisāsanikavatthuvasena ca tādisā ahesunti
pākaṭā. Imasmiñhi loke vassasatasahassehi vā vassakoṭīhi vā
aparicchinnaddhāne ko sakkā vattuṃ ‘‘nedisā bhūtapubbā’’ti. Tasmā
tādisehi viya na aparimitabhojanehi bhavitabbanti
ovādānusāsanidānavaseneva vuttaṃ. Tadevaṃ atthasaṃhitampi samānaṃ
ayonisomanasikaroto anatthameva jātaṃ, yathā sabhariyassa
māgaṇḍiyabrāhmaṇassa anāgāmimaggaphalatthāyapi desitā gāthā [dha.
pa. aṭṭha. 1.sāmāvatīvatthu] tesaṃ
dhītuyā anatthāya saṃvattatīti saṃvegoyevettha brūhetabboti.
Patañjalivādavicāraṇā
3. Atha tena
‘‘pātañjalīmataṃ parivattetī’’ti vacanampi evaṃ vicāritaṃ.
(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghoso patañjalissa vā aññesaṃ vā uttaraindiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ
vādaṃ appakameva aññāsi. Patañjalivādesu hi aṇimā
laghimāti idameva dvayaṃ dassesi [visuddhi.
1.144] tatuttari
yogasuttaṃ ajānanto, patañjalivādassa ca tuletvā dīpanā tassa ganthesu
na dissati, patañjalinā katapakaraṇañca patañjalīti nāmamattampi ca
tattha dīpitaṃ natthi.Visuddhimagge pana
paññābhūminiddese ‘pakativādīnaṃ pakati viyā’ti [visuddhi.
2.584]pakativāda (saṃkhyāvāda) nāmamattaṃ pakāsitaṃ, tattheva ca
‘paṭiññā hetūtiādīsu hi loke vacanāvayavo hetūti
vuccatī’ti [visuddhi.
2.595] udāharitaṃ,
tena ñāyati ‘buddhaghoso indiyatakkanayadīpake ñāyaganthasmiṃ kiñci
mūlabhāgamattaṃ aparipuṇṇaṃ jānātī’ti’’.
Taṃ pana sabbampi kevalaṃ ācariyassa abbhācikkhaṇamattameva.
Atigambhīrassa hi atigarukātabbassa suparisuddhassa piṭakattayassa
atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena suparisuddhoyeva pāḷinayo ca aṭṭhakathānayo
ca porāṇatheravādā cāti īdisāyeva atthā pakāsetabbā, yaṃ vā pana
atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upakārakaṃ saddavinicchayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ
lokiyaganthavacanaṃ, tadeva ca yathārahaṃ pakāsetabbaṃ, na pana
anupakārānipi taṃtaṃganthatakkattunāmāni ca, tehi vuttavacanāni ca
bahūni, na ca tesaṃ appakāsanena ‘‘na te aṭṭhakathācariyo jānātī’’ti
vattabbo. Yadi hi yaṃ yaṃ lokiyaganthaṃ attanā jānāti, taṃ sabbaṃ
anupakārampi attano aṭṭhakathāyamānetvā pakāseyya, ativitthārā ca sā
bhaveyya aparisuddhā ca asammānitā ca sāsanikaviññūhīti ācariyena
patañjalivādādayo na vitthārena pakāsitāti ñātabbaṃ, aññadatthu yehi
yehi lokiyaganthehi kiñci kiñci ācariyena ānetvā pakāsitaṃ, te te ca
ganthā, aññepi ca tādisā ācariyena ñātātveva jānitabbā viññūhi, yathā
samuddassa ekadesaṃ disvā sabbopi samuddo edisoti ñāyati. Ācariyo pana
yattha yattha vedapaṭisaṃyuttavacanāni āgatāni, tattha tattha
vedaganthehipi kiñci kiñci ānetvā pakāsesiyeva. Tathā hi ācariyena sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ nāma
dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ –
‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ vedānanti
iruvedayajuvedasāmavedāna’’nti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.256] ca,
‘‘Itihāsapañcamānanti
athabbaṇavedaṃ catutthaṃ katvā itiha āsa itiha āsāti
īdisavacanapaṭisaṃyutto purāṇakathāsaṅkhāto itihāso pañcamo etesanti
itihāsapañcamā, tesaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ vedāna’’nti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.256] ca,
‘‘Yiṭṭhaṃ vuccati mahāyāgo’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.170-172] ca,
‘‘Aggihomanti evarūpena
dārunā evaṃ hute idaṃ nāma hotīti aggijuhanaṃ. Dabbihomādīnipi
aggihomāneva, evarūpāya dabbiyā īdisehi kaṇādīhi hute idaṃ nāma hotīti
evaṃ pavattivasena pana visuṃ vuttānī’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.21] ca,
‘‘Sāsapādīni pana mukhena gahetvā aggimhi pakkhipanaṃ, vijjaṃ
parijappitvā juhanaṃ vā mukhahoma’’nti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.21] ca –
Evamādinā vedapaṭisaṃyuttavacanāni vedaganthānurūpato vaṇṇitāni. Tāni ca
porāṇaṭṭhakathāto bhāsāparivattanavasena vuttānipi bhaveyyuṃ,
vedaganthesu pana akovidena yāthāvato bhāsāparivattanaṃ kātumpi na
sukarameva, tasmā ācariyassa vedaganthesu kovidabhāvopi pākaṭoyeva. Evaṃ
vedaganthesu ca tadaññalokiyaganthesu ca sukovidasseva samānassa tesaṃ
vitthārato appakāsanaṃ yathāvuttakāraṇenevāti veditabbaṃ.
Api ca ācariyo attano ganthārambheyeva –
‘‘Tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā,
Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā;
Vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvā…pe…
Yasmā ayaṃ hessati vaṇṇanāpī’’ti [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.
‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropetvā vigatadosaṃ.
Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsinaṃ;
Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca–
Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanasaṃkhipanavaseneva visesetvā
abhinavaṭṭhakathāyo karissāmīti paṭiññaṃ katvā yathāpaṭiññātameva akāsi,
na attano ñāṇappabhāvena visesetvātipi veditabbaṃ. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāsu patañjalivādādīnaṃ
vitthārato appakāsanamārabbha ‘‘buddhaghoso patañjalivādādīni paripuṇṇaṃ
na jānātī’’ti vacanaṃ kevalaṃ ācariyassa abbhācikkhaṇamattamevāti.
Kabbasatthavicāraṇā
4. Punapi so
evamāha ‘‘kiñcāpi buddhaghoso rāmāyaṇamahābhāratasaṅkhātānaṃ
mahākabbasatthānaṃ sukusalo viya na dissati, tathāpi tāni dassesi.
Kathaṃ? Akkhānanti
bhāratayujjhanādikaṃ, taṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne kathīyati, tattha gantumpi na
vaṭṭatīti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.13] ca,
tassa (samphapalāpassa) dve sambhārā
bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā
tathārūpikathākathanañcāti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.8] ca
dassesī’’ti.
Taṃ pana purimavacanatopi ahetukataraṃ kevalaṃ anādarīkaraṇamattameva.
Atigambhīratthassa hi atigarukaraṇīyassa piṭakattayassa
atthasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ niratthakassa samphapalāpasamudāyabhūtassa
kabbasatthassa vitthārato pakāsanena kiṃ siyā payojanaṃ, aññadatthu
sāyevassa asammānitā, anādariyā ca viññūhīti.
Bāhusaccaguṇamakkhanaṃ
5. Punapi
dhammānando ācariyassa bāhusaccaguṇaṃ makkhetukāmo evamāha – ‘‘tassa
(buddhaghosassa) samayantarakovidasaṅkhātaṃ bāhusaccaṃ na tato
uttaritaraṃ hoti, yaṃ ādhunikānaṃ ganthantarakovidānaṃ
sīhaḷikabhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ vā ekādasame kharistavassasatake (1001-1100)
uppannānaṃ dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ anuruddha-dhammapālādīnaṃ
bhikkhūna’’nti.
Taṃ pana sabbathāpi ayuttavacanameva. Yadi hi ādhunikā vā
sīhaḷikabhikkhū, porāṇā vā ācariyaanuruddha-dhammapālattherādayo
samayantarabāhusaccavasena ācariyabuddhaghosena samānā vā uttaritarā vā
bhaveyyuṃ, te ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa aṭṭhakathāhi anāraddhacittā
hutvā tato sundaratarā paripuṇṇatarā ca abhinavaṭṭhakathāyo kareyyuṃ, na
pana te tathā karonti, na kevalaṃ na karontiyeva, atha kho
tesaṃ ekopi na evaṃ vadati ‘‘ahaṃ buddhaghosena bāhusaccavasena
samasamoti vā uttaritaro’’ti vā, aññadatthu te ācariyassa
aṭṭhakathāyoyeva saṃvaṇṇenti ca upatthambhenti ca, ācariyaṭṭhāne ca
ṭhapenti. Tenetaṃ ñāyati sabbathāpi ayuttavacananti.
Mahāyānikanayavicāraṇā
6. Puna so
tāvattakenāpi asantuṭṭho ācariyaṃ avamaññanto evamāha –
‘‘mahāyānanikāyassa padhānācariyabhūtānaṃ assa
ghosa-nāgajjunānaṃ nayaṃ
vā, nāmamattampi vā tesaṃ na jānāti maññe buddhaghoso’’ti. Taṃ pana
ativiya adhammikaṃ niratthakañca niggahavacanamattameva. Na hi
nikāyantarikānaṃ vādanayānaṃ attano aṭṭhakathāyaṃ appakāsanena so te na
jānātīti sakkā vattuṃ. Nanu ācariyena āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ganthārambheyeva
–
‘‘Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsina’’nti ca,
Idhāpi visuddhimagge –
‘‘Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, desanānayanissitaṃ;
Visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissa’’nti [visuddhi.
1.2] ca,
‘‘Tassā atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena vibhajjavādimaṇḍalaṃ otaritvā ācariye
anabbhācikkhantena sakasamayaṃ avokkamantena parasamayaṃ anāyūhantena
suttaṃ appaṭibāhantena vinayaṃ anulomentena mahāpadese olokentena
dhammaṃ dīpentena atthaṃ saṅgāhentena tamevatthaṃ punarāvattetvā
aparehipi pariyāyantarehi niddisantena ca yasmā atthasaṃvaṇṇanā kātabbā
hotī’’ti [visuddhi.
2.581] ca,
‘‘Sāsanaṃ panidaṃ nānā-desanānayamaṇḍitaṃ;
Pubbācariyamaggo ca, abbocchinno pavattati;
Yasmā tasmā tadubhayaṃ, sannissāyatthavaṇṇanaṃ;
Ārabhissāmi etassā’’ti [visuddhi.
2.581] ca,
Paṭiññaṃ katvā
yathāpaṭiññātappakāreneva aṭṭhakathāyo katā. Evametāsaṃ karaṇe
kāraṇampettha pakāsetabbaṃ, tasmā dāni tampakāsanatthaṃ
sammāsambuddhassa parinibbutikālato paṭṭhāya yāva ācariyabuddhaghosassa
kālo, tāva sāsanappavattikkamampi vakkhāma.
Sāsanappavattikkamo
Bhagavato hi parinibbutikālato pacchā vassasatabbhantare buddhasāsane
kocipi vādabhedo nāma natthi. Vassasatakāle pana dutiyasaṅgītikārehi
therehi nikkaḍḍhitā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū pakkhaṃ labhitvā dhammañca
vinayañca aññathā katvā mahāsaṅgītināmena visuṃ saṅgītimakaṃsu. Tadā
saṅgītidvayārūḷhapurāṇadhammavinayameva sampaṭicchantānaṃ therānaṃ gaṇo theravādoti
ca tadaññesaṃ mahāsaṅghikoti
ca voharīyanti.
Puna mahāsaṅghikato (1) gokuliko (2) ekabyohārikoti
dve ācariyagaṇā uppannā. Puna gokulikato (3) paññattivādo (4) bāhuliko
(bahussutiko)ti dve uppannā. Puna bāhulikatopi (5) cetiyavādigaṇo uppannoti
ete pañca mūlabhūtena mahāsaṅghikena saha cha pāṭiyekkā ācariyagaṇā
ahesuṃ.
Visuddhattheravādatopi (1) mahisāsako (2) vajjiputtakoti
dve ācariyagaṇā uppannā. Puna mahisāsakato (3) sabbatthivādo (4) dhammaguttikoti
dve uppannā. Puna sabbatthivādatopi (5) kassapiyo, tatopi
(6) saṅkantiko, tatopi
(7) suttavādīti
tayo uppannā. Vajjiputtakatopi (8) dhammottariyo (9) bhaddayāniko (10) channāgāriko (11)sammitiyoti
cattāro uppannāti te ekādasa mūlabhūtena visuddhattheravādena saha
dvādasa ācariyagaṇā ahesuṃ. Iti ime ca dvādasa purimā ca chāti aṭṭhārasa
ācariyagaṇā dutiyatatiyasaṅgītīnaṃ antare jātā ahesuṃ.
Tesu mūlabhūto theravādagaṇoyeva
porāṇadhammavinayagaruko hutvā anūnamanadhikaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ
parisuddhaṃ porāṇikaṃ dhammavinayaṃ dhāresi. Itare pana sattarasa
bhinnagaṇā porāṇikaṃ dhammavinayaṃ aññathā akaṃsu.
Tena tesaṃ dhammavinayo katthaci ūno katthaci adhiko hutvā aparipuṇṇo
ceva ahosi aparisuddho ca. Tena vuttaṃ dīpavaṃse pañcamaparicchede –
30.
‘‘Nikkaḍḍhitā pāpabhikkhū, therehi vajjiputtakā;
Aññaṃ pakkhaṃ labhitvāna, adhammavādī bahū janā.
31.
Dasasahassā samāgantvā, akaṃsu dhammasaṅgahaṃ;
Tasmāyaṃ dhammasaṅgīti, mahāsaṅgītīti vuccati.
32.
Mahāsaṅgītikā bhikkhū, vilomaṃ akaṃsu sāsane;
Bhinditvā mūlasaṅgahaṃ, aññaṃ akaṃsu saṅgahaṃ.
33.
Aññatra saṅgahitaṃ suttaṃ, aññatra akariṃsu te;
Atthaṃ dhammañca bhindiṃsu, vinaye nikāyesu ca pañcasu…pe…
49.
Atthaṃ dhammañca bhindiṃsu, ekadesañca saṅgahaṃ;
Ganthañca ekadesañhi, chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ akaṃsu te.
50.
Nāmaṃ liṅgaṃ parikkhāraṃ, ākappakaraṇīyāni ca;
Pakatibhāvaṃ jahitvā, tañca aññaṃ akaṃsu te.
51.
Sattarasa bhinnavādā, ekavādo abhinnako;
Sabbevaṭṭhārasa honti, bhinnavādena te saha.
52.
Nigrodhova mahārukkho, thera vādānamuttamo;
Anūnaṃ anadhikañca, kevalaṃ jinasāsanaṃ;
Kaṇṭakā viya rukkhamhi, nibbattā vādasesakā.
53.
Paṭhame vassasate natthi, dutiye vassasatantare;
Bhinnā sattarasa vādā, uppannā jinasāsane’’ti [kathā.
aṭṭha. nidānakathā].
Asokarañño ca
kāle parihīnalābhasakkārā aññatitthiyā lābhasakkāraṃ patthayamānā
bhikkhūsu pabbajitvā sakāni sakāni diṭṭhigatāni dīpenti ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo,
ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsana’’nti. Bhikkhūnaṃ santike pabbajjaṃ
alabhamānāpi sayameva kese chinditvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā
vihāresu vicarantā uposathakammādikaraṇakāle saṅghamajjhaṃpavisanti, te
bhikkhusaṅghena dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena niggayhamānāpi
dhammavinayānulomāya paṭipattiyā asaṇṭhahantā anekarūpaṃ sāsanassa
abbudañca malañca kaṇṭakañca samuṭṭhāpenti. Keci aggiṃ paricaranti, keci
pañcātape tapanti, keci ādiccaṃ anuparivattanti, keci dhammañca
vinayañca vobhindissāmāti tathā tathā paggaṇhanti. Tadā bhikkhusaṅgho na
tehi saddhiṃ uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā akāsi, asokārāme satta vassāni
uposatho upacchijji [kathā.
aṭṭha. nidānakathā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathā].
Imañca pana pavattiṃ upādāya evampi sakkā gahetuṃ ‘‘sattarasannaṃ
bhinnavādagaṇānaṃ dhammavinayassa pacchimakālesu aparisuddhatarabhāvo
īdisenapi kāraṇena ahosī’’ti. Kiñcāpi hi buddhasāsanabhūte
parisuddhadhammavinaye ‘‘kocipi nicco dhuvo sassato nāma natthi aññatra
nibbānadhātuyā, paramatthato attāpi natthi, sabbepi saṅkhārā aniccā
addhuvā asassatā anattāyevā’’ti attho ativiya pākaṭo hoti, tathāpi dāni
atheravādikānaṃ ganthesu ca pubbe vetullavādādīsu ca ‘‘buddho nicco
dhuvo sassato attā’’ti ca, ‘‘sabbepi sattā niccā dhuvā sassatā attā’’ti
ca attho dissati.
Atha asoko dhammarājā sāsanaṃ visodhetukāmo moggaliputtatissattherassa santike
paṭhamameva samayaṃ uggaṇhitvā ekaladdhike ekaladdhike bhikkhū ekato
kāretvā ekamekaṃ bhikkhusamūhaṃ pakkosāpetvā pucchi ‘‘kiṃ vādī bhante
sammāsambuddho’’ti. Tato ye ye ‘‘sammāsambuddho sassatavādī’’ti vā,
‘‘ekaccasassatavādī’’ti vā evamādinā attano attano vādānurūpaṃ
micchāvādaṃ āhaṃsu, te te ‘‘nayime bhikkhū, aññatitthiyā ime’’ti tathato
ñatvā tesaṃ setakāni vatthāni datvā uppabbājesi. Te sabbepi
saṭṭhisahassamattā ahesuṃ.
Athaññe bhikkhū pucchitvā tehi ‘‘vibhajjavādī mahārāja
sammāsambuddho’’ti vutte ‘‘suddhaṃ dāni bhante sāsanaṃ, karotu
bhikkhusaṅgho uposatha’’nti vatvā ārakkhañca datvā nagaraṃ pāvisi.
Samaggo saṅgho sannipatitvā uposathaṃ akāsi. Tasmiṃ samāgamemoggaliputtatissatthero yāni
ca tadā uppannāni vatthūni
yāni ca āyatiṃ uppajjissanti, sabbesampi tesaṃ paṭibāhanatthaṃ satthārā
dinnanayavaseneva tathāgatena ṭhapitamātikaṃ vibhajanto
parappavādamaddanaṃ kathāvatthuṃ nāma
abhidhammapiṭake pañcamaṃ pakaraṇaṃ abhāsi. Tato
moggaliputtatissattherappamukhā tipiṭakapariyattidharā
pabhinnapaṭisambhidāpattā sahassaṃ bhikkhū theravādino
saṅgītidvayārūḷhaṃ parisuddhaṃ porāṇadhammavinayaṃ puna saṅgāyitvā
surakkhitaṃ rakkhiṃsu [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathā].
Atha moggaliputtatissatthero navasu paccantaṭṭhānesu
sāsanapatiṭṭhāpanatthaṃ nava nāyakatthere uccinitvā pesesi. Tesu aṭṭhahi
therehi attano attano pattaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā buddhasāsane patiṭṭhāpite mahāmahindatthero chattiṃsādhikadvisate
(236) buddhavasse jambudīpato sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā devānaṃpiyatissarājappamukhaṃ
dīpakajanasamūhaṃ pasādetvā buddhasāsanaṃ sampatiṭṭhāpesi, tena ca raññā
dinnaṃ mahāmeghavanuyyānaṃpaṭiggahetvā
tattha mahāvihāraṃ nāma
saṅghārāmaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.tatiyasaṅgītikathā]. Tato pabhuti sīhaḷadīpe
buddhasāsanaṃ yāva vaṭṭagāmaṇirājakālā
nikāyantaravādākularahitaṃ nimmalaṃ suparisuddhaṃ hutvā samujjalittha.
Vaṭṭagāmaṇirājakālato pana paṭṭhāya nikāyantaravādāpi
sīhaḷadīpamupāgamiṃsu. Tadāvisuddhattheravādino yathā
purāṇadhammavinayo tehi nikāyantaravādehi asammisso amalīno
pakatiparisuddho hutvā tiṭṭheyya, tathā taṃ mahussāhena surakkhitaṃ
rakkhiṃsu. Kathaṃ?
Abhayagirinikāyuppatti
Vaṭṭagāmaṇirājā hi (425-buddhavasse) rajjaṃ patvā pañcamāsamattakālebrāhmaṇatissadāmarikena sattahi
ca damiḷayodhehi upadduto saṅgāme ca parājito palāyitvā sādhikāni
cuddasavassāni nilīyitvā aññataravesena vasati [mahāvaṃse
33-paricchede 37-gāthāto paṭṭhāya]. Tadā laṅkādīpe manussā
corabhayena dubbhikkhabhayena ca upaddutā bhikkhūnaṃ catūhi paccayehi
upaṭṭhātuṃ na sakkonti, tena bhikkhū yebhuyyena tato jambudīpaṃ gantvā
dhammavinayaṃ dhārentā viharanti. Laṅkādīpeyeva ohīnāpi therā
yathāladdhehi kandamūlapaṇṇehi yāpentā kāye vahante nisīditvā
pariyattidhammaṃ sajjhāyaṃ karonti, avahantevālukaṃ ussāpetvā taṃ
parivāretvā sīsāni ekaṭṭhāne katvā pariyattiṃ sammasanti. Evaṃ dvādasa
saṃvaccharāni sāṭṭhakathaṃ tepiṭakaṃ ahāpetvā dhārayiṃsu. Yadā pana
vaṭṭagāmaṇirājā damiḷarājānaṃ hantvā (455-466 buddhavassabbhantare)
punapi rajjaṃ kāresi [mahāvaṃse
33, 78-gāthā]. Tadā te therā jambudīpato paccāgatattherehi
saddhiṃ tepiṭakaṃ sodhentā ekakkharampi asamentaṃ nāma na passiṃsu [a.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.130; vibha. aṭṭha. 810]. Yopi ca mahāniddesotasmiṃ
kāle ekasseva dussīlabhikkhuno paguṇo ahosi, sopi mahātipiṭakattherenamahārakkhitattheraṃ
tassa santikā uggaṇhāpetvā rakkhito ahosi [pārā.
aṭṭha. 2.585]. Evaṃ dubbhikkharaṭṭhakkhobhupaddavehi pīḷitattā
duddharasamayepi dhammavinayaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhārayiṃsu.
Rājā abhayagiriṃ nāma
vihāraṃ kāretvā attano katūpakārapubbassa mahātissattherassa
adāsi. So pana thero kulasaṃsaggabahulattā mahāvihāravāsīhi bhikkhūhi
pabbājanīyakammaṃ katvā nīhaṭo. Tadāssa sisso bahalamassutissanāmako
thero taṃ kammaṃ paṭibāhi, tenassa saṅgho ukkhepanīyakammaṃ akāsi. So
mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ kujjhitvā abhayagirivihārameva gantvā tena
mahātissattherena ekato hutvā visuṃ gaṇaṃ vahanto vasi. Te ca dve therā
na mahāvihāraṃ punāgamiṃsu [mahāvaṃse
33, 79-gāthādīsu. nikāyasaṅgahe]. Tato paṭṭhāya sīhaḷadīpe
mahāvihāravāsī, abhayagirivāsīti dve nikāyājātā. Idaṃ tāva sīhaḷadīpe
sāsanaparihāniyā paṭhamaṃ kāraṇaṃ.
Dhammarucinikāyuppatti
Tadā ca rājā abhayagirivāsīsuyeva bhikkhūsu visesato pasanno hutvā
teyeva catūhi paccayehi pavāretvā paggaṇhāti, rājamahāmattādayopi
abhiññātā abhiññātā bahū janā tasmiñca ārāme aññattha ca bahū āvāse
katvā tesaṃ denti. Evaṃ abhayagirivāsino bhikkhū bahūnaṃ
abhiññātajanānaṃ sakkatā ceva honti pūjitā ca mānitā ca. Puna ca
abhayagirivāsino bahalamassutissattherādayoindiyaraṭṭhato āgataṃ
vajjiputtakagaṇapariyāpannassa dhammarucinikāyassa dhammavinayabhūtaṃ
sakkatabhāsāropitaṃ abhinavampi
piṭakaṃ sampaṭicchanti [mahāvaṃse
33, 99 gāthāsu. nikāyasaṅgahe], tena tepi dhammarucinikāyikā nāma
ahesuṃ. Idaṃ sīhaḷadīpe sāsanaparihāniyā dutiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ.
Piṭakattayassa potthakāropanaṃ
Mahāvihāravāsino pana porāṇikaṃ pāḷibhāsāya saṇṭhitaṃ
parisuddhapiṭakameva paṭiggaṇhanti, tañca mukhapāṭheneva dhārenti. Tadā
pana therā pacchimajanānaṃ satipaññāhāniṃ disvā buddhakālato paṭṭhāya
yāva taṃkālā mukhapāṭhenābhataṃ sāṭṭhakathaṃ piṭakattayaṃ potthake
āropetuṃ samārabhiṃsu. Samārabhamānā ca teanurādharājadhānipurato
aṭṭhasaṭṭhimilappamāṇe malayajanapade mātula[mātale
iti etarahi vohāro] nagare ālokaleṇe
vasantā ekassa tandesikassa janapadādhipatino ārakkhaṃ gahetvā taṃpotthakāropanakammamakaṃsu [mahāvaṃse
33, 100-101-gāthāsu]. Tenidaṃ ñāyati ‘‘tadā mahāvihāravāsino
therā rājarājamahāmattehi aladdhūpakārā hutvā attano baleneva
piṭakattayassa potthakāropanakammamakaṃsū’’ti ca, ‘‘tañca yatheva
pacchimajanānaṃ satipaññāhāniṃ disvā kataṃ, tatheva
dubbhikkharaṭṭhakkhobhādibhayupaddutakālesu duddharabhāvampi disvā’’ti
ca, tathā ‘‘abhayagirivāsīnaṃ sampaṭicchitasamayantaravādehi
anākulanatthampi kata’’nti ca. Evaṃ mahāvihāravāsino therā
parisuddhattheravādapiṭakaṃ samayantarehi asammissanatthāya yathā pure,
tathā pāḷibhāsāya eva potthake āropetvāpi surakkhitaṃ rakkhiṃsu. Yadi hi
tadā tepiṭakaṃ potthakesu anāropitamassa, pacchākālesu samayantarato
āgatasuttāni ‘‘netāni amhāka’’nti paṭikkhipituṃ na sukarāni bhaveyyuṃ.
Yato ca kho tadā sāṭṭhakathaṃ tepiṭakaṃ potthakesu āropitaṃ, tatoyeva
anāgatakālesu samayantarāgatasuttāni tehi potthakehi saṃsandetvā
paṭikkhipituṃ sukarāni honti.
Tathā hi bhātiyarājakāle
(524-552-bu-va) mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ abhayagirivāsīhi vinaye vivādo
uppajji. Tadā rājā dīghakārāyanaṃ nāma
brāhmaṇajātikaṃ amaccaṃ therānaṃ santikaṃ pesesi. So ubhinnaṃ suttaṃ sutvā
vinicchayaṃ adāsi [pārā.
aṭṭha. 2.384]. Tathāvohārakatissarājakāle
ca (758-780 bu-va) goṭhābhayarājakāle
ca (797-810 bu-va) theravādikā potthakārūḷhena dhammavinayena
saṃsandetvā adhammavādaṃ paṭikkhipiṃsu[nikāyasaṅgahe
12-piṭṭhe].
Adhammavāduppatti
Ayaṃ pana ādito paṭṭhāya sāsanamalabhūtānaṃ adhammavādānaṃ uppatti. Asokaraññohi
kāle uppabbājetvā nikkaḍḍhitā aññatitthiyā buddhasāsane
aladdhapatiṭṭhā kodhābhibhūtāpāṭaliputtato nikkhamitvā rājagahasamīpe nālandāyaṃ sannipatitvā
evaṃ sammantayiṃsu ‘‘mahājanassa buddhasāsane anavagāhatthāya sakyānaṃ
dhammavinayo nāsetabbo, tañca kho tesaṃ samayaṃ ajānantehi na sakkā
kātuṃ, tasmā yena kenaci upāyena punapi tattha pabbajitabbamevā’’ti. Te
evaṃ sammantayitvā puna āgantvā visuddhattheravādīnamantaraṃ pavisituṃ
asakkontā tadaññesaṃ sattarasannaṃ mahāsaṅghikādinikāyānaṃ santikaṃ
upasaṅkamitvā attano aññatitthiyabhāvaṃ ajānāpetvā pabbajitvā
piṭakattayamuggaṇhitvā tañca viparivattetvā tato kosambiṃ gantvā
dhammavinayanāsanāya upāyaṃ mantayitvā 253-buddhavasse chasu ṭhānesu
vasantā (1) hemavatiko (2) rājagiriko (3) siddhatthiko (4)pubbaseliyo (5) aparaseliyo (6) vājiriyo (7) vetullo (8) andhako (9)aññamahāsaṅghikoti
nava abhinave nikāye uppādesuṃ [nikāyasaṅgahe
9-piṭṭhe]. Tesaṃ nāmāni ca laddhiyo ca kathāvatthuaṭṭhakathāyaṃ āgatāyeva.
Tesu hemavatikā saddhammapatirūpakaṃ buddhabhāsitabhāvena dassetvā
(1) Vaṇṇapiṭakaṃ nāma
ganthaṃ akaṃsu.
Rājagirikā (2) aṅgulimālapiṭakaṃ,
Siddhatthikā (3) gūḷhavessantaraṃ,
Pubbaseliyā (4) raṭṭhapālagajjitaṃ,
Aparaseliyā (5) āḷavakagajjitaṃ,
Vajirapabbatavāsino vājiriyā
(6) gūḷhavinayaṃ nāma
ganthaṃ akaṃsu.
Teyeva sabbe māyājālatanta-samājatantādike aneke tantaganthe ca,
marīcikappa-herambhakappādike aneke kappaganthe ca
akaṃsu.
Vetullavādino pana (7) vetullapiṭakamakaṃsu.
Andhakā ca (8) ratanakūṭādike
ganthe,
Aññamahāsaṅghikā ca (9) akkharasāriyādisuttante
akaṃsu [nikāyasaṅgahe
9-piṭṭhe].
Tesu pana saddhammapatirūpakesu vetullavādo, vājiriyavādo,
ratanakūṭasatthanti imāniyeva tīṇi laṅkādīpamupāgatāni, aññāni pana
vaṇṇapiṭakādīni jambudīpeyeva nivattantītinikāyasaṅgahe vuttaṃ.
Vaṇṇapiṭakādīnampi pana laṅkādīpamupāgatacchāyā dissateva. Tathā hi samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ
(3, 9-piṭṭhe)
‘‘Vaṇṇapiṭaka
aṅgulimālapiṭakaraṭṭhapālagajjitaāḷavakagajjitagūḷhamaggagūḷhavessantara
gūḷhavinaya vedallapiṭakāni [ettha
‘‘vepulla, vedallaṃ, vetullanti atthako ekaṃ, bodhisattapiṭakasseva
nāma’’nti veditabbaṃ. tathā hi vuttaṃ asaṅgena nāma ācariyena
abhidhammasamuccaye nāma mahāyānikagante (79-piṭṭhe) ‘‘vepullaṃ katamaṃ?
bodhisattapiṭakasampayuttaṃ bhāsitaṃ. yaduccate vepullaṃ, taṃ
vedallamapyuccate, vetullamapyuccate. kimatthaṃ vepullamuccate?
sabbasattānaṃ hitasukhādhiṭṭhānato, udāragambhīradhammadesanāto ca.
kimatthamuccate vedallaṃ? sabbāvaraṇavidalanato. kimatthamuccate
vetullaṃ? upamānadhammānaṃ tulanābhāvato’’ti] pana
abuddhavacanāniyevāti vutta’’nti ca.
Sāratthappakāsiniyā saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyampi
(2, 186-piṭṭhe)
‘‘Gūḷhavinayaṃ gūḷhavessantaraṃ gūḷhamahosadhaṃ vaṇṇapiṭakaṃ
aṅgulimālapiṭakaṃ raṭṭhapālagajjitaṃ āḷavakagajjitaṃ vedallapiṭakanti
abuddhavacanaṃ saddhammapatirūpakaṃ nāmā’’ti ca–
Tesaṃ paṭikkhepo dissati. Na hi tāni asutvā, tesañca atthaṃ ajānitvā
sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyehi tāni paṭikkhipituṃ sakkā, nāpi taṃ
paṭikkhepavacanaṃ jambudīpikaṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ vacanaṃ bhavituṃ,
mahāmahindattherassa sīhaḷadīpaṃ gamanasamaye
tesaṃyeva abhāvato. Tasmā tāni ca tadaññāni ca mahāyānikapiṭakāni
taṃkālikāni yebhuyyena sīhaḷadīpamupāgatānīti gahetabbāni. Tesu ca vajjiputtakagaṇapariyāpannassa dhammarucinikāyassa piṭakānaṃ
tadupāgamanaṃ pubbeva vuttaṃ. Tadaññesaṃ pana tadupāgamanaṃ evaṃ
veditabbaṃ.
Vetullavādassa paṭhamaniggaho
Vohārakatissarañño
kāle (758-780-bu-va) abhayagirivāsino dhammarucinikāyikā pubbe
vuttappakārena sāsanavināsanatthāya bhikkhuvesadhārīhi
vetullavādibrāhmaṇehi racitaṃ vetullapiṭakaṃ sampaṭiggahetvā ‘‘idaṃ
buddhabhāsita’’nti dassenti. Taṃ mahāvihāravāsino theravādikā
dhammavinayena saṃsandetvā adhammavādoti paṭikkhipiṃsu. Taṃ sutvā rājā
sabbasatthapāraguṃ kapilaṃ nāma
amaccaṃ pesetvā vinicchayaṃ kārāpetvā abuddhabhāsitabhāvaṃ ñatvā sabbaṃ
vetullapotthakaṃ jhāpetvā talladdhike ca pāpabhikkhū niggahetvā
buddhasāsanaṃ jotesi [nikāyasaṅgahe
12-piṭṭhe]. Vuttañhetaṃ mahāvaṃse –
36-41.
‘‘Vetullavādaṃ madditvā, kāretvā pāpaniggahaṃ;
Kapilena amaccena, sāsanaṃ jotayī ca so’’ti.
Sāgaliyanikāyuppatti
Punapi te abhayagirivāsino goṭhābhayarañño
kāle (797-810-bu-va) vetullavādaṃ tatheva dassenti. Tadā pana tesu ussiliyātisso nāma
mahāthero vohārakatissarājakāle
vetullavādīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kataniggahaṃ sutvā ‘‘vicāraṇasampannassa rañño
samaye tatheva bhaveyya, na bhaddakameta’’nti cintetvā ‘‘na mayaṃ tehi
ekato homā’’ti tisatamatte bhikkhū gahetvā dakkhiṇagirivihāraṃ gantvā dhammarucinikāyato
visuṃ hutvā vasi. Tesu sāgalo nāma
mahāthero tattheva dakkhiṇagirimhi vasanto āgamabyākhyānamakāsi. Tato
paṭṭhāya taṃ theramārabbha tassantevāsino sāgaliyā nāma
ahesuṃ. Tesampi vādo pacchā mahāsenarājakālejetavanavihāre patthari [nikāya
13-piṭṭhe].
Vetullavādassa dutiyaniggaho
Goṭhābhayo pana
rājā pañcasu [mahāvihāra,
cetiya, thūpārāma, issarasamaṇaka, vessagirivihārasaṅkhātesu] vihāresu
mahābhikkhusaṅghaṃ ekato sannipātetvā taṃ pavattiṃ pucchitvā
vetullavādassa abuddhabhāsitabhāvaṃ ñatvā taṃvādino saṭṭhi pāpabhikkhū
lakkhaṇāhate katvā raṭṭhato pabbājesi, vetullapotthakāni ca jhāpetvā
buddhasāsanaṃ jotesi[mahāvaṃse
36, 111-112-gāthāsu, nikāya 13-piṭṭhe].
Tadā raṭṭhato pabbājitesu tesu bhikkhūsu keci kāvīrapaṭṭanaṃ gantvā
tattha vasanti. Tasmiñca samaye eko aññatitthiyamāṇavako desantarato
kāvīramāgantvā paṭṭanagāmikehi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ katūpahāraṃ disvā
lābhasakkāraṃ nissāya tesaṃ santike pabbajitvāsaṅghamittoti
nāmena pākaṭo ahosi. So mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ dhammavinicchayaṃ nissāya
goṭhābhayaraññā vetullavādahetu tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ raṭṭhā pabbājitabhāvaṃ
ñatvā mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ kuddho hutvā ‘‘vetullavādaṃ vā ne gāhāpessāmi,
vihāre vā nesaṃ ummūletvā vināsessāmī’’ti sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā rājānaṃ
pasādetvā tassa dve putte sippaṃ sikkhāpessāmīti ārabhi. Tathāpi attano
vādassa jānanasamatthaṃ jeṭṭhatissaṃ ohāya
anāgate attano vacanaṃ kārāpetuṃ sakkuṇeyyaṃ kaniṭṭhaṃ mahāsenakumārameva
saṅgaṇhitvā sippaṃ sikkhāpesi. Vituno accayena jeṭṭhatissakumāre rajjaṃ
patte (810-819-bu-va) so tassa rañño bhīto kāvīrapaṭṭanameva gato [mahāvaṃse
36, 113-gāthādīsu, nikāya 14-piṭṭhe].
Mahāsenarañño pana
kāle (819-845-bu-va) so puna sīhaḷadīpamāgantvāabhayagirivihāre vasanto
mahāvihāravāsīhi vetullavādaṃ gāhāpetuṃ nānāpakārehi vāyāmamakāsi.
Tathāpi tehi taṃ gāhāpetuṃ asakkonto rājānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā nānākāraṇehi
saññāpetvā ‘‘yo koci ekassapi
bhikkhussa mahāvihāravāsino āhāraṃ dadeyya, tassa sataṃ daṇḍo’’ti rañño
āṇāya nagare bheriṃ carāpesi. Tadā mahāvihāravāsino nagare piṇḍāya
carantā tayo divase bhikkhamaladdhā mahāpāsāde sannipatitvā ‘‘sace mayaṃ
khudāhetu adhammaṃ dhammoti gaṇheyyāma, bahū janā taṃ gahetvā
apāyagāmino bhavissanti, mayañca sabbe sāvajjā bhavissāma, tasmā na
mayaṃ jīvitahetupi vetullavādaṃ paṭiggaṇhissāmā’’ti sammantayitvā
mahāvihārādike sabbavihāre chaḍḍetvā rohaṇajanapadañcamalayapadesañca
agamiṃsu [mahāvaṃse
37, 2-6-gāthāsu. nikāyasaṅgahe 14-piṭṭhe].
Vetullavādo
Kīdiso vetullavādo nāma,
yato mahāvihāravāsino ativiya jigucchiṃsūti? Idāni vetullavādassa
sarūpaṃ sabbākārena pakāsetuṃ na sakkā, vetullanāmena potthakānaṃ vā
nikāyassa vā etarahi apākaṭabhāvato. Abhidhammapiṭake pana
kathāvatthuaṭṭhakathāyaṃ[kathā.
aṭṭha. 793-794 ādayo] katipayā
vetullavādā āgatā. Kathaṃ? –
‘‘Paramatthato maggaphalāneva saṅgho, maggaphalehi añño saṅgho nāma
natthi, maggaphalāni ca na kiñci paṭiggaṇhanti, tasmā na vattabbaṃ
saṅgho dakkhiṇaṃ paṭiggaṇhātī’’ti ca (1).
‘‘Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca tāni dakkhiṇaṃ visodhetuṃ sakkonti,
tasmā na vattabbaṃ saṅgho dakkhiṇaṃ visodhetī’’ti ca (2).
‘‘Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca tāni kiñci bhuñjanti, tasmā na
vattabbaṃ saṅgho bhuñjati pivati khādati sāyatī’’ti ca (3).
Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca sakkā tesaṃ kiñci dātuṃ, na ca tehi
paṭiggaṇhituṃ, nāpi tesaṃ dānena koci upakāro ijjhati, tasmā na
vattabbaṃ saṅghassa dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti ca (4).
‘‘Buddho bhagavā na kiñci paribhuñjati, lokānuvattanatthaṃ pana
paribhuñjamānaṃ viya attānaṃ dasseti, tasmā nirupakārattā na vattabbaṃ
tasmiṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti ca (5).
‘‘Bhagavā tusitabhavane
nibbatto tattheva vasati, na manussalokaṃ āgacchati, nimmitarūpamattakaṃ
panettha dassetī’’ti ca (6).
‘‘Tusitapure ṭhito bhagavā dhammadesanatthāya abhinimmitaṃ pesesi, tena
ceva, tassa ca desanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā āyasmatā ānandena dhammo desito,
na buddhena bhagavatā’’ti ca (7).
‘‘Ekādhippāyena methuno dhammo paṭisevitabbo. Ayaṃ panettha attho –
kāruññena vā ekena adhippāyena ekādhippāyo, saṃsāre vā ekato
bhavissāmāti itthiyā saddhiṃ buddhapūjādīni katvā paṇidhivasena eko
adhippāyo assāti ekādhippāyo, evarūpo dvinnampi janānaṃ ekādhippāyo
methuno dhammo paṭisevitabbo’’ti ca (8) evaṃ vetullavādīnaṃ laddhiyo
āgatā, ettakāyeva nesaṃ vādā theravādaganthavasena dāni paññāyanti.
Ettha ca ādito catūhi vādehi suttantāgatasaṅgho ca micchā gahito,
vinayāgatasaṅgho ca sabbathā paṭikkhitto. Tadanantaraṃ tayo vādā
issaranimmānavādānuvattakā. Antimassa pana asaddhammavādabhāvo ativiya
pākaṭoti.
Abhidhammasamuccaye pana vetullapiṭakassa bodhisattapiṭakabhāvo
pakāsito, tasmā saddhammapuṇḍarikasuttādike bodhisattapiṭake āgatavādopi
‘‘vetullavādo’’ti veditabbo[abhidhammasamuccaye
79-piṭṭhe].
Mahāvihāranāsanaṃ
Mahāvihāravāsīsu pana vuttappakārena sabbavihāre chaḍḍetvā gatesu
saṅghamitto pāpabhikkhu rājānaṃ saññāpetvā lohapāsādādike
catusaṭṭhyādhike tisatamatte pariveṇapāsāde nāsetvā samūlaṃ uddharāpetvā
abhayagirivihāraṃ ānayāpesi. Vihārabhūmiyañca kasāpetvā aparaṇṇe
vapāpesi. Evaṃ tadā mahāvihāro nava vassāni bhikkhūhi suñño ahosi
āvāsavirahito ca. Atha rājā meghavaṇṇābhayassa nāma
kalyāṇamittabhūtassa amaccassa santajjanapubbaṅgamena vacanena mahāvihāraṃ
puna pākatikaṃ katvā te cāpi apakkante bhikkhū ānetvā catūhi paccayehi
upaṭṭhahi [mahāvaṃse
37-30-gāthāsu. nikāyasaṅgahe 14-15-piṭṭhesu].
Jetavanavāsinikāyuppatti
Punapi rājā dakkhiṇārāmavāsimhi
jimhamānase kuhakatissatthere pasanno
hutvā tassatthāya mahāvihārasīmabbhantare jotivanuyyāne jetavanavihāraṃ
kāretumārabhi. Mahāvihāravāsino bhikkhū taṃ nivāretuṃ asakkontā punapi
tato apakkamiṃsu. Tadāpi mahāvihāro nava māsāni bhikkhūhi suñño ahosi.
Rājā pana attano ajjhāsayavaseneva tatthajetavanavihāraṃ kāretvā
tassa kuhakatissattherassa adāsiyeva. Tattha dakkhiṇagirivihāratosāgaliyā bhikkhū
āgantvā vasiṃsu. Pacchā ca te ambasāmaṇerasilākālarañño
kāle (1067-1080-bu-va) vetullavādino ahesuṃ [mahāvaṃse
37, 32-gāthādīsu, nikāyasaṅgahe 15-piṭṭhe].
Evaṃ ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa sīhaḷadīpamāgamanakālato (965-bu-va)
pubbeyeva visuddhattheravādīhi mahāvihāravāsīhi viruddhasamayā abhayagirivāsino (455-bu-va) sāgaliyā(797-810-bu-va) jetavanavāsino (829-845-bu-va)
cāti tayo nikāyā uppannā ahesuṃ. Tesu pana abhayagirivāsinoyeva visesato
pākaṭā ceva honti balavanto ca. Tathā hi te visuddhattheravādapiṭakañca
vajjiputtakapariyāpannadhammarucinikāyapiṭakañca
mahisāsakādinikāyapiṭakañca mahāyānapiṭakañca sampaṭicchanti. Tesu
dhammarucinikāyapiṭakassa sampaṭicchitabhāvo pākaṭoyeva.
Mahisāsakādinikāyapiṭakassa sampaṭicchitabhāvo pana phāhiyannāmassa
cinabhikkhuno addhānakkamasallakkhaṇakathāya ceva aṭṭhakathāsu
paṭikkhittavaṇṇapiṭakādināmavasena ca veditabbo, tathā mahāyānapiṭakassa
sampaṭicchitabhāvopi.
Phāhiyamaddhānakkamakathā
Phāhiyannāmena hi
cinabhikkhunā 956-buddhavasse sīhaḷadīpato sakkatabhāsāropitaṃ
mahisāsakavinayapiṭakañca dīghāgamo ca saṃyuttāgamo ca
sannipātapiṭakañca attanā saha cinaraṭṭhamānītanti tassa
addhānakkamakathāyaṃ dassitaṃ.
Tañca sabbaṃ abhayagirivihāratoyeva laddhamassa, mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ
sakkatāropitapiṭakābhāvato. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ paṭikkhittavaṇṇapiṭakādīni ca
tattheva bhaveyyuṃ, mahāvihāravāsīhi tesaṃ appaṭiggahitabhāvato. Tathā
‘‘phāhiyambhikkhussa sīhaḷadīpe paṭivasanakāle (954-956-bu-va)
mahāvihāre tisahassamattā bhikkhū vasanti, te theravādapiṭakameva
uggaṇhanti, na mahāyānapiṭakaṃ. Abhayagirivihāre pañcasahassamattā
bhikkhū vasanti, te pana dvepi piṭakāni uggaṇhanti mahāyānapiṭakañceva theravādapiṭakañcā’’ti
ca teneva cinabhikkhunā dassitaṃ.
Yasmā pana abhayagirivāsino mahāyānapiṭakampi uggaṇhanti, tasmā tasmiṃ
vihāre mahāyānikānaṃ padhānācariyabhūtehi assaghosanāgajjunehi
kataganthāpi saṃvijjamānāyeva bhaveyyuṃ, tatoyeva tesaṃ nayañca nāmañca
ācariyabuddhaghosattheropi aññepi taṃkālikā mahāvihāravāsino
sutasampannā therā jāneyyuṃyeva. Apica dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe
samuddasamīpe guntājanapade nāgārajunakoṇḍaṃ nāma
ṭhānamatthi, yattha nāgajjunomahāyānikānaṃ
padhānācariyabhūto vasanto buddhasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.
Ācariyabuddhaghosassa ca tandesikabhāvanimittaṃ dissati, taṃ pacchato
(33-piṭṭhe) āvibhavissati. Tasmāpi ācariyabuddhaghosatthero nāgajjunassa
ca assaghosassa ca nayañca nāmañca jāneyyayevāti sakkā anuminituṃ.
Jānatoyeva pana tesaṃ nayassa vā nāmassa vā attano
aṭṭhakathāyamappakāsanaṃ tesaṃ nikāyantarabhāvatoyevassa. Tathā hi tesaṃ
assaghosanāgajjunānaṃ assaghoso[(570-670-buddhavassabbhantare)] theravādato
bhinnesu ekādasasu gaṇesu sabbatthivādagaṇepariyāpanno, nāgajjuno ca mahāsaṅghika-cetiyavādigaṇādīhi
jāte mahāyānanikāyepariyāpanno, mahāvihāravāsino
ca āditoyeva paṭṭhāya nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ attano
piṭakaṃ atīva ādaraṃ katvā rakkhanti, ayañca ācariyabuddhaghoso
tesamaññataro. Vuttañhi tassa ganthanigamanesu ‘‘mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ
vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtenā’’ti. Tasmā ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso tesaṃ nayaṃ
jānantoyeva attano ganthesu nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ
nappakāsesī’’ti veditabbaṃ.
Ettāvatā ca yāni ‘‘bodhimaṇḍasamīpamhi, jāto brāhmaṇamāṇavo’’tiādinā
vuttassa mahāvaṃsavacanassa vicāraṇamukhena ācariyabuddhaghosassa
vambhanavacanāni dhammānandakosambinā vuttāni, tāni amūlakabhāvena
anuvicāritāni. Tathāpi ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jāto’’ti
etaṃ pana atthaṃ sādhetuṃ daḷhakāraṇaṃ na dissateva ṭhapetvā taṃ
mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ, yampi buddhaghosuppattiyaṃ vuttaṃ,
tampi mahāvaṃsameva nissāya vuttavacanattā na daḷhakāraṇaṃ hotīti.
Marammaraṭṭhikabhāvakathā
Ekacce pana marammaraṭṭhikā ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso marammaraṭṭhe sathuṃ nāma
nagarato sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā
saṅgahaṭṭhakathāyo akāsī’’ti vadanti. Taṃ dhammānandena anujānitvā
‘‘tampi thokaṃ yuttisampannaṃ, ahaṃ evaṃ saddahāmi ‘buddhaghoso
dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe telaṅgajātiko’ti,
telaṅgajātikā ca bahū janā marammaraṭṭhe
ca indocinaraṭṭhe
ca gantvā vasanti, talhiṅa? Iti
vohāro ca tatoyeva telaṅgapadato uppanno. Tathā ‘buddhaghoso
aṭṭhakathāyo katvā sīhaḷadīpato marammaraṭṭhaṃ gantvā pacchimabhāge
tattheva vasī’tipi gahetuṃ sakkā, tassa hi ganthā marammaraṭṭhe
sīhaḷaraṭṭhatopi surakkhitatarā hontī’’ti ca vatvā patiṭṭhāpitaṃ.
Dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikabhāvayutti
Bahū pana ādhunikā vicakkhaṇā dhammānandādayo ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghosattherodakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko’’ti
vadanti. Ayaṃ panettha yutti, yebhuyyena hi aṭṭhakathāṭīkākārā therā
dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikāyeva. Tathā hi
buddhavaṃsaṭṭhakathāya ca abhidhammāvatāraṭṭhakathāya ca
vinayavinicchayaṭṭhakathāya ca kārakoācariyabuddhadattatthero coḷaraṭṭhe
tambapaṇṇinadiyaṃ uraganagare jāto
ācariyabuddhaghosena ekakāliko ca.
Paramatthavinicchaya-nāmarūpapariccheda-abhidhammatthasaṅgahānaṃ kārako ācariyaanuruddhatthero[ekacce
pana vadanti-paramatthavinicchayakārako eko,
nāmarūpaparicchedaabhidhammatthasaṅgahānaṃ kārako ekoti dve
anuruddhattherāti]kañcivararaṭṭhe
kāverinagarajātiko. Khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaudānādipāḷiyā
saṃvaṇṇanābhūtāya paramatthadīpaniyā kārakoācariyadhammapālattheropi dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe
kañcipurajātiko. Tathevāyampīti veditabbo. Vuttañhi manorathapūraṇiyā nāma
aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāya nigamane –
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantajotipālena;
Kañcipurādīsu mayā, pubbe saddhiṃ vasantenā’’ti.
Ettha ca kañcipuraṃ nāma
madarasanagarassa īsakaṃ pacchimanissite dakkhiṇadisābhāge
pañcacattālīsamilappamāṇe padese idāni kañjīvara iti voharitanagarameva.
Tathā papañcasūdaniyā nāma
majjhimaṭṭhakathāya nigamanepi –
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena buddhamittena;
Pubbe mayūradūta [mayūrarūpa
(sī.), mayūrasutta (syā.)] paṭṭanamhi
saddhiṃ vasantenā’’ti – vuttaṃ.
Ettha ca mayūradūtapaṭṭanaṃ nāma
idāni madarasanagarasamīpe milapora iti voharitaṭṭhānanti
porāṇappavattigavesīhi vuttaṃ.
Imāhi pana nigamanagāthāhi dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭheyeva nivutthapubbataṃ
pakāseti, bodhimaṇḍasamīpe vā, marammaraṭṭhe vā nivutthapubbatāya
pakāsanañca na dissati. Tena ācariyabuddhaghoso dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko
na hotīti na sakkā paṭikkhipituṃ.
Samantapāsādikāyampi
vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (3, 13) ācariyena evaṃ vuttaṃ –
‘‘Yaṃ pana
andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘aparikkhitte pamukhe anāpattīti bhūmiyaṃ vinā
jagatiyā pamukhaṃ sandhāya kathita’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ andhakaraṭṭhe
pāṭekkasannivesā ekacchadanā gabbhapāḷiyo sandhāya vutta’’nti.
Iminā pana vacanena ‘‘andhakaṭṭhakathā andhakaraṭṭhikehi therehi
katā’’ti pākaṭā hoti, ācariyabuddhaghosopi ca andhakaṭṭhakathāya
sandhāyabhāsitampi tandesikagabbhapāḷisannivesākārampi suṭṭhu jānāti,
tasmā tandesiko na hotīti na sakkā vattunti.
Tathā imassapi visuddhimaggassa nigamane – ‘‘moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenā’’ti
vuttaṃ. Ettha ca kheṭoti
padassa gāmoti vā, jānapadānaṃ kassakānaṃ nivāsoti vā, khuddakanagaranti
vā tayo atthā sakkatābhidhāne pakāsitā, dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhesu ca
yāvajjatanāpi gāmo kheḍāti
voharīyati. Tasmā moraṇḍavhaye kheṭe jāto moraṇḍakheṭako, moraṇḍakheṭako
iti vattabbo moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbo, tena moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenāti
vacanatthaṃ katvā ‘‘moraṇḍagāme jātoti vattabbena therenā’’ti attho
gahetabbo. Idāni pana dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe guntājanapadenāgārajunakoṇḍato
ekapaṇṇāsamilamatte (51) amaravatito ca aṭṭhapaṇṇāsamilamatte (58)
padese kotanemalipurīti
ca gundalapallīti
ca voharitaṃ ṭhānadvayamatthi, tattha ca bahūni
buddhasāsanikaporāṇasantakāni diṭṭhāni, nemalīti
telaguvohāro ca morassa, gundalu iti
ca aṇḍassa, tasmā taṃ ṭhānadvayameva pubbe moraṇḍakheṭoti
voharitoācariyabuddhaghosassa
jātigāmo bhaveyyāti
porāṇaṭṭhānagavesīhi gahito. Yasmā panetaṃ
‘‘moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenā’’ti padaṃ ‘‘moraṇḍagāmajātenā’’ti padaṃ viya
pāḷinayānucchavikaṃ na hoti, aññehi ca bahūhi visesanapadehi ekato
aṭṭhatvā visesyapadassa pacchato visuṃ ṭhitaṃ, āgamaṭṭhakathādīsu ca na
dissati, tasmā etaṃ kenaci taṃkālikena ācariyassa jātiṭṭhānaṃ
sañjānantena pakkhittaṃ viya dissatīti.
Imesu pana tīsu ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jātoti ca
marammaraṭṭhikoti ca dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko’’ti ca vuttavacanesu
pacchimameva balavataraṃ hoti ācariyasseva vacananissitattā, tasmā tadeva
nissāya ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa uppatti evaṃ veditabbā.
Ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa aṭṭhuppatti
Ācariyabuddhaghoso dasame
buddhavassasatake (901-1000-bu-va)dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe
moraṇḍagāme brāhmaṇakule
jāto, so tīsu vedesu ceva sabbavijjāsippaganthesu ca pāraṅgato hutvā
buddhasāsanadhammaṃ sutvā tampi uggaṇhitukāmo tasmiṃyeva
dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe ekasmiṃ theravādikavihāremahāvihāravāsīnaṃ revatattherappamukhānaṃ
bhikkhūnaṃ santike pabbajjañceva upasampadañca gaṇhitvā
piṭakattayapāḷimuggaṇhi. So evaṃ piṭakattayapāḷimuggaṇhantoyeva aññāsi
‘‘ayamekāyanamaggo dassanavisuddhiyā nibbānasacchikiriyāyā’’ti.
Ācariyupajjhāyā ca tassa visiṭṭhañāṇappabhāvasampannabhāvaṃ ñatvā
‘‘imassa buddhasāsane kittighoso buddhassa viya pavattissatī’’ti
sampassamānā ‘‘buddhaghoso’’ti
nāmamakaṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘buddhaghosoti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyenā’’ti.
So evaṃ piṭakattayapāḷimuggaṇhitvā madarasa nagarasamīpaṭṭhānabhūtemayūradūtapaṭṭanamhi ca kañcipurādīsu
ca vasanto andhakaṭṭhakathāya paricayaṃ
katvā tāya asantuṭṭhacitto sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsupi paricayaṃ kātukāmo tā ca
pāḷibhāsamāropetvā abhinavīkātumāsīsanto sīhaḷadīpamagamāsi. Tasmiñca
kāle sīhaḷadīpe mahānāmo nāma
rājā rajjaṃ kāreti, so ca rājā abhayagirivāsīsu pasanno
teyeva visesato paggaṇhāti.
Ekacce pana ādhunikā vicakkhaṇā evaṃ vadanti ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghosassa
sīhaḷadīpāgamanena sirimeghavaṇṇarājakālato
(846-bu-va) puretaraṃyeva bhavitabba’’nti. Idañca nesaṃ kāraṇaṃ, tassa
rañño navavassakāle (855-bu-va) buddhassadāṭhādhātukaliṅgaraṭṭhato
sīhaḷadīpamānītā, tato paṭṭhāya sīhaḷarājāno anusaṃvaccharaṃ mahantaṃ
dhātupūjāussavaṃ karonti. Yadi ca ācariyabuddhaghoso tato pacchā
sīhaḷadīpamāgaccheyya, tampi pāsādikaṃ mahussavaṃ disvā attano ganthesu
pakāseyya yathā phāhiyaṃ nāma cinabhikkhu mahānāmarājakāle
(953-975-bu-va) taṃ disvā attano addhānakkamakathāyaṃ pakāsesi, na pana
ācariyassa ganthesu taṃpakāsanā
dissati, tenetaṃ ñāyati ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso dāṭhādhātusampattakālato
(855-bu-va) puretaraṃyeva sīhaḷadīpamāgantvā aṭṭhakathāyo akāsī’’ti. Taṃ
pana na daḷhakāraṇaṃ hoti, tipiṭakapāḷiyā hi atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya yaṃ vā
taṃ vā attano paccakkhadiṭṭhaṃ pakāsetabbaṃ na hoti, na ca
atthasaṃvaṇṇanā addhānakkamakathāsadisā. Kiñca bhiyyo, samantapāsādikāya
vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ dīpavaṃsatopi kiñci ānetvā pakāsitaṃ, dīpavaṃse ca
yāva mahāsenarājakālā (819-845-bu-va) pavatti pakāsitāti
sirimeghavaṇṇarājakālato (845-873-bu-va) pubbe dīpavaṃsoyeva likhito na
bhaveyya. Yadi ca aṭṭhakathāyo tato pubbeyeva katā bhaveyyuṃ, kathaṃ
tattha dīpavaṃso sakkā pakāsetunti.
Ācariyabuddhaghoso pana sīhaḷadīpaṃ pattakāle (965-bu-va) mahāvihārameva gantvā
tattha sīhaḷamahātherānaṃ santike sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo suṇi. Vuttañhi
samantapāsādikāyaṃ –
‘‘Mahāaṭṭhakathañceva, mahāpaccarimeva ca;
Kurundiñcāti tissopi, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā imā.
Buddhamittoti nāmena, vissutassa yasassino;
Vinayaññussa dhīrassa, sutvā therassa santike’’ti [pari.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā].
Iminā pana aṭṭhakathāvacanena mahāaṭṭhakathādīnaṃ tissannaṃyeva
aṭṭhakathānaṃ sutabhāvo dassito. Samantapāsādikāyaṃ pana
saṅkhepaandhakaṭṭhakathānampi vinicchayo dassitoyeva, kasmā pana tā
ācariyena sīhaḷattherānaṃ santike na sutāti? Tāsu hi andhakaṭṭhakathā
tāva andhakaraṭṭhikabhāvato, kataparicayabhāvato ca na sutāti
pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Saṅkhepaṭṭhakathā pana mahāpaccariṭṭhakathāya
saṃkhittamattabhāvato na sutāti veditabbā. Tathā hi vajirabuddhiṭīkāyaṃ ganthārambhasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ [vijira.
ṭī. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā] cūḷapaccariṭṭhakathāandhakaṭṭhakathānampi ādi-saddena
saṅgahitabhāvo vutto, sāratthadīpanī-vimativinodanīṭīkāsu [sārattha.
ṭī. 1.92 pācittiyakaṇḍa; vi. vi. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā] pana
andhakasaṅkhepaṭṭhakathānaṃ saṅgahitabhāvo vutto, samantapāsādikāyañca
cūḷapaccarīti nāmaṃ kuhiñcipi na dissati, mahāṭṭhakathā mahāpaccarī
kurundī andhakasaṅkhepaṭṭhakathāti imāniyeva
nāmāni dissanti, bahūsu ca ṭhānesu ‘‘saṅkhepaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana
mahāpaccariyañca vutta’’ntiādinā [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.94] dvinnampi
samānavinicchayo dassito. Tasmā vajirabuddhiyaṃ cūḷapaccarīti
vuttaṭṭhakathā mahāpaccarito uddharitvā saṅkhepena kataṭṭhakathā
bhaveyya, sā ca saṅkhepena katattāsaṅkhepaṭṭhakathā nāma
jātā bhaveyya. Evañca sati mahāpaccariyā sutāya sāpi sutāyeva hotīti na
sā ācariyena sutāti veditabbā.
Evaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo suṇantasseva ācariyabuddhaghosassa
tikkhagambhīrajavanañāṇappabhāvavisesasampannabhāvañca
paramavisuddhasaddhābuddhivīriyapaṭimaṇḍitasīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudaya-
samuditabhāvañca
sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthapaññāveyyatti-
yasamannāgatabhāvañca anekasatthantarocitasaṃvaṇṇanānayasukovidabhāvañca
ñatvā taṃsavanakiccapariniṭṭhitakāle saṅghapālādayo
therā taṃ visuddhimaggādiganthānaṃ karaṇatthāya visuṃ visuṃ āyāciṃsu.
Ettha ca ācariyassa yathāvuttaguṇehi sampannabhāvo attano vacaneneva
pākaṭo. Vuttañhi attano ganthanigamanesu –
‘‘Paramavisuddhasaddhābuddhivīriyapaṭimaṇḍitena
sīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudayasamuditena
sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthena
paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatenā’’tiādi.
Tattha sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthenāti
padena ācariyabuddhaghosatthero mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ visuddhattheravādīnaṃ
desanānayasaṅkhāte sakasamaye ca mahāsaṅghikādimahāyānikapariyosānānaṃ
nikāyantarabhūtānaṃ paresaṃ piṭakaganthantaravādanayasaṅkhāte parasamaye
ca tathā taṃkālikaaññatitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ vedattayādisaṅkhāte
parasamaye ca kovido, tesaṃ sakasamayaparasamayānaṃ
durogāhadubbodhatthasaṅkhāte gahanaṭṭhānepi ca ogāhituṃ samatthoti
dīpeti. Paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatoti
padena ācariyabuddhaghosatthero porāṇaṭṭhakathāyo saṅkhipituñca
paṭisaṅkharituñca samatthoti dīpetīti veditabbo.
Āyācanakāraṇaṃ
Kasmā pana te taṃ āyāciṃsūti?
Vuccate, mahāvihāravāsino hi āditoyeva paṭṭhāya piṭakattayaṃ yathā tīsu
saṅgītīsu pāḷibhāsāya saṅgītaṃ, yathā ca vaṭṭagāmaṇirājakāle
(455-467-bu-va) potthakesu āropitaṃ, tathā porāṇaṃ pāḷipiṭakameva
uggaṇhanti ceva vācenti ca, na sakkatāropitapiṭakaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyo ca
tivassasatamattato pure katā. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathāsuvasabharājakālato
(609-653-bu-0) pacchā sīhaḷikattherānañceva aññesañca vatthu na dissati
ṭhapetvā mahāsenarājavatthuṃ [pārā.
aṭṭha. 2.236-237], yāva ācariyabuddhaghosakālāpi ca tā eva
porāṇaṭṭhakathāyo atthi na abhinavīkatā. Tena tesaṃ piṭakesu yebhuyyena
janā paricayaṃ kātuṃ asañjātābhilāsā honti asañjātussāhā. Dīpantaresu ca
attano piṭakaṃ pattharāpetuṃ na sakkonti aṭṭhakathānaṃ dīpabhāsāya
abhisaṅkhatattā. Abhayagirivāsino pana vaṭṭagāmaṇirājakālato paṭṭhāya
sakkatabhāsāropitaṃ dhammarucinikāyādipiṭakampi mahāyānapiṭakampi navaṃ
navaṃ pariyāpuṇanti ceva vācenti ca, tena tesaṃ piṭakesu yebhuyyena janā
paricayaṃ kātuṃ sañjātābhilāsā honti sañjātussāhā, navaṃ navameva hi
sattā piyāyanti. Tatoyeva te dīpantaresupi attano vādaṃ pattharāpetuṃ
sakkonti. Tasmā te mahāvihāravāsino therā attano sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo
pāḷibhāsāya abhisaṅkharitukāmā tathā kātuṃ samatthaṃ
ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa ñāṇappabhāvavisesaṃ
yathāvuttaguṇasampannabhāvañca ñatvā āyāciṃsūti veditabbaṃ.
Visuddhimaggassa karaṇaṃ
Tesu tāva visuddhimaggaṃ ācariyabuddhaghoso saṅghapālattherena ajjhesito
mahāvihārassa dakkhiṇabhāge padhānaghare mahānigamassāmino pāsāde [pari.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā] vasanto
akāsi. Ettāvatā ca ‘‘so panesa visuddhimaggo kena kato, kadā kato,
kattha kato, kasmā kato’’ti imesaṃ pañhānamattho vitthārena vibhāvito
hoti.
Idāni kimatthaṃ katotiādīnaṃ
pañhānamatthaṃ pakāsayissāma. Tattha kimatthaṃ
katoti etassa pana pañhassa attho ācariyeneva pakāsito. Kathaṃ?
‘‘Sudullabhaṃ labhitvāna, pabbajjaṃ jinasāsane;
Sīlādisaṅgahaṃ khemaṃ, ujuṃ maggaṃ visuddhiyā.
Yathābhūtaṃ ajānantā, suddhikāmāpi ye idha;
Visuddhiṃ nādhigacchanti, vāyamantāpi yogino.
Tesaṃ pāmojjakaraṇaṃ, suvisuddhavinicchayaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, desanānayanissitaṃ.
Visuddhimaggaṃ bhāsissaṃ, taṃ me sakkacca bhāsato;
Visuddhikāmā sabbepi, nisāmayatha sādhavo’’ti [visuddhi.
1.2].
Tasmā esa visuddhimaggo visuddhisaṅkhātanibbānakāmānaṃ sādhujanānaṃ
sīlasamādhipaññāsaṅkhātassa visuddhimaggassa yāthāvato jānanatthāya
katoti padhānappayojanavasena veditabbo. Appadhānappayojanavasena pana
catūsu āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ganthasallahukabhāvatthāyapi katoti veditabbo.
Tathā hi vuttaṃāgamaṭṭhakathāsu –
‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ;
Icceva me kato’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā].
Tannissayo
Kiṃ nissāya katoti
etassapi pañhassa attho ācariyeneva pakāsito. Vuttañhi ettha
ganthārambhe –
‘‘Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, desanānayanissita’’nti [visuddhi.
1.2].
Tathā nigamanepi –
‘‘Tesaṃ sīlādibhedānaṃ, atthānaṃ yo vinicchayo;
Pañcannampi nikāyānaṃ, vutto
aṭṭhakathānaye.
Samāharitvā taṃ sabbaṃ, yebhuyyena sanicchayo;
Sabbasaṅkaradosehi, mutto yasmā pakāsito’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā].
Iminā pana vacanena ayamattho
pākaṭo hoti – ‘‘visuddhimaggaṃ kurumāno ācariyo mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ
desanānayasaṅkhātā pañcannampi nikāyānaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāyo nissāya tāsu
vuttaṃ gahetabbaṃ sabbaṃ vinicchayaṃ samāharitvā akāsī’’ti. Tasmā yā yā
ettha padavaṇṇanā vā vinicchayo vā sādhakavatthu vā dassīyati, taṃ
sabbaṃ tassa tassa niddhāritapāḷipadassanikāyasaṃvaṇṇanābhūtāya
porāṇasīhaḷaṭṭhakathāto ānetvā bhāsāparivattanavaseneva dassitanti
veditabbaṃ. Ayampi hi visuddhimaggo na kevalaṃ attano ñāṇappabhāvena
kato, visuṃ pakaraṇabhāvena ca, atha kho catunnampi āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃavayavabhāveneva kato.
Vuttañhi tāsaṃ nigamane –
‘‘Ekūnasaṭṭhimatto, visuddhimaggopi bhāṇavārehi;
Atthappakāsanatthāya, āgamānaṃ kato yasmā.
Tasmā tena sahāyaṃ, aṭṭhakathā bhāṇavāragaṇanāya;
Suparimitaparicchinnaṃ, cattālīsasataṃ hotī’’tiādi [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.nigamanakathā].
Yā pana visuddhimagge maggāmaggañāṇadassanavisuddhiniddese ‘‘ayaṃ tāva
visuddhikathāyaṃ nayo. Ariyavaṃsakathāyaṃ panā’’tiādinā [visuddhi.
2.717] dve kathā
vuttā, tāpi mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ desanānaye antogadhā imassa
visuddhimaggassa nissayāyevāti veditabbāti.
Takkaraṇappakāro
Kena pakārena katoti
ettha anantarapañhe vuttappakāreneva kato. Tathā hi ācariyo
saṃyuttanikāyato
‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;
Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti [saṃ.
ni. 1.23] –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dassetvā tattha padhānavasena vuttā
sīlasamādhipaññāyo visuṃ visuṃ vitthārato vibhajitvā akāsi. Evaṃ
kurumāno ca pañcahipi nikāyehi sīlasamādhipaññāpaṭisaṃyuttāni
suttapadāni uddharitvā tesaṃ atthañca sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāhi
bhāsāparivattanavasena dassetvā tāsu vuttāni sīhaḷikavatthūni ca
vinicchaye ca pakāsesi. Visesato pana tasmiṃ kāle
pākaṭā sakasamayaviruddhā samayantarā ca bahūsu ṭhānesu dassetvā
sahetukaṃ paṭikkhittā. Kathaṃ?
Tattha hi cariyāvaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘tatra
purimā tāva tisso cariyā pubbāciṇṇanidānā dhātudosanidānā cāti ekacce
vadanti. Pubbe kira iṭṭhappayogasubhakammabahulo rāgacarito hoti, saggā
vā cavitvā idhūpapanno. Pubbe chedanavadhabandhanaverakammabahulo
dosacarito hoti, nirayanāgayonīhi vā cavitvā idhūpapanno. Pubbe
majjapānabahulo sutaparipucchāvihīno ca mohacarito hoti,
tiracchānayoniyā vā cavitvā idhūpapannoti evaṃ pubbāciṇṇanidānāti
vadanti. Dvinnaṃ pana dhātūnaṃ ussannattā puggalo mohacarito hoti
pathavīdhātuyā ca āpodhātuyā ca. Itarāsaṃ dvinnaṃ ussannattā dosacarito.
Sabbāsaṃ samattā pana rāgacaritoti. Dosesu ca semhādhiko rāgacarito
hoti. Vātādhiko mohacarito. Semhādhiko vā mohacarito. Vātādhiko
rāgacaritoti evaṃ dhātudosanidānāti vadantī’’ti ekaccevādaṃ dassetvā so
‘‘tattha yasmā pubbe iṭṭhappayogasubhakammabahulāpi saggā cavitvā
idhūpapannāpi ca na sabbe rāgacaritāneva honti, na itare vā
dosamohacaritā. Evaṃ dhātūnañca yathāvutteneva nayena ussadaniyamo nāma
natthi. Dosaniyame ca rāgamohadvayameva vuttaṃ, tampi ca
pubbāparaviruddhameva. Tasmā sabbametaṃ aparicchinnavacana’’nti [visuddhi.
1.44]paṭikkhitto. Taṃ paramatthamañjūsāya nāma visuddhimaggamahāṭīkāyaṃ ‘‘ekaccetiupatissattheraṃ sandhāyāha,
tena hi vimuttimagge tathā
vutta’’ntiādinā vaṇṇitaṃ[visuddhi.
ṭī. 1.44].
Vimuttimaggapakaraṇaṃ
Ko so vimuttimaggo nāma?
Visuddhimaggo viya sīlasamādhipaññānaṃ visuṃ visuṃ vibhajitvā dīpako eko
paṭipattigantho. Tattha hi –
‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, vimutti ca anuttarā;
Anubuddhā ime dhammā, gotamena yasassinā’’ti [dī.
ni. 2.186; a. ni. 4.1] –
Imaṃ gāthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dassetvā
tadatthavaṇṇanāvasena sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttiyo visuṃ visuṃ vibhajitvā
dīpitā. So pana gantho idāni cinaraṭṭheyeva
diṭṭho, cinabhāsāya ca parivattito (1048-bu-va) saṅghapālena nāma
bhikkhunā. Kena pana so kuto ca tattha ānītoti na pākaṭametaṃ. Tassa
pana saṅghapālassa ācariyo guṇabhadro nāma
mahāyāniko bhikkhu majjhimaindiyadesiko, so indiyaraṭṭhato cinaraṭṭhaṃ
gacchanto paṭhamaṃ sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā tato (978-bu-va) cinaraṭṭhaṃ gato.
Tadā so tena ānīto bhaveyya [vimuttimagga,
visuddhimagga].
Tasmiñhi vimuttimagge pubbāciṇṇanidānadassanaṃ dhātunidānadassanañca
yatheva visuddhimagge ekaccevādo, tathevāgataṃ. Dosanidānadassane pana
‘‘semhādhiko rāgacarito,pittādhiko
dosacarito, vātādhiko
mohacarito. Semhādhiko vā mohacarito, vātādhiko rāgacarito’’ti tiṇṇampi
rāgadosamohānaṃ dosaniyamo vutto. Ācariyabuddhaghosena
diṭṭhavimuttimaggapotthake pana ‘‘pittādhiko dosacarito’’ti pāṭho ūno
bhaveyya.
Aññānipi bahūni visuddhimagge paṭikkhittāni tattha vimuttimagge
gahetabbabhāvena dissanti. Kathaṃ?
Sīlaniddese (1,
8-piṭṭhe) ‘‘aññe pana siraṭṭho sīlattho, sītalattho sīlatthoti
evamādināpi nayenettha atthaṃ vaṇṇayantī’’ti paṭikkhitto atthopi tattha
gahetabbabhāvena dissati.
Tathā dhutaṅganiddese (1,
78-piṭṭhe) ‘‘yesampi kusalattikavinimuttaṃ dhutaṅgaṃ, tesaṃ atthato
dhutaṅgameva natthi, asantaṃ kassa dhunanato dhutaṅgaṃ nāma bhavissati,
dhutaguṇe samādāya vattatīti vacanavirodhopi ca nesaṃ āpajjati, tasmā
taṃ na gahetabba’’nti paṭikkhittaṃ paññattidhutaṅgampi
tattha dissati. Mahāṭīkāyaṃ (1-104) pana ‘‘yesantiabhayagirivāsike sandhāyāha,
te hi dhutaṅgaṃ nāma paññattīti vadantī’’ti vaṇṇitaṃ.
Tathā pathavīkasiṇaniddese (1,
144) ‘‘paṭipadāvisuddhi nāma sasambhāriko upacāro, upekkhānubrūhanā nāma
appanā, sampahaṃsanā nāma paccavekkhaṇāti
evameke vaṇṇayantī’’tiādinā paṭikkhittaekevādopi tattha dissati.
Mahāṭīkāyaṃ (1, 172) pana ‘‘eketi abhayagirivāsino’’ti vaṇṇitaṃ.
Tathā khandhaniddese (2,
80-piṭṭhe) ‘‘balarūpaṃ sambhavarūpaṃ jātirūpaṃ rogarūpaṃ ekaccānaṃ
matena middharūpa’’nti evaṃ aññānipi rūpāni āharitvā porāṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ
tesaṃ paṭikkhittabhāvo pakāsito. Mahāṭīkāyaṃ ‘‘ekaccānanti
abhayagirivāsīna’’nti vaṇṇitaṃ. Tesu jātirūpaṃ middharūpañca vimuttimagge dassitaṃ.
Na kevalaṃ dassanamattameva, atha kho middharūpassa atthibhāvopi
‘‘middhaṃ nāma tividhaṃ āhārajaṃ utujaṃ cittajañcāti. Tesucittajameva
nīvaraṇaṃ hoti, sesā
pana dve arahatopi bhaveyyu’’ntiādinā sādhito.
Ettāvatā ca vimuttimagge visuddhimaggena asamānatthānaṃ vuttabhāvo ca
abhayagirivāsīhi tassa ganthassa paṭiggahitabhāvo ca sakkā ñātuṃ.
Aññānipi pana īdisāni asamānavacanāni bahūni tattha saṃvijjantiyeva,
tāni pana sabbāni na sakkā idha dassetuṃ.
Yebhuyyena panassa karaṇappakāro visuddhimaggassa viya hoti. Yā yā hi
pāḷi abhidhammavibhaṅgato vā paṭisambhidāmaggato vā aññasuttantehi vā
ānetvā sādhakabhāvena visuddhimagge dassiyati, tatthapi sā sā pāḷi
yebhuyyena dissateva. Tāsu kañcimattaṃ uddharitvā anuminanatthāya
dassayissāma.
Yā visuddhimagge (1, 47-piṭṭhe) ‘‘pañca sīlāni pāṇātipātassa pahānaṃ
sīla’’ntiādikā paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷi dassitā, sā vimuttimaggepi
dissateva.
Yañca visuddhimagge (1, 137-piṭṭhe) ‘‘samādhi kāmacchandassa
paṭipakkho…pe… vicāro vicikicchāyā’’ti vacanaṃ peṭake vuttanti
dassitaṃ, tañca tatthapi tatheva dassetvā ‘‘tipeṭakevutta’’nti
niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tipeṭaketi
nāmañca peṭakopadesameva sandhāya vuttaṃ bhaveyya. Tattha hi vivicceva
kāmehīti pāṭhasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘alobhassa pāripūriyā kāmehi viveko
sampajjati, adosassa. Amohassa pāripūriyā akusalehi dhammehi viveko sampajjatī’’ti
pāṭhassa tipeṭake vuttabhāvo dassito. So ca pāṭho peṭakopadese
(262-piṭṭhe) ‘‘tattha alobhassa pāripūriyā vivitto hoti kāmehī’’tiādinā
dissati.
Yathā ca visuddhimagge (1, 258-piṭṭhe) ‘‘ayampi kho bhikkhave
ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito’’tiādikā pāḷi mahāvaggasaṃyuttakato ānetvā
dassitā, tatheva tatthapi.
Yathā ca visuddhimagge (1, 272-piṭṭhe) ‘‘assāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ
satiyā anugacchato’’tiādi pāḷi ca (1, 273-piṭṭhe) kakacūpamapāḷi ca
paṭisambhidāmaggato ānetvā dassitā, tatheva tatthapi.
Yathā ca visuddhimagge (2, 69-piṭṭhe) ‘‘katamā cintāmayā paññā’’tiādikā
ca pāḷi ‘‘tattha katamaṃ āyakosalla’’ntiādikā ca pāḷi (2, 71-piṭṭhe)
‘‘dukkhe ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā’’tiādikā ca pāḷi abhidhammavibhaṅgato
ānetvā dassitā, tatheva tatthapi. Sabbāpi ca tattha vuttā
ekavidhaduvidhādipaññāpabhedakathā visuddhimagge vuttakathāya yebhuyyena
samānāyeva.
‘‘Yena cakkhupasādena, rūpāni manupassati;
Parittaṃ sukhumaṃ etaṃ, ūkāsirasamūpama’’nti [visuddhi.
2.436; dha. sa. aṭṭha. 596]–
Ayampi gāthā vimuttimaggepi āyasmatā sāriputtattherena bhāsitabhāveneva
dassitā.Ūkāsirasamūpamanti
padaṃ pana ūkāsamūpamanti
tattha dissati, tañca paramparalekhakānaṃ pamādalekhamattameva siyā.
Catūsu saccesu visuddhimagge viya vacanatthato lakkhaṇato anūnādhikato
kamato antogadhānaṃ pabhedato upamāto ca vinicchayo dassito, so ca
yebhuyyena visuddhimaggena[visuddhi.
2.530] samānoyeva.
Yathā ca visuddhimagge (2, 242-245) sammasanañāṇakathāyaṃ pañcannaṃ
khandhānaṃ atītādiekādasavidhena ca aniccādilakkhaṇattayena ca visuṃ
visuṃ sammasananayo dassito, tatheva tatthapi.
Cakkhādijarāmaraṇapariyosānesu pana dhammesu dhammavicārapariyosānānaṃ
saṭṭhiyā eva dhammānaṃ aniccādilakkhaṇattayena sammasananayo tattha
dassito.
Visuddhimagge pana
diṭṭhivisuddhiniddese (2, 230-232-piṭṭhesu) vuttā ‘‘yamakaṃ
nāmarūpañca…pe… ubho bhijjanti paccayā’’ti gāthā ca, ‘‘na cakkhuto
jāyare’’tiādikā cha gāthāyo ca, ‘‘na sakena balena jāyare’’tiādikā cha
gāthāyo ca vimuttimagge bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇakathāyaṃ dassitā. Tāsu
appamattakoyeva pāṭhabhedo dissati.
Visuddhimagge (2, 261-2-piṭṭhesu) arūpasattakesu ariyavaṃsakathānayena
vutto kalāpato ca yamakato ca sammasananayo vimuttimagge ettheva
bhaṅgānupassanāñāṇakathāyaṃ dassito.
Vimuttimagge buddhānussatikathāyaṃ lokavidūti padassa atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ
sattalokasaṅkhāralokavasena dveyeva
lokā dassitā, na pana
okāsaloko yathā visuddhimagge (1, 199-200-piṭṭhesu).
Ettāvatā ca vimuttimaggo nāma gantho kīdisoti sakkā anuminituṃ. So pana
yathā na mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ gantho hoti, evaṃ mahāyānikānampi na hotiyeva
theravādapiṭakameva nissāya katabhāvato. Yasmā pana tattha na kiñcipi
sīhaḷadīpikaṃ nāmaṃ vā theravādo vā dissati, tasmā so sīhaḷadīpe
kataganthopi na hoti. Indiyaraṭṭhikaṃ pana nāmañca vohāro ca tattha
bahūsu ṭhānesu dissati, tasmā indiyaraṭṭhe kataganthova bhaveyya. Yasmā
cassa peṭakopadesaṃ nissitabhāvo bahūsu ṭhānesu dissati, visesato pana
middharūpassa atthibhāvo ca, arahatopi tassa atthibhāvo ca tameva
nissāya dassīyati, paṭisambhidāmaggagaṇṭhipadeca
peṭaketi padassa [paṭi.
ma. aṭṭha. 1.1.36] atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ
‘‘suttantapiṭakatthāya aṭṭhakathā peṭakaṃ mahisāsakānaṃ gantho’’ti
vaṇṇito. Tasmā eso vimuttimaggo mahisāsakanikāyikena kato bhaveyyāti
amhākaṃ mati.
Nissayaṭṭhakathāvibhāvanā
Visuddhimaggo pana na kevalaṃ pubbe vuttappakāreneva kato, atha kho
vuccamānappakārenāpi. Tathā hi ācariyabuddhaghosatthero
porāṇaṭṭhakathāhi samāharitvā bhāsāparivattanavasena dassentopi yā yā
atthavaṇṇanā vā vinicchayo vā
saṃsayitabbo hoti, tattha tattha vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanti vā (1,
263), vinayaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ, majjhimaṭṭhakathāsu panāti vā (1, 70),
aṅguttarabhāṇakāti vā (1, 72), aṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ matānusārena
vinicchayoti vā (1, 99), vuttampi cetaṃ aṭṭhakathāsūti vā (1, 118), taṃ
aṭṭhakathāsu paṭikkhittanti vā (1, 134), dīghabhāṇakasaṃyuttabhāṇakānaṃ
matanti vā, majjhimabhāṇakā icchantīti vā (1, 267), aṭṭhakathāsu
vinicchayoti vā, evaṃ tāva dīghabhāṇakā, majjhimabhāṇakā panāhūti vā (1,
277), aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana…pe… ayaṃ kamo vutto, so pāḷiyā na
sametīti vā (1, 309), evaṃ tāva majjhimabhāṇakā, saṃyuttabhāṇakā panāti
vā (2, 62), saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanti vā (2, 63), aṭṭhakathāyaṃ
panāti vā (2, 80) evaṃ taṃtaṃatthavaṇṇanāvinicchayānaṃ nissayampi
vibhāvetvā pacchimajanānaṃ uppajjamānasaṃsayaṃ vinodentoyeva te dassesi.
Tenimassa visuddhimaggassa karaṇakāle sabbāpi sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo
ācariyassa santike santīti ca, pubbeyeva tā ācariyena sīhaḷattherānaṃ
santike sutāti ca, tāhi gahetabbaṃ sabbaṃ gahetvā ayaṃ visuddhimaggo
ācariyena likhitoti ca ayamattho ativiya pākaṭo hoti. Tasmā yaṃ
mahāvaṃse –
‘‘Saṅgho gāthādvayaṃ tassā’dāsi sāmatthiyaṃ tavā’’tiādinā
‘‘gāthādvayameva oloketvā kiñcipi aññaṃ potthakaṃ anoloketvā
ācariyabuddhaghoso visuddhimaggaṃ akāsī’’ti adhippāyena
abhitthutivacanaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ abhitthutimattamevāti veditabbaṃ.
Porāṇavacanadassanaṃ
Na kevalaṃ ācariyo aṭṭhakathāyoyeva nissayabhāvena dassesi, atha kho
‘‘porāṇā panāhū’’tiādinā porāṇānaṃ vacanampi dassesiyeva. Tadettha
dvāvīsatiyā ṭhānesu diṭṭhaṃ[visuddhi.
1.15, 137, 142, 217, 252, 303; 2.581, 675-676, 689, 706, 736, 745, 746,
749,755, 778, 839]. Ke panete porāṇā nāma? Yāva
catutthasaṅgītikālā saṅgītikāresu pariyāpannā vā tādisā
vā mahātherāti veditabbā. Tathā hi paṭisambhidāmagge (292-3-piṭṭhesu).
‘‘Obhāse ceva ñāṇe ca, pītiyā ca vikampati…pe…
Dhammuddhaccakusalo hoti, na ca vikkhepaṃ gacchatī’’ti –
Evamāgatā gāthāyo idha (273-4-piṭṭhesu) porāṇānaṃ vacanabhāvena dassitā.
Yadi cimā gāthāyo saṅgītikārehi pakkhittā bhaveyyuṃ yathā
parivārapāḷiyaṃ (3-piṭṭhe) āgatā ācariyaparamparādīpikā gāthāyo, tā hi
samantapāsādikāyaṃ (1, 46-piṭṭhe) porāṇavacanabhāvena dassitā, evaṃ sati
teyeva saṅgītikārā porāṇāti veditabbā. Atha paṭisambhidāmaggadesakeneva
bhāsitā bhaveyyuṃ, te viya garukaraṇīyā paccayikā saddhāyitabbakā
mahātherā porāṇāti veditabbā. Samantapāsādikāsumaṅgalavilāsinīādīsu
‘‘porāṇā pana evaṃ vaṇṇayantī’’tiādinā vuttaṭṭhānesupi tādisāva ācariyā
porāṇāti vuttā.
Vinayaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Ācariyo pana imaṃ visuddhimaggapakaraṇaṃ yathāvuttappakārena katvā
aññāpi tipiṭakaṭṭhakathāyo anukkamena akāsi. Kathaṃ? Samantapāsādikaṃ
nāma vinayaṭṭhakathaṃbuddhasirittherena ajjhesito
mahāvihārassa dakkhiṇabhāge padhānagharapariveṇemahānigamassāmino
pāsāde vasanto akāsi. Sā panesā siripāloti
nāmantarassamahānāmarañño
vīsatimavasse (973-bu-va) āraddhā ekavīsatimavasse (974-bu-va)
niṭṭhānappattā ahosi. Tañca pana karonto mahāmahindattherenābhataṃ
sīhaḷabhāsāya saṅkhataṃ mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā sarīraṃ katvā
mahāpaccarīkurundīsaṅkhepaandhakaṭṭhakathāhi ca gahetabbaṃ gahetvā
sīhaḷadīpe yāvavasabharājakālā
pākaṭānaṃ porāṇa vinayadharamahātherānaṃ vinicchayabhūtaṃ theravādampi
pakkhipitvā akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ samantapāsādikāyaṃ –
‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañca samārabhanto, tassā mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ sarīraṃ;
Katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ tatheva, kurundināmādisu vissutāsu.
Vinicchayo aṭṭhakathāsu
vutto, yo yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto;
Tatopi antogadhatheravādaṃ, saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samma samārabhissa’’nti ca.
‘‘Mahāmeghavanuyyāne, bhūmibhāge patiṭṭhito;
Mahāvihāro yo satthu, mahābodhivibhūsito.
Yaṃ tassa dakkhiṇe bhāge, padhānagharamuttamaṃ;
Sucicārittasīlena, bhikkhusaṅghena sevitaṃ.
Uḷārakulasambhūto, saṅghupaṭṭhāyako sadā;
Anākulāya saddhāya, pasanno ratanattaye.
Mahānigamasāmīti, vissuto tattha kārayi;
Cārupākārasañcitaṃ, yaṃ pāsādaṃ manoramaṃ.
Sandacchāyatarūpetaṃ, sampannasalilāsayaṃ;
Vasatā tatra pāsāde, mahānigamasāmino.
Sucisīlasamācāraṃ, theraṃ buddhasirivhayaṃ;
Yā uddisitvā āraddhā, iddhā vinayavaṇṇanā.
Pālayantassa sakalaṃ, laṅkādīpaṃ nirabbudaṃ;
Rañño sirinivāsassa[siriyā
nivāsaṭṭhonabhūtassa siripālanāmakassa rañño (vimati, antimaviṭṭhe)], siripālayasassino.
Samavīsatime vasse,
jayasaṃvacchare ayaṃ;
Āraddhā ekavīsamhi, sampatte
pariniṭṭhitā.
Upaddavākule loke, nirupaddavato ayaṃ;
Ekasaṃvacchareneva, yathā
niṭṭhaṃ upāgatā’’ti [pari.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā] ca.
Ayañca samantapāsādikā vinayaṭṭhakathā adhunā
mudditachaṭṭhasaṅgītipotthakavasena sahassato upari
aṭṭhapaṇṇāsādhikatisatamattapiṭṭhaparimāṇā (1358) hoti, tassā ca
ekasaṃvaccharena niṭṭhāpitattaṃ upanidhāya
catuvīsādhikasattasatamattapiṭṭhaparimāṇo (724) visuddhimaggopi antamaso
chappañcamāsehi niṭṭhāpito bhaveyyāti sakkā ñātuṃ. Tasmā yaṃ
buddhaghosuppattiyaṃ mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ nissāya ‘‘visuddhimaggo
ācariyabuddhaghosenaekaratteneva tikkhattuṃ likhitvā niṭṭhāpito’’ti
abhitthutivacanaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ takkārakassa abhitthutimattamevāti
veditabbaṃ.
Nanu ca imissaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sumaṅgalavilāsiniya’’ntiādinā
visesanāmavasena āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ atideso dissati [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.15], kathamimissā tāhi paṭhamataraṃ katabhāvo
veditabboti? Ācariyassa aṭṭhakathāsu aññamaññātidesato, vinayapiṭakassa
garukātabbatarabhāvato, mahāvihāravāsīhi visesena garukatabhāvato,
saṅgītikkamānurūpabhāvato, idheva paripuṇṇanidānakathāpakāsanato,
nigamane ca paṭhamaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo sutvā karaṇappakāsanato ṭhapetvā
visuddhimaggaṃ ayameva paṭhamaṃ katāti veditabbā. Visuddhimagge pana
vinayaṭṭhakathāyanti vā vinayaṭṭhakathāsūti vā majjhimaṭṭhakathāsūti vā
evaṃ sāmaññanāmavaseneva atideso dissati, na
samantapāsādikādivisesanāmavasena. Tasmāssa sabbapaṭhamaṃ katabhāvo
pākaṭoyeva. Āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ idhātideso [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.15] imissāpi
tatthāti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.8] evaṃ
aññamaññātideso pana ācariyassa manasā suvavatthitavasena vā sakkā
bhavituṃ, apubbācarimapariniṭṭhāpanena vā. Kathaṃ? Ācariyena hi
visuddhimaggaṃ sabbaso niṭṭhāpetvā samantapāsādikādiṃ ekekamaṭṭhakathaṃ
karonteneva yattha yattha atthavaṇṇanā vitthārato aññaṭṭhakathāsu
pakāsetabbā hoti, tattha tattha ‘‘imasmiṃ nāma ṭhāne kathessāmī’’ti
manasā suvavatthitaṃ vavatthapetvā tañca atidisitvā
yathāvavatthitaṭhānappattakāle taṃ vitthārato kathentena tā katā vā
bhaveyyuṃ. Ekekissāya vā niṭṭhānāsannappattakāle taṃ ṭhapetvā aññañca
aññañca tathā katvā sabbāpi apubbācarimaṃ pariniṭṭhāpitā bhaveyyunti
evaṃ dvinnaṃ pakārānamaññataravasena ācariyassāṭṭhakathāsu
aññamaññātideso hotīti veditabbanti.
Āgamaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Sumaṅgalavilāsiniṃ nāma
dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ pana ācariyo sumaṅgalapariveṇavāsinā dāṭhānāgattherena āyācito
akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
‘‘Āyācito sumaṅgala-pariveṇanivāsinā
thiraguṇena;
Dāṭhānāga saṅgha,
ttherena theravaṃsanvayena.
Dīghāgamassa dasabala-guṇagaṇaparidīpanassa aṭṭhakathaṃ;
Yaṃ ārabhiṃ sumaṅgala-vilāsiniṃ nāma
nāmena.
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 3. nigamanakathā].
Papañcasūdaniṃ nāma
majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantabuddhamittattherenapubbe
mayūradūtapaṭṭane attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ
hetametissā nigamane –
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantabuddhamittena;
Pubbe mayūradūtapa,ṭṭanamhi
saddhiṃ vasantena.
Paravādavidhaṃsanassa, majjhimanikāyaseṭṭhassa;
Yamahaṃ papañcasūdani-maṭṭhakathaṃ
kātumārabhiṃ.
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti [ma.
ni. aṭṭha. 3. nigamanakathā].
Sāratthappakāsiniṃ nāma
saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherenaāyācito
akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
‘‘Etissā karaṇatthaṃ, therena bhadantajotipālena;
Sucisīlena subhāsitassa pakāsayantañāṇena.
Sāsanavibhūtikāmena, yācamānena maṃ subhaguṇena;
Yaṃ samadhigataṃ puññaṃ, tenāpi jano sukhī bhavatū’’ti [saṃ.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.nigamanakathā].
Manorathapūraṇiṃ nāma
aṅguttaranikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherenadakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe kañcipurādīsu
ca sīhaḷadīpe mahāvihāramhi ca attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito, tathā jīvakenāpi
upāsakena piṭakattayapāragubhūtena vātāhatepi aniñjamānasabhāve dume
viya aniñjamānasaddhamme ṭhitena sumatinā parisuddhājīvenābhiyācito
akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantajotipālena;
Kañcipurādīsu mayā,
pubbe saddhiṃ vasantena.
Varatambapaṇṇidīpe, mahāvihāramhi
vasanakālepi;
Vātāhate viya dume, aniñjamānamhi saddhamme.
Pāraṃ piṭakattayasā,garassa gantvā ṭhitena sumatinā;
Parisuddhājīvenā,bhiyācito jīvakenāpi.
Dhammakathānayanipuṇehi, dhammakathikehi aparimāṇehi;
Parikīḷitassa paṭipa,jjitassa sakasamayacitrassa.
Aṭṭhakathaṃ aṅguttara,mahānikāyassa kātumāraddho;
Yamahaṃ cirakālaṭṭhiti-micchanto sāsanavarassa.
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā;
Catunnavutiparimāṇāya, pāḷiyā bhāṇavārehi.
Sabbāgamasaṃvaṇṇana, manoratho pūrito ca me yasmā;
Etāya manoratha
pūraṇīti nāmaṃ tato assā’’ti [a.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.11.nigamanakathā].
Imā ca pana catasso āgamaṭṭhakathāyo kurumāno ācariyabuddhaghoso
mahāmahindattherenābhataṃ mūlaṭṭhakathāsaṅkhātaṃ mahāaṭṭhakathaṃyeva
bhāsāparivattanavasena ceva punappunāgatavitthārakathāmaggassa
saṃkhipanavasena ca akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ ganthārambhe –
‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābha,tātha vasinā mahāmahindena;
Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.
Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ…pe…
Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti.
Tathā nigamanepi –
‘‘Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.nigamanakathā]ca;
‘‘Mūlaṭṭhakathāsāraṃ, ādāya mayā imaṃ karontenā’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.nigamanakathā]ca.
Imāsaṃ sarīrabhūtapāṭhesu ca samantapāsādikāyaṃ viya ‘‘mahāpaccariyaṃ,
kurundiya’’ntiādinā vinicchayasaṃvaṇṇanābhedappakāsanaṃ na dissati,
tathā abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsupi. Tenetaṃ
ñāyati ‘‘suttantābhidhammesu mahāaṭṭhakathāto aññā mahāpaccariādināmikā
porāṇikā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo ceva andhakaṭṭhakathā ca natthī’’ti. Yāva
vasabharājakālā (609-653) pana pākaṭānaṃ sīhaḷikattherānaṃ vinicchayo ca
vādā ca vatthūni ca etāsupi dissantiyevāti.
Abhidhammaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Aṭṭhasāliniṃ pana sammohavinodaniñca
dhātukathādipañcapakaraṇassaaṭṭhakathañcāti
tisso abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyo attanā sadisanāmena sotatthakīganthakārakenabuddhaghosabhikkhunā
āyācito akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ tāsu –
‘‘Visuddhācārasīlena, nipuṇāmalabuddhinā;
Bhikkhunā buddhaghosena, sakkaccaṃ
abhiyācito’’ti [dha.
sa. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā] ca.
‘‘Buddhaghosoti
garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā
Ayaṃ aṭṭhasālinī nāma
dhammasaṅgahaṭṭhakathā’’ti [dha.
sa. aṭṭha. nigamanakathā]ca.
‘‘Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, tassāhaṃ yācito ṭhitaguṇena;
Yatinā adandhagatinā, subuddhinā buddhaghosena.
Yaṃ ārabhiṃ racayituṃ, aṭṭhakathaṃ sunipuṇesu atthesu;
Sammohavinodanato, sammohavinodaniṃ nāmā’’ti [vibha.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā]ca.
‘‘Buddhaghosoti
garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā
Ayaṃ sammohavinodanī nāma
vibhaṅgaṭṭhakathā’’ti [vibha.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā]ca.
Imāsu pana tīsu pañcapakaraṇaṭṭhakathāya nāmaviseso natthi āyācako ca na
pakāsito, kevalaṃ attano saddhāya eva sañcoditena ācariyabuddhaghosena
sā katā viya dissati. Vuttañhetaṃ tassā nigamane –
‘‘Kusalādidhammabhedaṃ, nissāya
nayehi vividhagaṇanehi;
Vitthārento sattama-mabhidhammappakaraṇaṃ satthā.
Suvihitasanniṭṭhāno, paṭṭhānaṃ nāma yaṃ pakāsesi;
Saddhāya samāraddhā,
yā aṭṭhakathā mayā tassāti ca.
‘‘Ettāvatā
Sattappakaraṇaṃ nātho, abhidhammamadesayi;
Devātidevo devānaṃ, devalokamhi yaṃ pure;
Tassa aṭṭhakathā esā, sakalassāpi
niṭṭhitā’’ti [paṭṭhā.
aṭṭha. 19-24.1] ca.
‘‘Buddhaghosoti
garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā
Ayaṃ sakalassapi abhidhammapiṭakassa
aṭṭhakathā’’ti [paṭṭhā.
aṭṭha. 19-24.1]ca.
Ekacce pana ādhunikā therā ‘‘abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyo ācariyabuddhaghosena
yācito saṅghapālabuddhamittajotipālādīnaṃ aññataro thero akāsī’’ti
vadanti. Ayañca nesaṃ vicāraṇā, aṭṭhasālinīsammohavinodanīsu ‘‘tā
buddhaghosena yācito akāsī’’ti ganthakārena vuttaṃ. Tena ñāyati
‘‘takkārako añño, ācariyabuddhaghoso pana tāsu yācakapuggaloyevā’’ti.
Āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ca ācariyabuddhaghosena –
‘‘Sīlakathā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni…pe…
Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmī’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] –
Evaṃ sīlakathādīnaṃ attanā
eva visuddhimagge
vuttabhāvo mayātipadena
pakāsito. Aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ pana –
‘‘Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbāni, cariyābhiññā vipassanā;
Visuddhimagge panidaṃ, yasmā sabbaṃ pakāsita’’nti [dha.
sa. aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā] –
Evaṃ mayāti
kattupadena vinā vuttaṃ. Tenāpi ñāyati ‘‘visuddhimaggakārako añño,
abhidhammaṭṭhakathākārako añño’’ti. Kiñcāpi abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsu
abhiyācako buddhaghoso bhikkhunāti ca yatināti ca imeheva
sāmaññaguṇapadehi vutto na therenāti sagāravaguṇapadena, tathāpi so
‘‘visuddhācārasīlena nipuṇāmalabuddhinā’’ti ca, ‘‘adandhagatinā
subuddhinā’’ti ca imehi adhikaguṇapadehi thomitattā
‘‘visuddhimaggādikārako ācariyabuddhaghosoyevā’’ti sakkā gahetuṃ. So hi
upasampannakālatoyeva paṭṭhāya ganthakovido
pariyattivisāradaguṇasampanno, tasmiñca kāle ūnadasavasso bhaveyya,
tasmā therenāti na vuttoti sakkā gahetunti.
Taṃ pana tesaṃ ativicāraṇamattameva. Na hi ācariyabuddhaghosatthero
‘‘tasmiṃ kāle ūnadasavasso’’ti sakkā gahetuṃ, visuddhimagganigamanepi
‘‘buddhaghosoti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therenā’’ti
vacanato, na ca ‘‘visuddhācārasīlena, nipuṇāmalabuddhinā’’ti vā,
‘‘adandhagatinā subuddhinā’’ti vā ettakeheva dvīhi dvīhi guṇapadehi
thomanena suthomito hoti, aññadatthu ‘‘nippabhīkatakhajjoto samudeti
divākaro’’ti thomanaṃ viya hoti. Nanu ācariyena attano ganthanigamanesu
–
‘‘Paramavisuddhasaddhābaddhivīriyapaṭimaṇḍitena
sīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudayasamuditena
sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthena
paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatena tipiṭakapariyattibhede sāṭṭhakathe
satthusāsane appaṭihatañāṇappabhāvena mahāveyyākaraṇenā’’tiādinā –
Attano anucchavikāni guṇapadāni
pakāsitāni, soyeva ca porāṇasīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo saṅkhipitvā
abhinavasaṅgahaṭṭhakathānaṃ ādikattā
pubbaṅgamo, aññe pana
abhinavaṭṭhakathākārā tasseva anuvattitvā avasesamekaṃ vā dve vā
aṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu. Abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsu ca yo yo attho visuddhimagge
vutto, so so yathānuppattaṭṭhāne tato gahetvā tatheva vutto. Visesato
pana paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅgakhandhāyatanadhātusaccavibhaṅgavaṇṇanāsu
jhānakathāvaṇṇanāsu ca ayamattho ativiya pākaṭo, yopi ca tattha appako
katipayamatto visuddhimaggena visadiso saṃvaṇṇanābhedo dissati, sopi
ābhidhammikānaṃ matānusārena yathā porāṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto, tatheva
vuttoti veditabbo. Yathā ca aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ samantapāsādikāya
vinayaṭṭhakathāya atideso dissati [dha.
sa. aṭṭha. 1 akusalakammapathakathā], tatheva
samantapāsādikāyampi aṭṭhasāliniyā atideso dissateva [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.11;]. Yadi ca aṭṭhasālinī aññena katā bhaveyya, kathaṃ
tāsu aññamaññātideso sakkā kātuṃ. Tasmā abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsu abhiyācako
buddhaghoso ācariyena samānanāmo cūḷabuddhaghosoti
yāvajjatanā ācariyaparamparāya gahito sotatthakīganthakārako
aññoyeva, na ācariyamahābuddhaghosatthero. Teneva tattha vuttaṃ
‘‘bhikkhunā’’ti ca ‘‘yatinā’’ti ca.
Yadi pana ettakena niṭṭhaṃ na gaccheyya, evampi vicāretabbaṃ – kinnu kho
saṅghapālādayo therā visuddhimaggādīnaṃ karaṇatthāya
ācariyabuddhaghosattheraṃ āyācamānā attanā samatthataroti saddahantā
āyācanti udāhu asaddahantāti? Saddahantāyeva āyācantīti
pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Tathā ca sati ācariyabuddhaghosatthero sayaṃ aññehi
samatthatarova samāno kasmā aññaṃ āyāceyya. Na hi saddhāsampannassa
thāmasampannassa yobbanasampannassa ācariyassa sundarataraṃ
abhidhammaṭṭhakathaṃ kātuṃ bhāriyaṃ bhavissati. Abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsu ca
vuttavacanāni visuddhimaggaāgamaṭṭhakathāsu vuttasaṃvaṇṇanāvacanehi
ekākārāneva honti. Yadi ca abhidhammaṭṭhakathaṃ añño kareyya, kathamapi
tāhi vacanākārassa visadisatā bhaveyya eva. Etāsaṃ nigamane ca dassitena
‘‘buddhaghosoti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katā’’ti vacanena
‘‘ācariyabuddhaghosena katā’’tveva pākaṭā honti, na aññenāti. Yepi
‘‘aññena katā’’ti vadanti, tepi ‘‘iminā nāma therenā’’ti ekaṃsato
dassetuṃ na sakkonti, tathā dassetuñca lesamattampi sādhakavacanaṃ na
dissati. Tasmā abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyopi idāni ācariyehicūḷabuddhaghosoti
voharitena buddhaghosena nāma
bhikkhunāyācito visuddhimaggavinayāgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ kārako ācariyamahābuddhaghosattheroyeva
akāsīti niṭṭhamettha gantabbanti.
Yaṃ pana mahāvaṃse ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso sīhaḷadīpāgamanato pubbe
jambudīpe vasanakāleyeva aṭṭhasāliniṃ akāsī’’ti adhippāyena –
225.
‘‘Dhammasaṅgaṇiyākāsi, kacchaṃ so aṭṭhasālini’’nti –
Vuttaṃ, taṃ idāni dissamānāya
aṭṭhasāliniyā na sameti. Tattha hi ganthārambheyeva visuddhimaggaṃ
atidisitvā pacchāpi so ca, samantapāsādikā ca bahūsu ṭhānesu
atidisīyanti. Tasmā tassā ācariyena sīhaḷadīpaṃ patvā visuddhimaggañceva
samantapāsādikañca katvā pacchāyeva katabhāvo ativiya pākaṭoti.
Kaṅkhāvitaraṇīaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Kaṅkhāvitaraṇiṃ nāma
pātimokkhaṭṭhakathaṃ ācariyabuddhaghosatthero soṇattherenayācito
mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vācanāmagganissitaṃ sīhaḷapātimokkhaṭṭhakathānayaṃ
nissāya ekampi padaṃ pāḷiyā vā mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāhi vā
avirodhetvā akāsi. Tena vuttaṃ tissaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ –
‘‘Sūratena nivātena, sucisallekhavuttinā;
Vinayācārayuttena, soṇattherena yācito.
Tattha sañjātakaṅkhānaṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ tassa vaṇṇanaṃ;
Kaṅkhāvitaraṇatthāya, paripuṇṇavinicchayaṃ.
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, vācanāmagganissitaṃ;
Vattayissāmi nāmena, kaṅkhāvitaraṇiṃ subha’’nti [kaṅkhā
aṭṭha. ganthārambhakathā]ca.
‘‘Ārabhiṃ yamahaṃ sabbaṃ, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathānayaṃ;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, vācanāmagganissitaṃ.
Nissāya sā ayaṃ niṭṭhaṃ, gatā ādāya sabbaso;
Sabbaṃ aṭṭhakathāsāraṃ, pāḷiyatthañca kevalaṃ.
Na hettha taṃ padaṃ atthi, yaṃ virujjheyya pāḷiyā;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, porāṇaṭṭhakathāhi vā’’ti [kaṅkhā.
aṭṭha. nigamanakathā] ca.
Dhammapadaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Aparāpi tisso aṭṭhakathāyo santi khuddakapāṭhaṭṭhakathā
dhammapadaṭṭhakathā suttanipātaṭṭhakathā cāti, yā tāsu
dissamānanigamanavasena ācariyabuddhaghoseneva katāti paññāyanti. Tattha
pana vuttavacanāni kānici kānici
āgamaṭṭhakathāsu vuttākārena na honti. Tasmā eke vadanti ‘‘netā
ācariyabuddhaghosassā’’ti. Ekacce pana ‘‘ācariyassa upathambhakattherehi
paṭhamaṃ katā, pacchā ācariyena osānasodhanavasena pariyosāpitā vā
bhaveyyuṃ, abhidhammaṭṭhakathaṃ āyācantena cūḷabuddhaghosena vā katā
bhaveyyu’’nti vadanti.
Taṃ tathā vā hotu aññathā vā, idāni ekantato vinicchinituṃ na
sukarameva. Tasmā tāsaṃ nigamanavacanavaseneva ettha pakāsayissāma. Tāsu
hi dhammapadaṭṭhakathaṃ
kumārakassapattherena āyācito sirikūṭassa (sirikuḍḍassa)
rañño pāsāde viharanto paramparābhataṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya saṇṭhitaṃ
porāṇaṭṭhakathaṃ pāḷibhāsāya āropetvā vitthāragatañca vacanakkamaṃ
samāsetvā gāthāsu asaṃvaṇṇitapadabyañjanāni saṃvaṇṇetvā akāsi. Vuttañhi
tattha ganthārambhe –
‘‘Paramparābhatā tassa, nipuṇā atthavaṇṇanā;
Yā tambapaṇṇidīpamhi, dīpabhāsāya saṇṭhitā…pe…
Kumārakassapenāhaṃ,
therena thiracetasā;
Saddhammaṭṭhitikāmena, sakkaccaṃ abhiyācito…pe…
Taṃ bhāsaṃ ativitthāra, gatañca vacanakkamaṃ;
Pahāyāropayitvāna, tantibhāsaṃ manoramaṃ.
Gāthānaṃ byañjanapadaṃ, yaṃ tattha na vibhāvitaṃ;
Kevalaṃ taṃ vibhāvetvā, sesaṃ tameva atthato.
Bhāsantarena bhāsissa’’nti [dha.
pa. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] –
Nigamane ca vuttaṃ –
‘‘Vihāre adhirājena, kāritamhi kataññunā;
Pāsāde sirikūṭassa, rañño
viharatā mayā’’ti [dha.
pa. aṭṭha. 2.nigamanakathā].
Ettha ca sirikūṭo nāma
samantapāsādikānigamane siripāloti
vutto mahānāmoyeva
rājāti vadanti. Evaṃ sati mahesiyā ānayanaṃ samādāpanamārabbha tena
raññā dinne dhūmarakkhapabbatavihāre vasantena sā katāti veditabbā.
Vuttañhetaṃ mahāvaṃse –
37-212.
‘‘Lohadvāra-ralaggāma-koṭipassāvanavhaye;
Tayo vihāre kāretvā,
bhikkhūnaṃ abhayuttare.
213.
Vihāraṃ kārayitvāna, dhūmarakkhamhi pabbate;
Mahesiyā’nayenā’dā, bhikkhūnaṃ theravādina’’nti.
Tassa pana rañño kāle sā niṭṭhāpitāti na sakkā gahetuṃ. Tassa hi rañño
ekavīsatimavasse samantapāsādikaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. So ca rājā
dvāvīsatimavasse divaṅgato. Etthantare sādhikaekavassena ‘‘catasso ca
āgamaṭṭhakathāyo tisso ca abhidhammaṭṭhakathāyo ayañca
dhammapadaṭṭhakathā’’ti sabbā etā na sakkā niṭṭhāpetunti.
Paramatthajotikāṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Paramatthajotikaṃ nāma
khuddakapāṭhassa ceva suttanipātassa ca aṭṭhakathaṃ kenacipi anāyācito
attano icchāvaseneva akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ khuddakapāṭhaṭṭhakathāya
ganthārambhe –
‘‘Uttamaṃ vandaneyyānaṃ, vanditvā ratanattayaṃ;
Khuddakānaṃ karissāmi, kesañci atthavaṇṇanaṃ.
Khuddakānaṃ gambhīrattā, kiñcāpi atidukkarā;
Vaṇṇanā mādisenesā, abodhantena sāsanaṃ.
Ajjāpi tu abbhocchinno, pubbācariyanicchayo;
Tatheva ca ṭhitaṃ yasmā, navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ.
Tasmāhaṃ kātumicchāmi, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ imaṃ;
Sāsanañceva nissāya, porāṇañca vinicchayaṃ.
Saddhammabahumānena, nāttukkaṃsanakamyatā;
Nāññesaṃ vambhanatthāya, taṃ suṇātha samāhitā’’ti.
Bahū pana vicakkhaṇā imā ārambhagāthāyo vicinitvā ‘‘netaṃ
ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa viya vacanaṃ hotī’’ti vadanti. Ayañca nesaṃ
vicinanākāro, ācariyabuddhaghoso hi yaṃ kañci ganthaṃ
sīlādiguṇasampannena aññena āyācitova karoti, idha pana kocipi āyācako natthi.
Punapi ācariyo ‘‘porāṇasīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ bhāsāparivattanavasena
karissāmī’’ti ca ‘‘mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vācanāmaggaṃ nissāya karissāmī’’ti
ca evaṃ paṭiññaṃ katvāva karoti, idha pana tādisīpi paṭiññā natthi.
Punapi ācariyo atigambhīratthānaṃ catunnañcāgamānaṃ abhidhammassa ca
saṃvaṇṇanārambhepi dukkarabhāvaṃ na katheti, idha pana ‘‘sāsanaṃ
abodhantena mādisenā’’ti attanā sāsanassa abuddhabhāvaṃ pakāsetvā
‘‘atidukkarā’’ti ca katheti. Tasmā ‘‘netaṃ ācariyabuddhaghosassa viya
vacana’’nti vadanti. Taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati, ācariyo hi attano
ganthanigamanesu ‘‘tipiṭakapariyattippabhede sāṭṭhakathe satthusāsane
appaṭihatañāṇappabhāvenā’’ti attano ñāṇappabhāvaṃ pakāsesi, so ‘‘sāsanaṃ
abodhantena mādisena atidukkarā’’ti īdisaṃ vacanaṃ na katheyyayevāti.
Jātakaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
Jātakaṭṭhakathāpi ca ācariyabuddhaghosatthereneva katāti vadanti,
kāraṇaṃ panettha na dissati. Sā pana atthadassittherena ca buddhamittattherena ca mahisāsakanikāyikena cabuddhadevattherenāti
tīhi therehi abhiyācito mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vācanāmaggaṃ nissāya katā.
Imissāpi nāmaviseso natthi. Vuttaṃ himissā ārambhe –
‘‘Buddhavaṃsassa etassa, icchantena ciraṭṭhitiṃ;
Yācito abhigantvāna, therena atthadassinā.
Asaṃsaṭṭhavihārena, sadā suddhavihārinā;
Tatheva buddhamittena, santacittena
viññunā.
Mahisāsakavaṃsamhi, sambhūtena nayaññunā;
Buddhadevena ca
tathā, bhikkhunā suddhabuddhinā.
Mahāpurisacariyānaṃ, ānubhāvaṃ acintiyaṃ;
Tassa vijjotayantassa, jātakassatthavaṇṇanaṃ.
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, vācanāmagganissitaṃ;
Bhāsissaṃ bhāsato taṃ me, sādhu gaṇhantu sādhavo’’ti.
Ettāvatā ca
ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa ganthabhāvena pākaṭāhi sabbaṭṭhakathāhi saha
visuddhimaggassa karaṇappakāro vitthārena vibhāvito hoti.
Sakalalokapatthārakāraṇaṃ
Kissesa visuddhimaggo
sakalaloke patthaṭoti? Parisuddhapiṭakapāḷinissayabhāvato,
sikkhattayasaṅgahabhāvato, porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanabhāvato,
parasamayavivajjanato, sakasamayavisuddhito,
sīladhutaṅgasamathaabhiññāpaññāpabhedādīnaṃ paripuṇṇavibhāgato, yāva
arahattā paṭipattinayaparidīpanato,
uttānānākulapadabyañjanasaṅkhatabhāvato, suviññeyyatthabhāvato,
pasādanīyānaṃ diṭṭhānugatāpādanasamatthānaṃ vatthūnañca dīpanatoti
evamādīhi anekasatehi guṇehi esa sakalaloke patthaṭo jāto.
Ayañhi visuddhimaggo saṅgītittayārūḷhaparisuddhapāḷipiṭakameva nissāya
pavatto, na mahāsaṅghikādīnaṃ sattarasannaṃ nikāyānaṃ piṭakaṃ, napi
mahāyānikānaṃ piṭakaṃ. Saparivāraṃ sikkhattayañca ettha paripuṇṇameva
saṅgahetvā dassitaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ ācariyena āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ganthārambhe
–
‘‘Sīlakatā dhutadhammā, kammaṭṭhānāni ceva sabbāni;
Cariyāvidhānasahito, jhānasamāpattivitthāro.
Sabbā ca abhiññāyo, paññāsaṅkalananicchayo ceva;
Khandhādhātāyatani,ndriyāni ariyāni ceva cattāri.
Saccāni paccayākāra,desanā suparisuddhanipuṇanayā;
Avimuttatantimaggā, vipassanābhāvanā ceva.
Iti pana sabbaṃ yasmā, visuddhimagge mayā suparisuddhaṃ;
Vuttaṃ tasmā bhiyyo, na taṃ idha vicārayissāmī’’ti.
Yasmā pana visuddhimaggo catunnaṃ āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ avayavabhāvena kato,
tasmā tā viya porāṇasīhaḷaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanavasena ceva
punappunāgatamatthānaṃ saṃkhipanavasena ca parasamayavivajjanavasena ca
mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ parisuddhavinicchayasaṅkhātassa sakasamayassa
dīpanavasena ca kato. Vuttañhetaṃ ācariyena –
‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ,
sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ.
Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;
Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsīnaṃ;
Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.
‘‘Majjhe visuddhimaggo, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathābhāsitamatthaṃ.
Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;
Aṭṭhakathāya vijānatha, dīghāgamanissitaṃ attha’’nti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.
‘‘Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā;
Ekāsītipamāṇāya, pāḷiyā bhāṇavārehi.
Ekūnasaṭṭhimatto, visuddhimaggopi bhāṇavārehi;
Atthappakāsanatthāya, āgamānaṃ kato yasmā.
Tasmā tena sahāyaṃ, aṭṭhakathā bhāṇavāragaṇanāya;
Suparimitaparicchinnaṃ, cattālīsaṃ sataṃ hotī’’ti [dī.
ni. aṭṭha. 3.nigamanakathā] ca.
Yadi cāyaṃ visuddhimaggo ācariyena āgamaṭṭhakathāyo viya akatvā
porāṇasīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo ca anoloketvā kevalaṃ attano ñāṇappabhāveneva
kato assa, nāyaṃ āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ avayavoti gahetabbo assa, aññadatthu
‘‘āgamaṭṭhakathāyo mahāṭṭhakathāya sārabhūtā, visuddhimaggo pana na
tassā sārabhūto, kevalaṃ ācariyassa matiyāva kato’’ti evameva vattabbo
assa. Yasmā pana tathā akatvā pubbe vuttappakāreneva kato, tasmā ayampi
visuddhimaggo tāsaṃ āgamaṭṭhakathānaṃ karaṇākāreneva katoti ca, tatoyeva
mahāṭṭhakathāya sārabhūtoti ca daṭṭhabbo.
Ekacce pana vicakkhaṇā ācariyabuddhaghosassa ganthesu
uttarapakkhasāsanikānaṃ assaghosanāgajjunavasubandhuādīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ
viya porāṇaganthe anissāya attano ñāṇeneva takketvā dassitaṃ
dhammakathāvisesaṃ adisvā asantuṭṭhacittā evaṃ vadanti ‘‘buddhaghosassa
aññaṃ anissāya attano ñāṇappabhāveneva abhinavaganthuppādanaṃ na
passāmā’’ti. Taṃ tesaṃ
garahāvacanampi samānaṃ theravādīnaṃ pasaṃsāvacanamevasampajjati.
Theravādino hi evaṃ jānanti ‘‘buddheneva bhagavatā sammāsambuddhena
desetabbo ceva dhammo paññāpetabbo ca vinayo anavasesena desito ceva
paññatto ca, soyeva dhammavinayo saddhāsampannehi bhikkhūhi ceva
gahaṭṭhehi ca yathārahaṃ paṭipajjitabbo, na tato añño dhammavinayo
takketvā gavesetabbo. Yadi pana añño dhammavinayo kenaci takketvā
kathito assa, taṃ tasseva takkino sāsanaṃ hoti na satthu sāsanaṃ. Yaṃ
yaṃ pana bhagavato dhammavinaye padabyañjanaṃ atthato apākaṭaṃ hoti,
tattha tattha porāṇakehi paṭisambhidāchaḷabhiññādiguṇasampannehi
bhagavato adhippāyaṃ jānantehi aṭṭhakathācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitanayena attho
gahetabbo, na attanomativasenā’’ti. Ācariyabuddhaghoso ca tesaṃ
theravādīnaṃ aññataro, sopi tatheva jānāti. Vuttañcetaṃ ācariyena –
‘‘Buddhena dhammo vinayo ca vutto,
Yo tassa puttehi tatheva ñāto;
So yehi tesaṃ matimaccajantā,
Yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu.
Tasmā hi yaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ,
Taṃ vajjayitvāna pamādalekhaṃ;
Sabbampi sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ,
Yasmā pamāṇaṃ idha paṇḍitānaṃ.
Tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā,
Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā…pe…
Yasmā ayaṃ hessati vaṇṇanāpi,
Sakkacca tasmā anusikkhitabbā’’ti [pārā.
aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā].
Teneva ācariyo bhagavato dhammavinayaṃ vā porāṇaṭṭhakathaṃ vā anissāya
attano ñāṇena takketvā vā attanā paricitalokiyaganthehi gahetvā vā na
kañci ganthaṃ akāsi. Yadi pana tādisaṃ kareyya, taṃ
theravādino mahāpadesasutte[dī.
ni. 2.188; a. ni. 4.180] vuttanayena
‘‘addhā idaṃ na ceva tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ, buddhaghosassa ca therassa
duggahita’’nti chaḍḍeyyuṃyeva. Yato ca kho ayaṃ visuddhimaggo
porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanādivaseneva ācariyena kato, tatoyeva
theravādino taṃ mahāpadesasuttevuttanayena
‘‘addhā idaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ, ācariyabuddhaghosassa ca therassa
suggahita’’nti sampaṭicchanti. Tenāpāyaṃ sakalaloke patthaṭo hoti.
Sīladhutaṅgādīnaṃ vibhāgo ca paṭipattinayaparidīpanañca pākaṭameva.
Tathāyaṃ visuddhimaggo suviññeyyapadavākyehi ceva anākulapadavākyehi ca
tantinayānurūpāya pāḷigatiyā suṭṭhu saṅkhato, tatoyeva cassa atthopi
suviññeyyo hoti. Tasmā taṃ olokentā viññuno visuddhajjhāsayā khaṇe khaṇe
atthapaṭisaṃvedino ceva dhammapaṭisaṃvedino ca hutvā anappakaṃ
pītisomanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedenti.
Anekāni cettha pasādāvahāni mahātissattheravatthuādīni [visuddhi.
1.15] sīhaḷavatthūni
ca dhammasenāpatisāriputtattheravatthuādīni [visuddhi.
1.19] jambudīpavatthūni
ca dīpitāni. Tāni passitvā anussarantānaṃ sappurisānaṃ balavapasādo ca
uppajjati, ‘‘kadā nu kho mayampi īdisā bhavissāmā’’ti diṭṭhānugatiṃ
āpajjitukāmatā ca uppajjati.
Evaṃ parisuddhapiṭakapāḷinissayatādīhi anekasatehi guṇehi ayaṃ
visuddhimaggo sakalaloke patthaṭo jātoti veditabbo. Yathā cāyaṃ
visuddhimaggo, evaṃ aññāpi ācariyena katā tipiṭakasaṅgahaṭṭhakathāyo
porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanabhāvādīhi guṇehi sakalaloke
patthaṭāyeva honti.
Ettāvatā ca pana kimatthaṃ katotiādīnampi pañhānamattho vitthārena
vibhāvitova hotīti.
Tatthetaṃ vuccati –
1.
Sambhāvanīyassa sudhīvarāna-
Mādattadhīriṭṭhapadassa yassa;
Paññādijātā lalitā guṇābhā,
Bhāteva lokamhi sataṃ mudāya.
2.
Sa buddhaghosāvhathiraggadhīmā,
Vidūna’maccantasamādarā’dā;
Sabhāvajaṃ byattisasattiladdhaṃ,
Siriṃ dadhāteva subuddhaghoso.
3.
‘‘Sambuddhaseṭṭhe parinibbutasmiṃ,
Saṃvaccharānaṃ dasame satamhi;
Jāto’’ti ñāto vibudhehi buddha-
Ghosaṅkuro pattasamattamānī.
4.
Viññū vidū’massa pumaggajāte,
Sañjātataṃ dakkhiṇadesabhāge;
Ramme’ndiyasmiṃ sujanākarasmiṃ,
Tattatthamesīna’mayaṃ patīti.
5.
Moraṇḍagāmamhi sa
tattha jāto,
Puññānito vippakulamhi sammā;
Sūrassa lokatthasamāvahatthaṃ,
Uppajjanāyā’dyaruṇova raṃsi.
6.
Saṃvaddhabuddhī sa pavuddhipatto,
Ārādhayaṃ ñātigaṇaṃ sadeva;
Vedesu vijjāsu tadaññasippa-
Ganthesvanāyāsapavīṇatā’gā.
7.
Suddhādhimuttīna vivecanena,
Sārānu’sāroti viviñcamāno;
Vedesva’sāratta’mabujjhi yasmā,
Tuṭṭhiṃ sa nāpajji sutena sena.
8.
Anvesato tassa pasatthasāraṃ,
Saddhammasāro savanena laddho;
Ninnova buddhassa sa sāsanamhi,
Ussāhajāto’pagamāya tattha.
9.
Dhammābhilāsī sa viroci tattha,
Saṃladdhapabbajjupasampadova;
There’pasaṅkamma visuddhathera-
Vādīnikāyamhi patītapaññe.
10.
Tadā hi’suṃ dakkhiṇaindiyamhi,
Nivāsino theriyavaṃsajātā;
Tadaññavādī ca munī muninda-
Mataṃ yathāladdhi pakāsayantā.
11.
Saddhammasārādhigamāya bhiyyo,
Pāḷiṃ samuggaṇhi jineritaṃ, sā;
Jivhaggalīlā manasā’sitā’ssa,
Lakkhīva puññe nivasaṃ babhāsa.
12.
Evaṃ tamuggaṇha’mabodhi sammā,
‘‘Ekāyanoyaṃ suvisuddhiyāti;
Maggo vivaṭṭādhigamāya’’ tattho-
Yyogaṃ samāpajji paraṃ parattī.
13.
Sabhāvapaññā mahatī ca sattha-
Ntaropaladdhā vipulāva vijjā;
Tenassa buddhottisamuddatiṇṇe,
Akicchasādhittapabhāva’maññā.
14.
Buddhassa kittīva sukittighoso,
Vattissate’ccassa garū viyattā;
Atthānvitaṃ nāmamakaṃsu buddha-
Ghosoti
sambuddhamataṅgatassa.
15.
Mayūradūtavhayapaṭṭanasmiṃ,
Nivassa kañjīvhapurādike ca;
Sa andhakākhyātasadesiyaṭṭha-
Kathaṃ samuggaṇhi
samāhitatto.
16.
Tāvattakenassa sumedhasassā-
Santuṭṭhacittassa tatuttarimpi;
Sambuddhavāṇīsu samattamatthaṃ,
Aññātumicchā mahatī ajāyi.
17.
Mahāmahindādivasīvarebhi,
Samābhatā yāṭṭhakathā sasārā;
Satheravādā suvinicchayā ca,
Tadā vibhātā vata laṅkayā’suṃ.
18.
Pavattimetaṃ vidiya’ssa meta-
Dahosi ‘‘yaṃ nūna’bhirāmalaṅkaṃ;
Alaṅkarontiṃ ratanākaraṃva,
Upecca sikkhe’ṭṭhakathā mahantī.
19.
Tā bhāsayā sīhaḷikāya raccā,
Tantiṃ samāropya navaṃ kareyyaṃ;
Evañhi desantariyāna buddha-
Mānīnamatthaṃ khalu sādhaye’’ti.
20.
Pure ca laṅkāgatasāsanaṃ yaṃ,
Sunimmalindūva himādimutto;
Pabhāsi, kismiñci tadāññavāda-
Manākulaṃ tā’kulataṃ jagāma.
21.
Jinamhi nibbānagate hi vassa-
Satantare sāsanikā samaggā;
Samānavādā jinasāsanamhi,
Na koci bhedopi tadā ahosi.
22.
Pacchā ca
saddhammadumāhatebhya-
Dhammehi vātehi paṭicca pāpe;
Jātehi saṃviggamanā samāya,
There’sa’muyyogamakaṃsu daḷhaṃ.
23.
Saṅgītiyo kacca
supesalehi,
Niggayhamānāpi thirehi daḷhaṃ;
Chinnāpi rukkhā’ssu punoruhāvā-
Kāsuṃva dhammaṃ vinayā’ññathā te.
24.
Nānāgaṇā te ca anekavādā,
Saṃsaggakārā jinasāsane’suṃ;
Vādebhi aññehi jineritebhya-
Suddhāyamānā vinayañca dhammaṃ.
25.
Vādā ca vādī piṭakāni tesaṃ,
Laṅkaṃ malaṅkaṃva
karaṃ’payātā;
Paṭiggahesuṃ pyabhayādivāsī,
Nāññe mahākhyātavihāravāsī.
26.
Yathā ca buddhābhihitāva pāḷi,
Tadatthasārā ca vasībhi ñātā;
Na ‘‘tedha vokkamma visuddhathera-
Vādī vivādī’’ti pavatti kāci.
27.
Jīvaṃva rakkhiṃsu satheravādaṃ,
Tantiṃ tadatthañca saniṇṇayaṃ te;
Tasmā na sakkāva tadaññavādi-
Vādebhi hantuṃ cu’pagantumaddhā.
28.
Taṃvādasaṃbhedabhayañca maññayā,
‘‘Duddhāravelāpi bhayehi tantinaṃ;
Sammohatādīhi bhave’’ti potthakaṃ,
Āropya sammā paripālayiṃsu te.
29.
Tadā hi tesaṃ paṭibāhane
raṇa-
Vidaṃva sikkhaṃ jinasāsanaddharo;
Sa buddhaghoso muni
buddhipāṭavo,
Gato’si dīpaṃ varatambapaṇṇikaṃ.
30.
Laṅkaṃ upecca sa mahāṭṭhakathāṇṇavassa,
Pāraṃ paraṃ vitaraṇe thiraniṇṇayova;
Saṃsuddhavaṃsajanivāsamahāvihāra-
Māgā’mbaraṃva udayindu’pasobhayanto.
31.
Tasmiñca dakkhiṇadisāya vasī sa tattha,
Sobhaṃ padhānagharasaññitapāriveṇaṃ;
Pāsāda’muttama’makā sujanebhi sebyaṃ,
Santo mahānigamasāmi suciṇṇadhammo.
32.
Sammā ca yogamakarī budhabuddhamitta-
Therādi’manta’mupayāta’manūnatante;
Saṃsevito vividhañāyapabuddhiyā so,
Suttābhidhammavinayaṭṭhakathāsva’nūnaṃ.
33.
Veyyattiyaṃ’sa samaye samayantare ca,
Paññāya disva vivaṭaṃva nihītamatthaṃ;
Therā samaggajinamaggamatā’matāsī,
Maññiṃsu naggharatanaṃva sudullabhanti.
34.
Viññāya dhammavinayatthayathicchadāne,
Cintāmaṇīti sunirūpitabuddhirūpaṃ;
Yasse’ttha nicchitamano kavisaṅghapāla-
Ttheruttamo janahitāya niyojayī taṃ.
35.
‘‘Kiñcāpi santi vividhā paṭipattiganthā,
Kesañci kiñci tu na buddhamatānusāraṃ;
Saṃsuddhatherasamayehi ca te viruddhā,
Tasmā karotu vimalaṃ paṭipattiganthaṃ’’.
36.
Mettādayambudavanaṃ janabhūmiyaṃ’sa,
Saṃvassate ca’riyamaggagamagga’maggaṃ;
Saṃsodhanattha’miti ‘‘patthitatheraāsaṃ,
Pūressa’meta’’miti kāsi visuddhimaggaṃ.
37.
Vīrānukampasatiyojitabuddhimā saṃ,
Oggayha, gayha ca’ khilaṭṭhakathā satantī;
Sāraṃ sakheda’manapekkhiya sādhukaṃ sa,
Yaṃ’kāsi, kaṃ nu’dha na rocayate budhaṃ so.
38.
Vutte’ttha bhāvaparamāva sabhāvadhammā,
Vatthū ca pītisukhavedaniyā’nitāva;
Puṇṇova sabbapaṭipattinayehi ceso,
Pupphābhiphullapavanaṃva virājate’yaṃ.
39.
Yaṃ passiyāna parikappiya ratnasāra-
Gabbhaṃ visuddhi’mabhiyātu’mapekkhamānā;
Taṃ sāra’mādiyitu’māsu payuttayuttā,
Disvā hi naggharatanaṃ nanu vajjaye na.
40.
Kantā padāvali’ha tantinayānusārā,
Sārātisāranayapanti pasiddhasiddhā;
Atthā ca santinugamāya tulāyamāno-
Yyogena mettha hi vinā paṭipatti kā’ññā.
41.
Ābhāti satthu caturāgamamajjhago’yaṃ-
Atthe pakāsayiha bhāṇuva nekadabbe;
Medhāvipītijananaṃ’sa vidhāna’metaṃ-
Tītañhi yāva kavigocara’massa ñāṇaṃ.
42.
Diṭṭhāva tikkhamati’massa visuddhimagga-
Sampādanena samupāttasudhīpadebhi;
Tenassa buddhavacanatthavibhāvanāya,
Pabyattasatti viditā viditāgamehi.
43.
Khyātaṃ kavībhi’dhigataṃ
yasa’māvahena,
Therassa suddhamatibuddhasirīvhayassa;
Lokattha’māvikatapatthana’mādiyāna,
Sāmañca ninnahadayena janāna’matthe.
44.
Sambuddhabhāvaviditeni’minā samanta-
Pāsādikāvhavinayaṭṭhakathā
paṇītā;
Sūro’dite viya tayā vinayatthamūḷhā-
Mūḷhī bhavanti jinanītipathā’dhigantvā.
45.
Laṅkā alaṅkatikatāva mahāmahinda-
Ttherena yā ca vinayaṭṭhakathā’bhatā,
taṃ;
Kantāya sīhaḷagirāya girāyamānā,
Accantakantabahulā munayo purā’suṃ.
46.
Aññā ca paccari-kurundisamaññitādī,
Dīpaṃ padīpakaraṇī vinayamhi yā’suṃ;
Saṅgayha tāsa’makhilatthanaye ca thera-
Vāde ca muttaratanāniva mekasutte.
47.
Tāheva sīhaḷaniruttiyutañca tantiṃ,
Āropiyāna ruciraṃ atha vitthatañca;
Maggaṃ samāsanavasena yathā samatta-
Lokena yā garukatā katamānanā’kā.
48.
Suddhanvayāgathavirā ca visuddhathera-
Vādī visuddhavinayāgamapujjadhammā;
Suddhaṃ kariṃsu na yathe’nti tadaññavādā,
Iccādi’māvikariyā’si nidānamettha.
49.
Yasmiṃ manuññapadapanti
subhā subodhā,
Atthā ca pītisama’vimhayatādibhāvī;
Citrā vicitramatijā kavicittahaṃsā,
Tasmā rasāyati tadatthanusārinaṃ yaṃ.
50.
Accantasāgaranibhā vividhā
nayatthā,
Sante’ttha yā’su vinayaṭṭhakathā purāṇā;
Tāsaṃ yathābhimatapanti sutantikattaṃ,
Kiñhi’ssa kiñci balavīra’paṭicca kātuṃ.
51.
Uyyoga’massa karuṇāpahitaṃ paṭicca,
Paññāsahāyasahitaṃ balavañca daḷhaṃ;
Laddhāva yā nikhilalokamanuññabhūtā,
Medhāvinaṃ’nusabhagāva virājate sā.
52.
Viññūbhi yā ‘‘vinayasāgarapāratiṇṇe’’,
Sambhāvitā ‘‘sutaraṇāyati sīghavāhā’’;
Iccābhimānitaguṇā’jja rarāja yāva,
Kiṃ yaṃ thiraṃ lahu vinassati duppasayhaṃ.
53.
‘‘Yā byāpinī’khilanayassa subodhinī ca,
Sotūbhi sevitasadātanadhammaraṅgaṃ;
Katvāna lokapahite saguṇe dadhantī,
Ṭhātū’’ti naṭṭha’mupagā’ṭṭhakathā purāṇā.
54.
Janābhisattāya dayāya codito,
Vichejja khedaṃ vinayamhi sādhunaṃ;
Athāgamāna’ṭṭhakathāvidhānane,
Dhuraṃ dadhātuṃ’bhimukhā’si so sudhī.
55.
Padmaṃva phullābhinataṃ subhāṇubhaṃ,
Laddhāna phullaṃ’tisayā’si cetanā;
Dāṭhādināgena thiraggadhīmatā,
Yā patthitā’rabbha tadatthasijjhane.
56.
Dīghāgamatthesu sabuddhivikkama-
Māgamma sārādhigamā sumaṅgala-
Nāmānugantāva vilāsinīti
yā,
Saṃvaṇṇanā lokahitāya sambhavī.
57.
Gambhīramedhāvisayāgamamhipi,
Ārabbha buddhiṃ’sa sunimmalīkatā;
Viññātabuddhābhimatā bahū janā,
Aññatthasādhā mahatañhi buddhiyo.
58.
Sā’nītavidvākkhimanā manāyitā,
Kantāgame dhammasabhāyate sadā;
Teneva maññe’ha tirokatā tayā,
Kiṃ sīghaga’ññatra pathaññagāmikā.
59.
Patvā mahantā’mbara’mambudo yathā,
Lokatthasādhīpi mahāsayaṃ mati;
Tasmā’ssa siddhā’ṭṭhakathāparamparā,
Buddhippadānāya’ huvuṃ navā navā.
60.
Buddhādimittaṃ thiraseṭṭha’muddisaṃ,
Saṃvaṇṇanā cāsi papañcasūdanī;
‘‘Sabbatthasāre jinamajjhimāgame,
Laddhāna pītiṃ sujanā samentu’’ti.
61.
Uppajji ‘‘sāratthapakāsinī’’ti
yā,
Sā jotipālassa yathābhilāsitaṃ;
Lokaṃ yathānāmikasāradīpanā,
Bhātā’si sammāpaṭipannapanthadā.
62.
Sampūri kātuṃ’sa manoratho yayā,
Aṅguttarantāgamamatthavaṇṇanā;
Tannāmadheyyaṃ sujanañca jīvakaṃ,
So jotipālañca
pasatthadhītimaṃ.
63.
Uddissa yaṃ’kāsi pavīṇataṃ karaṃ,
Buddhādisaṃsebyasumaggadassane;
Saddhammapupphāna’ vanāyitā’si sā,
Vidvālisaṅghassa sadāvagāhaṇā.
64.
Yena’ttaladdhiṃ pajahantu
sādhavo,
Dubbodhadhamme ca sabhāvadīpane;
Bujjhantu, iccāsi’bhidhammasāgaro,
Tatthā’vatāraṃ sukarena sādhinī.
65.
Medhāvilāsā’ssa’huvu’ṭṭhasālinī,
Kantā ca sammohavinodanīti
yā;
Tā buddhaghosoti
satulyanāmika-
Māgamma jātā sujanatthasādhinī.
66.
Aññā ca pañcaṭṭhakathā’bhidhammaje,
Bhāve nidhāye’ttha yathā’ssu suttarā;
Gambhīramatthesu paviddhabuddhitaṃ,
Sampādanī satthu’tulattadīpanī.
67.
Soṇāvhatherassa
paṭicca yācanaṃ,
Tā yāya kaṅkhā vitaranti bhikkhavo;
Yā pātimokkhamhi, tadanvayāvhayaṃ,
Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ’kāsi sa dhīmataṃ varo.
68.
Samattalokaṭṭhavibhāvirañjanā,
Kate’minā dhammapadassa vaṇṇanā;
Thiraṃ samuddissa kumārakassapaṃ,
Sataṃ manaṃ pītipaphullitaṃ yayā.
69.
Aññā’ssa yā suttanipāta-khuddaka-
Pāṭhatthadātā paramatthajotikā;
Saṃvaṇṇanā jātakatanti
maṇḍanā,
Tā honti lokassa hitappadīpinī.
70.
Nissesalokamhi pacāraṇicchā,
Laṅkāgatāna’ṭṭhakathāna’maddhā;
Yā theravādīna’mapūri buddha-
Ghosaggatherassa pabhāvaladdhā.
71.
Bhaddaṃ’sa nāmañca, guṇā
manuññā,
Samaggagāmī’nukaronti tesaṃ;
Sasaṅkasūrā hi sadātanā ye,
Lokaṃ pamodañca karaṃ caranti.
72.
Subuddhaghosassa vibhāvisatti-
Pabyatti’mārabbha thirāsabhassa;
Samaggaloko hi sutheravāde,
Mānaṃ pavaḍḍhesi anaññajātaṃ.
73.
Buddhoti nāmaṃ
bhuvanamhi yāva,
Subuddhaghosassa siyā
na kiñhi;
Laddhā hi sādhūbhi mahopakārā,
Mahagghavittāniva taṃsakāsā.
74.
Khīyetha vaṇṇo na samuddhaṭopi,
Nanva’ssa nekā hi guṇā anantā;
Ko nu’ddhareyyā’ khilasāgarode,
Tathāpi maññantu sudhī sadā teti.
Chaṭṭhasaṅgītibhāranitthārakasaṅghasamitiyā pakāsitāyaṃ
Visuddhimagganidānakathā niṭṭhitā.