10. Bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo
1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
466. Idāni tadanantare
bojjhaṅgavibhaṅge sattāti
gaṇanaparicchedo. Bojjhaṅgāti
bodhiyā bodhissa vā aṅgāti bojjhaṅgā.
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yā esā dhammasāmaggī yāya lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe
uppajjamānāya
līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhattakilamathānuyogaucchedasassatābhinivesādīnaṃ
anekesaṃ upaddavānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtāya
satidhammavicayavīriyapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsaṅkhātāya
dhammasāmaggiyā ariyasāvako bujjhatīti katvā bodhīti vuccati, bujjhati
kilesasantānaniddāya uṭṭhahati, cattāri vā ariyasaccāni paṭivijjhati,
nibbānameva vā sacchikaroti, tassā dhammasāmaggīsaṅkhātāya bodhiyā
aṅgātipi bojjhaṅgā, jhānaṅgamaggaṅgādīni
viya. Yo panesa yathāvuttappakārāya etāya dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhatīti
katvā ariyasāvako bodhīti vuccati, tassa bodhissa aṅgātipi bojjhaṅgā, senaṅgarathaṅgādayo
viya. Tenāhu aṭṭhakathācariyā – ‘‘bujjhanakassa puggalassa aṅgāti vā
bojjhaṅgā’’ti.
Apica ‘‘bojjhaṅgāti kenaṭṭhena bojjhaṅgā? Bodhāya saṃvattantīti
bojjhaṅgā, bujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā,
paṭibujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, sambujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’ti iminā
paṭisambhidānayenāpi bojjhaṅgattho veditabbo.
Satisambojjhaṅgotiādīsu pasattho sundaro ca bojjhaṅgo sambojjhaṅgo,
satiyeva sambojjhaṅgo satisambojjhaṅgo.
Tattha upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇo satisambojjhaṅgo, pavicayalakkhaṇo
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, paggahalakkhaṇo vīriyasambojjhaṅgo,
pharaṇalakkhaṇo pītisambojjhaṅgo, upasamalakkhaṇo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo,
avikkhepalakkhaṇo samādhisambojjhaṅgo, paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo.
Tesu ‘‘satińca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni.
5.234) vacanato sabbesaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ upakārakattā satisambojjhaṅgo
paṭhamaṃ vutto. Tato paraṃ ‘‘so tathā sato viharanto taṃ
dhammaṃ pańńāya pavicinatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 150) nayena evaṃ
anukkameneva nikkhepapayojanaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva.
Kasmā panete satteva vuttā, anūnā anadhikāti? Līnuddhaccapaṭipakkhato
sabbatthikato ca. Ettha hi tayo bojjhaṅgā līnassa paṭipakkhā, yathāha –
‘‘yasmińca kho, bhikkhave, samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa
bhāvanāya, kālo pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Tayo
uddhaccassa paṭipakkhā, yathāha – ‘‘yasmińca kho, bhikkhave, samaye
uddhataṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa
bhāvanāya, kālo samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya, kālo
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Eko panettha
loṇadhūpanaṃ viya sabbabyańjanesu, sabbakammikaamacco viya ca sabbesu
rājakiccesu, sabbabojjhaṅgesu icchitabbato sabbatthiko, yathāha –
‘‘satińca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’’ti.
‘‘Sabbatthaka’’ntipi pāḷi. Dvinnampi sabbattha icchitabbanti attho. Evaṃ
līnuddhaccapaṭipakkhato sabbatthikato ca satteva vuttāti veditabbā.
467. Idāni
nesaṃ ekasmiṃyevārammaṇe attano attano kiccavasena nānākaraṇaṃ dassetuṃ tattha
katamo satisambojjhaṅgotiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha idha
bhikkhūti imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhu. Satimā
hotīti pańńāya pańńavā, yasena yasavā, dhanena dhanavā viya satiyā
satimā hoti, satisampannoti attho. Paramenāti
uttamena; tańhi paramatthasaccassa nibbānassa ceva maggassa ca anulomato
paramaṃ nāma hoti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ. Satinepakkenāti
nepakkaṃ vuccati pańńā; satiyā ceva nepakkena cāti
attho.
Kasmā pana imasmiṃ satibhājanīye pańńā saṅgahitāti?
Satiyā balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. Sati hi pańńāya saddhimpi uppajjati
vināpi, pańńāya saddhiṃ uppajjamānā balavatī hoti, vinā uppajjamānā
dubbalā. Tenassā balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ pańńā saṅgahitā. Yathā hi dvīsu disāsu
dve rājamahāmattā tiṭṭheyyuṃ; tesu eko rājaputtaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭheyya, eko
attano dhammatāya ekakova tesu rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhito attanopi tejena
rājaputtassapi tejena tejavā hoti; attano dhammatāya ṭhito na tena
samatejo hoti; evameva rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhitamahāmatto viya pańńāya
saddhiṃ uppannā sati, attano dhammatāya ṭhito viya vinā pańńāya uppannā.
Tattha yathā rājaputtaṃ gahetvā ṭhito attanopi tejena rājaputtassapi
tejena tejavā hoti, evaṃ pańńāya saddhiṃ uppannā sati balavatī hoti;
yathā attano dhammatāya ṭhito na tena samatejo hoti, evaṃ vinā pańńāya
uppannā dubbalā hotīti balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ pańńā gahitāti.
Cirakatampīti attano vā parassa vā kāyena cirakataṃ vattaṃ vā
kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ vā kasiṇaparikammaṃ vā. Cirabhāsitampīti
attanā vā parena vā vācāya cirabhāsitaṃ bahukampi, vattasīse ṭhatvā
dhammakathaṃ vā kammaṭṭhānavinicchayaṃ vā, vimuttāyatanasīse vā ṭhatvā
dhammakathameva. Saritā hotīti
taṃ kāyavińńattiṃ vacīvińńattińca samuṭṭhāpetvā pavattaṃ
arūpadhammakoṭṭhāsaṃ ‘evaṃ uppajjitvā evaṃ niruddho’ti saritā hoti. Anussaritāti
punappunaṃ saritā. Ayaṃ
vuccati satisambojjhaṅgoti ayaṃ evaṃ uppannā
sesabojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā sati satisambojjhaṅgo nāma
kathīyati.
So tathā
sato viharantoti so bhikkhu tenākārena uppannāya satiyā sato hutvā
viharanto. Taṃ dhammanti
taṃ cirakataṃ cirabhāsitaṃ heṭṭhā vuttappakāraṃ dhammaṃ. Pańńāya
pavicinatīti pańńāya ‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’ti pavicinati. Pavicaratīti ‘aniccaṃ
dukkhaṃ anattā’ti tattha pańńaṃ carāpento pavicarati. Parivīmaṃsaṃ
āpajjatīti olokanaṃ gavesanaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ
vuccatīti idaṃ vuttappakāraṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpakaṃ vipassanāńāṇaṃ
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Tassa taṃ dhammanti tassa bhikkhuno taṃ heṭṭhā vuttappakāraṃ
dhammaṃ. Āraddhaṃ hotīti
paripuṇṇaṃ hoti paggahitaṃ. Asallīnanti
āraddhattāyeva asallīnaṃ. Ayaṃ
vuccatīti idaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpakaṃ vipassanāsampayuttaṃ vīriyaṃ
vīriyasambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Nirāmisāti kāmāmisalokāmisavaṭṭāmisānaṃ
abhāvena nirāmisā parisuddhā. Ayaṃ
vuccatīti ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā pīti
pītisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Pītimanassāti pītisampayuttacittassa. Kāyopi
passambhatīti khandhattayasaṅkhāto nāmakāyo
kilesadarathapaṭippassaddhiyā passambhati. Cittampīti
vińńāṇakkhandhopi tatheva passambhati. Ayaṃ
vuccatīti ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā passaddhi
passaddhisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Passaddhakāyassa sukhinoti passaddhakāyatāya uppannasukhena
sukhitassa. Samādhiyatīti
sammā ādhiyati, niccalaṃ hutvā ārammaṇe ṭhapīyati, appanāppattaṃ viya
hoti. Ayaṃ vuccatīti
ayaṃ bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpikā vipassanāsampayuttā cittekaggatā
samādhisambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Tathā
samāhitanti tena appanāppattena viya samādhinā samāhitaṃ. Sādhukaṃ
ajjhupekkhitā hotīti suṭṭhu ajjhupekkhitā hoti; tesaṃ dhammānaṃ
pahānavaḍḍhane abyāvaṭo hutvā ajjhupekkhati. Ayaṃvuccatīti
ayaṃ channaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ anosakkanaanativattanabhāvasādhako
majjhattākāro upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo nāma vuccati.
Ettāvatā kiṃ kathitaṃ nāma hoti? Apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekacittakkhaṇe
nānārasalakkhaṇā pubbabhāgavipassanā bojjhaṅgā kathitā hontīti.
Paṭhamo nayo.
468-469. Idāni
yena pariyāyena satta bojjhaṅgā cuddasa honti, tassa pakāsanatthaṃ
dutiyanayaṃ dassento puna satta
bojjhaṅgātiādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbapadavaṇṇanā – ajjhattaṃ
dhammesu satīti ajjhattikasaṅkhāre pariggaṇhantassa uppannā sati. Bahiddhā
dhammesu satīti bahiddhāsaṅkhāre pariggaṇhantassa uppannā sati. Yadapīti
yāpi. Tadapīti sāpi. Abhińńāyāti
abhińńeyyadhamme abhijānanatthāya. Sambodhāyāti
sambodhi vuccati maggo, maggatthāyāti attho. Nibbānāyāti vānaṃ
vuccati taṇhā; sā tattha natthīti
nibbānaṃ, tadatthāya, asaṅkhatāya amatadhātuyā sacchikiriyatthāya
saṃvattatīti attho. Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgepi eseva
nayo.
Kāyikaṃ vīriyanti caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa uppannavīriyaṃ. Cetasikaṃ
vīriyanti ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi yāva me na
anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccissatī’’ti evaṃ kāyapayogaṃ vinā
uppannavīriyaṃ. Kāyapassaddhīti
tiṇṇaṃ khandhānaṃ darathapassaddhi. Cittapassaddhīti
vińńāṇakkhandhassa darathapassaddhi. Upekkhāsambojjhaṅge
satisambojjhaṅgasadisova vinicchayo. Imasmiṃ naye satta bojjhaṅgā
lokiyalokuttaramissakā kathitā.
Porāṇakattherā pana ‘ettakena pākaṭaṃ na hotī’ti
vibhajitvā dassesuṃ. Etesu hi ajjhattadhammesu sati pavicayo upekkhāti
ime tayo attano khandhārammaṇattā lokiyāva honti. Tathā maggaṃ appattaṃ
kāyikavīriyaṃ. Avitakkaavicārā pana
pītisamādhiyo lokuttarā honti. Sesā lokiyalokuttaramissakāti.
Tattha ajjhattaṃ tāva dhammesu satipavicayaupekkhā ajjhattārammaṇā,
lokuttarā pana bahiddhārammaṇāti tesaṃ lokuttarabhāvo mā yujjittha.
Caṅkamappayogena nibbattavīriyampi lokiyanti vadanto na kilamati.
Avitakkaavicārā pana pītisamādhiyo kadā lokuttarā hontīti? Kāmāvacare
tāva pītisambojjhaṅgo labbhati, avitakkaavicārā pīti na labbhati.
Rūpāvacare avitakkaavicārā pīti labbhati, pītisambojjhaṅgo pana na
labbhati. Arūpāvacare sabbena sabbaṃ na labbhati. Ettha pana
alabbhamānakaṃ upādāya labbhamānakāpi paṭikkhittā. Evamayaṃ
avitakkaavicāro pītisambojjhaṅgo kāmāvacaratopi nikkhanto rūpāvacaratopi
arūpāvacaratopīti nibbattitalokuttaro yevāti kathito.
Tathā kāmāvacare samādhisambojjhaṅgo labbhati, avitakkaavicāro pana
samādhi na labbhati. Rūpāvacaraarūpāvacaresu avitakkaavicāro samādhi
labbhati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo pana na labbhati. Ettha pana
alabbhamānakaṃ upādāya labbhamānakopi paṭikkhitto. Evamayaṃ
avitakkaavicāro samādhi kāmāvacaratopi nikkhanto rūpāvacaratopi
arūpāvacaratopīti nibbattitalokuttaro yevāti kathito.
Apica lokiyaṃ
gahetvā lokuttaro kātabbo; lokuttaraṃ gahetvā lokiyo kātabbo.
Ajjhattadhammesu hi satipavicayaupekkhānaṃ lokuttarabhāvanākālopi atthi.
Tatridaṃ suttaṃ – ‘‘ajjhattavimokkhaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sabbupādānakkhayaṃ
vadāmi; evamassime āsavā nānusentī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.32 thokaṃ visadisaṃ)
iminā suttena lokuttarā honti. Yadā pana caṅkamapayogena nibbatte
kāyikavīriye anupasanteyeva vipassanā maggena ghaṭīyati, tadā taṃ
lokuttaraṃ hoti. Ye pana therā ‘‘kasiṇajjhāne, ānāpānajjhāne,
brahmavihārajjhāne ca bojjhaṅgo uddharanto na vāretabbo’’ti vadanti,
tesaṃ vāde avitakkaavicārā pītisamādhisambojjhaṅgā lokiyā hontīti.
Dutiyo nayo.
470-471. Idāni bojjhaṅgānaṃ
bhāvanāvasena pavattaṃ tatiyanayaṃ dassento puna satta
bojjhaṅgātiādimāha. Tatthāpi ayaṃ anupubbapadavaṇṇanā – bhāvetīti
vaḍḍheti; attano santāne punappunaṃ janeti abhinibbatteti. Vivekanissitanti
viveke nissitaṃ. Vivekoti
vivittatā. So cāyaṃ tadaṅgaviveko,
vikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavivekoti pańcavidho. Tattha
tadaṅgaviveko nāma vipassanā. Vikkhambhanaviveko nāma aṭṭha samāpattiyo.
Samucchedaviveko nāma maggo. Paṭippassaddhiviveko nāma phalaṃ.
Nissaraṇaviveko nāma sabbanimittanissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ. Evametasmiṃ
pańcavidhe viveke nissitaṃ vivekanissitanti tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ
samucchedavivekanissitaṃ nissaraṇavivekanissitańca satisambojjhaṅgaṃ
bhāvetīti ayamattho veditabbo.
Tathā hi ayaṃ satisambojjhaṅgabhāvanānuyogamanuyutto
yogī vipassanākkhaṇe kiccato tadaṅgavivekanissitaṃ, ajjhāsayato
nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ, maggakāle pana kiccato
samucchedavivekanissitaṃ, ārammaṇato nissaraṇavivekanissitaṃ,
satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti. Pańcavivekanissitampīti eke. Te hi na kevalaṃ
balavavipassanāmaggaphalakkhaṇesu eva bojjhaṅgaṃ uddharanti,
vipassanāpādakakasiṇajjhānaānāpānāsubhabrahmavihārajjhānesupi
uddharanti, na ca paṭisiddhā aṭṭhakathācariyehi .
Tasmā tesaṃ matena etesaṃ jhānānaṃ pavattikkhaṇe kiccato eva
vikkhambhanavivekanissitaṃ. Yathā ca vipassanākkhaṇe ‘‘ajjhāsayato
nissaraṇavivekanissita’’nti vuttaṃ,
evaṃ ‘‘paṭippassaddhivivekanissitampi bhāvetī’’ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Esa
nayo virāganissitādīsu. Vivekatthā eva hi virāgādayo.
Kevalańcettha vossaggo duvidho – pariccāgavossaggo
ca pakkhandanavossaggo cāti. Tattha ‘pariccāgavossaggo’ti
vipassanākkhaṇe ca tadaṅgavasena maggakkhaṇe ca samucchedavasena
kilesappahānaṃ. ‘Pakkhandanavossaggo’ti
vipassanākkhaṇe tanninnabhāvena, maggakkhaṇe pana ārammaṇakaraṇena
nibbānapakkhandanaṃ. Tadubhayampi imasmiṃ lokiyalokuttaramissake atthavaṇṇanānaye
vaṭṭati. Tathā hi ayaṃ sati sambojjhaṅgo yathāvuttena pakārena kilese
pariccajati, nibbānańca pakkhandati.
Vossaggapariṇāminti iminā pana sakalena vacanena vossaggatthaṃ
pariṇamantaṃ pariṇatańca, paripaccantaṃ paripakkańcāti idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti.
Ayańhi bojjhaṅgabhāvanamanuyutto bhikkhu yathā satisambojjhaṅgo
kilesapariccāgavossaggatthaṃ nibbānapakkhandanavossaggatthańca
paripaccati, yathā ca paripakko hoti, tathā naṃ bhāvetīti. Esa nayo
sesabojjhaṅgesupi. Imasmimpi naye lokiyalokuttaramissakā bojjhaṅgā
kathitāti.
Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā.
2. Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
472. Abhidhammabhājanīye
sattapi bojjhaṅge ekato pucchitvā vissajjanassa ca pāṭiyekkaṃ pucchitvā
vissajjanassa ca vasena dve nayā. Tesaṃ atthavaṇṇanā heṭṭhā
vuttanayeneva veditabbā.
Upekkhāsambojjhaṅganiddese pana upekkhanavasena upekkhā.
Upekkhanākāro upekkhanā.
Upekkhitabbayutte samappavatte dhamme ikkhati, na codetīti upekkhā.
Puggalaṃ upekkhāpetīti upekkhanā .
Bojjhaṅgabhāvappattiyā lokiyaupekkhanāya adhikā upekkhanā ajjhupekkhanā.
Abyāpārāpajjanena majjhattabhāvo majjhattatā. Sā pana cittassa, na
sattassāti dīpetuṃ majjhattatā
cittassāti vuttanti. Ayamettha anupubbapadavaṇṇanā.
Nayā panettha gaṇetabbā – sattannampi hi
bojjhaṅgānaṃ ekato pucchitvā vissajjane ekekamagge nayasahassaṃ
nayasahassanti cattāri nayasahassāni vibhattāni. Pāṭiyekkaṃ pucchitvā
vissajjane ekekabojjhaṅgavasena cattāri cattārīti satta catukkā
aṭṭhavīsati. Tāni purimehi catūhi saddhiṃ dvattiṃsāti sabbānipi
abhidhammabhājanīye dvattiṃsa nayasahassāni vibhattāni kusalāneva. Yasmā
pana phalakkhaṇepi bojjhaṅgā labbhanti, kusalahetukāni ca sāmańńaphalāni,
tasmā tesupi bojjhaṅgadassanatthaṃ kusalaniddesapubbaṅgamāya eva tantiyā
vipākanayo āraddho. Sopi ekato
pucchitvā vissajjanassa ca, pāṭiyekkaṃ pucchitvā vissajjanassa ca vasena
duvidho hoti. Sesamettha heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Vipāke pana
kusalato tiguṇā nayā kātabbāti.
Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā.
3. Pańhāpucchakavaṇṇanā
482. Pańhāpucchake
pāḷianusāreneva bojjhaṅgānaṃ kusalādibhāvo veditabbo. Ārammaṇattikesu
pana sabbepete appamāṇaṃ nibbānaṃ ārabbha pavattito appamāṇārammaṇā eva,
na maggārammaṇā. Sahajātahetuvasena panettha kusalā maggahetukā, vīriyaṃ
vā vīmaṃsaṃ vā jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā maggabhāvanākāle maggādhipatino,
chandacittajeṭṭhikāya maggabhāvanāya na vattabbā maggādhipatinoti,
phalakālepi na vattabbā eva.
Atītādīsu ekārammaṇabhāvenapi na vattabbā,
nibbānassa pana bahiddhādhammattā bahiddhārammaṇā nāma hontīti.
Evametasmiṃ pańhāpucchakepi nibbattitalokuttarāva bojjhaṅgā
kathitā .
Sammāsambuddhena hi suttantabhājanīyasseva paṭhamanayasmiṃ lokiyā,
dutiyatatiyesu lokiyalokuttaramissakā bojjhaṅgā kathitā.
Abhidhammabhājanīyassa pana catūsupi nayesu imasmińca pańhāpucchake
lokuttarāyevāti evamayaṃ bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgopi teparivaṭṭaṃ nīharitvāva
bhājetvā dassitoti.
Sammohavinodaniyā vibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāya
Bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
