1. Bhūpālo bhuñjati.
king / eats
The king eats.

2. Puttā sayanti.
sons / sleep
Sons sleep.

3. Vāṇijā sayanti.
merchants / sleep
Merchants sleep.

4. Buddho passati.
Buddha / sees
The Buddha sees.

5. Kumāro dhāvati.
boy / runs
The boy runs.

6. Mātulo kasati.
uncle / ploughs
The uncle ploughs.

7. Brāhmaṇā bhāsanti.
brahmins / speak
Brahmins speak.

8. Mittā gacchanti.
friends / go
Friends go.

9. Kassakā pacanti.
farmers / cook
Farmers cook.

10. Manusso chindati.
man / cuts
The man cuts.

11. Purisā dhāvanti.
men / run
Men run.

12. Sahāyako bhuñjati.
friend / eats
The friend eats.

13. Tathāgato bhāsati.
Buddha / speaks
The Buddha speaks.

14. Naro pacati.
man / cooks
The man cooks.

15. Sahāyā kasanti.
friends / plough
Friends plough.

16. Sugato āgacchati.
Buddha / comes
The Buddha comes.

1. Sons run.
puttā / dhāvanti
Puttā dhāvanti.

2. The uncle sees.
mātulo / passati
Mātulo passati.

3. The Buddha comes.
Buddho / āgacchati
Buddho āgacchati.

4. Boys eat.
kumārā / bhuñjanti
Kumārā bhuñjanti.

5. Merchants go.
vāṇijā / gacchanti
Vāṇijā gacchanti.

6. The man sleeps.
manusso / sayati
Manusso sayati.

7. Kings go.
bhūpālā / gacchanti
Bhūpālā gacchanti.

8. The brahmin cuts.
brāhmaṇo / chindati
Brāhmaṇo chindati.

9. Friends speak.
mittā / bhāsanti
Mittā bhāsanti.

10. The farmer ploughs.
kassako / kasati
Kassako kasati.

11. The merchant comes.
vāṇijo / āgacchati
Vāṇijo āgacchati.

12. Sons cut.
puttā / chindanti
Puttā chindanti.

13. Uncles speak.
mātulā / bhāsanti
Mātulā bhāsanti.

14. The boy runs.
kumāro / dhāvati
Kumāro dhāvati.

15. The friend speaks.
sahāyo / bhāsati
- Sahāyo bhāsati.
- Mitto bhāsati.

16. The Buddha sees.
Buddho / passati
Buddho passati.

1. bhūpāla: king, lit. protector of the earth - a word rarely used in the texts. Other words for king include rāja (Narada Lesson 17, Warder p.153) and bhūpati (Lesson 25).

2. Here is a list of words related to bhāsati: bhāsati - to speak;

3. According to PED, the three words sahāya/sahāyaka/mitta all mean 'friend'. sahāya/sahāyaka in some passages may also mean companion or ally.

1. Tathāgato dhammaṃ bhāsati.
Buddha / truth / speaks
The Buddha speaks the truth.

2. Brāhmaṇā odanaṃ bhuñjanti.
brahmins / rice / eat
Brahmins eat rice.

3. Manusso suriyaṃ passati.
man / sun / sees
The man sees the sun.

4. Kumārā sigāle paharanti.
boys / jackals / hit
Boys hit the jackals.

5. Yācakā bhattaṃ yācanti.
beggars / rice / beg
- Beggars beg [for] rice.
- Beggars ask for rice.

6. Kassakā āvāṭe khaṇanti.
farmers / pits / dig
Farmers dig pits.

7. Mitto gāmaṃ āgacchati.
friend / [to] village / comes
The friend comes to the village.

8. Bhūpālo manusse rakkhati.
king / people / protects
The king protects the people.

9. Puttā pabbataṃ gacchanti.
sons / [to] mountain / go
Sons go to the mountain.

10. Kumāro Buddhaṃ vandati.
boy / Buddha / worships
- The boy worships the Buddha.
- The boy pays respect to the Buddha.

11. Vāṇijā patte āharanti.
merchants / bowls / bring
Merchants bring bowls.

12. Puriso vihāraṃ gacchati.
man / [to] monastery / goes
The man goes to the monastery.

13. Kukkurā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
dogs / [to] mountain / run
Dogs run to the mountain.

14. Sigālā gāmaṃ āgacchanti.
jackals / [to] village / come
Jackals come to the village.

15. Brāhmaṇā sahāyake āharanti.
brahmins / friends / bring
Brahmins bring friends.

16. Bhūpālā Sugataṃ vandanti.
kings / Buddha / worship
Kings worship the Buddha.

17. Yācakā sayanti.
beggars / sleep
Beggars sleep.

18. Mittā sunakhe haranti.
friends / dogs / take away
Friends take the dogs away.

19. Putto candaṃ passati.
son / moon / sees
The son sees the moon.

20. Kassako gāmaṃ dhāvati.
farmer / [to] village / runs
The farmer runs to the village.

21. Vāṇijā rukkhe chindanti.
merchants / trees / cut
Merchants cut trees.

22. Naro sigālaṃ vijjhati.
man / jackal / shoots
The man shoots the jackal.

23. Kumāro odanaṃ bhuñjati.
boy / rice / eats
The boy eats rice.

24. Yācako soṇaṃ paharati.
beggar / dog / hits
The beggar hits the dog.

25. Sahāyakā pabbate āruhanti.
friends / mountains / climb
Friends climb mountains.

1. Men go to the monastery.
narā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ
Narā vihāraṃ gacchanti.

2. Farmers climb mountains.
kassakā / āruhanti / pabbate
Kassakā pabbate āruhanti.

3. The brahmin eats rice.
brāhmaṇo / bhuñjati / odanaṃ
Brāhmaṇo odanaṃ bhuñjati.

4. The Buddha sees the boys.
Buddho / kumāre / passati
Buddho kumāre passati.

5. Uncles take away bowls.
mātulā / haranti / patte
Mātulā patte haranti.

6. The son protects the dog.
putto / rakkhati / kukkuraṃ
Putto kukkuraṃ rakkhati.

7. The king worships the Buddha.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ
Bhūpālo Buddhaṃ vandati.

8. The merchant brings a boy.
vāṇijo / āharati / kumāraṃ
Vāṇijo kumāraṃ āharati.

9. Friends salute the brahmin.
mittā / vandanti / brāhmaṇaṃ
Mittā brāhmaṇaṃ vandanti.

10. Beggars beg rice.
yācakā / yācanti / odanaṃ
Yācakā odanaṃ yācanti.

11. Merchants shoot jackals.
vāṇijā / vijjhanti / sigāle
Vāṇijā sigāle vijjhanti.

12. Boys climb the mountain.
kumārā / āruhanti / pabbataṃ
Kumārā pabbataṃ āruhanti.

13. The farmer runs to the village.
kassako / dhāvati / gāmaṃ
Kassako gāmaṃ dhāvati.

14. The merchant cooks rice.
vāṇijo / pacati / bhattaṃ
Vāṇijo bhattaṃ pacati.

15. Sons worship the uncle.
puttā / vandanti / mātulaṃ
Puttā mātulaṃ vandanti.

16. Kings protect men.
bhūpālā / rakkhanti / nare
Bhūpālā nare rakkhanti.

17. The Buddha comes to the monastery.
Buddho / āgacchati / vihāraṃ
Buddho vihāraṃ āgacchati.

18. The men descend.
narā / oruhanti
Narā oruhanti.

19. Farmers dig pits.
kassakā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe
Kassakā āvāṭe khaṇanti.

20. The merchant runs.
vāṇijo / dhāvati
Vāṇijo dhāvati.

21. The dog sees the moon.
kukkuro / passati / candaṃ
Kukkuro candaṃ passati.

22. Boys climb trees.
kumārā / āruhanti / rukkhe
Kumārā rukkhe āruhanti.

23. The brahmin brings the bowl.
brāhmaṇo / āharati / pattaṃ
Brāhmaṇo pattaṃ āharati.

24. The beggar sleeps.
yācako / sayati
Yācako sayati.

25. The king sees the Buddha.
bhūpālo / passati / Buddhaṃ
Bhūpālo Buddhaṃ passati.

1. Buddho sāvakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gacchati.
Buddha / [with] disciples / with / [to] monastery / goes
The Buddha goes to the monastery with [his] disciples.

2. Puriso puttena saha dīpaṃ dhāvati.
man / [with] son / with / [to] island / runs
The man runs to the island with [his] son.

3. Kassako sarena sigālaṃ vijjhati.
farmer / [with] arrow / jackal / shoots
The farmer shoots the jackal with (an) arrow.

4. Brāhmaṇā mātulena saha pabbataṃ āruhanti.
brahmins / [with] uncle / with / mountain / climb
Brahmins climb the mountain with uncle.

5. Puttā pādehi kukkure paharanti.
sons / [with] feet / dogs / hit
- Sons hit the dogs with feet.
- Sons kick the dogs.

6. Mātulo puttehi saddhiṃ rathena gāmaṃ āgacchati.
uncle / [with] sons / with / by chariot / [to] village / comes
The uncle comes to the village with [his] sons by a chariot.

7. Kumārā hatthehi patte āharanti.
boys / [by the means of] hands / bowls / bring
Boys bring the bowls by hands.

8. Coro maggena assaṃ harati.
thief / [by the means of] road / horse / takes away
The thief takes away the horse along the road.

9. Kassako āvāṭaṃ oruhati.
farmer / [to] pit / descends
- The farmer descends to the pit.
- The farmer gets down to the pit.

10. Bhūpālā paṇḍitehi saha samaṇe passanti.
kings / [with] wise men / with / monks / see
Kings, [together] with the wise men, see the monks.

11. Paṇḍito bhūpālena saha Tathāgataṃ vandati.
wise man / [with] king / with / Buddha / worships
The wise man, [together] with the king, worships the Buddha.

12. Puttā sahāyena saddhiṃ odanaṃ bhuñjanti.
sons / [with] friend / with / rice / eat
Sons eat rice with [a] friend.

13. Vāṇijo pāsāṇena migaṃ paharati.
merchant / [with] stone / deer / hits
The merchant hits [a] deer with [a] stone.

14. Sunakhā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
dogs / [with] feet / pits / dig
Dogs dig pits with [their] feet.

15. Brāhmaṇo puttena saha suriyaṃ vandati.
brahmin / [with] son / with / sun / worships
The brahmin, [together] with [his] son, worships the sun.

16. Kassako soṇehi saddhiṃ rukkhe rakkhati.
farmer / [with] dogs / with / trees / protects
The farmer protects trees with dogs.

17. Sugato sāvakehi saha vihāraṃ āgacchati.
Buddha / [with] disciples / with / [to] monastery / comes
Buddha comes to the monastery with [his] disciples.

18. Yācako pattena bhattaṃ āharati.
beggar / [by the means of] bowl / rice / brings
The beggar brings rice in [a] bowl.

19. Paṇḍitā saggaṃ gacchanti.
wise men / heaven / go
Wise men go to heaven.

20. Kumārā assehi saddhiṃ gāmaṃ dhāvanti.
boys / [with] horses / with / [to] village / run
Boys run to the village with horses.

21. Coro khaggena naraṃ paharati.
thief / [by the means of] sword / man / hits
The thief hits the man with [a] sword.

22. Vāṇijo sakaṭena dīpe āharati.
merchant / [by the means of] cart / lamps / brings
The merchant brings lamps by [a] cart.

23. Assā maggena dhāvanti.
horses / [by the means of] path / run
- Horses run through the path/road.
- Horses run along the path/road.

24. Sigālā migehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
jackals / [with] deer / with / [to] mountain / run
Jackals run to the mountain with deer.

25. Bhūpālo paṇḍitena saha manusse rakkhati.
king / [with] wise man / with / people / protects
The king, [together] with [a] wise man, protects the people.

1. The recluse sees the Buddha with his friend.
samaṇo / passati / Buddhaṃ / mittena saha
Samaṇo mittena saha Buddhaṃ passati.

2. Disciples go to the monastery with the Buddha.
sāvakā / gacchanti / viharaṃ / Buddhena saha
Sāvakā Buddhena saha viharaṃ gacchanti.

3. The horse runs to the mountain with the dogs.
asso / dhāvati / pabbataṃ / kukkurehi saddhiṃ
Asso kukkurehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvati.

4. The boy hits the lamp with a stone.
kumāro / paharati / dīpaṃ / pāsāṇena
Kumāro pāsāṇena dīpaṃ paharati.

5. Merchants shoot deer with arrows.
vāṇijā / vijjhanti / mige / sarehi
Vāṇijā sarehi mige vijjhanti.

6. Farmers dig pits with their hands.
kassakā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe / hatthehi
Kassakā hatthehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.

7. Boys go to the monastery by chariot with their uncle.
kumārā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ / rathena / mātulena saha
Kumārā mātulena saha rathena vihāraṃ gacchanti.

8. The brahmin cooks rice with his friend.
brāhmaṇo / pacati / bhattaṃ / mittena saha
Brāhmaṇo mittena saha bhattaṃ pacati.

9. The king protects the island with wise men.
bhūpālo / rakkhati / dīpaṃ / paṇḍitehi saha
Bhūpālo paṇḍitehi saha dīpaṃ rakkhati.

10. Kings worship monks with their sons.
bhūpālā / vandanti / samaṇe / puttehi saha
Bhūpālā puttehi saha samaṇe vandanti.

11. Thieves bring horses to the island.
corā / āharanti / asse / dīpaṃ
Corā asse dīpaṃ āharanti.

12. Disciples climb mountains with men.
sāvakā / āruhanti / pabbate / narehi saha
Sāvakā narehi saha pabbate āruhanti.

13. Merchants cut trees with farmers.
vāṇijā / chindanti / rukkhe / kassakehi saha
Vāṇijā kassakehi saha rukkhe chindanti.

14. The beggar digs a pit with a friend.
yācako / khaṇati / āvāṭaṃ / mittena saha
Yācako mittena saha āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.

15. The brahmin sees the moon with his uncles.
brāhmaṇo / passati / candaṃ / mātulehi saha
Brāhmaṇo mātulehi saha candaṃ passati.

16. The thief hits the horse with a sword.
coro / paharati / assaṃ / khaggena
Coro khaggena assaṃ paharati.

17. The son brings rice in a bowl.
putto / āharati / odanaṃ / pattena
Putto pattena odanaṃ āharati.

18. Boys run to the mountain with their dogs.
kumārā / dhāvanti / pabbataṃ / kukkurehi saddhiṃ
Kumārā kukkurehi saddhiṃ pabbataṃ dhāvanti.

19. Merchants come to the village by carts with farmers.
vāṇijā / āgacchanti / gāmaṃ / sakaṭehi / kassakehi saha
Vāṇijā kassakehi saha sakaṭehi gāmaṃ āgacchanti.

20. Uncles come to the monastery by chariots with their sons.
mātulā / āgacchanti / vihāraṃ / rathehi / puttehi saha
Mātulā puttehi saha rathehi vihāraṃ āgacchanti.

21. Jackals run to the mountain along the road.
sigālā / dhāvanti / pabbataṃ / maggena
Sigālā maggena pabbataṃ dhāvanti.

22. Dogs dig pits with their feet.
kukkurā / khaṇanti / āvāṭe / pādehi
Kukkurā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.

23. The man carries a saw in his hand.
naro / harati / kakacaṃ / hatthena
Naro hatthena kakacaṃ harati.

24. Recluses go to heaven.
samaṇā / gacchanti / saggaṃ
Samaṇā saggaṃ gacchanti.

25. The Buddha comes to the village with his disciples.
Buddho / āgacchati / gāmaṃ / sāvakehi saddhiṃ
Buddho sāvakehi saddhiṃ gāmaṃ āgacchati.

1. The words 'saha' and 'saddhiṃ' are indeclinables. They are used only to express the meaning of accompaniment. One exception is when "talking" or "discussing" with a person, there is no need for 'saha' and 'saddhiṃ'. [See Warder's Lesson 8 for more details.]

1. Corā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
thieves / [from] village / [to] mountain / run
Thieves run from the village to the mountain.

2. Dārako mātulasmā odanaṃ yācati.
child / [from] uncle / rice / begs
The child begs [for] rice from the uncle.

3. Kumāro sopānamhā patati.
boy / [from] stairway / falls
The boy falls from the stairway/steps.

4. Mātulā sāṭake dhovanti.
uncles / garments / wash
Uncles wash garments.

5. Dhīvarā piṭakehi macche āharanti.
fishermen / [in] baskets / fish / bring
Fishermen bring fish in baskets.

6. Upāsakā samaṇehi saddhiṃ vihārasmā nikkhamanti.
lay devotees / [with] monks / with / [from] monastery / set out
- Lay devotees set out from the monastery with monks.
- Lay devotess leave the monastery with monks.

7. Brāhmaṇo kakacena rukkhaṃ chindati.
brahmin / [with] saw / tree / cuts
The brahmin cuts the tree with [a] saw.

8. Kumārā mittehi saha bhūpālaṃ passanti.
boys / [with] friends / with / king / see
Boys, (together) with friends, see the king.

9. Vāṇijo assena saddhiṃ pabbatasmā oruhati.
merchant / [with] horse / with / [from] mountain / descends
The merchant descends from the mountain with [his] horse.

10. Yācako kassakasmā soṇaṃ yācati.
beggar / [from] farmer / dog / begs
- The beggar begs (for) the dog from the farmer.
- The beggar begs the farmer for the dog.

11. Sappā pabbatehi gāmaṃ otaranti.
serpents / [from] mountains / [to] village / descend
Serpents descend to the village from the mountains.

12. Amaccā sarehi mige vijjhanti.
ministers / [with] arrows / deer / shoot
The ministers shoot deer using arrows.

13. Coro gāmamhā sakaṭena sāṭake harati.
thief / [from] village / [in] cart / garments / takes away
The thief takes away the garments from the village in [a] cart.

14. Bhūpālo amaccehi saddhiṃ rathena pāsādaṃ āgacchati.
king / [with] ministers / with / [by] chariot / [to] palace / comes
The king comes to the palace with [his] ministers by a chariot.

15. Sūkarā pādehi āvāṭe khaṇanti.
pigs / [with] feet / pits / dig
Pigs dig pits with [their] feet.

16. Kumāro sahāyakehi saha sāṭake dhovati.
boy / [with] friends / with / garments / washes
The boy washes the garments with friends.

17. Samaṇā gāmamhā upāsakehi saddhiṃ nikkhamanti.
monks / [from] village / [with] lay devotees / with / leave
Monks leave the village with lay devotees.

18. Kukkuro piṭakamhā macchaṃ khādati.
dog / [from] basket / fish / eat
The dog eats a fish from the basket.

19. Mitto puttamhā sunakhaṃ yācati.
friend / [from] son / dog / begs
- The friend begs the son for the dog.
- The friend asks for the dog from the son.

20. Buddho sāvake pucchati
Buddha / disciples / questions
The Buddha questions [his] disciples.

21. Amaccā paṇḍitehi pañhe pucchanti.
ministers / [from] wise men / questions / ask
- The ministers ask the wise men questions.
- The ministers ask questions from the wise men.

22. Rajako sahāyena saha sāṭakaṃ dhovati.
washerman / [with] friend / with / garment / washes
The washerman washes the garment with [a] friend.

23. Macchā piṭakamhā patanti.
fish / [from] basket / fall
Fish fall from the basket.

24. Corā pāsāṇehi varāhe paharanti.
thieves / [with] stones / pigs / hit
The thieves hit the pigs with stones.

25. Amacco pāsādamhā suvaṃ āharati
minister / [from] palace / parrot / brings
The minister brings the parrot from the palace.

1. Horses run from the village to the mountain.
assā / dhāvanti / gāmamhā / pabbataṃ
Assā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.

2. Merchants come from the island to the monastery with lay devotees.
vāṇijā / āgacchanti / dīpasmā / vihāraṃ / upāsakehi saha
Vāṇijā upāsakehi saha dīpasmā vihāraṃ āgacchanti.

3. Thieves shoot pigs with arrows.
corā / vijjhanti / sūkare / sarehi
Corā sarehi sūkare vijjhanti.

4. The lay devotee questions (about) the dhamma from the recluse.
upāsako / pucchati / dhammaṃ / samaṇamhā
Upāsako samaṇamhā dhammaṃ pucchati.

5. The child falls from the rock with a friend.
dārako / patati / pāsāṇasmā / mittena saha
Dārako mittena saha pāsāṇasmā patati.

6. The dog bites the child.
kukkuro / ḍasati / dārakaṃ
Kukkuro dārakaṃ ḍasati.

7. Ministers set out from the palace with the king.
amaccā / nikkhamanti / pāsādamhā / bhūpālena saha
Amaccā bhūpālena saha pāsādamhā nikkhamanti.

8. The man brings a deer from the island.
naro / āharati / migaṃ / dīpasmā
Naro dīpasmā migaṃ āharati.

9. The farmer gets down from the tree.
kassako / oruhati / rukkhamhā
Kassako rukkhamhā oruhati.

10. Dogs run along the road with horses.
kukkurā / dhāvanti / maggena / assehi saddhiṃ
Kukkurā assehi saddhiṃ maggena dhāvanti.

11. Boys take away lamps from merchants.
kumārā / haranti / dīpe / vāṇijehi
Kumārā vāṇijehi dīpe haranti.

12. The thief gets down from the stairway.
coro / oruhati / sopānasmā
Coro sopānasmā oruhati.

13. Merchants bring parrots from mountains.
vāṇijā / āharanti / suve / pabbatehi
Vāṇijā pabbatehi suve āharanti.

14. The horse hits the serpent with its foot.
asso / paharati / sappaṃ / pādena
Asso pādena sappaṃ paharati.

15. The uncle, with his friends, sees recluses from the mountains.
mātulo / mittehi saha / passati / samaṇe / pabbatehi
Mātulo mittehi saha pabbatehi samaṇe passati.

16. Merchants bring horses to the palace from the island.
vāṇijā / āharanti / asse / pāsādaṃ / dīpamhā
Vāṇijā dīpamhā asse pāsādaṃ āharanti.

17. The minister questions the thief.
amacco / pucchati / coraṃ
Amacco coraṃ pucchati.

18. The farmer eats rice with the washerman.
kassako / bhuñjati / odanaṃ / rajakena saha
Kassako rajakena saha odanaṃ bhuñjati.

19. The child falls from the stairway.
dārako / patati / sopānamhā
Dārako sopānamhā patati.

20. The fisherman climbs the mountain with his uncle.
dhīvaro / āruhati / pabbataṃ / mātulena saha
Dhīvaro mātulena saha pabbataṃ āruhati.

21. The beggar, together with his dog, sleeps.
yācako / kukkurena saddhiṃ / sayati
Yācako kukkurena saddhiṃ sayati.

22. Kings protect islands with their ministers.
bhūpālā / rakkhanti / dīpe / amaccehi saha
Bhūpālā amaccehi saha dīpe rakkhanti.

23. The king worships the Buddha from his palace.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ / pāsādasmā
Bhūpālo pāsādasmā Buddhaṃ vandati.

24. The man kills a serpent with a sword.
naro / hanati / sappaṃ / khaggena
Naro khaggena sappaṃ hanati.

25. Fishermen bring fish to the village in carts.
dhīvarā / āharanti / macche / gāmaṃ / sakaṭehi
Dhīvarā sakaṭehi macche gāmaṃ āharanti.

26. Pigs run from the village to the mountain.
sūkarā / dhāvanti / gāmamhā / pabbataṃ
Sūkarā gāmamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.

27. Lay devotees ask questions from the wise man.
upāsakā / pucchanti / pañhe / paṇḍitasmā
Upāsakā paṇḍitasmā pañhe pucchanti.

28. The son brings a parrot from the tree.
putto / āharati / sukaṃ / rukkhamhā
Putto rukkhamhā sukaṃ āharati.

29. Wise men go to the monastery.
paṇḍitā / gacchanti / vihāraṃ
Paṇḍitā vihāraṃ gacchanti.

30. Disciples go along the road to the village.
sāvakā / gacchanti / maggena / gāmaṃ
Sāvakā maggena gāmaṃ gacchanti.

1. The noun following "nikkhamati" takes the ablative form:
Eg: Ministers leave the palace.
amaccā / nikkhamanti / pāsādasmā
Amaccā pāsādasmā nikkhamanti.

2(a) pucchati: questions
The minister questions the thief.
Amacco coraṃ pucchati.

2(b) The minister questions the dhamma from the Buddha.
Amacco Buddhasmā dhammaṃ pucchati.

3. Do not confuse the following words:
..ṣakaṭa - cart, sāṭaka - garment;
..ḍhāvati - runs, dhovati - washes;
...khaṇati - digs, khādati - eats.

1. Vāṇijo rajakassa sāṭakaṃ dadāti.
merchant / to washerman / garment / gives
The merchant gives [a] garment to the washerman.

2. Vejjo ācariyassa dīpaṃ āharati.
doctor / for teacher / lamp / brings
The doctor brings [a] lamp for the teacher.

3. Migā pāsāṇamhā pabbataṃ dhāvanti.
deer / from rock / to mountain / run
Deer run from the rock to the mountain.

4. Manussā Buddhehi dhammaṃ labhanti.
men / from Buddhas / doctrine / get
Men get the doctrine from Buddhas.

5. Puriso vejjāya sakaṭaṃ ākaḍḍhati.
man / to doctor / cart / pulls
The man pulls the cart to the doctor.

6. Dārako hatthena yācakassa bhattaṃ āharati.
child / in hand / to beggar / rice / brings
The child brings rice to the beggar in (his) hand.

7. Yācako ācariyāya āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.
beggar / for teacher / pit / digs
The beggar digs (a) pit for the teacher.

8. Rajako amaccānaṃ sāṭake dadāti.
washerman / to ministers / garments / gives
The washerman gives garments to ministers.

9. Brāhmaṇo sāvakānaṃ mañce āharati.
brahmin / for disciples / beds / brings
The brahmin brings beds for the disciples.

10. Vānaro rukkhamhā patati, kukkuro vānaraṃ ḍasati.
monkey / from tree / falls / dog / monkey / bites
The monkey falls from the tree, the dog bites the monkey.

11. Dhīvarā piṭakehi amaccānaṃ macche aharanti.
fishermen / in baskets / for ministers / fish / bring
Fishermen bring fish in baskets for ministers.

12. Kassako vāṇijāya rukkhaṃ chindati.
farmer / for merchant / tree / cuts
The farmer cuts (a) tree for the merchant.

13. Coro kuddālena ācariyāya āvāṭaṃ khaṇati.
thief / with hoe / for teacher / pit / digs
The thief digs (a) pit with (a) hoe for the teacher.

14. Vejjo puttānaṃ bhattaṃ pacati.
doctor / for sons / rice / cooks
The doctor cooks rice for (his) sons.

15. Tāpaso luddakena saddhiṃ bhāsati.
hermit / with hunter / speaks
The hermit speaks with the hunter.

16. Luddako tāpasassa dīpaṃ dadāti.
hunter / to hermit / lamp / gives
The hunter gives the lamp to (a) hermit.

17. Sīhā mige hananti.
lions / deer / kill
Lions kill deer.

18. Hunters shoot deer with arrows for ministers.
luddakā / vijjhanti / mige / sarehi / amaccānaṃ
Luddakā sarehi amaccānaṃ mige vijjhanti.

18. Makkaṭo puttena saha rukkhaṃ āruhati.
monkey / with son / tree / climbs
> The monkey climbs the tree with (its) son.
> The monkey climbs the tree with (its) young.

19. Samaṇā upāsakehi odanaṃ labhanti.
monks / from lay devotees / rice / receive
Monks receive rice from lay devotees.

20. Dārakā rodanti, kumāro hasati, mātulo kumāraṃ paharati.
children / cry / boy / laughs / uncle / boy / hits
Children cry, the boy laughs, the uncle hits the boy.

21. Vānarā pabbatamhā oruhanti, rukkhe āruhanti.
monkeys / from mountain / descend / tree / climb
> Monkeys descend from the mountain, [and] climb trees.
> Monkeys get down from the mountain, [and] climb trees.

22. Corā rathaṃ pavisanti, amacco rathaṃ pajahati.
robbers / chariot / enter / minister / chariot / abandons
Robbers enter the chariot, the minister abandons the chariot.

23. Ācariyo dārakāya rukkhamhā sukaṃ āharati.
teacher / for child / from tree / parrot / brings
The teacher brings (a) parrot from (a) tree for the child.

24. Luddako pabbatasmā ajaṃ ākaḍḍhati.
hunter / from mountain / goat / drags
The hunter drags the goat from the mountain.

25. Tāpaso pabbatamhā sīhaṃ passati.
hermit / from mountain / lion / sees
The hermit sees (a) lion from the mountain.

26. Vāṇijā kassakehi lābhaṃ labhanti.
merchants / from farmers / profit / receive
Merchants receive profit from farmers.

27. Luddako vāṇijānaṃ varāhe hanati.
hunter / for merchants / pigs / kills
The hunter kills pigs for the merchants.

28. Tāpaso ācariyamhā pañhe pucchati.
hermit / from teacher / questions / asks
The hermit asks questions from the teacher.

29. Putto mañcamhā patati.
son / from bed / falls
The son falls from the bed.

30. Kumārā sahāyakehi saddhiṃ nahāyanti.
boys / with friends / bathe
Boys bathe with friends.

1. Merchants bring horses for ministers.
vāṇijā / āharanti / asse / amaccānaṃ
Vāṇijā amaccānaṃ asse āharanti.

2. The hunter kills a goat for the merchant.
luddako / hanati / ajaṃ / vāṇijāya
Luddako vāṇijāya ajaṃ hanati.

3. The man cuts trees with a saw for the farmer.
manusso / chindati / rukkhe / kakacena / kassakassa
Manusso kakacena kassakassa rukkhe chindati.

4. Deer run away from the lion.
migā / dhāvanti / sīhasmā
Migā sīhasmā dhāvanti.

5. The king worships the Buddha along with lay devotees.
bhūpālo / vandati / Buddhaṃ / upāsakehi
Bhūpālo upāsakehi saha Buddhaṃ vandati.

6. Thieves run from villages to the mountains.
corā / dhāvanti / gāmehi / pabbate
Corā gāmehi pabbate dhāvanti.

7. The washerman washes garments for the king.
rajako / dhovati / sāṭake / bhūpālāya
Rajako bhūpālāya sāṭake dhovati.

8. The fisherman brings fish in baskets for farmers.
dhīvaro / āharati / macche / piṭakehi / kassakānaṃ
Dhīvaro piṭakehi kassakānaṃ macche āharati.

9. The teacher enters the monastery, sees the monks.
ācariyo / pavisati / vihāraṃ / passati / samaṇe
Ācariyo vihāraṃ pavisati, samaṇe passati.

10. The serpent bites the monkey.
sappo / ḍasati / vānaraṃ
Sappo vānaraṃ ḍasati.

11. Boys drag the bed for the brahmin.
kumārā / ākaḍḍhanti / mañcaṃ / brāhmaṇassa
Kumārā brāhmaṇassa mañcaṃ ākaḍḍhanti.

12. Thieves enter the palace together with men.
corā / pavisanti / pāsādaṃ / purisehi saha
Corā purisehi saha pāsādaṃ pavisanti.

13. Farmers get fish from fishermen.
kassakā / labhanti / macche / dhīvarehi
Kassakā dhīvarehi macche labhanti.

14. Pigs go from the island to the mountain.
varāhā / gacchanti / dīpamhā / pabbataṃ
Varāhā dīpamhā pabbataṃ gacchanti.

15. The king abandons the palace, the son enters the monastery.
bhūpālo / pajahati / pāsādaṃ / putto / pavisati / vihāraṃ
Bhūpālo pāsādaṃ pajahati, putto vihāraṃ pavisati.

16. The lion sleeps, the monkeys play.
sīho / sayati / vānarā / kīḷanti
Sīho sayati, vānarā kīḷanti.

17. The teacher protects his sons from the dog.
ācariyo / rakkhati / putte / kukkurasmā
Ācariyo kukkurasmā putte rakkhati.

18. Hunters shoot deer with arrows for ministers.
luddakā / vijjhanti / mige / sarehi / amaccānaṃ
Luddakā sarehi amaccānaṃ mige vijjhanti.

19. Children desire rice from the uncle.
dārakā / icchanti / odanaṃ / mātulamhā
Dārakā mātulamhā odanaṃ icchanti.

20. The doctor gives a garment to the hermit.
vejjo / dadāti / sāṭakaṃ / tāpasāya
Vejjo tāpasāya sāṭakaṃ dadāti.

21. The merchant brings a goat by cart for the teacher.
vāṇijo / āharati / ajaṃ / sakaṭena / ācariyassa
Vāṇijo sakaṭena ācariyassa ajaṃ āharati.

22. Sons see the moon from the mountain.
puttā / passanti / candaṃ / pabbatasmā
Puttā pabbatasmā candaṃ passanti.

23. Wise men get profit from the dhamma.
paṇḍitā / labhanti / lābhaṃ / dhammamhā
Paṇḍitā dhammamhā lābhaṃ labhanti.

24. Monkeys leave the village.
vānarā / nikkhamanti / gāmasmā
Vānarā gāmasmā *nikkhamanti.

* See notes in Lesson 4.

25. The son brings a parrot for his friend from the mountain.
putto / āharati / suvaṃ / mittāya / pabbatamhā
Putto pabbatamhā mittāya suvaṃ āharati.

26. The doctor enters the monastery.
vejjo / pavisati / vihāraṃ
Vejjo vihāraṃ pavisati.

27. The jackal runs from the village to the mountain along the road.
sigālo / dhāvati / gāmasmā / pabbataṃ / maggena
Sigālo maggena gāmasmā pabbataṃ dhāvati.

28. The cart falls off the road, the child cries.
sakaṭo / patati / maggamhā / dārako / rodati
Sakaṭo maggamhā patati, dārako rodati.

29. The ministers go up the stairway, the doctor comes down the stairway.
amaccā / āruhanti / sopānaṃ / vejjo / oruhati / sopānaṃ
Amaccā sopānaṃ āruhanti, vejjo sopānaṃ oruhati.

30. Wise men ask questions from the Buddha.
paṇḍitā / pucchanti / pañhe / Buddhasmā
Paṇḍitā Buddhasmā pañhe pucchanti.